CN114737091A - Die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile component and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile component and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114737091A
CN114737091A CN202210247069.9A CN202210247069A CN114737091A CN 114737091 A CN114737091 A CN 114737091A CN 202210247069 A CN202210247069 A CN 202210247069A CN 114737091 A CN114737091 A CN 114737091A
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die
aluminum alloy
casting
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automobile
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张莹
祁明凡
康永林
王继成
李谷南
邓蒨瑜
黄子强
任怀德
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Zhuhai Runxingtai Electrical Equipment Co Ltd
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Zhuhai Runxingtai Electrical Equipment Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy (semi-solid state) die-casting. The die-casting aluminum alloy mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8.0-11.0% of Si, 0.1-0.5% of Mg, 0.1-1.0% of Co, 0.1-0.5% of Cd, 0.01-0.05% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the total amount of unavoidable impurities is less than 0.2%. The formed part prepared by (semi-solid state) die-casting of the aluminum alloy has good toughness, and can meet the performance requirements of (new energy) automobile auxiliary frames, chassis, shock absorbers and integrated battery packs as representative large-scale thin-wall automobile body structure die-casting parts of middle and high-end automobiles.

Description

Die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile component and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the advance of energy-saving and environment-friendly work, the light weight of automobiles becomes an important development direction. In view of the safety of driving and the comfort of passengers, some complicated large-scale sections are often required to be designed on the profile structure, so that the production difficulty of the profile is high. The existing aluminum alloy for die casting is mainly Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy, such as ADC10, ADC12 and the like. Although the Al-Si series cast aluminum alloys with the marks have good casting fluidity and machining performance, the problems of low strength or toughness generally exist, and the wider application of the die-casting aluminum alloys in automobile parts is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components, which has good obdurability and can be used for forming large-section thin-wall automobile aluminum alloy components.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile component.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a heat sink with high thermal conductivity and good heat dissipation effect.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components, which mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
8.0-11.0% of Si, 0.1-0.5% of Mg, 0.1-1.0% of Co, 0.1-0.5% of Cd, 0.01-0.05% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the total amount of unavoidable impurities is less than 0.2%.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the total content of Co and Cr is 0.65-0.8%.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the projection area of the automobile component is more than or equal to 0.5m2The maximum wall thickness is less than or equal to 5 mm.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 320MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 250MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 6%.
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile component, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials according to the proportion of components of the die-casting aluminum alloy, and smelting at 700-750 ℃ to obtain a melt;
(2) refining the melt;
(3) carrying out die-casting molding on the refined melt to obtain a formed piece;
(4) and carrying out heat treatment on the formed piece to obtain a die-casting aluminum alloy finished product for the automobile component.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (2), a refining agent and/or a refining gas is added into the melt for refining; the refining agent is chlorine salt, and the refining gas is argon or nitrogen.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (3), a semi-solid die-casting method is adopted for forming, wherein the solid fraction of the semi-solid slurry is 1-60 wt%, the temperature of a die is 150-250 ℃, the slow injection speed is 0.05-0.3 m/s, the fast injection speed is 0.5-4 m/s, the injection specific pressure is 50-100 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 3-15 s.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (3), a liquid-state die-casting method is adopted for forming, wherein the temperature of the die is 150-250 ℃, the slow injection speed is 0.05-0.3 m/s, the fast injection speed is 0.5-4 m/s, the injection specific pressure is 50-100 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 3-15 s.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the step (4) comprises the following steps:
(4.1) carrying out solid solution treatment on the semi-finished product at 480-540 ℃ for 2-4 h, and cooling;
and (4.2) carrying out aging treatment on the semi-finished product after the solution treatment to obtain a die-casting aluminum alloy finished product for the automobile component.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (4.2), the aging temperature is 170-230 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 4-24 h.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 8.0-11.0% of Si, 0.1-0.5% of Mg, 0.1-1.0% of Co, 0.1-0.5% of Cd, 0.01-0.05% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.2% of impurities, and the balance of Al. The combination of the components can endow the alloy with excellent toughness performance. Specifically, the tensile strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 320MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 250MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 6 percent, and the die-casting aluminum alloy can meet the toughness performance requirements of large thin-wall body structure die-casting parts of middle-high vehicle types represented by (new energy) automobile auxiliary frames, chassis, shock absorbers and integrated battery packs.
2. The die-casting aluminum alloy semi-solid forming window is wider, the solid-liquid line temperature interval is more than or equal to 30 ℃, the solid-liquid phase fraction changes smoothly along with the temperature, the accurate control of the solid-phase fraction is easy in the semi-solid slurry preparation process, and the die-casting aluminum alloy semi-solid forming window is suitable for semi-solid die-casting high-quality high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy structural parts.
3. The die-casting aluminum alloy does not have the defect that Al-Cu series high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy (semi-solid state) is easy to crack during die-casting forming, and the die-casting forming yield is high;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure view of a die-cast aluminum alloy for automobile parts prepared in example 3 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure view of a die-cast aluminum alloy for automotive parts prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure view of a die-cast aluminum alloy for automobile parts prepared in comparative example 2;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure view of a die-cast aluminum alloy for automobile parts prepared in comparative example 3;
FIG. 5 is a eutectic structure diagram of a die-cast aluminum alloy for automobile parts prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a eutectic structure diagram of a die-cast aluminum alloy for automotive parts prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a eutectic structure diagram of a die-cast aluminum alloy for automobile parts prepared in comparative example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a eutectic structure diagram of a die-cast aluminum alloy for automobile parts prepared in comparative example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components, which mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
8.0-11.0% of Si, 0.1-0.5% of Mg, 0.1-1.0% of Co, 0.1-0.5% of Cd, 0.01-0.05% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the total amount of unavoidable impurities is less than 0.2%.
Wherein Si and Mg may form Mg2Si phase, which has strengthening effect on the matrix. In addition, Si also exists in the form of eutectic silicon, and meanwhile, the excellent flowing and filling property is ensured during die casting/semi-solid die casting, the forming of large thin-wall complex structural parts is facilitated, and the good matching of the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy can also be ensured. Specifically, the content of Si is 8.0 to 11.0 wt%, and is exemplified by 8.5 wt%, 9 wt%, 9.5 wt%, 10 wt%, 10.5 wt%, or 10.8 wt%, but not limited thereto. The content of Mg is 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, illustratively 0.15 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.35 wt%, 0.4 wt%, or 0.45 wt%, but is not limited thereto.
The Co can improve the appearance of the iron-rich phase, refine and spheroidize the iron-rich phase, not only replaces Mn element, but also avoids the weakening of the Mn element to the toughness of the aluminum alloy; in addition, Co element can reduce the spacing between secondary dendrite arms, enhance feeding capacity and reduce the hot cracking tendency of the alloy. Specifically, the content of Co is 0.1 to 1 wt%, and exemplary is 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8 wt%, or 0.9 wt%, but not limited thereto.
Wherein Cd has a certain refining effect on alpha-Al, and the compound modification of Cd and Sr simultaneously leads the size of eutectic silicon to be obviously refined (the size of the eutectic silicon is less than 1 mu m), simultaneously solves the problem of independent Sr modification timeliness and realizes long-term effective modification. In addition, a large amount of dispersed Cd-rich nano-reinforcing particles are precipitated from Cd in the aging process, so that the toughness of the alloy is greatly improved. Specifically, the content of Cd is 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, and exemplary is 0.15 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.35 wt%, 0.4 wt%, or 0.45 wt%, but not limited thereto. The Sr content is 0.01 to 0.05 wt%, and is illustratively 0.01 wt%, 0.02 wt%, 0.03 wt%, 0.04 wt%, or 0.05 wt%, but is not limited thereto.
Preferably, in the invention, the total content of Co and Cr is controlled to be 0.65-0.8%; based on the control, the toughness of the aluminum alloy can be effectively optimized.
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses the die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile component, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials according to the component proportion of the die-casting aluminum alloy, and smelting at 700-750 ℃ to obtain a melt;
specifically, the smelting furnace is heated to 700-750 ℃, then various raw materials are added, the raw materials are heated and completely melted, and the mixture is stirred for 3-15 min, so that various alloy elements are homogenized.
Specifically, the Si-containing raw material can be Al- (1-20) Si alloy, but is not limited to the above; the magnesium-containing raw material can be pure magnesium ingot, but is not limited to the magnesium ingot; the Co-containing material may be Al- (1-20) Co alloy, but is not limited thereto; the Cd-containing material can be Al- (1-20) Cd alloy, but is not limited thereto; the Sr-containing material may be Al- (1-20) Sr alloy, but is not limited thereto. In addition, some industrial pure aluminum ingots can be added as the source of aluminum according to the mixture ratio.
(2) Refining the melt;
specifically, a refining agent and/or refining gas is added into the melt for refining, and then the melt is kept stand for 3-20min for slagging off. Among them, the refining agent is a chlorine salt, exemplified by potassium chloride and/or magnesium chloride, but not limited thereto. The refining gas is argon or nitrogen.
(3) Carrying out die-casting molding on the refined melt to obtain a formed piece;
specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, a traditional liquid die-casting molding is adopted, and specific process parameters thereof are as follows: the temperature of the die is 150-250 ℃, the slow injection speed is 0.05-0.3 m/s, the fast injection speed is 0.5-4 m/s, the injection specific pressure is 50-100 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 3-15 s, but the method is not limited to this.
In another embodiment of the invention, semi-solid die casting is used for forming. The semi-solid die casting method is to stir strongly in the solidification process of liquid metal to break the dendrite network skeleton which is easy to form in ordinary casting to form dispersed granular structure form, so as to prepare semi-solid metal liquid, and then to die-cast the semi-solid metal liquid into blank or casting. In the ordinary casting process, primary crystals grow up in a dendritic crystal mode, and when the solid phase rate reaches about 0.2, the dendritic crystals form a continuous network framework and lose the macroscopic fluidity. In the semi-solid die casting method, the liquid metal is intensively stirred in the cooling process from the liquid phase to the solid phase, so that a dendritic network framework which is easy to form in the common casting forming process is broken, and a dispersed granular tissue form is reserved and suspended in the residual liquid phase. The granular non-dendritic microstructure still has certain rheological property when the solid phase ratio reaches 0.5-0.6, so that the metal can be formed by utilizing the conventional forming process such as die casting, extrusion, die forging and the like. The semisolid die casting has small solidification shrinkage rate, can avoid the defects of shrinkage cavity, looseness, die sticking and the like, and can prepare various parts with thinner wall thickness, more compact tissues and higher mechanical properties. Specifically, the solid fraction of the semi-solid slurry is 1-60 wt%, the temperature of the die is 150-250 ℃, the slow injection speed is 0.05-0.3 m/s, the fast injection speed is 0.5-4 m/s, the injection specific pressure is 50-100 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 3-15 s.
The preparation method of the semi-solid slurry in the semi-solid die casting method can select mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring, ultrasonic vibration and an inclined cooling plate, but is not limited to the above.
(4) And carrying out heat treatment on the formed piece to obtain a die-casting aluminum alloy finished product for the automobile component.
Specifically, the step (4) comprises the following steps:
(4.1) carrying out solid solution treatment on the semi-finished product at 480-540 ℃ for 2-4 h, and cooling;
specifically, water quenching and cooling are carried out after the solution treatment.
And (4.2) carrying out aging treatment on the semi-finished product after the solution treatment to obtain a die-casting aluminum alloy finished product for the automobile component.
Specifically, the aging temperature is 170-230 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 4-24 h.
Specifically, the present invention subjects the formed part to a T6 heat treatment. Through the synergistic adjustment of the formula and the preparation method, the tensile strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 320MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 250MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 6%.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
example 1
The embodiment provides a die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components, which comprises the following specific components:
8.0 percent of Si, 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.1 percent of Co, 0.5 percent of Cd, 0.05 percent of Sr, 0.12 percent of Fe, 0.15 percent of the total amount of other impurities and the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 750 ℃, adding a calculated and weighed industrial pure aluminum ingot with the aluminum content of more than or equal to 99.7 percent and Al-12Si alloy into the smelting furnace for melting, adding weighed pure Mg and intermediate alloy of Al-5Co, Al-5Cd and Al-3Sr into a melt after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, and stirring for 10 minutes after the intermediate alloy is completely melted/dissolved so as to enable all alloy elements to be uniformly mixed in the melt; the mass of the melt is 1000 kg;
(2) refining: degassing and refining the melt obtained in the step (1) by adopting a rotary argon blowing method (with the ventilation volume of 0.5L/min), standing for 10min, and then slagging off;
(3) forming: pouring the melt obtained in the step (2) into a pressure chamber of a pressure chamber die casting machine of a powerful DCC1600, and performing die-casting forming to prepare an aluminum alloy structural part, wherein the specific die-casting technological parameters are the die temperature of 210 ℃, the slow injection speed of 0.2m/s, the fast injection speed of 3.0m/s, the injection specific pressure of 70MPa and the pressure maintaining time of 8 s;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: and (4) carrying out T6 heat treatment on the aluminum alloy structural part obtained in the step (3), wherein the specific T6 heat treatment process comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment for 2 hours at the temperature of 540 ℃, carrying out aging treatment for 4 hours at the temperature of 230 ℃ after water quenching, and then cooling along with a furnace.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components, which comprises the following specific components:
11.0% of Si, 0.2% of Mg, 0.6% of Co, 0.1% of Cd, 0.01% of Sr, 0.16% of Fe, 0.18% of the total amount of other impurities and the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 710 ℃, adding the calculated and weighed industrial pure aluminum ingot with the aluminum content of more than or equal to 99.7 percent and Al-12Si alloy into the smelting furnace for melting, adding the weighed pure Mg and intermediate alloy of Al-20Co, Al-20Cd and Al-10Sr into the melt after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, and stirring for 6 minutes after the intermediate alloy is completely melted/dissolved so as to enable all alloy elements to be uniformly distributed in the melt;
(2) refining: with the chloride salts KCl and MgCl2Mixture of (KCl) and MgCl25: 1) degassing and refining the melt obtained in the step (1), standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) forming: pouring the melt obtained in the step (2) into a pressure chamber of a powerful DCC400 cold chamber die casting machine, and carrying out die casting forming to prepare an aluminum alloy structural part, wherein the specific die casting process parameters are that the temperature of a die is 180 ℃, the slow injection speed is 0.3m/s, the fast injection speed is 2.5m/s, the injection specific pressure is 80MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5 s;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: and (4) carrying out T6 heat treatment on the aluminum alloy structural part obtained in the step (3), wherein the specific T6 heat treatment process comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment for 10 hours at the temperature of 480 ℃, carrying out aging treatment for 24 hours at the temperature of 180 ℃ after water quenching, and then cooling along with a furnace.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components, which comprises the following specific components:
10.0% of Si, 0.2% of Mg, 0.5% of Co, 0.2% of Cd, 0.03% of Sr, 0.15% of Fe, 0.18% of the total amount of other impurities and the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding a calculated and weighed industrial pure aluminum ingot with the aluminum content of more than or equal to 99.7 percent and Al-12Si alloy into the smelting furnace for melting, adding weighed pure Mg and intermediate alloy of Al-10Co, Al-10Cd and Al-5Sr into a melt after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, and stirring for 5 minutes after the intermediate alloy is completely melted/dissolved so as to ensure that each alloy element is uniformly distributed in the melt;
(2) refining: degassing and refining the melt obtained in the step (1) by adopting a rotary argon blowing method (with the ventilation volume of 1L/min), standing for 5min, and then slagging off;
(3) forming: pouring the melt obtained in the step (2) into a pressure chamber of a powerful DCC400 cold chamber die casting machine, and carrying out die casting forming to prepare an aluminum alloy structural part, wherein the specific die casting process parameters are that the temperature of a die is 200 ℃, the slow injection speed is 0.15m/s, the fast injection speed is 2.8m/s, the injection specific pressure is 75MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5 s;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: carrying out T6 heat treatment on the aluminum alloy structural part obtained in the step (3), wherein the specific T6 heat treatment process comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment for 5 hours at the temperature of 520 ℃, carrying out aging treatment for 8 hours at the temperature of 220 ℃ after water quenching, and then cooling along with a furnace; obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy structural part.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components, which comprises the following specific components:
9.5 percent of Si, 0.2 percent of Mg, 0.4 percent of Co, 0.3 percent of Cd, 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.14 percent of Fe, 0.15 percent of the total amount of other impurities and the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding the calculated and weighed industrial pure aluminum ingot with the aluminum content of more than or equal to 99.7 percent and Al-12Si alloy into the smelting furnace for melting, adding the weighed pure Mg and intermediate alloy of Al-10Co, Al-10Cd and Al-5Sr into the melt after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, and stirring for 5 minutes after the intermediate alloy is completely melted/dissolved so as to enable all alloy elements to be uniformly mixed in the melt;
(2) refining: with KCl and MgCl2Mixture of (KCl) and MgCl25: 1) to the step (1) to obtainDegassing and refining the melt, standing for 5min, and slagging off;
(3) forming: preparing semisolid slurry from the melt obtained in the step (2) by adopting a mechanical stirring method, stirring at the rotating speed of 600r/min for 30s, cooling the melt to a semisolid temperature range (613 ℃), wherein the solid fraction of the obtained semisolid slurry is 5%, pouring the semisolid slurry into a pressure chamber of a powerful DCC400 cold chamber die casting machine, and performing semisolid die casting to prepare an aluminum alloy structural part, wherein the specific die casting process parameters are the die temperature of 200 ℃, the slow injection speed of 0.2m/s, the fast injection speed of 3.1m/s, the injection specific pressure of 80MPa and the pressure maintaining time of 4 s;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: and (4) carrying out T6 heat treatment on the aluminum alloy structural part obtained in the step (3), wherein the specific T6 heat treatment process comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment for 5 hours at 510 ℃, carrying out aging treatment for 6 hours at 200 ℃ after water quenching, and then cooling along with a furnace.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components, which comprises the following specific components:
9.0 percent of Si, 0.1 percent of Mg, 1.0 percent of Co, 0.1 percent of Cd, 0.05 percent of Sr, 0.2 percent of Fe, 0.2 percent of the total amount of other impurities and the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 700 ℃, adding the calculated and weighed industrial pure aluminum ingot with the aluminum content of more than or equal to 99.7 percent and Al-12Si alloy into the smelting furnace for melting, adding the weighed pure Mg and intermediate alloy of Al-5Co, Al-5Cd and Al-3Sr into the melt after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, and stirring for 8 minutes after the intermediate alloy is completely melted/dissolved so as to enable all alloy elements to be uniformly mixed in the melt;
(2) refining: degassing and refining the melt obtained in the step (1) by adopting a rotary argon blowing method (with the ventilation volume of 0.3L/min), standing for 10min, and then slagging off;
(3) forming: preparing semisolid slurry from the melt obtained in the step (2) by adopting an inclined cooling plate method, wherein the length of an inclined plate is 30cm, the width of the inclined plate is 25cm, the temperature of the inclined plate is controlled to be between 80 and 150 ℃ by regulating and controlling the flow rate of circulating water, the temperature of the melt is reduced to a semisolid temperature range (590 ℃), the solid fraction of the obtained semisolid slurry is 53%, then pouring the semisolid slurry into a pressure chamber of a powerful DCC800 cold chamber die casting machine, and carrying out semisolid die casting forming to prepare the aluminum alloy structural part, wherein the specific die casting process parameters are mold temperature 195 ℃, slow injection speed 0.2m/s, fast injection speed 3.8m/s, injection specific pressure 85MPa and pressure maintaining time 6 s;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: carrying out T6 heat treatment on the aluminum alloy structural part obtained in the step (3), wherein the specific T6 heat treatment process comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment for 4 hours at the temperature of 520 ℃, carrying out aging treatment for 6 hours at the temperature of 210 ℃ after water quenching, and then cooling along with a furnace; obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy structural part.
Comparative example 1:
the present comparative example provides a die-cast aluminum alloy for automotive parts, which comprises the following specific components:
10.0 percent of Si, 0.2 percent of Mg, 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.15 percent of Fe and 0.18 percent of the total amount of other impurities.
The preparation method is the same as that of the example 3 except for the smelting step. Specifically, no alloy is added in the smelting step.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example provides a die-cast aluminum alloy for automobile parts, which comprises the following specific components:
10.0 percent of Si, 0.2 percent of Mg, 0.2 percent of Cd, 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.15 percent of Fe and 0.18 percent of the total amount of the rest impurities;
the preparation method is the same as that of example 3 except for the melting step. Specifically, no alloy is added in the melting step.
Comparative example 3
The present comparative example provides a die-cast aluminum alloy for automobile parts, which comprises the following specific components:
10.0 percent of Si, 0.2 percent of Mg, 0.5 percent of Co, 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.15 percent of Fe and 0.18 percent of the total amount of other impurities;
the preparation method is the same as that of the example 3 except for the smelting step. Specifically, no alloy is added in the melting step.
Comparative example 4
12.0 percent of Si, 0.2 percent of Mg, 0.5 percent of Co, 0.2 percent of Cd, 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.15 percent of Fe and 0.18 percent of the total amount of the other impurities;
the preparation method is the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 5
10.0 percent of Si, 0.2 percent of Mg, 1.2 percent of Co, 0.2 percent of Cd, 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.15 percent of Fe and 0.18 percent of the total amount of other impurities;
the preparation method is the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 6
10.0 percent of Si, 0.2 percent of Mg, 0.5 percent of Co, 0.05 percent of Cd, 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.15 percent of Fe and 0.18 percent of the total amount of other impurities;
the preparation method is the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 7
10.0 percent of Si, 0.2 percent of Mg, 0.5 percent of Co, 0.2 percent of Cd, 0.1 percent of Sr, 0.15 percent of Fe and 0.18 percent of the total amount of the other impurities;
the preparation method is the same as in example 3.
The die-casting aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 7 were tested by the following specific method:
(1) testing the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the die-casting aluminum alloy finished product;
(2) taking the total mass of the melts of the examples and the comparative examples to be about 600kg, and adopting about 5.5kg to perform die-casting forming each time to form 100 pieces, wherein the size of the formed piece is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5 m; and (5) counting the qualified rate. Specifically, if the mold filling is poor (mold filling is not full, mold filling is not uniform) and cracks appear, the mold is determined to be unqualified, otherwise, the mold is determined to be qualified.
Specific results are shown in the following table;
Figure BDA0003545168910000101
further, the microstructure morphology and the eutectic silicon structure morphology of the die-cast aluminum alloys in example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were analyzed, and the results are shown in fig. 1 to 8. As can be seen from the above table and FIG. 8, the die-cast aluminum alloy prepared by the formula and the preparation method of the invention has the advantages of obviously refined microstructure and excellent toughness. Therefore, the method has good application prospect in the field of automobile components.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile components is characterized by mainly comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
8.0-11.0% of Si, 0.1-0.5% of Mg, 0.1-1.0% of Co, 0.1-0.5% of Cd, 0.01-0.05% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the total amount of unavoidable impurities is less than 0.2%.
2. The die-cast aluminum alloy for automotive parts according to claim 1, wherein the total content of Co and Cr is 0.65 to 0.8%.
3. The aluminum die-cast alloy for automobile parts according to claim 1, wherein the projected area of the automobile part is 0.5m or more2The maximum wall thickness is less than or equal to 5 mm.
4. The aluminum die-cast alloy for automobile parts according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aluminum die-cast alloy has a tensile strength of 320MPa or more, a yield strength of 250MPa or more, and an elongation of 6% or more.
5. The method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy for automotive parts as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing raw materials according to the proportion of components of the die-casting aluminum alloy, and smelting at 700-750 ℃ to obtain a melt;
(2) refining the melt;
(3) carrying out die-casting molding on the refined melt to obtain a formed piece;
(4) and carrying out heat treatment on the formed piece to obtain the die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile component.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), a refining agent and/or a refining gas is added to the melt to perform refining; the refining agent is chlorine salt, and the refining gas is argon or nitrogen.
7. The production method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the semi-solid state die casting method is adopted for forming, wherein the solid fraction of the semi-solid slurry is 1 to 60 wt%, the die temperature is 150 to 250 ℃, the slow injection speed is 0.05 to 0.3m/s, the fast injection speed is 0.5 to 4m/s, the injection specific pressure is 50 to 100MPa, and the pressure holding time is 3 to 15 s.
8. The production method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the liquid die casting method is adopted for forming, wherein the mold temperature is 150 to 250 ℃, the slow injection speed is 0.05 to 0.3m/s, the fast injection speed is 0.5 to 4m/s, the specific injection pressure is 50 to 100MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 3 to 15 s.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein step (4) comprises:
(4.1) carrying out solution treatment on the formed piece at 480-540 ℃ for 2-4 h, and cooling;
and (4.2) carrying out aging treatment on the formed piece after the solution treatment to obtain the die-casting aluminum alloy for the automobile component.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the step (4.2), the aging temperature is 170 to 230 ℃ and the aging time is 4 to 24 hours.
CN202210247069.9A 2022-03-14 2022-03-14 Die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile component and preparation method thereof Pending CN114737091A (en)

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