CN110358950A - Hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners - Google Patents
Hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners, are Si:6.000-12.600% by element mass percent；Sr:0.001-0.150%, La or RE:0.020-0.122%, B:0.001-0.150%, and Sr/B mass ratio are no more than 1.351, La/B or RE/B mass ratio between 1-5；Surplus is that Al stocks up, and carries out melting and casting by fusing, refining degasification, charging and heat preservation casting process and obtain alusil alloy, and metamorphic rank is 4-6 grades, and validity period of going bad is 2-3 hours.The present invention reduces Sr, La, B total amount of feeding by 62.3-72.5%, and the sum of mass fraction of modifying element is only 0.022-0.237%；Production time reduces 37.5-52.0%, it is only necessary to 60-100 minutes, have high economic value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of Al-Si casting alloy, more particularly to a kind of change of Al-Si casting alloy
Metamorphism treatment method is learned, aluminum alloy smelting technical field is applied to.
Background technique
For hypoeutectic Al-Si casting alloy, the mechanical property of casting, especially elongation percentage are obviously by the shape of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys
State, size and the influence of distribution, the cast Al-Si alloy for silicon mass fraction greater than 6% must carry out Metamorphism treatment, usually
It is that Metamorphism treatment is carried out to hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy using chemometamorphism method, i.e., by way of adding alterant thereto
To realize the purpose for changing eutectic silicon morphology and size.Commercial hypoeutectic al-si alloy alterant mainly have Na salt alterant and
Two kinds of Al-Sr intermediate alloy alterant, alterant containing Sr because its is more environmentally-friendly and modification effect is ideal, gradually replace Na salt at
For the major product in market.However, being gone bad using Al-Sr alterant to the cast Al-Si alloy after Al-B alloy refinement
When processing, modification effect is not as good as independent the case where adding Al-Sr alloy, and grain refining effect is deteriorated, and needs to mend several times
Addition Al-Sr alloy and Al-B alloy is filled, to guarantee effective component not less than being expected, enables aluminum alloy to be enhanced, the effect of toughening
Fruit.This undoubtedly will increase the Material Cost and time cost of Strengthening and Toughening processing, and can also be because of resource caused by production energy consumption increase
Waste, is unfavorable for the construction of conservation-minded society.Therefore, obtain it is a kind of it is low in cost, simple process, do not damage crystal grain refinement
The efficient Modification Manners of effect are extremely urgent, very necessary.
Rare earth element was widely applied in recent years in the exploitation of high performance casting alusil alloy, and research finds dilute
The elements such as europium Eu, lanthanum La, cerium Ce, neodymium Nd, gadolinium Gd, erbium Er, ytterbium Yb in earth elements RE are to the eutectic silicon in Al-Si alloy
With metamorphism, and rare earth element also has the function of refining primary crystal aluminium grain, and rare earth member is added into aluminium alloy melt
It is known as and helps improve modification effect and grain refining effect simultaneously.Using the synergistic effect of rare earth element and Sr to hypoeutectic aluminium silicon
Alloy carries out Metamorphism treatment and has become one of main direction of studying, for example, prior art China patent, application number
A kind of hypoeutectic al-si alloy casting of CN201810134256.X and the process for improving its performance, provide it is a kind of with Er,
The Modification Manners of Sb, Sr to the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy that Si mass fraction is 5.5-8.5%；Prior art China patent,
It a kind of refinement-alterant for hypoeutectic silumin alloy of application number CN201711303259.3 and preparation method thereof and answers
With, provide it is a kind of using Y and richness La mischmetal progress Metamorphism treatment method, wherein Y accounts for mischmetal gross mass
60%, rich La mischmetal accounts for 40%；Prior art China patent, application number CN201410433754.6 improve hypoeutectic Al-
The long-acting alterant and preparation and application of Si alloy conductivity provide a kind of preparation for preparing Al-RE-Sr alloy and make
It is prepared for Al-5RE-Sr alloy with method and practice, Metamorphism treatment is carried out to ZL101A alloy using it, is coagulated under electromagnetic agitation
Gu obtaining treated ingot casting.The above-mentioned prior art is limited to the production of Er, Y fancy price and complexity and the high requirements on the equipment
Or it is not promoted temporarily using technique.In addition, prior art China patent, a kind of nearly eutectic casting of application number CN201410186765.9
Alusil alloy organizational controls method is made, is provided a kind of by Sr and 0.05- of La, Ce or RE addition containing 0.02-0.03%
The technical solution that primary crystal aluminium can be refined in the nearly cocrystallized Al-Si alloy melt of 0.5% B illustrates to add rare-earth elements La
Grain refining effect is promoted with B synergistic effect while may be implemented not damage modification effect, but there are following for the prior art
Technical problem:
1, the prior art processing cost is high, and the sum of added modifying element mass fraction reaches in final products
0.08-0.63%, only B element one need to just add 0.05-0.5%, considerably beyond commercial production levels 0.02%, cause to be modified
The availability of element reduces, and then increase Material Cost, moreover, single modifying element additive amount or modifying element
Total addition level is excessive, may result in microelement Sr, La, B mass fraction more than in procurement criteria to single contaminant element or
The limitation of impurity element total amount is unfavorable for the sale and popularization of alloy product；
2, there is repeatedly cooling, warming temperature in the Metamorphism treatment technique that the prior art provides, not only make technique cumbersome,
The problems such as also causing energy waste, production cost rise, the entire processing work counted together with heating, cooling, soaking time
Skill total time-consuming is expected to be 125-160 minutes, and there is also larger rooms for promotion for production efficiency；
3, while whether the prior art not may be implemented not damaging grain refining effect to addition rare-earth elements La with
Sr synergistic effect promotes modification effect and carries out correlative study, limits the application of this technology；
4, through applicant recent studies suggest that, influence of Sr, La, B mass fraction to modification effect and grain refining effect,
Only superficial phenomenon, real deciding factor are Sr/B mass when La/B or RE/B mass ratioes, and the prior art is not
The technical characteristic is provided, also without carrying out correlative study.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve prior art problem, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide one kind
Hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners, by into the cast Al-Si alloy after Al-B alloy refinement with Al-Sr alloy,
Form addition microelement Sr, La or lanthanum rich rare earth RE of Al-La or Al-RE, to not damage the same of grain refining effect
When, Sr and La synergistic effect promote modification effect, i.e., eutectic silicon average length is shorter, average aspect ratio is closer to " 1 ", flat
Equal area is smaller, and realization reduces the cost that feeds intake, and simplifies the target for the treatment of process, finally obtains one kind and is suitable for hypoeutectic casting aluminium
The efficient rotten scheme of silicon alloy.Metamorphism treatment method of the present invention is easy, is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention uses following inventive concept:
Since the modified technique parameter of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy is numerous, persons skilled in the art are difficult to using poor
Act method obtains suitable manufacturing parameter, and causes serious fund, Scientific Research Resource, waste of human resource.The present invention passes through research
It was found that obtaining the thermodynamics experiment phasor at a temperature of specific production, it can efficiently optimize manufacturing parameter as guidance, separately
Outside, the practical technical problems to be solved of prior art CN201410186765.9 are using B and La or Ce or RE to need to be through Al-Sr
The cast Al-Si alloy of alloy modification carries out crystal grain refinement processing, and effective object is the primary crystal aluminium phase in aluminum substrate；The present invention is then
For different effective objects, the cast Al-Si alloy after Al-B alloy refinement is carried out using Sr and La or lanthanum rich rare earth RE
Metamorphism treatment, effective object are the eutectic silicon in eutectic structure, it is intended that obtain ideal modification effect.
Conceived according to foregoing invention, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners, the alusil alloy to silicon mass fraction not less than 6% become
Matter processing, come regulate and control cast Al-Si alloy eutectic silicon morphology and size, obtain hypoeutectic al-si alloy tissue；Carry out
When the efficient Metamorphism treatment of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy, with any one in Al-La alloy, lanthanum rich rare earth aluminium alloy Al-RE
Alloy, Al-B alloy, contains aluminium and silicon materials for raw material at Al-Sr alloy, carries out by following element mass percent requirement standby
Material, and carry out the target hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy obtained after following smelting operation；Above-described element mass percent
It is feed ratio, each element is in different material, and element weighs proportion requirement are as follows: Si:6.000-12.600%；Sr:
0.001-0.150%；La or RE:0.020-0.122%；B:0.001-0.150%；And Sr/B mass ratio is not more than 1.351,
La/B or RE/B mass ratio is between 1-5；Surplus is mainly Al；The metamorphism treatment method of the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy is adopted
With following method of smelting process and step:
(1) Al-Si alloy is melted:
Shaft furnace sky furnace is first warming up to 745-755 DEG C, it is miscellaneous to keep the temperature moisture, aqueous vapor and greasy dirt in 10-15 minutes removing furnaces
Then the raw material of the material containing aluminium and silicon is added in matter, carry out heat preservation 20-40 minute, after silicon is completely dissolved in molten aluminum, acquisition at
Divide uniform Al-Si alloy melt, the silicon mass fraction of Al-Si alloy melt is not less than 6%；
(2) degassing procedure is refined:
The degasification of the 0.1-0.2% of total mass of raw material is added into the Al-Si alloy melt prepared in the step (1)
Agent, and before degasifier is added, degasifier is wrapped with aluminium foil be placed in shaft furnace uphole end pre-heating drying, and one first
With preheating stainless steel bell jar；When degasifier is added, it is depressed into melt bottom with stainless steel bell jar, is kept for 1-3 minutes, until degasifier
Bell jar is taken out after no longer obviously releasing nitrogen, then is passed through argon gas into Al-Si alloy melt, and is closed according to every liter of Al-Si
The flow that argon gas is passed through in golden melt is the argon gas flow velocity of 0.1-0.7L/min, controls argon gas supply, and maintains to be passed through argon gas
5-10 minutes, complete the refining degassing procedure of Al-Si alloy melt；
(3) alloying process:
Charging Alloying Treatment is carried out into the Al-Si alloy melt for completing refining degasification in the step (2), to
The temperature of Al-Si alloy melt is stablized at 745-755 DEG C, and the Al-B alloy wrapped up with aluminium foil, Al-La alloy are sequentially added
Or Al-RE alloy, Al-Sr alloy, the addition time interval of control not same alloy is 20-30 second, and holding does not destroy when addition
Each raw material packet that aluminium foil wraps up directly is depressed into Al-Si alloy melt by the oxide layer that bath surface has been formed with graphite rod
Portion, makes each melting sources, obtain ingredient uniformly Sr containing microelement, La, B Al-Si alloy melt or contain microelement
The Al-Si alloy melt of Sr, RE, B；
(4) casting hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy:
To the Al-Si alloy melt prepared in the step (3), using casting method after heat preservation, holding temperature 745-
755 DEG C, soaking time is 20-30 minutes, then scoops Al-Si alloy melt surface scum with slag scoop, then with graphite rod to aluminium
Silicon alloy melt is oriented stirring, and stirring continues 10-40 seconds, covers shaft furnace lid and kept the temperature, reach 745-755 to temperature
DEG C when, Al-Si alloy melt is poured into the cast iron die preheated in 200-250 DEG C of environment, to Al-Si alloy melt
After solidifying and cooling down, mold takes out casting, to obtain hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy.
As currently preferred technical solution, hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners use feed intake before raw material
Middle chemical element composition and mass percent are as follows: 6.000-12.600%；Sr:0.001-0.066%, La or RE:0.020-
0.122%, B:0.001-0.079%, and Sr/B mass ratio, between 0.392-1.351, La/B or RE/B mass ratio exists
Between 1.25-4.95；Surplus is mainly Al.
The technical solution further preferred as the present invention, before what hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners used feeds intake
Raw material in chemical element composition and mass percent meet following condition: Si:6.000-10.000%；Sr:0.015-
0.062%, La or RE:0.029-0.099%, B:0.002-0.079%, and Sr/B mass ratio between 0.392-1.260,
La/B or RE/B mass ratio is between 1.25-4.95；Surplus is mainly Al.
As the technical solution of the present invention still more preferably, what hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners used feeds intake
Chemical element composition and mass percent meet following condition: Si:6.000-10.000% in preceding raw material；Sr:0.015-
0.062%, La or RE:0.049-0.099%, B:0.002-0.079%, and Sr/B mass ratio between 0.75-1.260,
La/B or RE/B mass ratio is between 2.02-4.95；Surplus is mainly Al.
As the technical solution of the present invention again still more preferably, the throwing that hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners use
Chemical element composition and mass percent meet following condition: Si:6.000-10.000% in raw material before material；Sr:0.015-
0.062%, La or RE:0.049-0.099%, B:0.002-0.079%, and Sr/B mass ratio between 0.75-1.260,
La/B or RE/B mass ratio is between 2.45-4.95；Surplus is mainly Al.
As currently preferred technical solution, in the step (1), the raw material of the material containing aluminium and silicon is adopted
With commercial-purity aluminium and industrial silicon or ZL 101 alloy.
As currently preferred technical solution, in the step (3), La in the Al-La alloy or Al-RE alloy
Or the mass fraction of RE is 5-20%, and with Al4La、Al11La3Or Al4RE、Al11RE3Phase form exists；
As currently preferred technical solution, in the step (3), Sr mass fraction is in the Al-Sr alloy
5-10%, and with Al4Sr phase form exists；
As currently preferred technical solution, in the step (3), B mass fraction is 3- in the Al-B alloy
8% and with AlB2、AlB12Phase form exists.
As currently preferred technical solution, in the step (4), obtained hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy
In, the average length of eutectic silicon grains is 2.25-6.86 microns, average aspect ratio 1.87-2.75, average area 1.66-
6.04 square micron；Primary crystal aluminium grain is having a size of 250.27 ± 23.03 microns.
As currently preferred technical solution, in the step (4), before hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy of casting,
Rotten validity period in hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy insulating process is 2-3 hours.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following obvious prominent substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage:
1. the present invention improves the rotten efficiency of the cast Al-Si alloy Sr after Al-B alloy refinement, processing is reduced
Inventory, and then reduce processing cost；Al-10Si-Sr-B nonequilibrium freezing richness aluminium under the conditions of obtaining 750 DEG C according to experimental result
The guidance of angle experimental phase diagram, design feed intake when inventory, improve rotten efficiency, and Sr is made to give full play to metamorphism, at reduction
Cost is managed, the product of prioritization scheme production, the sum of modifying element Sr, La, B mass fraction for being included are only according to the present invention
0.022-0.240%, compared to the prior art, modifying element total amount of feeding reduces 62.3-72.5% in the present invention, reduces place
The Material Cost of reason；
2. the method for the present invention makes the processing of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy crystal grain refinement and Metamorphism treatment while carrying out, Neng Gouyou
Effect improves production efficiency, shortens the production cycle.Compared with prior art, the present invention has verified that that crystal grain is sequentially added in the short time is thin
Agent and alterant do not influence the feasibility of final process effect, complete two-step pretreatment operation in same section of soaking time,
Have benefited from this, it is convenient to omit a step refining operation reduces processing Material Cost and time cost；The present invention together with heating, cooling,
The whole processing technology total time-consuming that soaking time counts is expected to be 60-100 minutes, this part compared to the prior art, drops
Low 37.5-52%；
3. the method for the present invention utilizes the synergistic effect of Sr and La, realizes and obtaining the target of ideal modification effect while not
Damage grain refining effect；When due to carrying out Metamorphism treatment to the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy after Al-B is refined, it is added
Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is still in coarse gill shape in alloy after Al-Sr alterant, belongs to unmetamorphosed feature, however, Sr's and La
Under synergistic effect, alloy of the present invention obtains ideal modification effect, and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys tends to threadiness, and with only rely on Sr it is rotten when
The case where compare, mutually its average length by 4.05-11.78 microns is down to 2.25-6.86 microns to eutectic silicon in Al-Si alloy, the range of decrease
For 9-66%, average aspect ratio is down to 2.05-2.75 by 2.18-4.18, and range of decrease 6-41%, average area is by 3.80-12.72
Square micron is down to 3.44-6.04 square micron, range of decrease 9-70%, and metamorphic rank has 1-2 grades of promotion, meanwhile, primary crystal aluminium
Crystallite dimension does not obviously increase, and grain refining effect is not deteriorated；
4. La, which is added, in the method for the present invention can extend Sr rotten effective time, the addition of La extend that Sr goes bad it is effective when
Between, making to go bad adds 1 hour valid until reducing, and is increased to 2-3 hours by 1.5-2 hours, amplification 50-67%；
5. the method for the present invention has the function of rotten, degasification and purification melt using La, alloy product can be reduced after addition
Porosity and oxide be mingled with, and rare earth La or lanthanum rich mischmetal RE are resourceful, cheap, are conducive to promote this
The practical application of invention；Metamorphism treatment is carried out to hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy using only La, under the conditions of optimizing additive amount
The modification effect of acquisition, in terms of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys average length, it is micro- that 14.14-16.98 micron when by not going bad is down to 7.64-9.36
Rice, reaches 2.06-3.02 microns of Sr modification effect of 53-54%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Al-10Si-Sr-B nonequilibrium freezing richness aluminum angle experimental phase diagram under the conditions of 750 DEG C of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the hypoeutectic Al -10Si alloy high power metallographic structure photo that the embodiment of the present invention 1 adds strontium, lanthanum and boron.
Fig. 3 is the situation of change comparison diagram of the present invention and the prior art in different time sections treatment temperature.
Fig. 4 be cast Al-Si alloy sample modification effect prepared by comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and embodiment 1 and
The statistical chart of grain refining effect variation.
Fig. 5 be cast Al-Si alloy sample modification effect prepared by comparative example 2, embodiment 2, embodiment 1 and embodiment 3 and
The statistical chart of grain refining effect variation.
Fig. 6 is the Al-10Si alloy high power metallographic structure photo that embodiment 4 adds strontium, lanthanum and boron.
Fig. 7 is the hypoeutectic Al -10Si alloy high power metallographic structure photo that embodiment 5 adds strontium, lanthanum and boron.
Fig. 8 is the Al-10Si alloy high power metallographic structure photo that embodiment 6 adds strontium, lanthanum and boron.
Fig. 9 is the Al-10Si alloy high power metallographic structure photo that comparative example 4 adds strontium and boron.
Specific embodiment
Above scheme is described further below in conjunction with specific implementation example, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail such as
Under:
In order to prove that present invention reduces the inventorys of Sr containing modifying element, La, B intermediate alloy, and distinguish the present invention with
The composition range of prior art protection, to be applicable in scene different, according to Fig. 1, Al-10Si-Sr-B nonequilibrium freezing under the conditions of 750 DEG C
Rich aluminum angle experimental phase diagram chooses ingredient represented by the position " ★ " in " area C " of representing optimized scheme, designs embodiment 1.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, a kind of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners, the aluminium silicon for being 10% to silicon mass fraction
Alloy carries out Metamorphism treatment, to regulate and control the pattern and crystallite dimension of cast Al-Si alloy eutectic silicon, obtains hypoeutectic aluminium silicon and closes
Payment organization；When carrying out the efficient Metamorphism treatment of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy, with industrial silicon, commercial-purity aluminium, Al-10Sr alloy,
Al-10La alloy, Al-3B alloy be raw material, each element mass percent are as follows: Si:10.000%, Sr:0.015%, La:
0.049%, B:0.020%, surplus are mainly Al, are stocked up accordingly, wherein Sr is in Al-10Sr alloy with Al4Sr form is deposited
La is in Al-10La alloy with Al11La3、Al4La form exists, and B is in Al-3B alloy with AlB2Form exists, by above-mentioned element
Mass percent requires to stock up, and carries out the target hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy obtained after following smelting operation；It is described
The metamorphism treatment method of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy uses following method of smelting process and step:
(1) Al-Si alloy is melted:
Shaft furnace sky furnace is first warming up to 745-755 DEG C, it is miscellaneous to keep the temperature moisture, aqueous vapor and greasy dirt in 10-15 minutes removing furnaces
Then commercial-purity aluminium and industrial silicon or ZL101 is added in matter, carry out heat preservation 20-40 minutes, after silicon is completely dissolved in molten aluminum, obtains
The uniform Al-Si alloy melt of ingredient, the silicon mass fraction of Al-Si alloy melt are 10%；
(2) degassing procedure is refined:
The degasification of the 0.1-0.2% of total mass of raw material is added into the Al-Si alloy melt prepared in the step (1)
Agent, and before degasifier is added, degasifier is wrapped with aluminium foil be placed in shaft furnace uphole end pre-heating drying, and one first
With preheating stainless steel bell jar；When degasifier is added, it is depressed into melt bottom with stainless steel bell jar, is kept for 1-3 minutes, until degasifier
Bell jar is taken out after no longer obviously releasing nitrogen, then is passed through argon gas into Al-Si alloy melt, and is closed according to every liter of Al-Si
The flow that argon gas is passed through in golden melt is the argon gas flow velocity of 0.1-0.7L/min, controls argon gas supply, and maintains to be passed through argon gas
5-10 minutes, complete the refining degassing procedure of Al-Si alloy melt；
(3) alloying process:
Charging Alloying Treatment is carried out into the Al-Si alloy melt for completing refining degasification in the step (2), to
The temperature of Al-Si alloy melt is stablized at 745-755 DEG C, sequentially adds the Al-B alloy wrapped up with aluminium foil, Al-La is closed
The addition time interval of gold, Al-Sr alloy, control not same alloy is 20-30 second, and holding has not destroyed bath surface when addition
Each raw material packet that aluminium foil wraps up directly is depressed into inside Al-Si alloy melt with graphite rod, makes each raw material by the oxide layer through being formed
Fusing obtains the uniform Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt of ingredient；
(4) casting hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy:
To the Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt prepared in the step (3), using casting method after heat preservation, heat preservation
Temperature is 745-755 DEG C, and soaking time is 20-30 minutes, then scoops Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt table with slag scoop
Face dross, then stirring is oriented to Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt with graphite rod, stirring continues 10-40 seconds, covers well
Formula bell is kept the temperature, and when temperature reaches 745-755 DEG C, Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt is poured into 200-250
In the cast iron die preheated in DEG C environment, after Al-Si-Sr-B rare earth alloy melt is solidified and cooled down, mold is taken out
Casting, to obtain hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy.
Experimental test and analysis
The position for intercepting 2 centimeters of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy casting bottom prepared away from embodiment one carries out metallographic sight
It examines, metallograph is as shown in Fig. 2, darker regions are fibrelike eutectic silicon phase in photo, and light areas Al, Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is averaged
Length is 3.96 microns, average aspect ratio 2.34, and average area is 3.57 square microns.Compare " AFS CH8600
Microstructure Control in Hypoeutectic Aluminum-Silicon Alloys Chart " standard diagram
It can obtain, alusil alloy metamorphic rank is 6 grades.
The experimental results showed that only adding 0.015% in prioritization scheme composition range of the present invention unlike the prior art
Sr, 0.049%La and 0.020%B, the sum of mass fraction of added modifying element are only 0.084%, hypoeutectic can be made to cast
Making alusil alloy can get ideal modification effect, and metamorphic rank reaches the superlative degree.
In order to prove that the present invention improves production efficiency compared with prior art, the present invention and the prior art are melted in alloy
Temperature parameter during refining under different moments is plotted 3, wherein holding temperature is the average value for keeping the temperature parameter area, time
Click the maximum value for warm duration of going bail for.
There are 5 apparent temperature-rise periods, 4 apparent temperature-fall periods and 6 sections during molten alloy for the prior art
Platform is kept the temperature, the single cooling temperature difference is up to 40 DEG C before casting, and the melting used time is 163 minutes, and in comparison, the present invention is in melting
There are 1 temperature-rise period, 1 temperature-fall period and 1 section of heat preservation platforms in alloy process, do not have cooling to operate before casting, melting
Used time 100 minutes.
The result shows that the present invention can effectively improve production efficiency, shorten the production cycle, promote energy utilization rate, reduces
Production energy consumption makes the production time reduce by 39%, and alloy smelting process is simplified, and only 1 heating, 1 heat preservation, 1 cooling is
It can get cast ingot product.
In order to prove that Sr and La synergistic effect can make the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy after Al-B is refined obtain ideal
The effect of crystal grain refinement is not damaged while modification effect, in this regard, comparison of design example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3.
Comparative example 1
Not specified step is same as Example 1, the difference is that: do not added in the alloy of institute's melting Sr and
La。
Comparative example 2
Not specified step is same as Example 1, the difference is that: La is not added in the alloy of institute's melting.
Comparative example 3
Not specified step is same as Example 1, the difference is that: Sr is not added in the alloy of institute's melting.
Cast Al-Si alloy sample modification effect and crystal grain prepared by comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and embodiment 1
The situation of change of thinning effect is as shown in figure 4, the average length of the Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys of the left longitudinal axis, average aspect ratio, average area are used for
Modification effect is characterized, numerical value is lower, and expression modification effect is better, and the primary crystal aluminium grain size of the right longitudinal axis is for characterizing crystal grain refinement
Effect, numerical value is lower, and expression thinning effect is better.By taking Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys length as an example, aluminium is cast for the hypoeutectic after Al-B is refined
For silicon alloy, it is not added with Sr and La or both and only adds its a period of time, the average length of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is all larger than 13 microns in alloy,
And when Sr and La synergistic effect, Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys average length is 3.96 microns.In addition, after addition Sr and La, alloy primary crystal aluminium grain
Having a size of 250.27 microns, lower than only adding 291.42 microns of La, it is slightly above not added with 235.61 microns of Sr or La and only
237.78 microns for adding Sr.
The result shows that just the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy after Al-B is refined can be made to exist only when Sr and La are added jointly
The effect of crystal grain refinement is not damaged while obtaining ideal modification effect.
In order to prove that really influence Sr containing microelement, the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy modification effect of La, B and crystal grain are thin
Change the deciding factor of effect first is that La/B mass ratio, on the component base designed by embodiment 1, fixed Sr/B mass
Than adjusting La additive amount to change La/B mass ratio, designing embodiment 2, embodiment 3.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, is particular in that:
In the present embodiment,
Not specified step is same as Example 1, the difference is that: addition La by mass percentage 0.029%
It feeds intake, La/B mass values are 1.45 at this time.
Embodiment 3
Not specified step is same as Example 1, the difference is that: addition La by mass percentage 0.099%
It feeds intake, La/B mass values are 4.95 at this time.
Cast Al-Si alloy sample modification effect and crystal grain prepared by comparative example 2, embodiment 2, embodiment 1 and embodiment 3
The situation of change of thinning effect is as shown in figure 5, when La/B mass ratio is lower than 2.45, and there are critical values, when La/B mass ratio is low
When this critical value, alloy loses modification effect, is in non-status degenerativus, but primary crystal aluminium grain size is without significant change；Work as La/
When B mass ratio is greater than 2.45, primary crystal aluminium grain size significantly increases trend, but modification effect is without significant change.
The result shows that really influencing the decision of the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy modification effect of Sr containing microelement, La, B
Sexual factor first is that La/B mass ratio, La/B mass, which is greater than critical value, can get ideal modification effect, and La/B mass ratio should not surpass
5 are crossed, otherwise the crystallite dimension of primary crystal aluminium can further increase.
In order to prove the decisive of the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy modification effect for really influencing Sr containing microelement, La, B
Factor first is that Sr/B mass ratio, fixed La/B mass ratio adjusts Sr additive amount to change Sr/B mass ratio, design embodiment 4,
Embodiment 5.
Embodiment 4
Not specified step is same as Example 1, the difference is that: in prioritization scheme " area C " boundary, take into
Branch " ▲ ", i.e. Sr/B mass ratio be 0.63, with La/B mass ratio be 2.02 be added La, by Sr, La and B mass percent according to
Secondary is 0.031%, 0.099%, 0.049% to be added in alloy melt.
Embodiment 5
Not specified step is same as Example 1, the difference is that: in prioritization scheme " area C " boundary, take into
Branch " ■ ", i.e. Sr/B mass ratio be 1.26, with La/B mass ratio be 2.02 be added La, by Sr, La and B mass percent according to
Secondary is 0.062%, 0.099%, 0.049% to be added in alloy melt.
It intercepts the position away from 2 centimeters of casting bottom and carries out metallographic observation, microstructure of the alloy photo such as Fig. 6 institute in embodiment 4
To show, the average length of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is 6.15 microns, average aspect ratio 2.61, and average area is 5.84 square microns, go bad etc.
Grade is 4 grades；Microstructure of the alloy photo in embodiment 5 as shown in fig. 7, Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys average length be 2.72 microns, average aspect ratio
It is 1.95, average area is 1.66 square microns, and metamorphic rank is 6 grades.Make Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys average length after improving Sr/B mass ratio
Decline 56%, average aspect ratio decline 25%, average area decline 72%, metamorphic rank promotes 2 grades.
The result shows that really influencing the decision of the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy modification effect of Sr containing microelement, La, B
Sexual factor first is that Sr/B mass ratio, Sr/B mass ratio is properly increased in prioritization scheme composition range can make hypoeutectic cast aluminium
The modification effect of silicon alloy is obviously improved, and metamorphic rank can be promoted to the superlative degree.
Work is obviously improved in order to prove that the addition of La has the modification effect of the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy containing Sr, B
With the inventory of microelement Sr, B in fixed Al-10Si alloy compare the rotten effect of alloy in the case of two kinds that whether add La
Fruit designs embodiment 6, comparative example 4.
Embodiment 6
Not specified step is same as Example 1, the difference is that: in the composition range " B that the present invention is protected
In area ", take above the prior art " area A " at branch " ◆ ", i.e., Sr/B mass ratio is 0.392, with La/B mass ratio for 1.25
La is added, is followed successively by 0.031%, 0.099%, 0.079% by the mass percent of Sr, La and B and is added in alloy melt.
Comparative example 4
Not specified step is same as Example 1, the difference is that: in the composition range " B that the present invention is protected
In area ", take above the prior art " area A " at branch " ◆ ", i.e., Sr/B mass ratio is 0.392, La is not added, by Sr's and B
Mass percent is followed successively by 0.031%, 0.079% and is added in alloy melt.
It intercepts the position away from 2 centimeters of casting bottom and carries out metallographic observation, microstructure of the alloy photo such as Fig. 8 institute in embodiment 6
To show, the average length of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is 6.86 microns, average aspect ratio 2.75, and average area is 6.04 square microns, go bad etc.
Grade is 2 grades；Microstructure of the alloy photo in comparative example 4 as shown in figure 9, Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys average length be 10.52 microns, average aspect ratio
It is 4.18, average area is 12.72 square microns, and metamorphic rank is 4 grades.Decline Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys average length after La is added
35%, average aspect ratio decline 34%, average area decline 53%, metamorphic rank promotes 4 grades.
The result shows that the addition of La, which has the modification effect of the hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy containing Sr, B, is obviously improved work
With.
In conclusion the above embodiment of the present invention hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners, by element mass percent
For Si:6.000-12.600%；Sr:0.001-0.150%, La or RE:0.020-0.122%, B:0.001-0.150%, and
And Sr/B mass ratio is not more than 1.351, La/B or RE/B mass ratio between 1-5；Surplus is mainly that the requirement of Al is stocked up,
And by following smelting operation: 1, melted alloy；2, refine degasification；3, charging；4, it casts after heat preservation, obtained alloy.Gained
In alloy the average length of eutectic silicon be 2.25-6.86 microns, average aspect ratio 1.87-2.75, average area by for
1.66-6.04 square micron；Metamorphism treatment does not cause to significantly affect to primary crystal aluminium size, before and after the processing primary crystal aluminium grain size by
235.61 ± 21.77 microns rise to 250.27 ± 23.03 microns of amplification no more than 6.3%；Metamorphic rank is 4-6 grades.It is rotten
Validity period is 2-3 hours.Compared with the existing technology, modifying element Sr, La, B total amount of feeding reduces in prioritization scheme of the present invention
62.3-72.5%, the sum of mass fraction of modifying element is only 0.022-0.237% in product；Production time reduces 37.5-
52.0%, it is only necessary to 60-100 minutes, there is high economic value.
Combination attached drawing of the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, it can be with
The purpose of innovation and creation according to the present invention makes a variety of variations, under the Spirit Essence and principle of all technical solutions according to the present invention
Change, modification, substitution, combination or the simplification made, should be equivalent substitute mode, as long as meeting goal of the invention of the invention,
Without departing from the technical principle and inventive concept of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners of the present invention, belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners, it is characterised in that: total in the Asia of 6-12.6% to silicon mass fraction
Brilliant alusil alloy carries out Metamorphism treatment, come regulate and control cast Al-Si alloy eutectic silicon morphology and size, obtaining Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is in
The hypoeutectic al-si alloy tissue of staple fiber shape；In the efficient Metamorphism treatment of progress hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy, closed with Al-La
Gold, any one alloy in lanthanum rich rare earth aluminium alloy Al-RE, Al-Sr alloy, Al-B alloy contain aluminium and silicon materials for original
Material, stocks up by following element mass percent requirement, and carries out the target hypoeutectic obtained after following smelting operation casting
Alusil alloy；Element mass percent as described below is feed ratio, and for each element in different material, element weighs ratio
It is required that are as follows: Si:6.000-12.600%；Sr:0.001-0.150%；La or RE:0.020-0.122%；B:0.001-
0.150%；And Sr/B mass ratio is no more than 1.351, La/B or RE/B mass ratio between 1-5；Surplus is mainly Al；It is described
The metamorphism treatment method of hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy uses following method of smelting process and step:
(1) Al-Si alloy is melted:
Shaft furnace sky furnace is first warming up to 745-755 DEG C, keeps the temperature moisture, aqueous vapor and greasy dirt impurity in 10-15 minutes removing furnaces, so
The raw material of the material containing aluminium and silicon is added afterwards, carries out heat preservation 20-40 minutes, after silicon is completely dissolved in molten aluminum, it is equal to obtain ingredient
The silicon mass fraction of even Al-Si alloy melt, Al-Si alloy melt is not less than 6%；
(2) degassing procedure is refined:
The degasifier of the 0.1-0.2% of total mass of raw material is added into the Al-Si alloy melt prepared in the step (1),
And before degasifier is added, degasifier is wrapped with aluminium foil be placed in shaft furnace uphole end pre-heating drying first, and together
Preheat stainless steel bell jar；When degasifier is added, it is depressed into melt bottom with stainless steel bell jar, is kept for 1-3 minutes, until degasifier is not
Bell jar is taken out after obviously releasing nitrogen again, then is passed through argon gas into Al-Si alloy melt, and according to every liter of Al-Si alloy
The flow that argon gas is passed through in melt is the argon gas flow velocity of 0.1-0.7 L/min, controls argon gas supply, and maintains to be passed through argon gas 5-
10 minutes, complete the refining degassing procedure of Al-Si alloy melt；
(3) alloying process:
Charging Alloying Treatment is carried out into the Al-Si alloy melt for completing refining degasification in the step (2), to Al-Si
The temperature of alloy melt is stablized at 745-755 DEG C, and Al-B alloy, Al-La alloy or the Al- wrapped up with aluminium foil is sequentially added
The addition time interval of RE alloy, Al-Sr alloy, control not same alloy is 20-30 second, and holding does not destroy melt table when addition
Each raw material packet that aluminium foil wraps up directly is depressed into inside Al-Si alloy melt by the oxide layer that face has been formed with graphite rod, is made each
Melting sources obtain ingredient uniformly Sr containing microelement, the Al-Si alloy melt of La, B or Sr containing microelement, RE, B
Al-Si alloy melt；
(4) casting hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy:
To the Al-Si alloy melt prepared in the step (3), using casting method after heat preservation, holding temperature 745-755
DEG C, soaking time is 20-30 minutes, then scoops Al-Si alloy melt surface scum with slag scoop, then with graphite rod to aluminium silicon
Alloy melt is oriented stirring, and stirring continues 10-40 seconds, covers shaft furnace lid and kept the temperature, reach 745-755 DEG C to temperature
When, Al-Si alloy melt is poured into the cast iron die preheated in 200-250 DEG C of environment, it is solidifying to Al-Si alloy melt
Consolidate and after cooling down, mold takes out casting, to obtain hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy.
2. hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners according to claim 1, which is characterized in that change in the raw material before feeding intake
Learn element composition and mass percent are as follows: 6.000-12.600%；Sr:0.001-0.066%, La or RE:0.020-
0.122%, B:0.001-0.079%, and Sr/B mass ratio, between 0.392-1.351, La/B or RE/B mass ratio exists
Between 1.25-4.95；Surplus is mainly Al.
3. hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners according to claim 2, which is characterized in that change in the raw material before feeding intake
It learns element composition and mass percent meets following condition: Si:6.000-10.000%；Sr:0.015-0.062%, La or RE:
0.029-0.099%, B:0.002-0.079%, and Sr/B mass ratio are between 0.392-1.260, La/B or RE/B mass
Than between 1.25-4.95；Surplus is mainly Al.
4. hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners according to claim 3, which is characterized in that change in the raw material before feeding intake
It learns element composition and mass percent meets following condition: Si:6.000-10.000%；Sr:0.015-0.062%, La or RE:
0.049-0.099%, B:0.002-0.079%, and Sr/B mass ratio are between 0.75-1.260, La/B or RE/B mass ratio
Between 2.02-4.95；Surplus is mainly Al.
5. hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners according to claim 4, which is characterized in that change in the raw material before feeding intake
It learns element composition and mass percent meets following condition: Si:6.000-10.000%；Sr:0.015-0.062%, La or RE:
0.049-0.099%, B:0.002-0.079%, and Sr/B mass ratio are between 0.75-1.260, La/B or RE/B mass ratio
Between 2.45-4.95；Surplus is mainly Al.
6. hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (1),
The raw material of the material containing aluminium and silicon is using commercial-purity aluminium and industrial silicon or ZL 101 alloy.
7. hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (3),
The mass fraction of La or RE is 5-20% in the Al-La alloy or Al-RE alloy, and with Al4La、Al11La3Or Al4RE、
Al11RE3Phase form exists；
Sr mass fraction is 5-10% in the Al-Sr alloy, and with Al4Sr phase form exists；
B mass fraction is 3-8% and with AlB in the Al-B alloy2、AlB12Phase form exists.
8. hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (4),
In obtained hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy, the average length of eutectic silicon grains is 2.25-6.86 microns, and average aspect ratio is
1.87-2.75, average area are 1.66-6.04 square micron；Primary crystal aluminium grain is having a size of 250.27 ± 23.03 microns.
9. hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy Modification Manners according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (4),
Before hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy of casting, the rotten validity period in hypoeutectic cast aluminium-silicon alloy insulating process is 2-3 hours.
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