CN114318080A - High-heat-conductivity and high-strength cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-heat-conductivity and high-strength cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-heat-conductivity high-strength cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 6-8 wt%, Mg:0.3 to 0.7wt%, Zn: 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, Cu: 0.4 to 0.8 wt%, Fe: 0.4 to 0.8 wt%, Sr: 0.02-0.06 wt%, mixed rare earth Re: 0.2-0.4 wt%, B: 0.01-0.03 wt%, Cr, Mn, V, Ti content less than 0.02wt%, the balance of unavoidable impurity elements and the balance of aluminum. Compared with the existing die-casting aluminum alloy, the invention has higher thermal conductivity, the thermal conductivity can reach more than 180W/(m.K) in an as-cast state, the yield strength is more than 130MPa, the thermal conductivity can reach 192W/(m.K) after short-time low-temperature aging heat treatment, and the yield strength can reach more than 200 MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a high-heat-conductivity high-strength cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Commercial aluminum alloys are generally classified into cast aluminum alloys which require good casting processes, such as low fluidity and heat cracking tendency, and wrought aluminum alloys which are used in die casting processes which are required to be incapable of sticking a die and have high-temperature strength so that parts ejected during the die opening process are not deformed or cracked. The wrought aluminum alloy generally requires high plasticity and is mainly suitable for cold forming processes such as extrusion, stamping and the like.
At present, commercial die-casting aluminum alloy is mainly ADC12, has excellent die-casting manufacturability and is mainly used for forming common shell parts with low requirements on mechanical property or heat conduction and electric conduction property. With the progress and development of modern technology, especially in the industries of mobile phones, communication and the like, some electronic products, LED lighting equipment, electronic equipment worn by human bodies, heat dissipation shells for communication base stations and the like tend to be miniaturized, light-weighted and highly integrated, and with the great increase of the operational capacity of internal chips, the heating power of the chips is greatly increased, so that the manufacturing materials of the parts are required to simultaneously meet the characteristics of high heat conduction, high toughness, excellent die-casting formability and the like; for example, the thermal conductivity of the existing die-casting aluminum alloy in the communication product industry is generally 90-150W/(m · K), and the most widely used aluminum alloy such as ADC12 aluminum alloy has excellent die-casting manufacturability, but the thermal conductivity is only 96W/(m · K), and cannot meet the heat dissipation requirement of the existing 5G high-power RRU. For mobile phones or certain human body wearing devices, high strength requirements are required besides the requirement that the thermal conductivity is more than 180W/(m.K), and the yield strength is more than 140 MPa.
Therefore, the development of an aluminum alloy material which can obtain the thermal conductivity of more than 180W/(m.K) and the yield strength of more than 180MPa only by common die casting is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-heat-conductivity and high-strength cast aluminum alloy, which solves the problems of poor heat conductivity and low strength of the existing die-casting aluminum alloy.
Further, the invention also provides a preparation method for preparing the cast aluminum alloy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-heat-conductivity high-strength cast aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: si: 6-8 wt%, Mg:0.3 to 0.7wt%, Zn: 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, Cu: 0.4 to 0.8 wt%, Fe: 0.4 to 0.8 wt%, Sr: 0.02-0.06 wt%, mixed rare earth Re: 0.2-0.4 wt%, B: 0.01-0.03 wt%, Cr, Mn, V, Ti content less than 0.02wt%, the balance of unavoidable impurity elements and the balance of aluminum.
Further, the mass ratio of La to Ce in the mixed rare earth Re is 1: 2-2.5.
Further, the total of the unavoidable impurity elements is not more than 0.1 wt%.
Further, the sum of the Si and Mg contents accounts for 6.5-8.0 wt%.
Further, the total content of Mg and Zn accounts for 0.6-1.2 wt%, and the mass ratio of Mg to Zn is 1: 1-1: 1.5.
Furthermore, the total content of Mg, Zn and Cu is less than 1.3wt%, and the total content of Mg, Zn and Cu is less than 1.5wt% after T5 heat treatment
Further, the Fe content is controlled to 0.5 wt%.
Further, the total content of Si and Mg accounts for 6.5-8.0 wt%, the mass ratio of Mg to Zn is 1: 1-1: 1.3, and the total content of Mg, Zn and Cu does not exceed 1.3 wt%.
Further, after the short-time aging heat treatment by T5, the total content of Si and Mg accounts for 6.5-8.0 wt%, Mg accounts for 0.4-0.7 wt%, the mass ratio of Mg to Zn is 1: 1-1: 1.5, and the total content of Mg, Zn and Cu is less than 1.5wt%
Further, the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-strength cast aluminum alloy, which is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
1) preparing materials: according to the set chemical composition, weighing industrial pure aluminum, Al-Si20 intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, pure zinc, Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, Al-20Fe intermediate alloy and AlB according to the metering ratio3The intermediate alloy, the Al-Sr intermediate alloy, the Al-Re intermediate alloy, the aluminum deslagging, degassing and refining agent and the like, and the alloy and the raw materials are dried for later use;
2) melting an aluminum ingot: putting an industrial pure aluminum ingot preheated to 150-180 ℃ into a smelting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 760-780 ℃, adding a deslagging agent accounting for 0.4-0.5% of the mass of the aluminum ingot after melting, stirring for 20-25 minutes by using a graphite rod, and preserving heat for 20-25 minutes after deslagging;
3) smelting and melt purification: cooling the melt of step 2) toAdding Al-Si20 intermediate alloy and Al-20Fe intermediate alloy after 740-745 ℃, cooling to 720-725 ℃ after all the intermediate alloy is melted, manually stirring for 5-6 minutes to make the components uniform, adding Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, cooling to 690-700 ℃ after the intermediate alloy is melted, adding magnesium and zinc, manually stirring for 5-6 minutes after the intermediate alloy is melted, removing bottom sediment and surface scum by using a filter screen after standing for 10-15 minutes, and then adding AlB into the melt3Manually stirring the intermediate alloy for 5-6 minutes, standing for 20-25 minutes after the intermediate alloy is melted, removing bottom sediments and surface floating slag by using a filter screen, then adding Al-Re intermediate alloy into the melt, manually stirring for 5-6 minutes, cooling to 690-695 ℃ after melting, standing for 10-15 minutes, removing bottom sediment and surface scum with a filter screen, then uniformly throwing aluminum sodium-free covering agent on the surface of the melt according to the area reference consumption of 1 kg per square meter, wrapping an aluminum refining agent by using a pure aluminum foil, then plugging the aluminum refining agent into a graphite bell jar, wherein the consumption of the refining agent is 0.2-0.5% of the mass of the aluminum liquid to be treated, pressing the bell jar into the deep part of the aluminum liquid, leaving the bottom of the furnace for about 10 cm, horizontally moving the aluminum liquid to all positions in the furnace, carrying out the aluminum liquid rolling in the reaction, wherein the reaction time is about 4-6 minutes, and fishing out floating slag and bottom sediment by using a filter screen or a slag ladle after the reaction is finished; after slagging is finished, reducing the temperature of the melt to 680-685 ℃, protecting the melt by using inert gas argon, adding an Al-Sr intermediate alloy, pressing the intermediate alloy into the bottom of a smelting furnace for melting, uniformly stirring the melt after melting, standing for 10-15 minutes, carrying out component analysis before the furnace, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and enabling the component content of the melt with unqualified component content to reach the qualified range by a material supplementing or diluting mode;
4) degassing: heating the melt in the step 3) to 700-720 ℃, introducing argon for 5-10 minutes for degassing, skimming after degassing, standing for 10-20 minutes, and waiting for die casting;
5) die casting: and (3) die-casting the melt obtained in the step 4), controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 680-690 ℃, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 220-250 ℃, introducing cooling water after the mold is normal, pressing the molten aluminum into a mold cavity, and controlling the injection speed to be 1.5-4.5 m/s and the casting pressure to be 80-150 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the existing die-casting aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy has higher thermal conductivity, the thermal conductivity can reach more than 180W/(m.K) in an as-cast state, the yield strength is more than 130MPa, the thermal conductivity can reach 192W/(m.K) after short-time low-temperature aging heat treatment, and the yield strength can reach more than 200 MPa.
2. The invention controls the aspects of component control, metamorphism, melt purification, die casting process and the like, so that the material achieves high thermal conductivity. In the preparation process, the aluminum alloy material is purified step by step for multiple times in the smelting process, so that the content of impurity elements in the base material is very low, and meanwhile, the alloy elements can play the best role by controlling the adding sequence and the adding time of part of the alloy elements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 100-fold picture of a metallographic structure in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a 1000-fold picture of the metallographic structure of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The present invention is proposed based on the following findings of the inventors:
the thermal conductivity and the electrical conductivity of the aluminum-silicon alloy have a corresponding relationship, according to the Wildman-Franz Law Law, the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the metal or the alloy are in a linear relationship at the same temperature, the thermal conductivity of the alloy can be calculated through the electrical conductivity of the alloy, and as the measurement technology of the electrical conductivity of the material is far more mature and accurate than the thermal conductivity, the thermal conductivity data of the metal material is obtained through the electrical conductivity calculation in many cases, particularly under the condition of online rapid detection.
The metal material including the aluminum alloy material mainly conducts heat by means of the movement of free electrons, and the larger the obstruction on the movement process of the free electrons is (the more the probability of the free electrons being radiated is, the lower the average free path is, and the like), the poorer the heat conduction capability is, namely, the lower the heat conductivity coefficient of the material is. The defects, solid solution atoms or precipitated phases in the metal crystal lattice can cause lattice distortion to cause the change of the electric field period, thereby increasing the scattering probability of free electrons, reducing the mean free path of the electrons and causing the reduction of the heat conduction and the electric conduction of the alloy. Therefore, the main method for improving the thermal conductivity of the aluminum-silicon alloy is to reduce the lattice distortion of the aluminum matrix by reducing the number of solid solution atoms in the aluminum matrix, so as to reduce the probability of scattering free electrons in the crystal of the aluminum matrix, and meanwhile, the number and the shape of second phases such as eutectic silicon and the like can also influence the heat dissipation of the free electrons, for example, an aluminum alloy material with 0-4% of silicon content cannot form a complete network-wrapped aluminum crystal grain due to the fact that the number of silicon phases with poor electrical conductivity is small, and electrons can conduct heat and electricity through the direct connection between the aluminum matrices; in the aluminum alloy material with the silicon content of about 6-8%, the unmodified coarse needle sheet-shaped eutectic silicon phase forms a network shape in the aluminum matrix grain boundary to wrap the matrix aluminum crystal grains, so that the electric conduction and the heat conduction are obviously hindered, but when the shape of the eutectic silicon is changed into a fine fiber shape after modification, the hindering effect is obviously reduced, and the heat conductivity and the electric conductivity of the material are greatly improved; in the aluminum alloy material with the silicon content of about 9-12%, because the quantity of eutectic silicon is too much, the overall heat conductivity coefficient of the material is difficult to reach more than 160W/m.K even through modification.
In addition, different elements are dissolved in the aluminum matrix to different degrees, wherein the solid solution of Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like obviously damages the heat conduction and the electric conduction of the aluminum, and when the elements are dissolved in the aluminum matrix, the elements can strongly absorb free electrons in the aluminum matrix for filling an incomplete electron layer of the Cr, Mn, V and Ti, thereby leading to reduction of the free electrons for the heat conduction and the electric conduction. In the solid solution state, the detrimental effect of every 1% (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) on the electrical conductivity is 5 times that of every 1% of silicon on the electrical conductivity of aluminum, so that the Cr + Mn + V + Ti content in the aluminum alloy requiring high thermal conductivity is less than 0.01%. On the other hand, because copper, magnesium and zinc elements have a significant improvement effect on the strength of cast aluminum alloy and are commonly used additive elements for industrial aluminum alloy, but the electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy is very sensitive to copper in a solid solution state, the electric conductivity is obviously reduced by more than 1% of copper content, the electric conductivity is much retarded by magnesium and zinc, the influence of the elements such as copper, magnesium and zinc out of the solid solution on the electric conductivity is very small unless second phases formed by the alloy elements out of the solid solution are in a coarse lamellar shape, and therefore in the aluminum alloy material containing the elements such as copper and the like, the content and the proportion of the relevant elements are strictly controlled, and proper die casting process parameters are selected to enable the elements to exist in the material in a fine second phase form as far as possible, so that the effect of improving the strength of the aluminum alloy material can be exerted, and the damage to the heat conduction and electric conductivity can be minimized.
The invention relates to a high-heat-conductivity high-strength die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6-8 wt% of silicon, 0.3-0.7 wt% of magnesium, 0.2-0.6 wt% of zinc, 0.4-0.8 wt% of copper, 0.4-0.8 wt% of iron, 0.02-0.06 wt% of strontium, 0.2-0.4 wt% of mixed rare earth (lanthanum: cerium: 1: 2-2.5), 0.01-0.03 wt% of B, Cr + Mn + V + Ti with the content less than 0.02%, the sum of other unavoidable impurity elements is not more than 0.1 wt%, and the balance of aluminum.
The high-heat-conductivity high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention is mainly added with alloy elements including Si, Cu, Mg, Zn and Fe, and is added with trace Re (La and Ce mixed rare earth, La: Ce is 1: 2-2.5) and B, Sr elements according to the mass ratio. The silicon content is controlled to be 6-8 wt%, the fluidity and the solidification shrinkage rate of the aluminum-silicon alloy can meet the requirements of a common die-casting process, meanwhile, 0.3-0.7% of Mg, 0.2-0.6% of Zn and 0.4-0.8% of Cu are added, the strength of the material can be obviously improved, and in addition, the proportioning relation among Si, Mg, Cu and Zn four elements is an important factor for realizing high heat conductivity and high strength at the same time; specifically, two main cases are:
1. for the situation that the thermal conductivity is required to be more than 180W/m.K and the yield strength is required to be more than 140MPa in the cast state, the relation is that the content of Si and Mg is 6.5-8.0%, and the ratio of Mg: the mass ratio of Zn is 1: 1-1: 1.3, the content of Mg + Zn + Cu is not more than 1.3% (otherwise, excessive solid solution elements can cause the as-cast state thermal conductivity to not reach 180W/m.K), and the preferable combination meeting the requirements is as follows: 6.5% of Si, Mg: 0.3%, Zn 0.3%, Cu: 0.7 percent.
2. For the case of thermal conductivity more than 180W/mK and yield strength more than 220MPa after short-time aging heat treatment (such as 225 ℃ and 3 hours) by using T5, the relationship is that the content of Si and Mg is 6.5-8.0%, Mg: 0.4-0.6%, the mass ratio of Mg to Zn is 1: 1-1: 1.5, the content of Mg + Zn + Cu is less than 1.5%, and the preferable combination meeting the requirements is as follows: 6.5% of Si, Mg: 0.45%, Zn: 0.55%, Cu: 0.5 percent.
Fe. The action and control requirements of elements such as Re, B, Sr and the like are as follows:
the Fe element is added mainly for preventing die sticking during die casting, and experimental researches show that the die sticking relieving effect is not obvious when the iron content is lower than 0.4 percent, and the thermal conductivity is obviously reduced when the iron content is higher than 1 percent, so that the content of the Fe element is controlled to be 0.4-0.8 percent by weight.
The B element is added by utilizing the capability of combining with the impurity elements commonly seen in the aluminum alloys of Ti, V, Cr and the like to form TiB2、V2B3、Cr2B and high-melting-point refractory boride are precipitated, so that the impurity elements are converted from a solid solution state in an aluminum matrix to a precipitation state of the boride, and the damage of the impurity elements to the thermal conductivity is eliminated.
Adding mixed rare earth Re, wherein the mixed rare earth comprises two elements of lanthanum and cerium, and the proportion is that lanthanum: cerium is 1:2 to 2.5. La is obvious to the purifying effect of base member in certain content, can promote the heat conductivity, and Ce is mainly obvious to intensity promotion effect and is very little to the adverse effect of heat conductivity simultaneously. On one hand, the mixed rare earth is added into the melt to generate LaB by utilizing the preferential reaction of La and the residual B in the melt6On the other hand, La is used as an active rare earth element and can also react with elements such as aluminum Si, Fe and the like to generate a La-Si-Fe compound, so that the solid solution of Si and Fe in an aluminum matrix is reduced, and the intragranular structure is further purified, thereby improving the heat-conducting property. And the supplement of cerium Ce is mainly used for refining grains and improving the strength of the material.
Finally, Sr is added to modify the eutectic silicon to change the eutectic silicon from a sheet shape to a fine fiber shape, so that the heat conductivity is obviously improved. However, for the aluminum alloy material in the invention, the heat preservation needs to be carried out for about 20 minutes after the strontium is added, an incubation period is provided for the reaction, but the die casting is finished within 4 hours after the strontium is added, otherwise the deterioration effect of the strontium is seriously attenuated after the strontium is added for more than 4 hours, the heat conductivity will be reduced, if the Sr loss is serious due to long-time heat preservation, the Sr needs to be added again before the die casting.
The content of impurity elements such as Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like is strictly controlled, solid solution of the elements such as Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like has obvious damage to the heat conduction and the electric conduction of the aluminum, and free electrons in the aluminum matrix are strongly absorbed by the solid solution of the elements such as Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like when the elements are in solid solution in the aluminum matrix for filling the incomplete electron layer of Cr, Mn, V and Ti, so that the amount of the free electrons for the heat conduction and the electric conduction is reduced. In the solid solution state, the detrimental effect of every 1% (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) on the electrical conductivity is 5 times that of every 1% of silicon on the electrical conductivity of aluminum, so that the Cr + Mn + V + Ti content in the aluminum alloy requiring high thermal conductivity is less than 0.01%.
According to the principle, the invention provides a high-heat-conductivity high-strength cast aluminum silicon alloy.
1. For the situation that the thermal conductivity is required to be more than 180W/m.K and the yield strength is required to be more than 140MPa in the cast state, the relation is that the content of Si and Mg is 6.5-8.0%, and the ratio of Mg: the mass ratio of Zn is 1: 1-1: 1.3, the content of Mg + Zn + Cu is not more than 1.3% (otherwise, excessive solid solution elements can cause the as-cast state thermal conductivity to not reach 180W/m.K), and the preferable combination meeting the requirements is as follows: 6.5% of Si, Mg: 0.3%, Zn 0.3%, Cu: 0.7%, Fe: 0.5%, B:0.02 percent, 0.2 percent of Re and 0.03 percent of Sr.
2. For the case of thermal conductivity more than 180W/mK and yield strength more than 220MPa after short-time aging heat treatment (such as 225 ℃ and 3 hours) by using T5, the relationship is that the content of Si and Mg is 6.5-8.0%, Mg: 0.4-0.7%, the mass ratio of Mg to Zn is 1: 1-1: 1.5, the content of Mg + Zn + Cu is less than 1.5%, and the preferable combination meeting the requirements is as follows: 6.5% of Si, Mg: 0.45%, Zn: 0.55%, Cu: 0.5%, Fe 0.7%, B: 0.03 percent, 0.2 percent of Re and 0.03 percent of Sr.
The invention provides a method for preparing the high-heat-conductivity high-strength cast aluminum alloy. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
1) preparing materials: according to the set chemical composition, weighing industrial pure aluminum, Al-Si20 intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, pure zinc, Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, Al-20Fe intermediate alloy and AlB according to the metering ratio3The intermediate alloy, the Al-Sr intermediate alloy, the Al-Re intermediate alloy, the aluminum deslagging, degassing and refining agent and the like, and the alloy and the raw materials are dried for later use;
2) melting an aluminum ingot: putting an industrial pure aluminum ingot preheated to 150-180 ℃ into a smelting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 760-780 ℃, adding a deslagging agent accounting for 0.4-0.5% of the mass of the aluminum ingot after melting, stirring for 20-25 minutes by using a graphite rod, and preserving heat for 20-25 minutes after deslagging;
3) smelting and melt purification: cooling the melt obtained in the step 2) to 740-745 ℃, adding Al-Si20 intermediate alloy and Al-20Fe intermediate alloy, cooling to 720-725 ℃ after the melt is completely melted, manually stirring for 5-6 minutes to make the components uniform, adding Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, cooling to 690-700 ℃ after the melt is melted, adding magnesium and zinc, manually stirring for 5-6 minutes after the melt is melted, standing for 10-15 minutes, removing bottom sediment and surface scum with a filter screen, and then adding AlB into the melt3The method comprises the following steps of manually stirring an intermediate alloy for 5-6 minutes, standing for 20-25 minutes after melting, removing bottom sediments and surface scum with a filter screen, adding an Al-Re intermediate alloy into a melt, manually stirring for 5-6 minutes, cooling to 690-695 ℃ after melting, standing for 10-15 minutes, removing the bottom sediments and the surface scum with the filter screen, uniformly throwing an aluminum sodium-free covering agent on the surface of the melt according to an area reference dosage of 1 kg/square meter, wrapping an aluminum refining agent with a pure aluminum foil, then plugging the aluminum refining agent into a graphite bell jar, wherein the dosage of the refining agent is 0.2-0.5 mass percent of the mass of aluminum liquid to be treated, pressing the bell jar into the deep part of the aluminum liquid, horizontally moving the bell jar to various parts in the furnace, carrying out aluminum liquid rolling in the reaction for 4-6 minutes, and finishing the reaction, wherein the aluminum liquid is stirred for 4-6 minutesThen, floating slag and bottom sediment are fished clean by a filter screen or a slag spoon; after slagging is finished, reducing the temperature of the melt to 680-685 ℃, protecting the melt by using inert gas argon, adding an Al-Sr intermediate alloy, pressing the intermediate alloy into the bottom of a smelting furnace for melting, uniformly stirring the melt after melting, standing for 10-15 minutes, carrying out component analysis before the furnace, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and enabling the component content of the melt with unqualified component content to reach the qualified range by a material supplementing or diluting mode;
4) degassing: heating the melt in the step 3) to 700-720 ℃, introducing argon for 5-10 minutes for degassing, skimming after degassing, standing for 10-20 minutes, and waiting for die casting;
5) die casting: and (3) die-casting the melt obtained in the step 4), controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 680-690 ℃, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 220-250 ℃, introducing cooling water after the mold is normal, pressing the molten aluminum into a mold cavity, and controlling the injection speed to be 1.5-4.5 m/s and the casting pressure to be 80-150 MPa.
Example 1
The high-thermal-conductivity and high-strength cast aluminum alloy of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.5 percent of Si and 0.5 percent of Fe; 0.3 percent of Mg, 0.3 percent of Zn and 0.6 percent of Cu; 0.02 percent of B, 0.02 percent of Sr, 0.2 percent of Re, less than 0.01 percent of Cr + Mn + V + Ti and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity high-strength cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: weighing industrial pure aluminum, Al-Si20 intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, pure zinc, Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, Al-20Fe intermediate alloy, AlB3 intermediate alloy, Al-Sr intermediate alloy, Al-Re intermediate alloy, aluminum deslagging, degassing and refining agent and the like according to the set chemical components according to the metering ratio, and drying the alloys and the raw materials for later use;
2) melting an aluminum ingot: putting an industrial pure aluminum ingot preheated to 170 ℃ into a smelting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 760 ℃, adding a deslagging agent accounting for 0.4 percent of the mass of the aluminum ingot after melting, stirring for 20 minutes by using a graphite rod, deslagging and preserving heat for 20 minutes;
3) smelting and melt purification: cooling the melt obtained in the step 2) to 740 ℃, adding Al-Si20 intermediate alloy,Cooling to 720 ℃ after the Al-20Fe intermediate alloy is completely melted, manually stirring for 5 minutes to ensure that the components are uniform, adding the Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, cooling to 690 ℃ after the Al-20Fe intermediate alloy is melted, adding magnesium and zinc, manually stirring for 5 minutes after the Al-50Cu intermediate alloy is melted, standing for 10 minutes, removing bottom sediment and surface scum by using a filter screen, adding AlB into the melt3The method comprises the following steps of (1) manually stirring an intermediate alloy for 5 minutes, standing for 20 minutes after melting, removing bottom sediment and surface scum with a filter screen, adding an Al-Re intermediate alloy into a melt, manually stirring for 5 minutes, standing for 10 minutes after melting, removing the bottom sediment and the surface scum with the filter screen, uniformly throwing an aluminum sodium-free covering agent on the surface of the melt according to an area reference dosage of 1 kg/square meter, wrapping an aluminum refining agent with a pure aluminum foil, filling the aluminum refining agent into a graphite bell jar, wherein the dosage of the refining agent is 0.5 mass percent of the mass of aluminum liquid to be treated, pressing the bell jar into a deep part, is about 10 centimeters away from a furnace bottom, horizontally moving the bell jar to each part in the furnace, rolling the aluminum liquid during reaction, wherein the reaction time is about 5 minutes, and fishing the scum and the bottom sediment with the filter screen or a scum spoon after the reaction is finished; after slagging is finished, reducing the temperature of the melt to 685 ℃, protecting the melt by using argon as an inert gas, adding an Al-Sr intermediate alloy, pressing the intermediate alloy into the bottom of a smelting furnace for melting, uniformly stirring the melt after melting, standing for 10 minutes, carrying out stokehold component analysis, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and enabling the component content of the melt with unqualified component content to reach the qualified range in a material supplementing or diluting way;
4) degassing: heating the melt in the step 3) to 700 ℃, introducing argon for 10 minutes for degassing, skimming after degassing, and standing for 10 minutes for pressure casting;
5) die casting: and (3) carrying out die casting on the melt obtained in the step 4), controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 685 ℃ and the temperature of a die to be 220-250 ℃, introducing cooling water after the die is normal, pressing the molten aluminum into a die cavity of the die, and controlling the injection speed to be 4.5m/s and the casting pressure to be 150 MPa.
FIG. 1 is a 100-fold photograph of the metallographic structure of a cast aluminum alloy according to example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the metallographic structure of the material consists of a matrix alpha-Al and a eutectic Si phase, and the related structure is fine and uniform in size and distribution, so that the overall thermal conductivity and strength of the material are improved.
FIG. 2 is a 1000-fold photograph of the metallographic structure of the cast aluminum alloy according to example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the metallographic structure of the alloy consists of a matrix alpha-Al and a eutectic Si phase, and the eutectic silicon is in a fine granular shape, which shows that the modification effect is good.
Components of examples 2 to 6 are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 1
TABLE 1 (mass fraction wt%)
TABLE 2 as-cast Properties
Therefore, the invention controls the aspects of component control, metamorphism, melt purification, die casting process and the like, and leads the material to achieve high thermal conductivity.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-heat-conductivity high-strength cast aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: si: 6-8 wt%, Mg:0.3 to 0.7wt%, Zn: 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, Cu: 0.4 to 0.8 wt%, Fe: 0.4 to 0.8 wt%, Sr: 0.02-0.06 wt%, mixed rare earth Re: 0.2-0.4 wt%, B: 0.01-0.03 wt%, Cr, Mn, V, Ti content less than 0.02wt%, the balance of unavoidable impurity elements and the balance of aluminum.
2. The cast aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity and high strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of La to Ce in the mischmetal Re is 1: 2-2.5.
3. A high thermal conductivity high strength cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said unavoidable impurity elements add up to not more than 0.1 wt%.
4. The cast aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity and high strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total content of Si and Mg is 6.5-8.0 wt%.
5. The cast aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity and high strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total content of Mg and Zn is 0.6-1.2 wt%, and the mass ratio of Mg to Zn is 1: 1-1: 1.5.
6. The cast aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity and high strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total content of Mg, Zn and Cu is less than 1.3wt%, and the total content of Mg, Zn and Cu is less than 1.5wt% after T5 heat treatment.
7. The cast aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity and high strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Fe content is controlled to 0.5 wt%.
8. The cast aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity and high strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total content of Si and Mg is 6.5-8.0 wt%, the mass ratio of Mg to Zn is 1: 1-1: 1.3, and the total content of Mg, Zn and Cu is not more than 1.3 wt%.
9. The cast aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity and high strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the short-time aging heat treatment of T5, the total content of Si and Mg is 6.5-8.0 wt%, Mg is 0.4-0.7 wt%, the mass ratio of Mg to Zn is 1: 1-1: 1.5, and the total content of Mg, Zn and Cu is less than 1.5 wt%.
10. The preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-strength cast aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
1) preparing materials: according to the set chemical composition, weighing industrial pure aluminum, Al-Si20 intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, pure zinc, Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, Al-20Fe intermediate alloy and AlB according to the metering ratio3The intermediate alloy, the Al-Sr intermediate alloy, the Al-Re intermediate alloy, the aluminum deslagging, degassing and refining agent and the like, and the alloy and the raw materials are dried for later use;
2) melting an aluminum ingot: putting an industrial pure aluminum ingot preheated to 150-180 ℃ into a smelting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 760-780 ℃, adding a deslagging agent accounting for 0.4-0.5% of the mass of the aluminum ingot after melting, stirring for 20-25 minutes by using a graphite rod, and preserving heat for 20-25 minutes after deslagging;
3) smelting and melt purification: cooling the melt obtained in the step 2) to 740-745 ℃, adding Al-Si20 intermediate alloy and Al-20Fe intermediate alloy, cooling to 720-725 ℃ after the melt is completely melted, manually stirring for 5-6 minutes to make the components uniform, adding Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, cooling to 690-700 ℃ after the melt is melted, adding magnesium and zinc, manually stirring for 5-6 minutes after the melt is melted, standing for 10-15 minutes, removing bottom sediment and surface scum with a filter screen, and then adding AlB into the melt3The method comprises the steps of manually stirring master alloy for 5-6 minutes, standing for 20-25 minutes after melting, removing bottom sediments and surface scum with a filter screen, adding Al-Re master alloy into a melt, manually stirring for 5-6 minutes, cooling to 690-695 ℃ after melting, standing for 10-15 minutes, removing the bottom sediments and the surface scum with the filter screen, uniformly throwing aluminum sodium-free covering agents on the surface of the melt according to area reference consumption of 1 kg/square meter, wrapping aluminum refining agents with pure aluminum foils, and then filling into a graphite clockIn the cover, the dosage of a refining agent is 0.2-0.5% of the mass of the aluminum liquid to be treated by mass, the bell jar is pressed into the depth of the aluminum liquid and is about 10 cm away from the bottom of the furnace, the bell jar is horizontally moved to each place in the furnace, the aluminum liquid rolls in the reaction, the reaction time is about 4-6 minutes, and after the reaction is finished, floating slag and bottom sediment are fished clean by a filter screen or a slag ladle; after slagging is finished, reducing the temperature of the melt to 680-685 ℃, protecting the melt by using inert gas argon, adding an Al-Sr intermediate alloy, pressing the intermediate alloy into the bottom of a smelting furnace for melting, uniformly stirring the melt after melting, standing for 10-15 minutes, carrying out component analysis before the furnace, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and enabling the component content of the melt with unqualified component content to reach the qualified range by a material supplementing or diluting mode;
4) degassing: heating the melt in the step 3) to 700-720 ℃, introducing argon for 5-10 minutes for degassing, skimming after degassing, standing for 10-20 minutes, and waiting for die casting;
5) die casting: and (3) die-casting the melt obtained in the step 4), controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 680-690 ℃, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 220-250 ℃, introducing cooling water after the mold is normal, pressing the molten aluminum into a mold cavity, and controlling the injection speed to be 1.5-4.5 m/s and the casting pressure to be 80-150 MPa.
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