CN110358950B - Modification method for hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy - Google Patents
Modification method for hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modification method of hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps of: 6.000 to 12.600 percent; sr: 0.001-0.150%, La or RE: 0.020-0.122%, B: 0.001-0.150% by mass and a Sr/B mass ratio not greater than 1.351, the La/B or RE/B mass ratio being between 1-5; and preparing the balance of Al, and carrying out melting and casting through the processes of melting, refining and degassing, feeding and heat-preservation casting to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy, wherein the modification grade is 4-6 grades, and the modification effective period is 2-3 hours. The invention reduces the total charge amount of Sr, La and B by 62.3-72.5%, and the sum of the mass fractions of the modified elements is only 0.022-0.237%; the production time is reduced by 37.5-52.0%, only 60-100 minutes is needed, and the method has extremely high economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of Al-Si cast alloy, in particular to a chemical modification treatment method of Al-Si cast alloy, which is applied to the technical field of aluminum alloy smelting.
Background
For hypoeutectic Al-Si casting alloy, the mechanical properties of the casting, especially the elongation, are obviously influenced by the form, size and distribution of eutectic silicon, and for casting aluminum-silicon alloy with silicon content of more than 6%, modification treatment must be carried out, usually, modification treatment is carried out on hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy by using a chemical modification method, namely, the purpose of changing the shape and size of eutectic silicon phase is realized by adding a modifier into the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy. The commercial hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy modifier mainly comprises two modifiers of Na salt and Al-Sr intermediate alloy, and the Sr-containing modifier gradually replaces Na salt to become a main product in the market due to more environmental protection and ideal modification effect. However, when the Al-Sr alterant is used for modifying the cast aluminum-silicon alloy refined by the Al-B alloy, the modification effect is not as good as the case of adding the Al-Sr alloy alone, the grain refinement effect is poor, and the Al-Sr alloy and the Al-B alloy need to be supplemented and added for multiple times to ensure that the effective components are not lower than expected, so that the aluminum alloy has the effects of strengthening and toughening. This will undoubtedly increase the material cost and time cost of the strengthening and toughening treatment, and also will cause resource waste due to the increase of production energy consumption, which is not favorable for the construction of the resource-saving society. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain a low cost, simple process, and efficient modification method without damaging the grain refinement effect.
In recent years, rare earth elements are widely applied to the development of high-performance cast aluminum-silicon alloys, and researches show that elements such as europium Eu, lanthanum La, cerium Ce, neodymium Nd, gadolinium Gd, erbium Er, ytterbium Yb and the like in rare earth elements RE have a modification effect on eutectic silicon phases in Al-Si alloys, the rare earth elements also have a function of refining primary crystal aluminum grains, and the addition of the rare earth elements into an aluminum alloy melt is beneficial to simultaneously improving the modification effect and the grain refining effect. Modification treatment of hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by utilizing the synergistic effect of rare earth elements and Sr has become one of the main research directions, for example, a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy casting and a process method for improving the performance of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy casting in the prior art Chinese patent application No. CN201810134256.X provide a modification method of the hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy with the mass fraction of Si of 5.5-8.5% by using Er, Sb and Sr; the Chinese patent of the prior art, application number CN201711303259.3, a refining-modifying agent for hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon casting alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, provide a method for modifying by using Y and La-rich mischmetal, wherein Y accounts for 60 percent of the total mass of the mischmetal, and La-rich mischmetal accounts for 40 percent; the Chinese patent of the prior art, application number CN201410433754.6, provides a long-acting alterant for improving the electrical conductivity of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy and preparation and use methods thereof, provides a preparation and use method for preparing Al-RE-Sr alloy and practices to prepare Al-5RE-Sr alloy, uses the alterant to modify ZL101A alloy, and solidifies under electromagnetic stirring to obtain treated cast ingot. The prior art is limited by the high price and complex production or use process of Er and Y with high requirement on equipment, and is not popularized for a long time. In addition, the chinese patent of the prior art, application No. CN201410186765.9, provides a technical scheme for adding La, Ce or RE into a near-eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt containing 0.02-0.03% of Sr and 0.05-0.5% of B in order to refine primary-crystal aluminum, which shows that adding rare earth element La can improve the grain refinement effect by synergistic action with B without damaging the modification effect, but the prior art has the following technical problems:
1. the prior art is high in processing cost, the sum of the mass fractions of the modified elements added in the final product reaches 0.08-0.63%, only one element B needs to be added by 0.05-0.5%, which is far more than 0.02% of the industrial production level, so that the effective utilization rate of the modified elements is reduced, the material cost is increased, and moreover, the addition amount of a single modified element or the total addition amount of the modified elements is too large, so that the mass fractions of trace elements Sr, La and B exceed the limit of the purchase standard on the total amount of a single impurity element or impurity elements, and the alloy product is not favorable for sale and popularization;
2. the deterioration treatment process provided by the prior art has the problems of repeated cooling and heating operations, complex process, energy waste, rising production cost and the like, the total time consumption of the whole treatment process including the calculation of heating, cooling and heat preservation time is preset to be 125-plus 160 minutes, and the production efficiency has larger space for promotion;
3. in the prior art, no relevant research is carried out on whether the rare earth element La is added to improve the deterioration effect by the synergistic effect of the rare earth element La and Sr without damaging the grain refinement effect, so that the application occasions of the technology are limited;
4. recent research by the applicant shows that the influence of the mass fractions of Sr, La and B on the metamorphic effect and the grain refining effect is only a surface phenomenon, and the real decisive factors are the Sr/B mass ratio and the La/B or RE/B mass ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a modification method for hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy, trace elements Sr, La or lanthanum-rich rare earth RE are added into the cast aluminum-silicon alloy refined by Al-B alloy in the form of Al-Sr alloy, Al-La or Al-RE, so that the modification effect is improved under the synergistic action of Sr and La while the grain refinement effect is not damaged, namely the average length of the eutectic silicon phase is shorter, the average length-diameter ratio is closer to 1, and the average area is smaller, the feeding cost is reduced, the treatment process is simplified, and finally an efficient modification scheme suitable for hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy is obtained. The modification treatment method is simple and convenient, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following inventive concept:
due to numerous modification process parameters of hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy, the ordinary technicians in the field are difficult to obtain proper production parameters by adopting an exhaustion method, and serious waste of capital, scientific research resources and human resources is caused. According to research, the invention discovers that a thermodynamic experimental phase diagram at a specific production temperature is obtained, production parameters can be efficiently optimized by taking the thermodynamic experimental phase diagram as a guide, and in addition, the technical problem to be actually solved by the prior art CN201410186765.9 is that B and La or Ce or RE are utilized to carry out grain refinement treatment on cast aluminum-silicon alloy needing to be subjected to Al-Sr alloy modification, and the acting object is a primary crystal aluminum phase in an aluminum matrix; according to the invention, Sr and La or lanthanum-rich rare earth RE are utilized to modify the cast aluminum-silicon alloy refined by the Al-B alloy aiming at different action objects, and the action objects are eutectic silicon phases in a eutectic structure, so that an ideal modification effect is obtained.
According to the inventive concept, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy modification method is characterized in that aluminum-silicon alloy with the silicon content not less than 6% is modified to regulate the shape and size of a eutectic silicon phase of the casting aluminum-silicon alloy and obtain a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy structure; when the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy is subjected to efficient modification treatment, any one of Al-La alloy and lanthanum-rich rare earth aluminum alloy Al-RE, Al-Sr alloy, Al-B alloy and aluminum-and-silicon-containing material are used as raw materials, the raw materials are prepared according to the following element mass percentage requirements, and the target hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy is obtained after the following smelting operation is carried out; the mass percentages of the elements are the feed ratios, the elements come from different raw materials, and the weighing proportion requirements of the elements are as follows: si: 6.000 to 12.600 percent; sr: 0.001-0.150%; la or RE: 0.020-0.122%; b: 0.001-0.150%; and the Sr/B mass ratio is not more than 1.351, and the La/B or RE/B mass ratio is between 1 and 5; the balance is mainly Al; the modification treatment method of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy adopts the following smelting method processes and steps:
(1) melting Al-Si alloy:
firstly heating the empty furnace of the well type furnace to 745-755 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-15 minutes to remove moisture, water vapor and oil contamination impurities in the furnace, then adding raw materials of materials containing aluminum and silicon, preserving the heat for 20-40 minutes, and obtaining Al-Si alloy melt with uniform components after the silicon is completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, wherein the silicon weight fraction of the Al-Si alloy melt is not lower than 6%;
(2) refining and degassing:
adding a degasifier which accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the total mass of the raw materials into the Al-Si alloy melt prepared in the step (1), wrapping the degasifier with aluminum foil, placing the wrapped degasifier at the wellhead end of a shaft furnace for preheating and drying, and preheating a stainless steel bell jar together before adding the degasifier; when the degasifier is added, pressing the melt to the bottom by using a stainless steel bell jar, keeping the pressure for 1-3 minutes, taking out the bell jar until the degasifier does not obviously release nitrogen any more, introducing argon into the Al-Si alloy melt, controlling the supply amount of the argon according to the flow rate of introducing the argon into each liter of Al-Si alloy melt, wherein the flow rate of introducing the argon is 0.1-0.7L/min, and keeping introducing the argon for 5-10 minutes to finish the refining degassing process of the Al-Si alloy melt;
(3) alloying process:
adding materials into the Al-Si alloy melt refined and degassed in the step (2) for alloying treatment, when the temperature of the Al-Si alloy melt is stabilized at 745-755 ℃, sequentially adding Al-B alloy, Al-La alloy or Al-RE alloy and Al-Sr alloy which are all wrapped by aluminum foil, controlling the adding time interval of different alloys to be 20-30 seconds, keeping the adding time without damaging an oxide layer formed on the surface of the melt, directly pressing each raw material packet wrapped by the aluminum foil into the Al-Si alloy melt by a graphite rod, and melting each raw material to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy melt containing trace elements Sr, La and B or the aluminum-silicon alloy melt containing trace elements Sr, RE and B with uniform components;
(4) casting hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy:
and (3) adopting a casting method after heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 745-755 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-30 minutes, then scooping up dross on the surface of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt by using a slag scoop, directionally stirring the aluminum-silicon alloy melt by using a graphite rod, stirring for 10-40 seconds, covering a well type furnace cover for heat preservation, pouring the aluminum-silicon alloy melt into a cast iron mold preheated in an environment with 200-250 ℃ when the temperature reaches 745-755 ℃, and taking out a casting by using the mold after the aluminum-silicon alloy melt is solidified and cooled, thereby obtaining the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy.
As the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the modification method of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy adopts the following chemical elements in the raw materials before feeding in percentage by mass: 6.000 to 12.600 percent; sr: 0.001-0.066%, La or RE: 0.020-0.122%, B: 0.001-0.079%, and the Sr/B mass ratio is between 0.392-1.351, and the La/B or RE/B mass ratio is between 1.25-4.95; the balance being mainly Al.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, the modification method of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy adopts the following conditions that the chemical element composition and the mass percentage in the raw materials before feeding are as follows: si: 6.000-10.000%; sr: 0.015-0.062%, La or RE: 0.029-0.099%, B: 0.002-0.079%, wherein the Sr/B mass ratio is between 0.392 and 1.260, and the La/B or RE/B mass ratio is between 1.25 and 4.95; the balance being mainly Al.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, the chemical element composition and the mass percentage in the raw materials before feeding adopted by the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy modification method meet the following conditions: si: 6.000-10.000%; sr: 0.015-0.062%, La or RE: 0.049-0.099%, B: 0.002-0.079%, wherein the Sr/B mass ratio is 0.75-1.260, and the La/B or RE/B mass ratio is 2.02-4.95; the balance being mainly Al.
As a still further preferable technical scheme of the invention, the modification method of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy adopts the following conditions in terms of chemical element composition and mass percentage in the raw materials before feeding: si: 6.000-10.000%; sr: 0.015-0.062%, La or RE: 0.049-0.099%, B: 0.002-0.079%, wherein the Sr/B mass ratio is 0.75-1.260, and the La/B or RE/B mass ratio is 2.45-4.95; the balance being mainly Al.
In the step (1), the raw materials of the material containing aluminum and silicon are commercially pure aluminum and industrial silicon, or ZL101 aluminum alloy.
In the step (3), the mass fraction of La or RE in the Al-La alloy or Al-RE alloy is 5-20%, and Al is used as the preferable technical scheme of the invention4La、Al11La3Or Al4RE、Al11RE3The phase form exists;
in the step (3), the mass fraction of Sr in the Al-Sr alloy is 5-10%, and Al is used as the preferable technical scheme of the invention4The Sr phase exists;
in the step (3), the mass fraction of B in the Al-B alloy is 3-8% and AlB is used as a preferable technical scheme of the invention2、AlB12The phase form exists.
In the step (4), the eutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy has an average length of 2.25-6.86 microns, an average aspect ratio of 1.87-2.75, and an average area of 1.66-6.04 square microns; the primary aluminum grain size was 250.27 + -23.03 microns.
In the step (4), before the hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy is cast, the deterioration period of validity in the heat preservation process of the hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy is 2 to 3 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious and prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable advantages:
1. the invention improves the modification efficiency of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy Sr after Al-B alloy refinement, reduces the processing material amount and further reduces the processing cost; according to the guidance of an Al-10Si-Sr-B non-equilibrium solidification aluminum-rich angle experimental phase diagram obtained by experimental results at 750 ℃, the feeding ratio and the feeding amount are designed, the modification efficiency is improved, Sr can fully play a modification role, and the treatment cost is reduced;
2. the method of the invention simultaneously carries out the grain refinement treatment and the modification treatment of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy, can effectively improve the production efficiency and shorten the production period. Compared with the prior art, the invention verifies that the feasibility of the final treatment effect is not influenced by sequentially adding the grain refiner and the alterant in a short time, so that the two-step treatment operation is completed in the same heat preservation time, thereby being beneficial to the completion, omitting one-step refining operation and reducing the material treatment cost and the time cost; the total time consumption of the whole treatment process, including the calculation of the heating time, the cooling time and the heat preservation time, is 60-100 minutes, and the total time consumption is reduced by 37.5-52 percent compared with the prior art;
3. the method of the invention utilizes the synergistic effect of Sr and La to realize the goal of obtaining ideal metamorphic effect without damaging the grain refining effect; because the eutectic silicon in the alloy after the Al-B refined hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy is subjected to modification treatment, the eutectic silicon in the alloy after the Al-Sr modifier is added still has a thick needle shape and belongs to the characteristic of no modification, however, under the synergistic action of Sr and La, the alloy of the invention obtains ideal modification effect, the eutectic silicon tends to be fibrous, and compared with the situation of modification only depending on Sr, the average length of the eutectic silicon phase in the aluminum-silicon alloy is reduced from 4.05-11.78 micrometers to 2.25-6.86 micrometers, the reduction amplitude is 9-66%, the average length-diameter ratio is reduced from 2.18-4.18 to 2.05-2.75, the reduction amplitude is 6-41%, the average area is reduced from 3.80-12.72 square micrometers to 3.44-6.04 square micrometers, the reduction amplitude is 9-70%, the modification grade is improved by 1-2 grade, and meanwhile, the primary crystal aluminum grain size is not obviously increased, the grain refining effect is not deteriorated;
4. the method can prolong the effective time of Sr deterioration by adding La, prolongs the effective time of Sr deterioration, and increases the effective period of Sr deterioration by at least 1 hour from 1.5-2 hours to 2-3 hours, with the increase of 50-67%;
5. the method of the invention utilizes the functions of La modification, degassing and melt purification, can reduce the porosity and oxide inclusion of alloy products after being added, has rich resources and low price of rare earth La or lanthanum-rich mixed rare earth RE, and is beneficial to the popularization of the practical application of the invention; la is independently used for modifying hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy, the modification effect obtained under the condition of optimizing the addition amount is reduced from 14.14-16.98 microns to 7.64-9.36 microns when the eutectic silicon is not modified according to the average length of the eutectic silicon, and the modification effect of Sr is achieved to be 53-54% of that of Sr 2.06-3.02 microns.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a phase diagram of Al-10Si-Sr-B non-equilibrium solidification Al-rich angle experiment at 750 ℃ in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a high-power metallographic structure photograph of a hypoeutectic Al-10Si alloy to which strontium, lanthanum and boron are added in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the temperature change during different time periods according to the present invention and the prior art.
Fig. 4 is a statistical chart showing changes in the modification effect and the grain refining effect of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy samples prepared in comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, and example 1.
Fig. 5 is a statistical chart showing changes in the modification effect and the grain refining effect of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy samples prepared in comparative example 2, example 1, and example 3.
FIG. 6 is a high-power metallographic structure photograph of an Al-10Si alloy to which strontium, lanthanum and boron were added in example 4.
FIG. 7 is a high magnification metallographic structure photograph of a hypoeutectic Al-10Si alloy to which strontium, lanthanum and boron were added in example 5.
FIG. 8 is a high-power metallographic structure photograph of an Al-10Si alloy to which strontium, lanthanum and boron were added in example 6.
FIG. 9 is a high-power metallographic structure photograph of an Al-10Si alloy to which strontium and boron were added in comparative example 4.
Detailed Description
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are detailed below:
in order to prove that the invention reduces the charge amount of intermediate alloy containing modified elements Sr, La and B and to distinguish the difference between the invention and the prior art in terms of component range and application scene, according to the experimental phase diagram of Al-10Si-Sr-B unbalanced solidification aluminum-rich corner at 750 ℃, the component represented by the position ^ C of the optimization scheme is selected, and the embodiment 1 is designed.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, a modification method for hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy is to modify an aluminum-silicon alloy with a silicon content of 10% to control the morphology and grain size of a eutectic silicon phase of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy and obtain a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy structure; when hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy is subjected to efficient modification treatment, industrial silicon, industrial pure aluminum, Al-10Sr alloy, Al-10La alloy and Al-3B alloy are used as raw materials, and the mass percentages of the elements are as follows: si: 10.000%, Sr: 0.015%, La: 0.049%, B: 0.020%, and Al as the rest, wherein the Sr in the Al-10Sr alloy is Al4Sr, La in Al-10La alloy11La3、Al4La form, B in Al-3B alloy being AlB2Preparing materials according to the requirements of the mass percent of the elements, and carrying out the following smelting operation to obtain the target hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy; the modification treatment method of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy adopts the following smelting method processes and steps:
(1) melting Al-Si alloy:
firstly heating a hollow furnace of a well type furnace to 745-755 ℃, preserving heat for 10-15 minutes to remove moisture, water vapor and oil contamination impurities in the furnace, then adding industrial pure aluminum and industrial silicon or ZL101, preserving heat for 20-40 minutes, and obtaining Al-Si alloy melt with uniform components after the silicon is completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, wherein the silicon weight fraction of the Al-Si alloy melt is 10%;
(2) refining and degassing:
adding a degasifier which accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the total mass of the raw materials into the Al-Si alloy melt prepared in the step (1), wrapping the degasifier with aluminum foil, placing the wrapped degasifier at the wellhead end of a shaft furnace for preheating and drying, and preheating a stainless steel bell jar together before adding the degasifier; when the degasifier is added, pressing the melt to the bottom by using a stainless steel bell jar, keeping the pressure for 1-3 minutes, taking out the bell jar until the degasifier does not obviously release nitrogen any more, introducing argon into the Al-Si alloy melt, controlling the supply amount of the argon according to the flow rate of introducing the argon into each liter of Al-Si alloy melt, wherein the flow rate of introducing the argon is 0.1-0.7L/min, and keeping introducing the argon for 5-10 minutes to finish the refining degassing process of the Al-Si alloy melt;
(3) alloying process:
adding materials into the Al-Si alloy melt refined and degassed in the step (2) for alloying treatment, sequentially adding Al-B alloy, Al-La alloy and Al-Sr alloy which are all wrapped by aluminum foil when the temperature of the Al-Si alloy melt is stabilized at 745-755 ℃, controlling the adding time interval of different alloys to be 20-30 seconds, keeping the adding time without damaging an oxide layer formed on the surface of the melt, directly pressing each raw material bag wrapped by the aluminum foil into the Al-Si alloy melt by using a graphite rod, and melting each raw material to obtain Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt with uniform components;
(4) casting hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy:
the Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt prepared in the step (3) is cast after heat preservation, the heat preservation temperature is 745-755 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-30 minutes, then scooping up dross on the surface of the Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt by using a dross scooping spoon, then directionally stirring the Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt by using a graphite rod for 10-40 seconds, covering a pit furnace cover for heat preservation, and when the temperature reaches 745-755 ℃, pouring the Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt into a cast iron mold preheated in the environment of 200-250 ℃, and after the Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt is solidified and cooled, opening the mold and taking out the casting, thereby obtaining the hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy.
Analysis of experimental tests
Metallographic observation was carried out by taking a position 2 cm from the bottom of the hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy casting prepared in example one, and a metallographic photograph is shown in fig. 2, in which a dark color region was a fibrous eutectic silicon phase, a light color region was Al, the average length of eutectic silicon was 3.96 micrometers, the average aspect ratio was 2.34, and the average area was 3.57 square micrometers. Comparing the standard map of "AFS CH8600 Microstructural Control in Hypoeeutectic Aluminum-Silicon Alloys Chart", the Aluminum-Silicon alloy modification grade is 6 grade.
The experimental result shows that in the component range of the optimized scheme of the invention which is different from the prior art, only 0.015 percent of Sr, 0.049 percent of La and 0.020 percent of B are added, and the sum of the mass fractions of the added modified elements is only 0.084 percent, so that the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy can obtain ideal modification effect, and the modification grade reaches the highest grade.
In order to prove that the production efficiency is improved compared with the prior art, the temperature parameters of the alloy smelting process of the invention and the prior art at different moments are plotted as a graph 3, wherein the heat preservation temperature is the average value of the heat preservation parameter range, and the maximum value of the heat preservation time length is selected as the time point.
In the prior art, 5 obvious heating processes, 4 obvious cooling processes and 6 sections of heat preservation platforms exist in the alloy smelting process, the single cooling temperature difference is maximum 40 ℃ before casting, and the time for smelting is 163 minutes.
The result shows that the invention can effectively improve the production efficiency, shorten the production period, improve the energy utilization rate, reduce the production energy consumption, reduce the production time by 39 percent, simplify the alloy smelting process, and obtain the ingot casting product only by 1 time of temperature rise, 1 time of heat preservation and 1 time of temperature reduction.
In order to prove that the Sr and La synergistic effect can enable the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy refined by Al-B to obtain ideal modification effect and simultaneously not to damage the grain refining effect, a comparative example 1, a comparative example 2 and a comparative example 3 are designed.
Comparative example 1
The steps not specifically described are the same as in example 1, except that: sr and La are not added into the smelted alloy.
Comparative example 2
The steps not specifically described are the same as in example 1, except that: la is not added to the alloy being smelted.
Comparative example 3
The steps not specifically described are the same as in example 1, except that: sr is not added into the smelted alloy.
The modification effect and the grain refinement effect of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy samples prepared in comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and example 1 are shown in fig. 4, the average length, average length-diameter ratio and average area of eutectic silicon on the left vertical axis are used for representing the modification effect, the lower the value is, the better the modification effect is, the lower the primary crystal aluminum grain size on the right vertical axis is used for representing the grain refinement effect, and the lower the value is, the better the refinement effect is. Taking the length of the eutectic silicon as an example, for hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy refined by Al-B, when Sr and La are not added or only are added, the average length of eutectic silicon in the alloy is more than 13 microns, and when Sr and La act synergistically, the average length of the eutectic silicon is 3.96 microns. In addition, after addition of Sr and La, the primary aluminum grain size of the alloy was 250.27 microns, below 291.42 microns with La added only, slightly above 235.61 microns without Sr or La added and 237.78 microns with Sr added only.
The result shows that the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy refined by Al-B can obtain ideal modification effect without damaging the grain refining effect only when Sr and La are added together.
In order to prove that one of the decisive factors really influencing the modification effect and the grain refining effect of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy containing trace elements Sr, La and B is the La/B mass ratio, on the basis of the components designed in the embodiment 1, the Sr/B mass ratio is fixed, and the La addition amount is adjusted to change the La/B mass ratio, so that the embodiments 2 and 3 are designed.
Example 2:
this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and is characterized in that:
in the present embodiment, it is preferred that,
the steps not specifically described are the same as in example 1, except that: adding La according to the mass percent of 0.029% for feeding, wherein the La/B mass ratio is 1.45.
Example 3
The steps not specifically described are the same as in example 1, except that: adding La according to the mass percent of 0.099% for feeding, wherein the La/B mass ratio is 4.95.
The change in the modification effect and the grain refinement effect of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy samples prepared in comparative example 2, example 1 and example 3 is shown in fig. 5, where a critical value exists when the La/B mass ratio is less than 2.45, and the modification effect of the alloy is lost and the alloy is in an unmodified state but the primary aluminum grain size is not significantly changed when the La/B mass ratio is less than the critical value; when the La/B mass ratio is more than 2.45, the primary crystal aluminum grain size tends to be significantly increased, but the modification effect is not significantly changed.
The result shows that one of the decisive factors really influencing the modification effect of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy containing trace elements Sr, La and B is the La/B mass ratio, the ideal modification effect can be obtained when the La/B mass is larger than a critical value, the La/B mass ratio is not more than 5, otherwise the grain size of primary crystal aluminum is further increased.
In order to prove that one of the decisive factors really influencing the modification effect of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy containing trace elements Sr, La and B is the Sr/B mass ratio, the La/B mass ratio is fixed, and the Sr addition amount is adjusted to change the Sr/B mass ratio, the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 5 are designed.
Example 4
The steps not specifically described are the same as in example 1, except that: taking the component a at the boundary of the 'C region' of the optimization scheme, namely the mass ratio of Sr to B is 0.63, adding La according to the mass ratio of La to B of 2.02, and adding the La, the Sr, the La and the B into the alloy melt according to the mass percentages of 0.031%, 0.099% and 0.049% in sequence.
Example 5
The steps not specifically described are the same as in example 1, except that: and at the boundary of the optimized scheme 'C region', taking a component point '■', namely the Sr/B mass ratio is 1.26, adding La according to the La/B mass ratio of 2.02, and adding the La into the alloy melt according to the mass percentages of Sr, La and B of 0.062%, 0.099% and 0.049% in sequence.
A position 2 cm away from the bottom of the casting is intercepted and metallographic observation is carried out, a metallographic photograph of the alloy in example 4 is shown in fig. 6, the average length of the eutectic silicon is 6.15 micrometers, the average length-diameter ratio is 2.61, the average area is 5.84 square micrometers, and the modification grade is level 4; the metallographic photograph of the alloy in example 5 is shown in fig. 7, and the eutectic silicon has an average length of 2.72 micrometers, an average aspect ratio of 1.95, an average area of 1.66 square micrometers, and a modification grade of 6. After the Sr/B mass ratio is increased, the average length of the eutectic silicon is reduced by 56%, the average length-diameter ratio is reduced by 25%, the average area is reduced by 72%, and the modification grade is improved by 2.
The result shows that one of the decisive factors really influencing the modification effect of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy containing trace elements Sr, La and B is the Sr/B mass ratio, and the modification effect of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy can be obviously improved and the modification grade can be improved to the highest level by properly improving the Sr/B mass ratio within the range of the optimized scheme components.
In order to prove that the addition of La has an obvious effect of improving the modification effect of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy containing Sr and B, the feeding amounts of trace elements Sr and B in the Al-10Si alloy are fixed, and the modification effect of the alloy is compared with that of the alloy under the two conditions of adding La or not, an example 6 and a comparative example 4 are designed.
Example 6
The steps not specifically described are the same as in example 1, except that: in the component range 'B region' protected by the invention, the component point 'diamond solid' above the 'A region' in the prior art is taken, namely the Sr/B mass ratio is 0.392, La is added according to the La/B mass ratio of 1.25, and the Sr, the La and the B are sequentially added into the alloy melt according to the mass percentages of 0.031%, 0.099% and 0.079%.
Comparative example 4
The steps not specifically described are the same as in example 1, except that: in the component range ' B region ' protected by the invention, the component points ' above the ' A region ' in the prior art are taken, namely the Sr/B mass ratio is 0.392, La is not added, and 0.031 percent and 0.079 percent of Sr and B are added into the alloy melt according to the mass percent of Sr and B.
A position 2 cm away from the bottom of the casting is intercepted and metallographic observation is carried out, a metallographic photograph of the alloy in example 6 is shown in fig. 8, the average length of the eutectic silicon is 6.86 micrometers, the average length-diameter ratio is 2.75, the average area is 6.04 square micrometers, and the modification grade is 2 grade; the metallographic photograph of the alloy in comparative example 4 is shown in fig. 9, and the eutectic silicon has an average length of 10.52 micrometers, an average aspect ratio of 4.18, an average area of 12.72 square micrometers, and a grade of 4 deterioration. After the La is added, the average length of the eutectic silicon is reduced by 35%, the average length-diameter ratio is reduced by 34%, the average area is reduced by 53%, and the modification grade is improved by 4 grades.
The result shows that the addition of La has obvious improvement effect on the modification effect of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy containing Sr and B.
In summary, in the modification method for hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy according to the embodiments of the present invention, the modification method comprises the following steps: 6.000 to 12.600 percent; sr: 0.001-0.150%, La or RE: 0.020-0.122%, B: 0.001-0.150% by mass and a Sr/B mass ratio not greater than 1.351, the La/B or RE/B mass ratio being between 1-5; preparing materials according to the requirement that the balance is mainly Al, and smelting the materials by the following steps: 1, melting the alloy; 2, refining and degassing; 3, feeding materials; and 4, casting after heat preservation to obtain the alloy. The average length of eutectic silicon phase in the obtained alloy is 2.25-6.86 microns, the average length-diameter ratio is 1.87-2.75, and the average area is 1.66-6.04 square microns; the modification treatment does not cause obvious influence on the primary crystal aluminum size, and the grain size of the primary crystal aluminum is increased from 235.61 +/-21.77 microns to 250.27 +/-23.03 microns before and after the treatment, and the increase is not more than 6.3 percent; the grade of metamorphism is 4-6. The deterioration effective period is 2-3 hours. Compared with the prior art, the total feeding amount of the modified elements Sr, La and B in the optimized scheme is reduced by 62.3-72.5%, and the sum of the mass fractions of the modified elements in the product is only 0.022-0.237%; the production time is reduced by 37.5-52.0%, only 60-100 minutes is needed, and the method has extremely high economic value.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but various changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications may be made according to the purpose of the invention, and any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications made according to the spirit and principle of the technical solution of the present invention should be replaced by equivalents thereof, so long as the purpose of the present invention is met, and the technical principle and the inventive concept of the method for modifying hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy of the present invention are not departed from the technical principle and the inventive concept of the method for modifying hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy.
Claims (8)
1. A method for modifying hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: modifying the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with the silicon content of 6-12.6% to regulate the shape and size of the eutectic silicon phase of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy and obtain a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy structure with eutectic silicon in a short fiber shape; when the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy is subjected to efficient modification treatment, any one of Al-La alloy and lanthanum-rich rare earth aluminum alloy Al-RE, Al-Sr alloy, Al-B alloy and aluminum-and-silicon-containing material are used as raw materials, the raw materials are prepared according to the following element mass percentage requirements, and the target hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy is obtained after the following smelting operation is carried out; the following elements are in mass percent according to the material feeding ratio, are from different raw materials, and are required to be weighed according to the element weighing ratio: si: 6.000 to 12.600 percent; sr: 0.001-0.150%; la or RE: 0.020-0.122%; b: 0.001-0.150%; the Sr/B mass ratio is not more than 1.351, and the La/B or RE/B mass ratio is 2.45-5; the balance is mainly Al; the modification treatment method of the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy adopts the following smelting method processes and steps:
(1) melting Al-Si alloy:
firstly heating the empty furnace of the well type furnace to 745-755 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-15 minutes to remove water vapor and oil contamination impurities in the furnace, then adding raw materials of materials containing aluminum and silicon, preserving the heat for 20-40 minutes, and obtaining Al-Si alloy melt with uniform components after the silicon is completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, wherein the silicon content fraction of the Al-Si alloy melt is not lower than 6%;
(2) refining and degassing:
adding a degasifier which accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the total mass of the raw materials into the Al-Si alloy melt prepared in the step (1), wrapping the degasifier with aluminum foil, placing the wrapped degasifier at the wellhead end of a shaft furnace for preheating and drying, and preheating a stainless steel bell jar together before adding the degasifier; when the degasifier is added, pressing the melt to the bottom by using a stainless steel bell jar, keeping the pressure for 1-3 minutes, taking out the bell jar until the degasifier does not obviously release nitrogen any more, introducing argon into the Al-Si alloy melt, controlling the supply amount of the argon according to the flow rate of introducing the argon into each liter of Al-Si alloy melt, wherein the flow rate of introducing the argon is 0.1-0.7L/min, and keeping introducing the argon for 5-10 minutes to finish the refining degassing process of the Al-Si alloy melt;
(3) alloying process:
adding materials into the Al-Si alloy melt refined and degassed in the step (2) for alloying treatment, when the temperature of the Al-Si alloy melt is stabilized at 745-755 ℃, sequentially adding Al-B alloy, Al-La alloy or Al-RE alloy and Al-Sr alloy which are all wrapped by aluminum foil, controlling the adding time interval of different alloys to be 20-30 seconds, keeping the adding time without damaging an oxide layer formed on the surface of the melt, directly pressing each raw material packet wrapped by the aluminum foil into the Al-Si alloy melt by a graphite rod, and melting each raw material to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy melt containing trace elements Sr, La and B or the aluminum-silicon alloy melt containing trace elements Sr, RE and B with uniform components;
(4) casting hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy:
and (3) adopting a casting method after heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 745-755 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-30 minutes, then scooping up dross on the surface of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt by using a slag scoop, directionally stirring the aluminum-silicon alloy melt by using a graphite rod, stirring for 10-40 seconds, covering a well type furnace cover for heat preservation, pouring the aluminum-silicon alloy melt into a cast iron mold preheated in an environment with 200-250 ℃ when the temperature reaches 745-755 ℃, and taking out a casting by using the mold after the aluminum-silicon alloy melt is solidified and cooled, thereby obtaining the hypoeutectic casting aluminum-silicon alloy.
2. The method for modifying hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the chemical elements in the raw materials before charging are as follows by mass percent: si: 6.000 to 12.600 percent; sr: 0.001-0.066%, La or RE: 0.020-0.122%, B: 0.001-0.079%, and the Sr/B mass ratio is between 0.392-1.351, and the La/B or RE/B mass ratio is between 2.45-4.95; the balance being mainly Al.
3. The method for modifying hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein the chemical element composition and mass percentage in the raw materials before charging satisfy the following conditions: si: 6.000-10.000%; sr: 0.015-0.062%, La or RE: 0.029-0.099%, B: 0.002-0.079%, wherein the Sr/B mass ratio is 0.392-1.260, and the La/B or RE/B mass ratio is 2.45-4.95; the balance being mainly Al.
4. The method for modifying hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 3, wherein the chemical element composition and mass percentage in the raw materials before charging satisfy the following conditions: si: 6.000-10.000%; sr: 0.015-0.062%, La or RE: 0.049-0.099%, B: 0.002-0.079%, wherein the Sr/B mass ratio is between 0.75-1.26, and the La/B or RE/B mass ratio is between 2.45-4.95; the balance being mainly Al.
5. A method of modifying hypoeutectic cast aluminium silicon alloys according to claim 1, characterised in that: in the step (1), the raw materials of the material containing aluminum and silicon are industrial pure aluminum and industrial silicon, or ZL101 aluminum alloy.
6. A method of modifying hypoeutectic cast aluminium silicon alloys according to claim 1, characterised in that: in the step (3), the mass fraction of La or RE in the Al-La alloy or the Al-RE alloy is 5-20%, and Al is used4La、Al11La3Or Al4RE、Al11RE3The phase form exists;
the mass fraction of Sr in the Al-Sr alloy is 5-10 percent, and Al is used4The Sr phase exists;
the mass fraction of B in the Al-B alloy is 3-8 percent and takes AlB2、AlB12The phase form exists.
7. A method of modifying hypoeutectic cast aluminium silicon alloys according to claim 1, characterised in that: in the step (4), in the obtained hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy, the average length of eutectic silicon grains is 2.25-6.86 microns, the average length-diameter ratio is 1.87-2.75, and the average area is 1.66-6.04 square microns; the primary aluminum grain size was 250.27 + -23.03 microns.
8. A method of modifying hypoeutectic cast aluminium silicon alloys according to claim 1, characterised in that: in the step (4), before the hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy is cast, the modification period of validity in the heat preservation process of the hypoeutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy is 2-3 hours.
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| CN111926209A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-13 | 界首永恩机电科技有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-silicon alloy modifier |
| CN112662920B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-03-15 | 成都慧腾创智信息科技有限公司 | High-thermal-conductivity high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN112662921B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-03-25 | 成都慧腾创智信息科技有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN113088737B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-12-10 | 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 | Compound alterant for deeply modifying eutectic silicon and preparation method thereof |
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