Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of to guarantee piston mass, the single feeder head eutectic Al-Si alloy piston material low temperature heat processing method that reduces production costs again.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of single feeder head eutectic Al-Si alloy piston material low temperature heat processing method, and carry out according to the following steps: a), the piston after will casting is heated to 480 ℃ ± 5 ℃ in pit furnace, insulation 1.5h comes out of the stove; B), adopt 50 ℃ of-80 ℃ of water to carry out quench cooled; C), quenching then is warming up to 160 ℃ ± 5 ℃ with piston in well formula aging oven, be incubated 5h and carry out the artificial aging processing, subsequently, comes out of the stove and carries out air cooling, finishes the thermal treatment whole process of piston material; As follows by the every performance index of eutectic Al-Si alloy piston material after the low-temperature heat treatment: HB110~130, same piston difference of hardness are less than 5 HBS, and same stove piston difference of hardness is not more than 15 HBS; Tensile strength: σ
B (20 ℃)〉=247.49MPa, σ
B (300 ℃)〉=114.45MPa; Linear expansivity: α
Room temperature-200 ℃≤ 20.37 * 10
-6/ ℃, α
Room temperature-300 ℃〉=-30021.86 * 10
-6/ ℃; Volume stability: δ≤0.011%D.The eutectic Al-Si alloy piston material thermal treatment process, utilize afterheat in casting direct quenching or casting back to reheat quenching after the casting at pit furnace, carrying out artificial aging at well formula aging oven after quenching handles, timeliness is fixed in a certain temperature (for example: 220 ℃) carries out, and handles through finishing artificial aging after the certain hour insulation (for example: 8 hours).Come out of the stove after the timeliness and carry out naturally cooling, finish the thermal treatment whole process of piston material.Improve the every performance index of piston by heat-treatment quenching+artificial aging, make it to reach art work sheet the piston performance demands.Fig. 1 illustrates eutectic Al-Si alloy material piston and utilizes immediate quenching+artificial aging heat treatment cycle curve.Fig. 2 illustrates the conventional T6 heat treatment cycle curve of eutectic Al-Si alloy material.
Piston IC engine piston technical qualification GB/T1148-93 regulation, the eutectic Al-Si alloy material performance requirement is hardness: HB95~130, and same piston difference of hardness is not more than 10 HBS, and same stove piston difference of hardness is not more than 30 HBS; Tensile strength: σ
b〉=196MPa, σ
300 ℃〉=69MPa; Volume stability: δ≤0.03%D.
Performance index were as follows after existing eutectic Al-Si alloy material piston utilized immediate quenching or conventional T6 thermal treatment:
Hardness: HB107~129, same piston difference of hardness is not more than 10 HBS;
Tensile strength: σ
b〉=246.01MPa, σ
300 ℃〉=112.605MPa;
Linear expansivity: α
Room temperature-200≤ 20.74 * 10
-6/ ℃, α
Room temperature-300≤ 22.51 * 10
-6/ ℃;
Volume stability: δ≤0.023%D.
Improve and guarantee that some performance of piston adopts the way that prolongs the piston artificial aging time to reach requirement.
Adopt at present afterheat in casting direct quenching, the back of quenching differs bigger at the uniformity of hardness that well formula aging oven carries out the piston of the explained hereafter that artificial aging handles, and the otherness of volume stability is also bigger; Employing reheats quenching at pit furnace, carries out the production cost height of the piston of artificial aging process for producing after quenching at well formula aging oven, and heat treatment cycle is long, and efficient is low, the energy consumption height.
The beneficial effect of single feeder head eutectic Al-Si alloy piston material low-temperature heat treatment technology of the present invention is:
1, the piston of using the technical finesse of eutectic Al-Si alloy material piston low-temperature heat treatment with utilize afterheat in casting direct quenching after carry out the artificial aging processing at well formula aging oven and compare, the piston uniformity of hardness that low temperature heat-treatment process is handled, when obtaining high hardness and high room temperature tensile strength, volume stability has bigger lifting;
2, use eutectic Al-Si alloy material piston low-temperature heat treatment technical finesse piston and reheat quenching at pit furnace with the casting back, carrying out the artificial aging treatment process at well formula aging oven after quenching compares, low temperature heat-treatment process has reduced piston production energy consumption cost, shorten the heat treated production cycle of piston, improved 33% labor productivity.
3, eutectic Al-Si alloy material piston low temperature heat-treatment process, also much smaller because thermal treatment temp is lower to the life-span influence of heat treatment furnace, reduce maintenance of equipment time and maintenance cost, thereby further reduce the thermal treatment cost.
The heat treated principle analysis of eutectic Al-Si alloy material at low temperature of the present invention:
Eutectic Al-Si alloy material composition (%): Si:11~13; Cu:0.5~1.5; Mn :≤0.2; Mg:0.8~1.3; Ni:0.8~1.5; Fe :≤0.7; All the other Al.
When 480 ℃ of low temperature insulation solution treatment, Mg2Si, CuAl2 (θ phase), Al3Ni, Al3 strengthening phases such as (CuNi) dissolve in the αGu Rongti, contain not molten primary phase particulate non-dendritic structure simultaneously, make liquid/solid phase diffusion not reach balance, thereby become the non-dendritic structure of owing solid solution, these non-dendritic structures of owing solid solution are through becoming passivation, and it is thick can not become, thereby can not cause grain growth.
160 ℃ of ageing treatment, Mg2Si, CuAl2 (θ phase), Al3Ni, Al3 solution strengthening such as (CuNi) are separated out mutually, and the non-dendritic structure of owing the solid solution passivation may hinder the segregation of gathering of solution strengthening phase, make it to be disperse phase and distribute, alloy structure is tiny evenly, is and organizes stable state.Thereby make piston have high room temperature tensile strength, high rigidity has promoted volume stability uniformly.
Embodiment
Fig. 3 illustrates, and a kind of single feeder head eutectic Al-Si alloy piston material low temperature heat processing method carries out according to the following steps: a), the piston after will casting is heated to 480 ℃ ± 5 ℃ in pit furnace, insulation 1.5h comes out of the stove; B), adopt 50 ℃ of-80 ℃ of water to carry out quench cooled; C), quenching then is warming up to 160 ℃ ± 5 ℃ with piston with stove in well formula aging oven, be incubated 5h and carry out the artificial aging processing, subsequently, comes out of the stove and carries out air cooling, finishes the thermal treatment whole process of piston material; Surpass art work sheet by the every performance index of eutectic Al-Si alloy piston material after the low-temperature heat treatment and require every performance index.Specific requirement is as follows:
Hardness: HB110~130, same piston difference of hardness are less than 5 HBS, and same stove piston difference of hardness is not more than 15 HBS;
Tensile strength: σ
B (20 ℃)〉=240MPa, σ
B (300 ℃)〉=100MPa;
Linear expansivity: α
Room temperature-200 ℃≤ 20.5 * 10
-6/ ℃, α
Room temperature-300 ℃≤ 22 * 10
-6/ ℃;
Volume stability: δ≤0.015D.
For the accuracy that guarantees to test, need each link of producing is monitored, process is as follows:
1, alloy smelting process:
(1) prepare melting equipment, instrument and stokehold
Melting equipment: gas blower, natural gas reverberatory furnace 2T claims crusher, thermocouple temperature measurement instrument;
Melting instrument: peel. the slag hitting rake. stirring tool. stop up. filtering net. slag waggon. the car of getting the raw materials ready. the alloy ingot mould;
Prepare the stokehold:
Fill in the batching advice note by Chemical Composition requirement technician, the starting material that alloy class receives acceptance(check) according to the batching advice note from storehouse (because silicon is own broken, are noted lumpiness: 20-50mm), fill in the batching source recording
The slag hitting rake. stirring tool alloy ingot mould must be coated with zinc oxide, waters wooden dipper and must be coated with stone eyebrow ink solution, could use after the oven dry
(2) reinforced melting
Earlier required whole silicon are uniformly distributed in burner hearth bottom, the 60-80% that will be equipped with good fine aluminium ingot total amount with loading board advances stove then, and silicon is all covered, intact after with the Gu plate, the Ni plate is added near bocca at the middle and upper levels, begins to light a fire to melt; Be warming up to surfaces of aluminum liquid in the pasty state after, add aluminium-manganese master alloy, add foundry returns simultaneously, continue to be warming up to 850-880 ℃ and be incubated the diffusion melting, insulation diffusion time is 10-20 minute;
Aluminium liquid through being incubated the diffusion melting must leave standstill and carry out refining degassing processing (adding insulating covering agent 0.3-0.5% in 15-20 minute again, nontoxic refining agent: 0.2-0.3%) fully stir with stirring tool, slag hitting adds magnesium (adding 760-780 ℃ of magnesium temperature) and fully stirs then, leave standstill sampling after 5 minutes, treat that composition can water outlet water ingot after qualified;
Must use filtering net during water outlet, must stir once midway.
(3) on-the-spot melting
Melting tool using: bell jar. the slagging-off wooden dipper. the necessary before use coating of thermopair;
At first should clean out on-the-spot crucible, add the off-the-shelf alloy of the same trade mark and be incubated;
When treating temperature of aluminum liquid to 760-780 ℃, add P (phosphorus) salt (outsourcing) the 0.1-0.2% processing of going bad, treatment process is: with the bell jar that is coated with punishment in advance alterant is pressed near at the bottom of the crucible, move gently abreast and finish until reaction, compression distance can suitably be adjusted according to the reaction severe degree, handled 12 minutes with getter, left standstill 15-20 minute, add slagging agent and skim.Check the triangle style, determine that gas closes modification effect. iron phase, can use after qualified.Normal good patterned surface should have tortoise spot shape to occur, and fracture is a fine texture, and even primary silicon bright spot is arranged, otherwise, must leave standstill again, inoculating and refining is handled again, until qualified.
2, cast-in-site
The piston casting mold is removed clean, preheating and carried out rising head coating, and Piston mould is assemblied in and carries out whole preheating on the worktable again, carries out coating by casting technique requirements after the whole preheating, and the 4th piston that normal water flowing is poured into a mould is as the initial workpiece blank of ordinary production.
3, sample extracts
This experiment is that piston by the production scene ordinary production carries out the scene and extracts with piston, carries out the low-temperature heat treatment experiment, and each component composition (%) by weight percentage requires as follows in the piston aluminum silicon alloy material:
Si:11~13; Cu:0.5~1.5; Mn :≤0.2; Mg:0.8~1.3; Ni:0.8~1.5; Fe :≤0.7; All the other Al.
Embodiment 1, and each component (%) is composed as follows in the described alloy:
Si:12.18; Cu:1.15; Mn:0.16; Mg:1.10; Ni:0.86; Fe:0.49; All the other Al.
Embodiment 2, and each component (%) is composed as follows in the alloy:
Si:12.62; Cu:1.12; Mn:0.15; Mg:1.09; Ni:0.88; Fe:0.39; All the other Al.
Embodiment 3, and each component (%) is composed as follows in the alloy:
Si:12.60; Cu:1.14; Mn:0.15; Mg:1.10; Ni:0.85; Fe:0.43; All the other Al.
Embodiment 4, and each component (%) is composed as follows in the alloy:
Si:12.53; Cu:1.16; Mn:0.16; Mg:1.09; Ni:0.90; Fe:0.41; All the other Al.
Embodiment 5, and each component (%) is composed as follows in the alloy:
Si:12.32; Cu:1.17; Mn:0.17; Mg:1.10; Ni:0.84; Fe:0.45; All the other Al.
Embodiment 6, and each component (%) is composed as follows in the alloy:
Si:12.48; Cu:1.15; Mn:0.15; Mg; 1.08; Ni:0.86; Fe:0.42; All the other Al.
Embodiment 7, and each component (%) is composed as follows in the alloy:
Si:12.57; Cu:1.16; Mn:0.16; Mg:1.11; Ni:0.88; Fe:0.43; All the other Al.
4, thermal treatment process
Quench treatment: the piston after will casting is heated to 480 ℃ ± 5 ℃ in pit furnace, insulation 1.5h come out of the stove (℃ heating-up time 〉=40, charging temperature≤420 minute); Carry out quench cooled at 50 ℃ of-80 ℃ of water subsequently;
Ageing treatment: the back of quenching is warming up to 160 ℃ ± 5 ℃ with piston with stove in well formula aging oven, and insulation 5h carries out artificial aging and handles (charging temperature≤120 ℃, heating-up time 〉=20 minute), comes out of the stove subsequently and carries out air cooling.
5, Performance Detection
Corresponding material mechanical performance under specific examples and the heat treatments at different
By repeatedly testing and experimental data being analyzed: in order to reduce the thermal treatment process cost of piston, guarantee under the piston visual appearance situation, use 480 ℃ ± 5 ℃ insulation 1.5h, 50~80 ℃ of quenching-in waters, 160 ℃ ± 5 ℃ insulation timeliness 5h, every experimental data performance of the piston of the art breading of natural aging 24h is as follows: hardness: HB110~130, same piston difference of hardness are less than 5 HBS, and same stove piston difference of hardness is not more than 15 HBS; Tensile strength: σ
B (20 ℃)〉=247.49MPa, σ
B (300 ℃)〉=114.45MPa; Linear expansivity: α
Room temperature-200 ℃≤ 20.37 * 10
-6/ ℃, α
Room temperature-300 ℃≤ 21.86 * 10
-6/ ℃; Volume stability: δ≤0.011D.Every performance data of piston all meets the performance index requirement of piston product requirement.