CN114804586B - High-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device and method - Google Patents

High-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114804586B
CN114804586B CN202210406149.4A CN202210406149A CN114804586B CN 114804586 B CN114804586 B CN 114804586B CN 202210406149 A CN202210406149 A CN 202210406149A CN 114804586 B CN114804586 B CN 114804586B
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water
solid waste
oil
content
treatment
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CN114804586A (en
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高宁博
段一航
全翠
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/31—Self-supporting filtering elements
    • B01D29/35—Self-supporting filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/245—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside placed in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/20—Dewatering by mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high water-containing and oil-containing solid waste treatment device and a method, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a first reaction container wall, a second reaction container wall, a heater and a heating base; the second reaction container wall is arranged in the first reaction container wall, and a first closed chamber is formed by the outer surface of the second reaction container wall and the inner surface of the first reaction container wall; the first reaction container wall or the second reaction container wall is detachably and fixedly arranged on the heating base, and the inner surface of the second reaction container wall and the heating base form a second closed chamber; the second reaction vessel wall is provided with a plurality of through holes; the heater is used for heating to realize hydrothermal reaction treatment; a piston is movably arranged in the second closed cavity; the heating base is used for heating and burning or pyrolysis treatment. The invention can effectively reduce the water content of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste and simultaneously pyrolyze or burn the dehydrated solid waste.

Description

High-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a high-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device and method.
Background
During the production activities, various high-water-content oil-containing solid wastes (such as oily sludge and the like) are generated, wherein the oil content of the high-water-content oil-containing solid wastes is generally 10-50%, and the water content of the high-water-content oil-containing solid wastes is generally 40-90%; in addition, the high-water-content oily solid waste contains a large amount of chemical additives (such as flocculating agents, scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, bactericides and the like) besides solid impurities such as silt, emulsified oil and the like, and if the high-water-content oily solid waste is not treated in time, the soil is polluted to cause the concentration of petroleum substances to exceed the standard, so that the ecological environment is destroyed.
In the prior art, incineration/pyrolysis has been used to treat high water-containing oily solid waste, however such solid waste has a high water content such that a large amount of energy is used for evaporation of water during the incineration/pyrolysis treatment; in addition, water vapor generated during the treatment process easily corrodes the piping. Based on the above description, the dehydration treatment of the solid waste before the incineration/pyrolysis treatment is performed can effectively reduce the energy consumption.
At present, the mechanical dewatering method has the advantages of simple operation, low treatment cost, convenient industrialized application and the like; however, existing mechanical dewatering methods generally require the addition of flocs such as lime prior to dewatering to enhance the dewatering performance of the solid waste; in addition, the water content of the dehydrated mud cake is generally 75-80%, and the requirements of the dehydration enterprises at the present stage cannot be met. The heat drying technology is to utilize heat energy to dry the water in the sludge, and the technology can reduce the water content of the sludge from 90% to 5% -15%; however, this treatment mode is high in energy consumption. The hydrothermal coupling mechanical filter pressing treatment method has been proved to be capable of improving the dehydration performance of the solid waste and effectively reducing the water content of the solid waste; however, the dehydrated waste still has higher oil content and cannot reach the national emission standard.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a device and a method for treating high water and oil content solid waste, which solve one or more of the above-mentioned problems. The invention particularly provides a novel coupling device and a novel coupling process, which can be used for treating high-water-content oil-containing solid waste; the method can effectively reduce the water content of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste and simultaneously carry out pyrolysis or incineration treatment on the dehydrated solid waste.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device, which comprises: the device comprises a first reaction container wall, a second reaction container wall, a heater, a heating base, a gas storage tank, a liquid storage tank and a gas collecting device;
the second reaction container wall is arranged in the first reaction container wall, and a first closed cavity is formed by the outer surface of the second reaction container wall and the inner surface of the first reaction container wall; the first closed cavity is communicated with the outside through a first communication pipeline, a second communication pipeline and a third communication pipeline, the first communication pipeline is provided with an air inlet valve, the second communication pipeline is provided with a liquid discharge valve, and the third communication pipeline is provided with an exhaust valve;
the first reaction container wall or the second reaction container wall is detachably and fixedly arranged on the heating base, the inner surface of the second reaction container wall and the heating base form a second closed chamber, and the second closed chamber is used for placing high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated;
the second reaction container wall is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the through holes are used for realizing the communication between the first closed chamber and the second closed chamber;
the heater is arranged on the outer surface of the first reaction container wall and is used for heating the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated to a first preset temperature for hydrothermal reaction treatment;
a piston is movably arranged in the second closed cavity and is used for carrying out extrusion dehydration treatment on the high-water-content oily solid waste after the hydrothermal reaction;
the heating base is used for heating, extruding and dehydrating the high-water-content and oil-containing solid waste to a second preset temperature for incineration or pyrolysis treatment;
the air storage tank is used for storing air or nitrogen; the gas outlet of the gas storage tank is communicated with the first closed chamber through the first communication pipeline; the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank is communicated with the first closed cavity through the second communication pipeline; the gas inlet of the gas collecting device is communicated with the first closed cavity through the third communication pipeline.
A further development of the device according to the invention consists in that the piston is provided with a pressure rod which opens out of the first reaction vessel wall.
A further development of the device according to the invention is that the through holes in the wall of the second reaction vessel are provided with a screen.
A further improvement of the device of the invention is that it further comprises:
a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure within the first closed chamber;
and the temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature in the first closed cavity.
A further development of the device according to the invention consists in that the heating base is provided with a projection which protrudes into the second closed chamber.
A further improvement of the device of the invention is that the heating base is an electric heating base.
The device is further improved in that the range of the first preset temperature is 120-240 ℃; the second preset temperature ranges from 300 ℃ to 700 ℃.
The device is further improved in that the oil content of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated is 10% -50%, and the water content is 40% -90%.
The invention provides a high-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment method, which is based on the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device, and comprises the following steps:
placing the high water-containing oily solid waste to be treated in a second closed chamber;
closing an air inlet valve, a liquid discharge valve and an exhaust valve, and heating the temperature in the first closed cavity to a first preset temperature by a heater to perform hydrothermal reaction treatment on the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated;
after the hydrothermal reaction treatment is finished, extruding and dehydrating the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste subjected to the hydrothermal reaction treatment through a piston, enabling the liquid generated by the treatment to enter a first closed chamber, opening a liquid discharge valve, and discharging the liquid in the first closed chamber through a second communication pipeline under the action of pressure difference;
and opening an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, introducing nitrogen or air through the first communication pipeline, heating the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste subjected to extrusion dehydration treatment to a second preset temperature through the heating base for pyrolysis or incineration treatment, and discharging the gas generated by treatment through the third communication pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a novel coupling device, which is characterized by comprising:
(1) The device utilizes the hydrothermal reaction to improve the filter pressing performance of the high-water-content oily solid waste, and demulsifier and flocculant are not required to be added; the principle is that the severe irregular movement of water molecules can destroy the oil-water emulsifying structure under the high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and in addition, the aggregation and flocculation phenomena of solid particles can occur under the condition, so that the filter pressing performance of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste can be improved.
(2) The device of the invention increases the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to the corresponding temperature in a completely closed container, the moisture has a saturated vapor pressure at each corresponding temperature, most of the moisture in the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste exists in a liquid state under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition, the moisture is separated from the solid waste by utilizing a mechanical filter pressing technology under the condition, the moisture is removed from the container in the liquid state under the action of pressure difference, and no phase change of the water exists, so the dehydration of the device of the invention has the characteristic of low energy consumption.
(3) The dehydrated solid waste can be directly pyrolyzed and incinerated in the device at the hydrothermal reaction temperature without cooling to room temperature and transferring, and the heat requirement of the dehydrated solid waste from room temperature to hydrothermal temperature can be saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description of the embodiments or the drawings used in the description of the prior art will make a brief description; it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are of some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings may be derived from them without undue effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high water and oil solid waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of treating high water and oil solids waste in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, an air inlet valve; 2. a liquid discharge valve; 3. a communicating pipe; 4. a liquid storage tank; 5. a first reaction vessel wall; 6. a second reaction vessel wall; 7. a filter screen; 8. a through hole; 9. an exhaust valve; 10. a pressure rod; 11. an electric heating base; 12. a piston; 13. a heater; 14. and (5) a bolt.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
referring to fig. 1, a high water-containing and oil-containing solid waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention mainly includes: a first reaction vessel wall 5, a second reaction vessel wall 6, a heater 13 and a heating base;
the second reaction container wall 6 is disposed in the first reaction container wall 5, and the outer surface of the second reaction container wall 6 and the inner surface of the first reaction container wall 5 form a first closed chamber, which may be fixedly connected in a welding manner; the first closed cavity is communicated with the outside through a first communication pipeline, a second communication pipeline and a third communication pipeline, the first communication pipeline is provided with an air inlet valve 1, the second communication pipeline is provided with a liquid discharge valve 2, and the third communication pipeline is provided with an exhaust valve 9; the first reaction container wall 5 or the second reaction container wall 6 is detachably and fixedly arranged on the heating base, and the inner surface of the second reaction container wall 6 and the heating base form a second closed chamber which is used for placing high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated; the second reaction vessel wall 6 is provided with a plurality of through holes 8, and the through holes 8 are used for realizing the communication between the first closed chamber and the second closed chamber; the heater 13 is arranged on the outer surface of the first reaction container wall 5 and is used for heating the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated to a first preset temperature for hydrothermal reaction; a piston 12 is movably arranged in the second closed cavity and is used for carrying out extrusion dehydration treatment on the high-water-content oily solid waste after the hydrothermal reaction; the heating base is used for heating, extruding and dehydrating the high-water-content and oil-containing solid waste to a second preset temperature for incineration or pyrolysis treatment. Wherein alternatively the heating base may be an electrical heating base 11.
The defects existing in the prior art mainly comprise:
(1) The water content of the high-water-content oily solid waste subjected to mechanical filter pressing is about 75%, and chemical agents such as flocculating agents, demulsifiers and the like are required to be added to improve the dehydration performance; if the solid waste subjected to the filter pressing treatment is directly subjected to pyrolysis or incineration treatment, the moisture in the high-moisture oily solid waste can be separated from the solid in a gaseous form, so that great energy loss is caused; in addition, evaporation of moisture causes a series of problems such as corrosion of equipment.
(2) Because the filter pressing performance of the general high-water-content oil-containing solid waste is poor, chemical agents such as flocculating agents and the like are required to be added to improve the filter pressing performance, and the treatment cost and the treatment capacity are increased.
(3) At present, the hydrothermal technology is already used for dewatering the high-water-content oily solid waste, but the dewatered high-water-content oily solid waste still has higher oil content and does not meet the national emission standard.
In view of the foregoing problems in the prior art, the foregoing embodiments of the present invention specifically provide a novel coupling device, which has the following characteristics:
(1) The device provided by the embodiment of the invention utilizes the hydrothermal reaction to improve the filter pressing performance of the high-water-content oily solid waste, and demulsifier and flocculant are not required to be added; this is because the severe irregular movement of water molecules under high temperature and high pressure environment damages the oil-water emulsion structure, and in addition, the solid particles undergo agglomeration and flocculation under this condition, thereby improving the filter pressing performance of the high water-containing and oil-containing solid waste.
(2) The dehydration device of the embodiment of the invention has the characteristic of low energy consumption; specifically explanatory, the prior art generally uses evaporation to remove moisture from solid waste, there is a phase transition of water from liquid to gas, and it is calculated that 1Kg of moisture is completely evaporated to 5 times the same weight of moisture rising from 1 ℃ to 100 ℃. In the embodiment of the invention, the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste is raised to the corresponding temperature in a completely closed container, the water has a saturated vapor pressure at each corresponding temperature, most of the water in the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste exists in a liquid state under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition, the water is separated from the solid waste by utilizing a mechanical filter pressing technology under the condition that the water is removed from the container in the liquid state under the action of a pressure difference, and the phase change of the water does not exist.
(3) The dehydrated solid waste can be directly pyrolyzed and incinerated in the device at the hydrothermal reaction temperature without cooling to room temperature and transferring, so that the heat requirement of the dehydrated solid waste from room temperature to hydrothermal temperature is saved.
Exemplary optional embodiments of the present invention further include: the air storage tank is used for storing air or nitrogen; the gas outlet of the gas storage tank is communicated with the first closed chamber through the first communication pipeline; a liquid storage tank 4 for collecting moisture removed in a liquid form from the high-water-content oily solid waste; the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank 4 is communicated with the first closed cavity through the second communication pipeline; a gas collection device for collecting available gas generated in the pyrolysis process of the solid waste; the gas inlet of the gas collecting device is communicated with the first closed cavity through the third communication pipeline.
In an exemplary alternative embodiment of the present invention, a pressure rod 10 is mounted on the piston 12, and the pressure rod 10 passes through the first reaction vessel wall 5; the piston 12 can be moved downward by the pressure rod 10 to squeeze and dewater the raw material.
In an exemplary alternative embodiment of the present invention, the through holes 8 on the wall 6 of the second reaction vessel are all provided with a filter screen 7; the diameter of the filter holes of the filter screen 7 ranges from 0.425mm to 0.15mm.
Exemplary optional embodiments of the present invention further include: a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure within the first closed chamber; and the temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature in the first closed cavity. Wherein the first preset temperature ranges from 120 ℃ to 240 ℃; the second preset temperature ranges from 300 ℃ to 700 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, the heating base is provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion extends into the second closed cavity. The protrusions are used for fully contacting with the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved. Wherein the oil content of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated is 10% -50% and the water content is 40% -90%.
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device, which mainly comprises: the device comprises an air inlet valve, a liquid discharge pipe, a liquid storage tank, a reaction device, a storage bin, a filter screen, a water discharge hole, an exhaust valve, a pressure rod, an electric heating base, a piston, a heater and bolts; the specific connection mode is as follows: a storage bin is arranged in the reaction device; the inside of the storage bin is surrounded by a filter screen; the upper part of the storage bin can enable the piston to pass through and enable the piston to move up and down under the action of the pressure rod under the condition of not influencing the filter screen; in addition, the lower edge of the storage bin is provided with a drain hole; the middle part of the electric heating bottom is provided with a bulge which can be inserted into a hollow storage bin, so that the electric heating bottom is convenient to contact with materials for heating; the lower part of the reaction device is connected with the electric heating base through bolts; the right upper part of the reaction device is connected with an exhaust valve for exhausting, and the left upper part is inserted with a drain pipe for draining; the liquid discharge pipe is connected with the liquid storage tank through a liquid discharge valve and is connected with an air or nitrogen bottle through an air inlet valve.
Referring to fig. 2, a method for treating high water-containing oily solid waste according to an embodiment of the present invention, based on any one of the above devices according to the embodiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
a suitable amount of high water and oil containing solid waste to be treated is placed in a second closed chamber and the second reaction vessel wall 6 is mounted to an electrically heated floor. Optionally, the protrusion in the middle of the electric heating base 11 is inserted into the second closed cavity, and the protrusion in the middle of the electric heating base 11 is inserted into the second reaction container wall 6, so that the solid waste with high water content and oil content to be treated can be fully contacted with the electric heating base 11, and the heating efficiency is improved. After the electric heating base 11 is connected with the second reaction container wall 6, the first reaction container wall 5 is connected with the electric heating base 11 through bolts 14, and the upper surface of the electric heating base 11 is provided with a groove which can be tightly connected with the container wall to prevent air leakage; after the connection is completed, the hydrothermal reaction stage is carried out.
Closing the air inlet valve 1, the liquid discharge valve 2 and the air discharge valve 9 to ensure that the device is under a closed condition in the hydrothermal reaction stage. Under a preset temperature-raising control program, raising the temperature of the first closed chamber to a preset temperature (enabling the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated to be raised to a temperature satisfying a hydrothermal reaction) by the heater 13, performing a hydrothermal reaction to destroy an emulsifying structure and improve dehydration performance; exemplary optional heater 13 increases the temperature in the first closed chamber to a temperature in the range of 120 deg.c to 240 deg.c for a reaction time of 30 to 120 minutes. The hydro-thermal treatment can effectively destroy the oil-water emulsifying structure in the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste, so that the oil and the water are easier to separate, and the dehydration characteristic of the waste is obviously improved.
After the hydrothermal reaction is finished, the first closed chamber is still kept at a certain saturated vapor pressure and temperature, and most of water is kept in a liquid state; in this case, the piston 12 is pushed by the pressure rod 10 to press-dehydrate the high-water-content oily solid waste which has been subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the second closed chamber; after the removed moisture is filtered by a filter screen 7 in a through hole 8, solid-liquid separation is carried out, and the removed moisture is left at the bottom of the first closed chamber; exemplary optional, the diameter of the filter holes on the filter screen 7 is maintained between 0.425 and 0.15mm. After extrusion and dehydration are finished, the filter liquor removing stage is carried out: the liquid discharge valve 2 is opened, and the water at the bottom of the first closed cavity enters the liquid storage tank 4 through the communicating pipe 3 and the liquid discharge valve 2 under the action of pressure difference because the pressure in the first closed cavity is higher than the atmospheric pressure;
and after the pressure of the first closed chamber is reduced to normal pressure, closing the liquid discharge valve 2, and entering a pyrolysis incineration stage. Simultaneously opening an air inlet valve 1 and an air outlet valve 9, and introducing nitrogen or air for pyrolysis or incineration; the electrically heated base 11 is then raised to a preset temperature under the control of a temperature raising program, and incinerated or pyrolyzed. The temperature range of the electric heating base 11 under the control of the temperature raising program is 300-700 ℃ and the reaction time is 30-120 minutes; after incineration or pyrolysis treatment, the water content of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste is reduced to below 1% (dry basis), and the national emission standard is met.
The aim of the hydrothermal reaction in the embodiment of the invention is to effectively destroy the oil-water emulsification structure in the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste after the hydrothermal treatment, so that the oil and the water are easier to separate, and the dehydration characteristic of the oil and the water is improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste passes through the hydrothermal reaction stage and the filtrate removal stage, the water content is reduced to between 10 and 30 percent, and the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste is pyrolyzed or incinerated within the range of the water content, so that the evaporation of water can be reduced, and the energy consumption and the corrosion of water vapor to pipelines and devices are reduced; the dehydrated high-water-content and oil-containing solid waste is directly subjected to pyrolysis/incineration treatment at the hydrothermal temperature, so that the energy consumption for raising the temperature of the raw material from room temperature to the hydrothermal temperature and the time required for cooling the high-water-content and oil-containing solid waste to the room temperature and raising the temperature to the hydrothermal temperature are saved.
In summary, the device or the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize non-evaporation dehydration of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste, and after dehydration, the material does not need to be cooled and transferred, and the dehydrated solid waste can be directly subjected to pyrolysis or incineration treatment, so that the device or the method has the characteristics of low energy consumption and dehydration and oil removal. The applicant of the device of the embodiment of the invention has been designed successfully and performs a small test in a laboratory, and the test result shows that more than 90% of water of the treated high-water-content oil-containing solid waste is discharged in a liquid state, the final oil content of the solid waste is lower than 1%, and the solid waste meets the national emission standard; furthermore, the energy consumption analysis shows that the method is 60% of the energy consumption of the traditional pyrolysis treatment. The device provided by the invention solves the problems that the existing high-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device is poor in treatment effect, cannot simultaneously dehydrate and remove oil, is high in energy consumption and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A high water and oil containing solid waste treatment apparatus comprising: the device comprises a first reaction container wall (5), a second reaction container wall (6), a heater (13), a heating base, a gas storage tank, a liquid storage tank and a gas collecting device;
the second reaction container wall (6) is arranged in the first reaction container wall (5), and a first closed cavity is formed by the outer surface of the second reaction container wall (6) and the inner surface of the first reaction container (5); the first closed cavity is communicated with the outside through a first communication pipeline, a second communication pipeline and a third communication pipeline, the first communication pipeline is provided with an air inlet valve (1), the second communication pipeline is provided with a liquid discharge valve (2), and the third communication pipeline is provided with an exhaust valve (9);
the first reaction container wall (5) or the second reaction container wall (6) is detachably and fixedly arranged on the heating base, the inner surface of the second reaction container wall (6) and the heating base form a second closed chamber, and the second closed chamber is used for placing high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated;
the second reaction vessel wall (6) is provided with a plurality of through holes (8), and the through holes (8) are used for realizing the communication between the first closed chamber and the second closed chamber;
the heater (13) is arranged on the outer surface of the first reaction container wall (5) and is used for heating the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated to a first preset temperature for hydrothermal reaction treatment;
a piston (12) is movably arranged in the second closed cavity and is used for carrying out extrusion dehydration treatment on the high-water-content oily solid waste after the hydrothermal reaction;
the heating base is used for heating, extruding and dehydrating the high-water-content and oil-containing solid waste to a second preset temperature for incineration or pyrolysis treatment;
the air storage tank is used for storing air or nitrogen; the gas outlet of the gas storage tank is communicated with the first closed chamber through the first communication pipeline;
the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank (4) is communicated with the first closed cavity through the second communication pipeline;
the gas inlet of the gas collecting device is communicated with the first closed chamber through the third communication pipeline;
the heating base is provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion extends into the second closed cavity;
the range of the first preset temperature is 120-240 ℃; the range of the second preset temperature is 300-700 ℃;
the oil content of the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated is 10% -50%, and the water content is 40% -90%.
2. A high water and oil containing solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston (12) is provided with a pressure rod (10), which pressure rod (10) opens out of the first reaction vessel wall (5).
3. A high water and oil content solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the through holes (8) in the second reaction vessel wall (6) are provided with a screen (7).
4. A high water and oil containing solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure within the first closed chamber;
and the temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature in the first closed cavity.
5. A high water and oil containing solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating base is an electric heating base (11).
6. A method for treating high water and oil containing solid waste, characterized by comprising the steps of:
placing the high water-containing oily solid waste to be treated in a second closed chamber;
closing an air inlet valve (1), a liquid discharge valve (2) and an exhaust valve (9), and increasing the temperature in the first closed cavity to a first preset temperature through a heater (13) to enable the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste to be treated to undergo hydrothermal reaction treatment;
after the hydrothermal reaction treatment is finished, the piston (12) is used for carrying out extrusion dehydration treatment on the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste after the hydrothermal reaction treatment, the liquid generated by the treatment enters a first closed chamber, a liquid discharge valve (2) is opened, and the liquid in the first closed chamber is discharged through a second communication pipeline under the action of pressure difference;
and opening an air inlet valve (1) and an exhaust valve (9), introducing nitrogen or air through a first communicating pipeline, heating the high-water-content oil-containing solid waste subjected to extrusion dehydration treatment to a second preset temperature through a heating base for pyrolysis or incineration treatment, and discharging the gas generated by treatment through a third communicating pipeline.
CN202210406149.4A 2022-04-18 2022-04-18 High-water-content oil-containing solid waste treatment device and method Active CN114804586B (en)

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CN102297431B (en) * 2010-06-24 2014-06-04 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Method and device for decoupling and burning solid waste with high water content
CN106732186B (en) * 2016-12-01 2022-10-25 西安交通大学 Reaction kettle, continuous system and method for hydrothermal dehydration treatment of high-water-content organic matters
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