CN114853305B - High-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device and method based on grading demulsification - Google Patents
High-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device and method based on grading demulsification Download PDFInfo
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- CN114853305B CN114853305B CN202210406168.7A CN202210406168A CN114853305B CN 114853305 B CN114853305 B CN 114853305B CN 202210406168 A CN202210406168 A CN 202210406168A CN 114853305 B CN114853305 B CN 114853305B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device and a method based on grading demulsification, wherein the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device comprises: a thermal hydrolysis reaction container and a filter pressing container; the thermal hydrolysis reaction container is provided with a feeding pipe, a stirring device, an oil storage hopper, an oil discharge pipe and a discharge pipe; the inlet of the feed pipe is communicated with a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a third pipeline; the first pipeline is used for inputting high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated; the second pipeline is used for high-pressure water injection; the third pipeline is used for inputting a conditioning agent to realize graded demulsification; an extrusion bin is arranged in the filter pressing container, an extrusion device is arranged in the extrusion bin, and a drain hole is formed in the wall of the extrusion bin. The device provided by the invention can realize simultaneous removal of oil and water under the condition of small energy supply and water supply, and has the advantages of economy and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a device and a method for treating high-water-content oil-containing solid waste based on grading demulsification.
Background
Various high-water-content and oil-content solid wastes such as oil-containing sludge, tank bottom sludge and the like are generated in the production process of petroleum, chemical industry and the like, and the sludge is mainly a mixture of petroleum hydrocarbon, water and solid particles, contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, trace heavy metal and other harmful substances, and can cause secondary pollution of water, soil and atmosphere if the harmful substances cannot be effectively treated and enter the natural environment. In addition, the water content of the solid waste is extremely high and can reach 60 to 95 percent, and the solid waste with high water content is unfavorable for transportation and subsequent treatment, and occupies a large amount of land resources, so that the treatment and disposal cost of the waste is high and the difficulty is high. In conclusion, how to efficiently and economically remove the oil and the water in the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste and realize the recycling and harmless treatment of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
In the prior art, incineration and pyrolysis are common methods for treating high-water-content oily solid waste, but the incineration cannot effectively recycle the oil content in the oily solid waste, and the problems of high energy consumption, secondary pollution and the like exist; pyrolysis, while effective in recovering oil from solid waste, requires an increase in temperature to 500-900 ℃, and in addition, the excessive moisture content in such solid waste results in a further increase in energy consumption during pyrolysis.
Chemical heat washing technology has been used to remove oil from high-water-content oily solid waste, and chemical heat washing method is to use tempered hot water to wash oily sludge under optimal washing condition, and then use air floatation to separate solid from liquid so as to achieve the purpose of separating oil, water and mud. The chemical hot washing method can reduce the residual oil rate of the oily sludge to below 1 percent, and simultaneously the energy consumption is correspondingly lower; however, it is necessary to add 3 to 8 times of the same volume or mass of water to the solid waste during the washing process to improve washing efficiency, and to add a detergent to break the oil-water interface and the oil-solid interface so that the oil is separated from the water and the solids, which increases the burden of the subsequent water treatment; furthermore, the washed solid waste is further subjected to a dehydration treatment.
In view of the foregoing, there is no economical and efficient method for simultaneously dewatering and degreasing high-water-content oily solid waste, and there is a need to develop a novel high-water-content oily solid waste treatment device or method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for treating high-water-content oil-containing solid waste based on graded demulsification, which solve one or more technical problems. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the simultaneous removal of oil and water can be realized under the condition of small energy supply and water supply, and the method has the advantages of economy and high efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device based on graded demulsification, which comprises: a thermal hydrolysis reaction container and a filter pressing container;
the thermal hydrolysis reaction container is provided with a feeding pipe, a stirring device, an oil storage hopper, an oil discharge pipe and a discharge pipe; the inlet of the feeding pipe is communicated with a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a third pipeline; the first pipeline is used for inputting high-water-content oily solid waste to be treated, the water content of the high-water-content oily solid waste to be treated after water adding treatment is more than 90%, and the first pipeline is provided with a feeding valve; the second pipeline is used for high-pressure water injection, and is provided with a water inlet valve; the third pipeline is used for inputting a conditioning agent to realize graded demulsification, and is provided with a conditioning agent pumping valve; the stirring device is used for stirring materials in the thermal hydrolysis reaction container so as to realize oil-solid separation; the oil storage hopper is used for collecting oil components after oil-solid separation; the oil discharge pipe is used for outputting the oil collected by the oil storage hopper under the action of pressure difference; the discharging pipe is used for outputting solid waste raw materials after thermal hydrolysis treatment, and is provided with a discharging valve;
an extrusion bin is arranged in the filter pressing container and is used for inputting the solid waste raw materials subjected to the thermal hydrolysis treatment; an extrusion device is arranged in the extrusion bin and used for extrusion dehydration; the wall of the extrusion bin is provided with a drain hole for draining the water which is removed;
the extrusion device includes: a piston and a pressure rod; the piston is movably arranged in the extrusion bin; one end of the pressure rod is fixedly connected with the piston, the other end of the pressure rod is communicated with the filter pressing container, and the piston can be driven to move in the extrusion bin through the pressure rod.
The device is further improved in that the outlet of the feeding pipe is arranged at the bottom of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container.
A further improvement of the device according to the invention is that the stirring device comprises: a stirring rod and a stirring motor; the stirring rod is arranged in the thermal hydrolysis reaction container, and the stirring motor is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container and used for driving the stirring rod to rotate.
The device is further improved in that the temperature range of the thermal hydrolysis reaction in the thermal hydrolysis reaction container is 120-240 ℃.
A further improvement of the device of the present invention is that the conditioning agent comprises a demulsifier and a surfactant.
A further improvement of the device is that the drain holes are all provided with a filter screen.
A further improvement of the device is that the container wall of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container is provided with an observation window.
A further improvement of the device of the invention is that it further comprises: and the oil storage tank is used for storing the oil output by the oil discharge pipe.
The invention provides a method for treating high-water-content oil-containing solid waste based on grading demulsification, which is based on the treatment device provided by the invention, and comprises the following steps:
opening a feeding valve, and inputting the high-water-content oily solid waste to be treated into a thermal hydrolysis reaction container through a first pipeline;
closing a feeding valve, opening a stirring device, and heating the reaction atmosphere in the thermal hydrolysis reaction container to a preset thermal hydrolysis reaction temperature; the thermal hydrolysis reaction is carried out for a preset time period to destroy an oil-water emulsifying structure to realize oil-water separation, and oil-solid separation is realized under the stirring action;
closing the stirring device, opening the water inlet valve, and injecting water into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container at high pressure to raise the height of the oil-water interface and increase the water content of the solid waste raw materials after oil removal;
when oil-free is separated into the oil storage hopper or solid is filled into the oil storage hopper, the water inlet valve is closed; outputting oil in the oil storage hopper under the action of pressure difference through an oil discharge pipe, and closing an oil discharge valve after the pressure of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container is restored to normal pressure;
opening a water inlet valve, and injecting water into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container under high pressure to separate oil from water and ensure that the upper interface of the material is at a preset position below the inlet of the oil storage hopper;
closing a water inlet valve, opening a conditioner pump valve, inputting the conditioner into a thermal hydrolysis reaction container, maintaining the thermal hydrolysis reaction container at a preset thermal hydrolysis reaction temperature, opening a stirring device, outputting oil in an oil storage hopper under the action of pressure difference through an oil drain pipe after the pressure is increased to the saturated vapor pressure of water, and closing an oil drain valve after the pressure of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container is restored to normal pressure;
opening a discharge valve, and conveying the solid waste raw material subjected to thermal hydrolysis treatment into an extrusion bin in the filter pressing container through a discharge pipe; the solid waste raw material is extruded and dehydrated through the extrusion device, and the dehydrated water is discharged through the water discharge hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device provided by the invention can realize simultaneous removal of oil and water under the condition of small energy supply and water supply, and has the advantages of economy and high efficiency.
Specific explanatory examples:
(1) The device provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with the thermal hydrolysis reaction container, and the thermal hydrolysis treatment can destroy the emulsifying structure in the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste and effectively reduce the adhesion of oil and solid particles; the concrete principle is explanatory, and the severe irregular movement of water molecules under the environment of high temperature and high pressure can damage the interface balance of an oil-solid interface, thereby damaging an oil-water emulsion structure; in addition, the viscosity of the oil is lowered due to the temperature rise, and the electrostatic repulsive force between the oil and the muddy sand is also increased at the thermal hydrolysis temperature, so that the adhesion of the oil becomes weak, in which case the oil on the solid particles is more easily peeled off by mechanical stirring; and moreover, the thermal movement of solid particles in the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste is increased under the high-temperature condition, so that the collision opportunities among the particles are increased, the demulsification and deoiling of the oil sludge are facilitated, and the deoiling efficiency is improved.
(2) The device provided by the invention is provided with a third pipeline for inputting a conditioning agent to realize graded demulsification; the concrete principle is explanatory, most of oil in the solid waste after the thermal hydrolysis treatment floats on the upper layer of the liquid surface and can be removed by pressure difference; thereafter, the oil removal by demulsification is performed by adding a conditioning agent to the solid waste under high pressure conditions, and the oil content in the solid waste can be further reduced by realizing a graded demulsification.
(3) The device provided by the invention is provided with the filter pressing container, so that the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste can be dehydrated and deoiled at the same time, and the energy consumption is lower; the concrete principle is explanatory, after the solid waste is subjected to graded demulsification treatment, the oil is removed through pressure difference, the rest water-solid mixture is directly transferred into a filter pressing container under the high temperature condition for extrusion dehydration, and the solid particles are subjected to agglomeration and flocculation after being subjected to thermal hydrolysis treatment, so that the filter pressing performance of the solid particles can be improved; in addition, the dehydration is directly carried out on the solid waste in a completely closed container at the thermal hydrolysis temperature, the moisture has a saturated vapor pressure at each corresponding temperature, most of the moisture in the high-moisture and oil-containing solid waste exists in a liquid state under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition, the moisture is separated from the solid waste by utilizing the mechanical filter pressing technology under the condition, and the phase change of the water does not exist, so that the device has the characteristic of low energy consumption.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description of the embodiments or the drawings used in the description of the prior art will make a brief description; it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are of some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings may be derived from them without undue effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high water and oil solid waste treatment device based on a staged demulsification according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 1, a feed valve; 2. a water inlet valve; 3. pumping the conditioner into the valve; 4. a feed pipe; 5. a thermal hydrolysis reaction vessel; 6. an oil discharge valve; 7. an oil drain pipe; 8. an observation window; 9. an oil storage hopper; 10. a discharge valve; 11. a stirring motor; 12. an oil storage tank; 13. a discharge pipe; 14. a filter pressing container; 15. extruding the bin; 16. a drain hole; 17. a filter screen; 18. a piston; 19. a pressure rod.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
referring to fig. 1, a high water-content and oil-content solid waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention mainly includes: the device comprises a feed valve 1, a water inlet valve 2, a conditioner pumping valve 3, a feed pipe 4, a thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5, an oil discharge valve 6, an oil discharge pipe 7, an observation window 8, an oil storage hopper 9, an oil discharge valve 10, a stirring motor 11, an oil storage tank 12, an oil discharge pipe 13, a filter pressing container 14, an extrusion bin 15, a water discharge hole 16, a filter screen 17, a piston 18 and a pressure rod 19.
The connection mode of the device of the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the stirring motor 11 is arranged in the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5, and the feeding pipe 4 is embedded at the left upper end; the feed pipe 4 is connected with a raw material pumping device through a feed valve 1, is connected with a high-pressure water injection device through a water inlet valve 2 and is connected with a conditioner pump through a conditioner pumping valve 3; the right upper end of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 is embedded with an oil drain pipe 7, the lower end of the oil drain pipe 7 is inserted into an oil storage bucket 9, and an observation window 8 is arranged on the outer wall of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 with the same height of the oil storage bucket 9; the oil drain pipe 7 is connected with an oil storage tank 12 through an oil drain valve 6; the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 is connected with an extrusion bin 15 in the filter pressing container 14 through a discharge valve 10 and a discharge pipe 13; the inside of the extrusion bin 15 is surrounded by a filter screen 17, and the lower bottom is provided with a drain hole 16; the pressure rod 19 is connected with the piston 18, and the piston 18 is arranged in the extrusion bin 15; the piston 18 moves up and down under the action of the pressure rod 19 without affecting the sieve 17.
The device provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize simultaneous removal of oil and water under the condition of small energy supply and water supply through the raw material preparation stage, the thermal hydrolysis reaction stage, the oil discharge stage, the circulation oil discharge stage and the dehydration stage.
The embodiment of the invention is explanatory, and the stirring device is mainly arranged to break the stable interface between the oil and the solid particles due to the intense movement of water molecules under the high temperature condition, and the oil content on the solid particles is stripped under the action of continuous stirring, so that the oil-solid separation is realized; the purpose of the oil drain pipe 7 is that the oil is drained through the oil drain pipe 7 under the effect of the pressure difference; the purpose of the observation window 8 is to observe the oil entering the oil storage hopper 9, so as to ensure that no solid particles enter the oil storage hopper 9; the main purpose of setting up high-pressure water injection device and intake valve 2 is the height of lifting oil water interface, increases the moisture content of raw materials after the deoiling simultaneously and improves the deoiling efficiency of circulation oil extraction stage. The raw materials in the extrusion bin 15 are extruded and dehydrated, most of water is discharged in a liquid state, and the raw materials are dehydrated without evaporation, so that the energy consumption is low; because a large space is reserved between the filter pressing container 14 and the extrusion bin 15, the air is not extruded and dehydrated in the extrusion process, and the practicability of the device is improved.
The embodiment of the invention provides an embodiment method, and the method mainly comprises five stages including a raw material preparation stage, a thermal hydrolysis reaction stage, an oil discharge stage, a circulation oil discharge stage and a dehydration stage based on the device of the embodiment of the invention; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, the solid waste with high water content and oil content in the raw material blending stage is analyzed, and the water content of the solid waste with high water content and oil content is blended to be more than 90% based on the characteristics of the device according to the characteristics of different materials;
after the material is finished in the raw material preparation stage, entering a thermal hydrolysis reaction stage; opening a feed valve 1, pumping the blended raw materials into a thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5, closing the feed valve 1 after a proper amount of materials enter the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5, and opening a stirring device; the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 is controlled by a temperature rising program to rise to a preset temperature to carry out thermal hydrolysis reaction, and after the thermal hydrolysis treatment is finished, an oil discharge stage is carried out;
closing the stirring device, opening the water inlet valve 2, and injecting proper amount of water into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 through the feed pipe 4 by the high-pressure water injection device; after the upper oil flows into the oil storage hopper 9, water can be continuously injected through the observation window 8; after no obvious oil enters the oil storage hopper 9 or solid enters the oil storage hopper 9, the water inlet valve 2 is closed;
opening an oil discharge valve 6, and enabling oil in an oil storage hopper 9 to enter an oil storage tank through an oil discharge pipe 7 under the action of pressure difference;
after the pressure of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 is restored to normal pressure, the oil discharge valve 6 is closed, and a circulation oil discharge stage is carried out; opening a water inlet valve 2, injecting water into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 through a feed pipe 4 by a high-pressure water injection device, and ensuring that the water cannot enter an oil storage hopper 9; closing the water inlet valve 2, opening the oil discharge valve 6 after the reaction is carried out for 10 to 30 minutes, and enabling the oil in the oil storage hopper 9 to enter an oil storage tank through the oil discharge pipe 7 under the action of pressure difference; repeating the above operation for 2-5 times, after the removed liquid has no obvious oil content, closing the water inlet valve 2, opening the conditioner pumping device, and pumping the conditioner into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5; maintaining the thermal hydrolysis reaction vessel 5 at the thermal hydrolysis temperature, turning on the stirring device, and repeating the oil discharge stage after the pressure is increased to the saturated vapor pressure of water;
the circulation oil discharge stage is ended, and a dehydration stage is entered; opening the discharge valve 10, and allowing the raw material subjected to thermal hydrolysis to enter an extrusion bin 15 in a filter pressing container 14 through a discharge pipe 13; the piston 18 is pushed by the pressure rod 19 to squeeze and dewater the raw materials in the squeezing bin 15; the removed water is separated from the solids in the raw materials by the filtering of a filter screen 17 through a drain hole 16 at the lower part of the extrusion bin 15, and the removed water is left at the bottom of the filter pressing container 14, so that the device is operated.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water content of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste is regulated to be more than 90% based on the characteristics of the device according to the characteristics of different materials, and the three phases of oil-water and solid can be stably layered after the high-water-content material is subjected to thermal hydrolysis treatment. In addition, the purpose of carrying out the thermal hydrolysis reaction is that the oil-water emulsification structure is destroyed in the process of carrying out the thermal hydrolysis treatment on the raw materials, the separation of oil and water is realized, and the stable interface between the oil and the solid particles is destroyed due to the intense movement of water molecules under the high temperature condition.
The method of the embodiment of the invention is preferable, and the water injection rate of the high-pressure water injection device is 100% -250% of the oil removed in the oil discharge stage; the cyclic oil discharge phase needs to be repeated for 2 to 4 times. Illustratively, after the oil discharge stage of the cycle is completed, the demulsifier or the cleaning agent is added to remove the oil which cannot be removed by the thermal hydrolysis reaction, and the combination of the two processes is called graded demulsification.
In the embodiment of the invention, the conditioner is added into the valve 3 after the thermal hydrolysis reaction is completed, so that the aim of grading demulsification is fulfilled, and the demulsification efficiency can be improved; the pumped conditioning agent is a substance which can improve the dehydration and oil removal efficiency, such as a surfactant, a demulsifier and the like.
In the embodiment of the invention, a discharge valve 10 is opened, and raw materials after thermal hydrolysis treatment enter a filter pressing container 14 through a discharge pipe 13; because the material is still kept at a certain temperature after the material is subjected to the thermal hydrolysis treatment, the temperature of the filter pressing container 14 is increased after the material is contacted, and the temperature of the filter pressing container 14 is 20-80 ℃ lower than the thermal hydrolysis temperature after the material is discharged.
The embodiment of the invention utilizes thermal hydrolysis treatment to destroy the emulsifying structure in the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste and effectively reduce the adhesion of oil and solid particles. The specific principle is that the intense irregular movement of water molecules under the environment of high temperature and high pressure can damage the interfacial balance of an oil-solid interface, thereby damaging an oil-water emulsion structure; further, the viscosity of the oil decreases due to an increase in temperature, and the electrostatic repulsive force between the oil and the muddy sand also increases at the thermal hydrolysis temperature, so that the adhesion of the oil becomes weak, and in this case, the oil on the solid particles is more easily peeled off by mechanical stirring. In addition, the thermal motion of solid particles in the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste is increased under the high-temperature condition, the collision opportunities among the particles are increased, the demulsification and deoiling of the oil sludge are facilitated, and the deoiling efficiency is improved. According to the embodiment of the invention, the grading demulsification is realized by adding the conditioner after the thermal hydrolysis demulsification, and the principle is as follows: most of oil in the solid waste subjected to thermal hydrolysis treatment floats on the upper layer of the liquid surface and can be removed through pressure difference; thereafter, the demulsification and oil removal are performed by adding a conditioning agent to the solid waste under high pressure conditions, thereby realizing graded demulsification and further reducing the oil content in the solid waste. The embodiment of the invention realizes the simultaneous dehydration and oil removal of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste and has lower energy consumption. After the solid waste is subjected to grading demulsification treatment, the oil content is removed through pressure difference, and the rest water-solid mixture is directly transferred into a filter pressing container under the high-temperature condition for extrusion dehydration. The solid particles undergo agglomeration and flocculation after thermal hydrolysis treatment, so that the filter pressing performance of the solid particles can be improved. In addition, the dehydration is directly carried out on the solid waste in a completely closed container at the thermal hydrolysis temperature, the moisture has a saturated vapor pressure at each corresponding temperature, most of the moisture in the high-moisture and oil-containing solid waste exists in a liquid state under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition, the moisture is separated from the solid waste by utilizing the mechanical filter pressing technology under the condition, and the phase change of the water does not exist, so that the device has the characteristic of low energy consumption.
Based on the above description, the present invention can realize simultaneous removal of oil and water in high-water-content oil-containing solid waste.
The invention relates to a method for treating high-water-content oil-containing solid waste, which is based on any one of the devices, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, the solid waste with high water content and oil content in the raw material blending stage is analyzed, and the water content of the solid waste with high water content and oil content is blended to be more than 90% based on the characteristics of the device according to the characteristics of different materials; the method is characterized in that after the material with high water content is subjected to thermal hydrolysis treatment, three phases of oil, water and solid can be stably layered. After the material is finished in the raw material preparation stage, the material enters a thermal hydrolysis reaction stage;
opening the feed valve 1, pumping the blended raw materials into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5, and closing the feed valve 1 after a proper amount of materials enter the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5; subsequently, the stirring device is started, and the rotating speed is 100-500 rpm; the thermal hydrolysis reaction vessel 5 is heated to a preset temperature under the control of a heating program to carry out thermal hydrolysis reaction, the thermal hydrolysis temperature is 120-240 ℃, and the reaction time is 30-120 minutes; the oil-water emulsification structure is destroyed in the process of carrying out thermal hydrolysis treatment on the raw materials, so that the separation of oil and water is realized; the strong movement of water molecules under high temperature conditions breaks the stable interface between the oil and the solid particles, and the oil on the solid particles is stripped under the action of continuous stirring. Most of the oil floats on the upper layer due to the density difference between the water and the oil; after the thermal hydrolysis treatment is finished, entering an oil discharge stage;
closing the stirring device, opening the water inlet valve 2, injecting proper amount of water into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 through the feed pipe 4 by the high-pressure water injection device, lifting the height of an oil-water interface, and increasing the water content of the raw materials after oil removal to improve the oil removal efficiency in the cyclic oil removal stage; after the upper oil flows into the oil storage hopper 9, water can be continuously injected through the observation window 8; after no obvious oil enters the oil storage hopper 9 or solid enters the oil storage hopper 9, the water inlet valve 2 is closed;
then, the oil discharging valve 6 is opened, and the oil in the oil storage hopper 9 enters an oil storage tank through the oil discharging pipe 7 under the action of pressure difference; after the pressure of the thermal hydrolysis reaction vessel 5 is restored to normal pressure, the oil discharge valve 6 is closed, and the circulation oil discharge stage is started.
The water inlet valve 2 is opened, and a proper amount of water is injected into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 through the feed pipe 4 by the high-pressure water injection device, so that the three phases of oil, water and solid can be stably layered; the added water can not lead the upper interface of the material to exceed the oil storage hopper 9, and the water injection rate is 100% -250% of the oil discharged in the oil discharge stage; closing the water inlet valve 2, maintaining the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 at the thermal hydrolysis temperature, opening the stirring device, and repeating the oil discharge stage after the pressure is increased to the saturated vapor pressure of water for 10-30 minutes; repeating for 2-4 times, opening a conditioner pumping device after the liquid entering the oil storage hopper 9 has no obvious oil content, and pumping the conditioner into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5; the conditioner comprises organic substances such as demulsifier, surfactant and the like, and the substances can improve the effects of oil-water separation and oil-solid separation; the conditioning agent is added after the thermal hydrolysis demulsification because the thermal hydrolysis reaction occurs under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and the conditioning agent is easily decomposed under the conditions of long time to cause poor demulsification and oil stripping effects, so the device adopts a grading demulsification mode, and the oil separation efficiency is further improved. Maintaining the thermal hydrolysis reaction container 5 at the thermal hydrolysis temperature, starting the stirring device, after the pressure is increased to the saturated vapor pressure of water, repeating the operation of the oil discharge stage after the pressure is increased to the saturated vapor pressure of water for 10-30 minutes, and entering the dehydration stage after the oil discharge is finished and the circulation oil discharge stage is finished;
the discharge valve 10 is opened, and raw materials from which most of oil is removed after thermal hydrolysis treatment enter the extrusion bin 15 in the filter pressing container 14 through the discharge pipe 13; since the material is still kept at a certain temperature after the material is subjected to the thermal hydrolysis treatment, the temperature of the filter pressing container 14 is increased after the filter pressing container is contacted with the material, so that the filter pressing container 14 is still kept at a certain saturated vapor pressure and temperature and is accompanied by a small amount of water evaporation, in this case, the piston 18 is pushed by the pressure rod 19 to squeeze and dehydrate the raw material in the squeezing bin 15, and most of the water is discharged in a liquid state, so that the water is dehydrated without evaporation and the energy consumption is low; because a large space is reserved between the filter pressing container 14 and the extrusion bin 15, the air is not extruded and dehydrated in the extrusion process, and the practicability of the device is improved; the removed water is separated from the solid in the raw material through the drainage hole 16 at the lower part of the extrusion bin 15 by the filtration of the filter screen 17, the removed water is left at the bottom of the filter pressing container 14, and the diameter of the filter hole on the filter screen 17 is in the range of 0.425-0.15 mm; after the device is operated, the simultaneous removal of oil and water in the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A high water and oil containing solid waste treatment device based on staged demulsification, comprising: a thermal hydrolysis reaction vessel (5) and a filter pressing vessel (14);
the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5) is provided with a feeding pipe (4), a stirring device, an oil storage hopper (9), an oil discharge pipe (7) and a discharge pipe (13); wherein, the inlet of the feed pipe (4) is communicated with a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a third pipeline; the first pipeline is used for inputting high-water-content oily solid waste to be treated, the water content of the high-water-content oily solid waste to be treated is more than 90%, and the first pipeline is provided with a feed valve (1); the second pipeline is used for high-pressure water injection, and is provided with a water inlet valve (2); the third pipeline is used for inputting a conditioning agent to realize graded demulsification, and is provided with a conditioning agent pumping valve (3); the stirring device is used for stirring in the material reaction process in the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5) so as to realize oil-solid separation; the oil storage hopper (9) is used for collecting oil components after oil-solid separation; the oil discharge pipe (7) is used for outputting the oil collected by the oil storage hopper (9) under the action of pressure difference; the discharging pipe (13) is used for outputting solid waste raw materials after thermal hydrolysis treatment, and the discharging valve (10) is arranged on the discharging pipe (13);
an extrusion bin (15) is arranged in the filter pressing container (14), and the extrusion bin (15) is used for inputting the solid waste raw materials after the thermal hydrolysis treatment; an extrusion device is arranged in the extrusion bin (15) and is used for extrusion dehydration; the wall of the extrusion bin (15) is provided with a drain hole (16) for draining the water which is removed;
the extrusion device includes: a piston (18) and a pressure rod (19);
the piston (18) is movably arranged in the extrusion bin (15); one end of the pressure rod (19) is fixedly connected with the piston (18), the other end of the pressure rod is communicated with the filter pressing container (14), and the piston (18) can be driven to move in the extrusion bin (15) through the pressure rod (19).
2. The high water and oil containing solid waste treatment device based on the graded demulsification according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the feeding pipe (4) is arranged at the bottom of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5).
3. A high water and oil containing solid waste treatment device based on staged demulsification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stirring device comprises: a stirring rod and a stirring motor (11);
the stirring rod is arranged in the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5), and the stirring motor (11) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5) and used for driving the stirring rod to rotate.
4. The high water and oil content solid waste treatment device based on graded demulsification according to claim 1, wherein the thermal hydrolysis reaction temperature in the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5) ranges from 120 ℃ to 240 ℃.
5. A high water and oil containing solid waste treatment device based on staged demulsification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conditioning agent comprises demulsifier and surfactant.
6. A high water and oil containing solid waste treatment device based on a staged demulsification according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain holes (16) are each provided with a screen (17).
7. The high water and oil content solid waste treatment device based on the graded demulsification according to claim 1, wherein an observation window (8) is arranged on the wall of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5).
8. The apparatus for treating high water and oil containing solid waste based on staged demulsification as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
and an oil storage tank (12) for storing the oil outputted from the oil discharge pipe (7).
9. A method for treating high water and oil content solid waste based on staged demulsification, which is characterized by comprising the following steps based on the treatment device as claimed in claim 1:
opening a feed valve (1) and inputting the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated into a thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5) through a first pipeline;
closing a feed valve (1), opening a stirring device, and heating the reaction atmosphere in the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5) to a preset thermal hydrolysis reaction temperature; the thermal hydrolysis reaction is carried out for a preset time period to destroy an oil-water emulsifying structure to realize oil-water separation, and oil-solid separation is realized under the stirring action;
closing the stirring device, opening the water inlet valve (2), and injecting water into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5) at high pressure to raise the height of an oil-water interface and increase the water content of the solid waste raw materials after oil removal; when no oil enters the oil storage hopper (9) or solid enters the oil storage hopper (9), the water inlet valve (2) is closed; the oil in the oil storage hopper (9) is output under the action of pressure difference through the oil drain pipe (7), after the pressure of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5) is restored to normal pressure, the oil drain valve (6) is closed, the water inlet valve (2) is opened, high-pressure water is injected into the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5), so that oil and water are layered in three phases, and the upper interface of the material is at a preset position below the inlet of the oil storage hopper (9);
closing a water inlet valve (2) and opening a conditioner pumping valve (3), inputting a conditioner into a thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5), maintaining the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5) at a preset thermal hydrolysis reaction temperature, opening a stirring device, outputting oil in an oil storage hopper (9) under the action of pressure difference through an oil discharge pipe (7) after the pressure is increased to the saturated vapor pressure of water, and closing an oil discharge valve (6) after the pressure of the thermal hydrolysis reaction container (5) is restored to normal pressure;
opening a discharge valve (10), and inputting the solid waste raw material subjected to thermal hydrolysis treatment into an extrusion bin (15) in a filter pressing container (14) through a discharge pipe (13); the solid waste material is squeezed and dehydrated by the squeezing device, and the dehydrated water is discharged through the water discharge hole (16).
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