CN112662920B - High-thermal-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-thermal-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy with high heat conductivity and high toughness and a preparation method thereof. The high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 11-13 wt%; fe: 0.15-0.5 wt%; co: 0.2-0.65 wt%; sr: 0.02-0.08 wt%; b: 0.03-0.1 wt%; la: 0.01 to 0.18 wt%; zn: 0.05-0.5 wt%; the content of inevitable impurities is less than 0.15 percent; the balance being Al. Wherein the mass ratio of Co to Fe is 0.9-1.2: 1. according to the invention, by adding the alloy element Si, the auxiliary addition of Fe, Co and Zn, and the addition of trace B, La and Sr, the aluminum-silicon alloy has a narrower solidification interval, the melt has excellent fluidity, the toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy is obviously improved, and the prepared aluminum-silicon alloy has higher thermal conductivity and toughness, so that the aluminum-silicon alloy can be applied to the industries of communication, automobiles, photovoltaic and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of modern industry, the heat dissipation capacity of the industries such as communication, automobiles, photovoltaic and the like is increased, and the requirement on the heat conductivity of materials is increased. Among them, in the application of the 5G communication technology, the power and the heat generation amount of the 5G communication base station are greatly improved compared with the conventional 4G communication base station. In the automobile industry, especially in the new energy pure electric automobile, the heat dissipation of the battery and the power element is more related to the product safety. The rapid popularization of photovoltaic power generation has higher and higher requirements on the heat dissipation capacity of the photovoltaic inverter. For example, products such as photovoltaic inverters and communication base stations need to be installed in severe outdoor environments and other areas, the sealing performance of the products often needs to meet the level above IP67, high sealing performance may cause high-temperature and high-pressure environments to appear in the shell under extreme working conditions, and therefore the die-casting aluminum alloy heat dissipation shell is required to have good toughness, so that the pressure is released through sufficient deformation under the explosive impact load, namely, the ductile fracture is avoided, and the brittle fracture is avoided. This high requirement for toughness is also not met by these conventional die-cast aluminum alloys. In addition, the inverter housing and the communication die casting are generally complex in structure, have a large number of complex thin-wall radiating teeth, high-low bosses and deep cavity structures, are large in size, and have high requirements on casting fluidity of die casting materials.
However, the thermal conductivity of the existing die-casting aluminum alloy is generally 90-150W/(m.K), and the most widely used aluminum alloy such as ADC12 aluminum alloy has excellent die-casting manufacturability, but the thermal conductivity is only 96W/(m.K), and the elongation is only 1%. The thermal conductivity of the ENAC-44300 in an as-cast state can reach 130-160W/(m.K), but the elongation is only 1% -2%. The thermal conductivity of these conventional die-cast aluminum alloys has not been able to meet the above-mentioned requirements for high heat dissipation density, high power products. At present, the aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) series die-casting aluminum alloy commonly used in the industry has the flowability improved along with the increase of the silicon content, and the flowability is the best when the silicon content is close to the eutectic composition, but the thermal conductivity of the alloy is reduced at the same time, so that the high thermal conductivity and the good forming performance are difficult to be considered simultaneously.
Therefore, the die-casting aluminum alloy material with high thermal conductivity and high toughness has important application value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problems that the existing die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy has poor thermal conductivity and toughness and cannot meet the application requirements in the fields of communication, automobiles and photovoltaics, and provides the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy with high thermal conductivity and high toughness and the preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
si: 11-13 wt%; fe: 0.15-0.5 wt%; co: 0.2-0.65 wt%; sr: 0.02-0.08 wt%; b: 0.03-0.1 wt%; la: 0.01 to 0.18 wt%; zn: 0.05-0.5 wt%; the content of inevitable impurities is less than 0.15 percent; the balance being Al.
Further, the inevitable impurities include elements of Cr, Mn, V and Ti, and the total amount does not exceed 0.01 wt%.
Further, the mass ratio of Co to Fe is 0.9-1.2: 1.
further, the mass ratio of La to B is 2.1-2.4.
The die casting fluidity of the aluminum-silicon alloy is mainly influenced by the content of silicon, and different silicon contents can influence the width of a solid-liquid phase interval of the alloy so as to influence the fluidity of a melt. Therefore, the silicon content is controlled to be near the eutectic point of 11-13 wt%, the aluminum-silicon alloy can have a narrow solidification interval, the fluidity of the melt is obviously improved, the aluminum-silicon alloy is ensured to have good casting forming performance and low hot cracking tendency, and the aluminum-silicon alloy can be formed into complex thin-walled parts through a die casting process. The plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy is mainly influenced by the shapes of eutectic silicon and impurity phases (such as iron-rich phase). When eutectic silicon or impurity phase exists in a thick needle sheet shape, a local area of a phase interface of the eutectic silicon or impurity phase and an aluminum matrix can have serious stress concentration, so that cracks are easy to initiate, therefore, the improvement of the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy requires that the eutectic silicon is changed into a fine fiber shape from the thick needle sheet shape to reduce the stress concentration caused by the eutectic silicon, and the eutectic silicon or impurity phase should be prevented from growing into a thick sheet-shaped beta phase.
The thermal conductivity of the aluminum-silicon alloy corresponds to the electrical conductivity, free electrons in the metal are conductive media and are also the most main heat energy conduction media, and the electrical conductivity coefficient and the thermal conductivity of the metal correspond to each other. This correspondence can be described by the wedlman-franz law (WFL), i.e.:
in the formula: λ is the thermal conductivity, δ is the electrical conductivity, L is the lorentz constant, and for aluminum L ═ 2.2 × 10W · K, T is the absolute temperature.
The defects, solid solution atoms or precipitated phases in the metal crystal lattice can cause lattice distortion to cause the change of the electric field period, thereby increasing the scattering probability of free electrons, reducing the mean free path of the electrons and causing the reduction of the heat conduction and the electric conduction of the alloy. Therefore, the main method for improving the thermal conductivity of the aluminum-silicon alloy is to reduce the lattice distortion of the aluminum matrix by reducing the number of solid solution atoms in the aluminum matrix, further reduce the probability of scattering free electrons in the crystal of the aluminum matrix, influence the heat dissipation of the free electrons by the shape of the eutectic silicon, reduce the probability of scattering the free electrons when the eutectic silicon is changed from a thick sheet shape to a thin and small fiber shape, and improve the thermal conductivity of the material.
In aluminum-silicon alloys, solid solutions of elements such as Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like have obvious damage to the heat conduction and the electric conduction of aluminum, so that the content of impurity elements such as Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like is strictly controlled. When Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like are dissolved in a solid solution in the aluminum matrix, free electrons in the aluminum matrix are strongly absorbed for filling the incomplete electron layers of Cr, Mn, V, Ti, thereby resulting in a reduction in free electrons for heat conduction and electric conduction. In a solid solution state, the harmful effect of every 1 percent (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) on the conductivity is 5 times of the harmful effect of every 1 percent of silicon on the conductivity of aluminum, so the content of Cr + Mn + V + Ti is controlled to be less than 0.01 percent, thereby obtaining the aluminum-silicon alloy with high conductivity, the thermal conductivity is increased when the conductivity coefficient is increased, and the heat conductivity of the aluminum-silicon alloy is enhanced.
The Fe element is added mainly for preventing die sticking during die casting, although the Fe element has no obvious influence on the thermal conductivity, in order to ensure that the material obtains high plasticity, the content of the Fe element is still strictly controlled to be 0.15-0.5 wt%, preferably 0.2-0.5 wt%, so that the excessive Fe element is prevented from forming a coarse needle sheet-shaped beta phase, and severe cracking is generated on an aluminum matrix so as to reduce the toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy. In order to reduce the harm of Fe element to plasticity, 0.3-0.5% of Mn is commonly added into the aluminum alloy to neutralize the harm of Fe element in industrial application, but the Mn element can seriously reduce the heat-conducting property of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, the invention creatively adopts the Co element to neutralize the harm of the Fe element. A large number of experiments prove that Co is an excellent neutralizer of iron, and can improve the toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy after being added, but has no obvious influence on the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy. Co prevents Fe from forming harmful acicular beta phases, and Co also does not combine with silicon, so fewer additional phases are formed. Co element is preferably added into the aluminum alloy according to the ratio of Co/Fe of 0.9-1.2 to realize the neutralization of the harm to the iron element and improve the toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy.
The Zn element is added in a proper amount to improve the strength of the material so as to meet the requirement of wider application.
The B element is added by utilizing the capability of combining with the impurity elements commonly seen in the aluminum alloys of Ti, V, Cr and the like to form TiB2、V2B3、Cr2B and high-melting-point refractory boride are precipitated, so that the impurity elements are converted from a solid solution state in an aluminum matrix to a precipitation state of the boride, and the damage of the impurity elements to the thermal conductivity is eliminated.
The La element is added for the purpose of utilizingLa preferentially reacts with the remaining B in the melt to form LaB6On the other hand, La is used as an active rare earth element and can also react with elements such as Si, Fe and the like to generate a La-Si-Fe compound, so that the solid solution of Si and Fe in an aluminum matrix is reduced, and the intragranular structure is further purified, thereby improving the heat-conducting property.
In addition, through a great deal of research, the comprehensive performance of the thermal conductivity and the elongation of the material is the best when the mass ratio of La to B is between 2.1 and 2.4 under the condition that other components are not changed. When the mass ratio of La to B is less than 2.1, both the thermal conductivity and the elongation decrease, and the elongation decrease is more significant, and the smaller the ratio, the more severe the thermal conductivity and the elongation decrease. When the mass ratio of La to B is more than 2.4, the thermal conductivity decreases significantly with increasing ratio, but the elongation does not change significantly. Therefore, the invention limits the mass ratio of La to B to 2.1-2.4, thereby obtaining higher thermal conductivity and elongation.
The purpose of the last addition of Sr is to modify the eutectic silicon from flake to fine fiber. The principle is that after strontium element is added into aluminum-silicon alloy, strontium is adsorbed on a growth step of silicon in the crystallization process, and the accumulation order of silicon atoms is changed, so that a large number of twin crystals are generated in silicon crystal, the difference between the growth speed of the eutectic silicon {111} crystal plane in the thickness direction and the growth speed of the eutectic silicon {111} crystal plane in the lateral direction is greatly reduced by the twin crystals, and the growth mode of the eutectic silicon is changed from anisotropy when no strontium is contained into an isotropic mode to grow into fine fibers. The fibrous transformation of the eutectic silicon reduces the cutting and stress concentration of the aluminum matrix, thereby being beneficial to greatly improving the elongation of the aluminum-silicon alloy and improving the heat conductivity. But the strontium content should be strictly controlled to be 0.02-0.08 wt%, because the modification effect is not obvious when the strontium content is too low, and hydrogen is introduced into the aluminum liquid when the strontium content is too high, so that the pores of the aluminum-silicon alloy are increased, and the toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy is reduced.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the components and the proportion of the high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy, weighing industrial pure aluminum, crystalline silicon, Al-10Co intermediate alloy, pure zinc, Al-20Fe intermediate alloy, Al-3B intermediate alloy, Al-Sr intermediate alloy and Al-La intermediate alloy according to the metering ratio;
(2) putting industrial pure aluminum preheated to 150-180 ℃ into a smelting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 760-780 ℃, adding a deslagging agent accounting for 0.4% of the mass of the aluminum ingot after melting, stirring for 20 minutes by using a graphite rod, and preserving heat for 20 minutes after deslagging;
(3) cooling the melt in the step (2) to 750 ℃, adding crystalline silicon, Al-20Fe intermediate alloy and Al-10Co intermediate alloy, cooling to 720 ℃ after all the melt is melted, adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, standing for 10 minutes, removing bottom sediment and surface scum, adding Al-La intermediate alloy into the melt, cooling to 680-700 ℃ after the melt is completely melted, standing for 10 minutes, removing the bottom sediment and the surface scum, protecting the melt with inert gas, adding pure zinc and Al-Sr intermediate alloy, and pressing the pure zinc and Al-Sr intermediate alloy into the bottom of a smelting furnace for melting;
(4) heating the melt in the step (3) to 710-720 ℃, weighing a sodium-free powdery refining agent according to the proportion of 1-2 per mill of the total amount of the furnace charge, performing blowing refining, skimming after refining for 5-10 minutes, and standing for 10-20 minutes;
(5) and (4) performing die casting on the melt obtained in the step (4), controlling the furnace temperature at 660-700 ℃, controlling the mold temperature at 170-220 ℃, introducing cooling water after the mold is normal, pressing the aluminum liquid into a mold cavity, and controlling the injection speed at 0.5-4 m/s and the casting pressure at 80-150 MPa.
Wherein, in the step (1), the method also comprises the steps of cleaning and drying the weighed raw materials. In the step (3), the method also comprises the step of performing stokehole composition analysis on the melt after all materials are added and melted. The steps of the stokehole component analysis are as follows: sampling in the melt, cooling to room temperature, analyzing chemical components, calculating and adding corresponding raw materials by taking alloy element components as targets, and enabling the melt components and the proportion to reach the designed range.
In the preparation of aluminum-silicon alloy, the adding time of alloy elements is strictly controlled. After the aluminum ingot is melted, firstly adding Al-20Fe intermediate alloy and Al-10Co intermediate alloy, and waiting for meltingAfter partial melting, adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, fully stirring uniformly and standing to ensure that B can fully react with impurity elements such as Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like in the melt to generate CrB2、TiB2、VB2And MnB2And the compounds are stood and precipitated to the bottom, so that the harmful precipitates are discharged out of the melt, and the heat-conducting property of the aluminum-silicon alloy is improved. After the step of removing the impurity elements such as Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like is completed, adding Al-La intermediate alloy to react La with the residual B in the melt to generate LaB6The poisoning effect between the residual B and the subsequently added Sr is prevented, the solid solution of Si and Fe in an aluminum matrix is reduced, and the intragranular structure is further purified, so that the heat conduction performance is improved. Finally, pure zinc and Al-Sr intermediate alloy are added to improve the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy is mainly added with an alloy element Si, is added with Fe, Co and Zn as auxiliary elements, and is added with trace B, La and Sr elements. The content of silicon is controlled to be 11-13 wt%, so that the aluminum-silicon alloy has a narrow solidification interval, the melt has excellent fluidity, and the aluminum-silicon alloy is ensured to have good casting forming performance and low hot cracking tendency, so that the aluminum-silicon alloy can be formed into complex thin-walled parts through a die-casting process. The harm of Fe element is neutralized by adding Co element, so that the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is not influenced, the toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy can be obviously improved, the prepared aluminum-silicon alloy has higher heat conductivity and toughness, and the application in the industries of communication, automobiles, photovoltaic and the like is met.
2. The high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy has the highest tensile strength of 254MPa, the highest elongation of 12.8 percent and the highest heat conductivity of 179W/(m.K), and has higher heat conductivity and higher toughness.
3. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the aluminum ingot is melted firstly, the Al-20Fe intermediate alloy and the Al-10Co intermediate alloy are added, and then the Al-3B intermediate alloy, the Al-La intermediate alloy, the pure zinc and the Al-Sr intermediate alloy are sequentially added, so that all the components can fully participate in the reaction, harmful impurities in the melt are effectively removed, the burning loss of raw materials is reduced, the preparation time of the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy is shortened, and the preparation cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12.6 percent; fe: 0.5 percent; co: 0.5 percent; sr: 0.02 percent; b: 0.08 percent; la: 0.16 percent; zn: 0.5 percent; the content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is less than 0.01 percent, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the set chemical components, weighing industrial pure aluminum, crystalline silicon, Al-10Co intermediate alloy, pure zinc, Al-20Fe intermediate alloy, Al-3B intermediate alloy, Al-Sr intermediate alloy and Al-La intermediate alloy according to the metering ratio. And cleaning and drying the alloy for later use.
(2) Putting the industrial pure aluminum preheated to 150 ℃ into a smelting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 780 ℃, adding a deslagging agent accounting for 0.4 percent of the mass of the aluminum ingot after melting, stirring for 20 minutes by using a graphite rod, deslagging and keeping the temperature for 20 minutes.
(3) Cooling the melt in the step (2) to 750 ℃, adding crystalline silicon, Al-20Fe intermediate alloy and Al-10Co intermediate alloy, cooling to 720 ℃ after all the melt is melted, manually stirring for 5 minutes to make the components uniform, adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, manually stirring for 5 minutes, standing for 10 minutes, removing bottom sediment and surface scum by using a filter screen, then adding Al-La intermediate alloy into the melt, manually stirring for 5 minutes, cooling to 680 ℃ after the melt is finished, standing for 10 minutes, removing bottom sediment and surface scum by using the filter screen, protecting the melt by using inert gas, adding pure zinc and Al-Sr intermediate alloy, pressing the pure zinc and Al-Sr intermediate alloy into the bottom of a smelting furnace to be melted, then taking out part of the melt, carrying out chemical component analysis on the melt, taking the composition of alloy elements as a target, calculating and adding corresponding raw materials, the components and the proportion of the melt are in the designed range. And (3) feeding or diluting the melt with unqualified component content to enable the component content to reach the qualified range.
(4) And (4) heating the melt in the step (3) to 710 ℃, weighing a sodium-free powdery refining agent according to the proportion of 1 per mill of the total amount of the furnace charge, and performing blowing refining. Refining for 10 minutes, skimming and standing for 10-20 minutes;
(5) and (4) die-casting the melt obtained in the step (4), controlling the furnace temperature at 660 ℃, controlling the mold temperature at 220 ℃, introducing cooling water after the mold is normal, pressing the molten aluminum into a mold cavity, and controlling the injection speed at 2m/s and the casting pressure at 80 MPa.
Example 2
A high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12.6 percent; fe: 0.4 percent; co: 0.36 percent; sr: 0.04 percent; b: 0.06 percent; la: 0.13 percent; zn: 0.4 percent; the content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is less than 0.01 percent, and the balance is Al.
The method of manufacturing the die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
A high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12 percent; fe: 0.3 percent; co: 0.33 percent; sr: 0.03 percent; b: 0.03 percent; la: 0.09%; zn: 0.2 percent; the content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is less than 0.01 percent, and the balance is Al.
The method of manufacturing the die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy is the same as in example 1.
Example 4
A high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12 percent; fe: 0.2 percent; co: 0.24 percent; sr: 0.03 percent; b: 0.03 percent; la: 0.07 percent; zn: 0.2 percent; the content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is less than 0.01 percent, and the balance is Al.
The method of manufacturing the die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy is the same as in example 1.
Example 5
A high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11.5 percent; fe: 0.2 percent; co: 0.24 percent; sr: 0.04 percent; b: 0.03 percent; la: 0.07 percent; zn: 0.1 percent; the content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is less than 0.01 percent, and the balance is Al.
The method of manufacturing the die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy is the same as in example 1.
Example 6
A high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11.5 percent; fe: 0.2 percent; co: 0.24 percent; sr: 0.04 percent; b: 0.03 percent; la: 0.01 percent; zn: 0.1 percent; the content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is less than 0.01 percent, and the balance is Al.
The method of manufacturing the die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy is the same as in example 1.
Example 7
A high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11.5 percent; fe: 0.2 percent; co: 0.24 percent; sr: 0.04 percent; b: 0.03 percent; la: 0.12 percent; zn: 0.1 percent; the content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is less than 0.01 percent, and the balance is Al.
The method of manufacturing the die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy is the same as in example 1.
The composition of the high heat conductivity, high toughness die cast aluminum-silicon alloy in examples 1 to 7 is shown in table 1 (mass% wt%).
TABLE 1
| Component (%) | Si | Fe | Co | Sr | B | La | Zn | Cr+Mn+V+Ti | Al |
| Example 1 | 12.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.5 | ＜0.01 | Balance of |
| Example 2 | 12.6 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.4 | ＜0.01 | Balance of |
| Example 3 | 12 | 0.3 | 0.33 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.2 | ＜0.01 | Balance of |
| Example 4 | 12 | 0.2 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.2 | ＜0.01 | Balance of |
| Example 5 | 11.5 | 0.2 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.1 | ＜0.01 | Balance of |
| Example 6 | 11.5 | 0.2 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.1 | ＜0.01 | Balance of |
| Example 7 | 11.5 | 0.2 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.1 | ＜0.01 | Balance of |
The performance of the high-thermal-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy prepared in the embodiments 1 to 7 in the as-cast state is as shown in table 2 in comparison with the performance of the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy ADC12 and ENAC-44300 which are commonly used at present in the as-cast state. As can be seen from the results in table 2, the thermal conductivity and elongation of the aluminum-silicon alloy of the present invention in the as-cast state are significantly higher than those of the conventional die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy ADC12 in the as-cast state, the thermal conductivity is higher than 160W/(m · K) of the most ideal state ENAC-44300, and the elongation significantly exceeds ENAC-44300; the yield strength and tensile strength are substantially equivalent to those of ADC12 and ENAC-44300. The aluminum-silicon alloys prepared in examples 1-5 were both high in thermal conductivity and toughness. The mass ratio of La to B in example 6 was 0.33, the thermal conductivity and the elongation were both lowered as compared with examples 1 to 5, and the reduction in the elongation was more significant. In example 7, the mass ratio of La to B was 4, and the decrease in thermal conductivity was significant, but the change in elongation was not significant. In addition, the elongation and the thermal conductivity of the aluminum-silicon alloy material are improved by 10% after short-term aging at 150-200 ℃ for 3 hours, and the aluminum-silicon alloy with better thermal conductivity and toughness can be obtained through short-term aging so as to meet higher requirements.
TABLE 2
| Performance of | Yield strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Thermal conductivity (W/(m.K)) |
| Example 1 | 149 | 254 | 8.1 | 172 |
| Example 2 | 139 | 240 | 9.3 | 174 |
| Example 3 | 131 | 230 | 10.1 | 176 |
| Example 4 | 126 | 220 | 11.8 | 178 |
| Example 5 | 120 | 214 | 12.3 | 179 |
| Example 6 | 118 | 214 | 6.8 | 160 |
| Example 7 | 124 | 218 | 11.9 | 162 |
| ADC12 | 154 | 228 | 1.5 | 96 |
| ENAC-44300 | 130 | 240 | 1-2 | 130-160 |
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy with high heat conductivity and high toughness is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
si: 11-13 wt%; fe: 0.15-0.5 wt%; co: 0.2-0.65 wt%; sr: 0.02-0.08 wt%; b: 0.03-0.1 wt%; la: 0.01 to 0.18 wt%; zn: 0.05-0.5 wt%; the content of inevitable impurities is less than 0.15 percent; the balance of Al;
the inevitable impurities include elements of Cr, Mn, V and Ti, and the total amount does not exceed 0.01 wt%;
the mass ratio of Co to Fe is 0.9-1.2: 1.
2. the die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy with high thermal conductivity and high toughness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of La to B is 2.1-2.4.
3. The preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of using the components and the mixture ratio of the high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy according to claims 1-2:
(1) weighing industrial pure aluminum, crystalline silicon, Al-10Co intermediate alloy, pure zinc, Al-20Fe intermediate alloy, Al-3B intermediate alloy, Al-Sr intermediate alloy and Al-La intermediate alloy according to a set chemical component according to a metering ratio;
(2) putting industrial pure aluminum preheated to 150-180 ℃ into a smelting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 760-780 ℃, adding a deslagging agent accounting for 0.4% of the mass of the aluminum ingot after melting, stirring for 20 minutes, deslagging and keeping the temperature for 20 minutes;
(3) cooling the melt in the step (2) to 750 ℃, adding crystalline silicon, Al-20Fe intermediate alloy and Al-10Co intermediate alloy, cooling to 720 ℃ after the melt is completely melted, adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, standing for 10 minutes, and removing bottom sediment and surface scum; adding Al-La intermediate alloy into the melt, cooling to 680-700 ℃ after melting, standing for 10 minutes, removing bottom sediment and surface scum, protecting the melt with inert gas, adding pure zinc and Al-Sr intermediate alloy, and pressing the intermediate alloy into the bottom of a smelting furnace for melting;
(4) heating the melt in the step (3) to 710-720 ℃, weighing a sodium-free powdery refining agent according to the proportion of 1-2 per mill of the total amount of the furnace charge, performing blowing refining, skimming after refining for 5-10 minutes, and standing for 10-20 minutes;
(5) and (4) performing die casting on the melt obtained in the step (4), controlling the furnace temperature at 660-700 ℃, controlling the mold temperature at 170-220 ℃, introducing cooling water after the mold is normal, pressing the aluminum liquid into a mold cavity, and controlling the injection speed at 0.5-4 m/s and the casting pressure at 80-150 MPa.
4. The method for preparing the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy with high thermal conductivity and high toughness as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the method further comprises the steps of washing and drying the weighed raw materials.
5. The method for preparing the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy with high thermal conductivity and high toughness as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the method further comprises the step of analyzing the components of the melt before the furnace after all the materials are added and melted.
6. The preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-toughness die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 5, wherein the step of analyzing the components in front of the furnace specifically comprises the following steps: sampling in the melt, cooling to room temperature, analyzing chemical components, calculating and adding corresponding raw materials by taking alloy element components as targets, and enabling the melt components and the proportion to reach the designed range.
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