CN114844548A - Communication method and system - Google Patents
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- CN114844548A CN114844548A CN202210340579.0A CN202210340579A CN114844548A CN 114844548 A CN114844548 A CN 114844548A CN 202210340579 A CN202210340579 A CN 202210340579A CN 114844548 A CN114844548 A CN 114844548A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
- H04B7/15507—Relay station based processing for cell extension or control of coverage area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18515—Transmission equipment in satellites or space-based relays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18517—Transmission equipment in earth stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
- H04B7/18545—Arrangements for managing station mobility, i.e. for station registration or localisation
- H04B7/18547—Arrangements for managing station mobility, i.e. for station registration or localisation for geolocalisation of a station
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/22—Scatter propagation systems, e.g. ionospheric, tropospheric or meteor scatter
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to a communication method and a communication system. The communication system includes: the system comprises a base station tower, a base station control room and a ground network end, wherein the base station tower is connected with the base station control room through a first cable, and the base station control room is connected with the ground network end through a second cable; wherein, the base station tower includes: the antenna comprises a positioning module, an antenna array, a far-end radio frequency module, an upright post and a supporting post; the positioning module is arranged on any side of the top end of the base station tower, the antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module are arranged on the upright posts, the supporting posts are used for fixing the upright posts to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower comprises at least three groups of antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module. According to the invention, the problem that the requirements of the offshore near-remote communication cannot be met by each communication mode in the related technology is solved, and the technical effect of meeting the huge requirements of the offshore near-remote communication is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a communication method and system.
Background
With the increasing economic value, strategic significance and military requirements of the sea and the island, the gradual development of land 5G communication and 'everything interconnection' and the craving for maritime communication and internet access by the maritime aircrafts and island army residents are more and more severe. Different from the construction of land 4G and 5G mobile communication base stations, the construction of the sea 4G and 5G mobile communication base stations is huge in cost, inconvenient to implement and low in benefit, and the possible position change of sea users and the requirement of sea remote communication make the construction of the base station suitable for the sea near remote communication difficult for a long time.
With the increasing demands for ship communication, island-reef communication and sea-land data interaction, the gradual development of near-sea telecommunication technologies such as microwave communication, scattering communication and evaporation waveguide communication is more and more urgent, and the shore-based communication base station integrated with ship, island-reef and land communication connection and near-sea telecommunication means is also more and more urgent. At present, methods which can be used for marine communication include microwave communication, scattering communication, evaporation waveguide communication, satellite communication, submarine optical cable communication and the like, and all the communication methods have certain defects. Such as: the microwave communication distance is limited, a plurality of relay base stations need to be erected, and the wireless communication system cannot be used in a wide sea area and cannot carry out beyond-the-horizon communication; the scattering communication equipment has high precision requirement, large power consumption and large radiation hazard to human bodies; the evaporation waveguide communication needs to monitor or predict and forecast the channel state in real time, is sensitive to the change of weather and meteorological factors and has the characteristic of uneven level; the satellite communication frequency band is limited, the communication speed is slow, the cost is high, and the satellite communication frequency band is easy to destroy during combat; submarine optical cable communication is expensive, difficult to maintain and repair, and cannot be used for ship mobile communication.
Aiming at the problem that the requirements of maritime near-remote communication cannot be met by all communication modes in the prior art, the problem is not effectively solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a communication method and a communication system, which at least solve the problem that the requirements of near-remote communication at sea cannot be met due to each communication mode in the related technology.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a communication system including: the system comprises a base station tower, a base station control room and a ground network end, wherein the base station tower is connected with the base station control room through a first cable, and the base station control room is connected with the ground network end through a second cable; wherein, the base station tower includes: the antenna comprises a positioning module, an antenna array, a far-end radio frequency module, an upright post and a supporting post; the positioning module is arranged on any side of the top end of the base station tower, the antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module are arranged on the upright posts, the supporting posts are used for fixing the upright posts to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower comprises at least three groups of antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module.
Optionally, the antenna array and the horizontal plane form a preset angle, wherein the antenna array includes: parabolic antennas and/or plate antenna elements.
Optionally, the far-end rf module includes: frequency conversion processor, power amplifier, low noise amplifier and special radio frequency line.
Optionally, each of the at least three antenna arrays and the remote rf module includes an antenna array and a remote rf module.
Optionally, the base station tower further includes: the lightning arrester, wherein, the lightning arrester is located the top of basic station tower for lightning-arrest, ground protection basic station tower.
Optionally, the base station control room includes: indoor signal processing center, industrial computer, server and switch, wherein, indoor signal processing center's one end is connected with basic station tower, and indoor signal processing center's the other end is connected with the one end of industrial computer, and indoor signal processing center includes: baseband processing module and modem module, indoor signal processing center still includes: a scattering communication signal interface, a microwave communication signal interface and an evaporation waveguide communication signal interface; the other end of the industrial personal computer is connected with one end of the server and used for controlling the antenna array and the remote radio frequency module to search signals and adaptively selecting a corresponding communication mode according to the distance between the user side and the base station and the distribution of the evaporation waveguide; the other end of the server is connected with one end of the switch and used for transferring user data and system logs; the other end of the switch is connected with the ground network end and used for transmitting the signal to the ground network end through the network port or returning the signal of the ground network end to the server.
Optionally, the ground network includes: and the ground core network is used for connecting the base station and the Internet.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a communication method applied to the communication system, including: judging whether the running state of the positioning module is normal or not; if the judgment result is yes, determining the relative position of the user side through the positioning module, and determining a corresponding communication mode according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user side; under the condition that the judgment result is negative, scanning is carried out through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, the relative position of the user side is determined in a self-adaptive tracking mode, and a corresponding communication mode is determined according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user side; wherein, the communication mode includes: a scattering communication mode, a microwave communication mode, and an evaporation waveguide communication mode.
Optionally, determining a corresponding communication mode according to the relative position of the evaporation waveguide state and the user side includes: judging whether the relative position with the user side is greater than or equal to a preset distance; if so, judging whether the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss seen by the base station and the user side or not according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state, and establishing an evaporation waveguide communication link with the user side for communication under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user side; under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is less than or equal to the path loss seen by the base station and the user terminal, a scattered communication link is established with the user terminal for communication; under the condition that the judgment result is negative, establishing microwave communication with the user side for communication; wherein, judging whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state comprises: calculating the distribution of the evaporation waveguide between the base station and the user side according to meteorological data and a preset evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculating the path loss of the base station and the user side by combining a parabolic equation; calculating the communication system capacity of the base station according to the transmitting power, the transmitting antenna gain, the receiving antenna gain, the receiver sensitivity, the system allowance and the system loss of the base station; it is determined whether the communication system capability is greater than the path loss.
Further, optionally, the method further includes: judging whether the user side moves or not; if so, judging whether the relative position with the user side is greater than or equal to a preset distance, and matching a corresponding communication mode according to the judgment result; and if the judgment result is negative, maintaining the current communication mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, a base station tower is connected with a base station control room through a first cable, and the base station control room is connected with a ground network end through a second cable; wherein, the base station tower includes: the antenna comprises a positioning module, an antenna array, a far-end radio frequency module, an upright post and a supporting post; the positioning module is arranged on any side of the top end of the base station tower, the antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module are arranged on the upright posts, the supporting posts are used for fixing the upright posts to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower comprises at least three groups of antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module. That is to say, the embodiment of the invention can be used in the aspects of offshore communication network coverage, offshore communication management, sea-land data interaction, sea internet access, sea-crossing communication, ship communication and the like, and belongs to the technical fields of sea-land information interaction, sea communication mode integration, communication base station construction, offshore surface evaporation waveguide, sea information transmission, beyond-the-horizon communication and the like, thereby meeting the technical effect of huge requirements of sea near-remote communication.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna group in an antenna array in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a base station in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a procedure of building a base station in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a control base station in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a base station communication in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of path loss from a host to a user in a communication system in an evaporation waveguide environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a path loss from a host to a user in a standard atmospheric environment in another communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of path loss of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies in a scattering environment in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are used for distinguishing different objects, and are not used for limiting a specific order.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the communication system provided in the embodiment of the present application specifically includes:
the base station comprises a base station tower 12, a base station control room 14 and a ground network terminal 16, wherein the base station tower 12 is connected with the base station control room 14 through a first cable, and the base station control room 14 is connected with the ground network terminal 16 through a second cable; wherein, base station tower 12 includes: a positioning module 121, an antenna array 122, a remote radio frequency module 123, a column 124 and a support column 125; the positioning module 121 is disposed on any side of the top end of the base station tower 12, the antenna array 122 and the remote rf module 123 are disposed on the upright post 124, the support post 125 is used to fix the upright post 124 to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower 12 includes at least three antenna arrays 122 and remote rf modules 123.
Wherein, in this application embodiment, the first cable and the second cable may be: a feeder line or an optical fiber.
Optionally, the antenna array 122 forms a preset angle with the horizontal plane, where the antenna array 122 includes: parabolic antennas and/or plate antenna elements.
Optionally, the far-end rf module 123 includes: frequency conversion processor, power amplifier, low noise amplifier and special radio frequency line.
Optionally, each of the at least three antenna arrays 122 and the remote rf module 123 is composed of one antenna array 122 and one remote rf module 123.
Optionally, the base station tower 12 further includes: a lightning receptor 126, wherein the lightning receptor 126 is located at the top end of the base station tower 12 for lightning protection, and ground protection of the base station tower 12.
Optionally, the base station control room 14 includes: indoor signal processing center 141, industrial computer 142, server 143 and switch 144, wherein, indoor signal processing center 141's one end is connected with base station tower 12, and indoor signal processing center 141's the other end is connected with industrial computer 142's one end, and indoor signal processing center 141 includes: baseband processing module and modem module, the indoor signal processing center 141 further includes: a scattering communication signal interface, a microwave communication signal interface and an evaporation waveguide communication signal interface; the other end of the industrial personal computer 142 is connected with one end of the server 143, and is used for controlling the antenna array 122 and the far-end radio frequency module 123 to search signals, and adaptively selecting a corresponding communication mode according to the distance between a user side and a base station and the distribution of the evaporation waveguide; the other end of the server 143 is connected to one end of the switch 144, and is used for unloading the user data and the system log; the other end of the switch 144 is connected to the ground network 16 for transmitting the signal to the ground network 16 through the network port or returning the signal of the ground network 16 to the server 143.
Optionally, the ground network 16 includes: and the ground core network is used for connecting the base station and the Internet.
Specifically, in the communication system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the base station tower 12, the base station control room 14, and the ground network 16 are connected by using a feeder line or an optical fiber, and the coverage area of the base station tower 12 is a sea area within 20-100km from the shore. The height of the base station tower 12 is not more than 50 meters, and the base station tower 12 is composed of a lightning receptor 126, a Beidou positioning module (namely, the positioning module 121 provided in the embodiment of the present application), a tower body (namely, the upright post 124 in the embodiment of the present application), an antenna array 122, a far-end radio frequency module 123 and a support column 125, and the base station tower 12 is mainly responsible for transceiving electromagnetic wave signals and positioning; the base station control room 14 occupies no more than 20 square meters, consists of an indoor signal processing center 141, an industrial personal computer 142, a server 143 and a switch 144, and is mainly responsible for processing and unloading electromagnetic wave signals; the ground network 16 is composed of a ground core network and is mainly responsible for connecting a shore-based base station (i.e., the base station tower 12 in the embodiment of the present application) integrated with offshore near-remote communication with the internet and other networks.
The position of the shore-based base station is selected to avoid a crowd dense area as far as possible, the distance from the shore is not more than 1km, no building or terrain shielding exists between the shore-based base station and the shore, the power supply is convenient, the linear distance between adjacent shore-based base stations is not less than 20km, and the ground altitude is not more than 5 m. That is, the location of the base station tower 12 should be selected to avoid the crowd-dense area as much as possible, the distance from the shore is not more than 1km, there is no building or terrain shielding between the base station tower 12 and the shore, the power supply is convenient, the straight line distance between adjacent base station towers 12 is not less than 20km, and the ground altitude is not more than 5 m.
As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present application, there are three groups of the antenna array 122 and the far-end rf module 123, which are respectively used for receiving the scattering communication signal, the microwave communication signal and the evaporation waveguide communication signal, each group includes one antenna array and one far-end rf module (i.e., each group of the at least three groups of the antenna array 122 and the far-end rf module 123 in the implementation of the present application is composed of one antenna array 122 and the far-end rf module 123), and heights of the antenna array 122 and the far-end rf module 123 from the ground are respectively in a range of 25-30 meters, 20-25 meters and 3-10 meters. The antenna array 122 has a certain upward inclination angle (i.e., a preset angle in the embodiment of the present application) with the horizontal plane, so that it is convenient to send signals to the scattering layer, and the antenna array can be replaced with a parabolic antenna with a larger gain (i.e., a parabolic antenna in the embodiment of the present application) according to actual requirements.
According to the sea area distribution condition and the network congestion degree of the actual position where the base station tower 12 is erected on the coast, the number of antenna groups included in each antenna array 122 is adaptively selected, and the reference value is: 1-6, and each antenna group includes the adaptive adjustment of the plate-like antenna unit quantity, the reference value: 12 ~ 36, the angle of side scan can be regulated and control to slabby antenna unit (that is, the slabby antenna unit that this application embodiment provided) accessible industrial computer 142, increases the search efficiency of signal, and there is certain contained angle, reference value between the antenna stack of same antenna array 122: 60 ~ 120 to enlarge the signal coverage of antenna. The remote rf module 123 includes: frequency conversion processor, power amplifier, low noise amplifier and special radio frequency line.
The indoor signal processing center 141 includes a baseband processing module and a modulation and demodulation module, and three different sets of input and output interfaces are correspondingly matched with three communication modes of scattering communication, microwave communication and evaporation waveguide communication, wherein the frequency band of the microwave communication signal interface is 300MHz-3GHz, the frequency band of the scattering communication signal interface is 4GHz-8GHz, and the frequency band of the evaporation waveguide communication signal interface is 6GHz-12 GHz.
The industrial personal computer 142 is used for controlling antenna search signals, judging the distance between a user side and the base station tower 12, forecasting the distribution of the evaporation waveguide in the coverage area of the base station tower 12, and adaptively selecting a proper communication mode.
The server 143 is used for unloading user data and system logs.
The switch 144 is configured to transmit the signal processed by the base station to the land network 16 through the network port, or transmit the signal of the land network 16 to the server 143 in reverse direction (i.e., in this embodiment, the signal of the land network 16 is returned to the server 143).
The embodiments of the present application only take the above as examples, and do not specifically limit to implement the communication system provided in the embodiments of the present application.
A communication link is established between a host end (for example, a base station tower 12 in the embodiment of the present application) and a user end, and the specific steps of the Beidou positioning module when the Beidou positioning module is available are as follows:
step 1: the relative positions of the host end and the user end are determined through the Beidou positioning module, so that the antenna group is automatically aligned. Calculating the distance between the host end and the user end, determining whether the communication distance is the line of sight according to the following formula, and if so, continuing the step 2; otherwise, go to step 4.
Wherein R is max Is the radio communication line-of-sight propagation distance in m, H T Is the transmitting antenna height in m, H R Is the receive antenna height in m.
Step 2: the host side sends a communication handshake signal to the user side, and the user side responds to the host side after receiving the communication handshake signal, so that a microwave communication link is established.
And step 3: when the position of the host end or the user end moves, the antenna groups of the host end and the user end are in self-adaptive tracking alignment, so that the path loss is reduced. The host terminal monitors the distance between the two parties in real time and determines whether the communication distance is the line of sight distance. And 4, if the communication distance exceeds the sight distance or the communication link is interrupted, continuing to adopt the microwave communication mode.
And 4, step 4: the method comprises the following steps that a host computer end calculates evaporation waveguide distribution between the host computer end and a user end by utilizing mesoscale meteorological forecast data or marine actual measurement meteorological data in combination with an evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculates path loss PL from the host computer end to the user end in combination with a parabolic equation model; then, the communication capability a corresponding to the transmission rate i is determined by the following equation i ：
A i ＝P t +G t +G r -M a -L-S i
Wherein, P t Is the transmission power, G t Is the transmit antenna gain, G r Is the gain of the receiving antenna, S i Is the receiver sensitivity, M a Is the system margin and L is the system loss.
And 5: contrasting communication System capabilities A i The path loss PL from the host side to the user side. If the capacity of the communication system is larger than the path loss from the host end to the user end, the host end sends a communication handshake signal to the user end, and the user end responds to the host end after receiving the communication handshake signal to establish an evaporation waveguide communication link; otherwise, go to step 6.
Step 6: calculating path loss under a scattering condition by using an empirical formula of scattering communication, switching a communication mode into troposphere scattering communication by using a base station, sending a communication handshake signal to a user terminal by using an antenna array and a far-end radio frequency module of the scattering communication, and responding to the host terminal after the user terminal receives the communication handshake signal; if the user side is a ship, the measures of increasing the transmitting power of a transmitter, adopting a high-sensitivity receiver, improving the gain of a transmitting-receiving antenna, selecting a power amplifier with a certain multiple and the like are taken to establish a scattering communication link.
Wherein, if the communication link is established between the ship and the warship, any ship can be regarded as a host end or a user end; if the communication link is established between the ship and the shore base, the host end is regarded as the shore base station.
If the Beidou positioning module is in an unavailable state, the user side adopts an antenna group azimuth angle scanning scheme, continuously sends handshake signals, searches for the position of the host machine end, records the absolute azimuth angle of the current position once the position is locked, and locks the position of the host machine end antenna by using an antenna self-adaptive tracking technology. If the microwave communication is available, judging that the communication distance between the current host end and the current user end is the line of sight; otherwise, the communication distance between the host end and the user end is over-the-horizon, and the host end judges whether the evaporation waveguide communication is available or not through evaporation waveguide prediction, so that a corresponding over-the-horizon communication method is adopted.
The frequency band of the microwave communication link transmitting signal can be 300MHz-3GHz, the frequency band of the scattering communication link transmitting signal can be 4GHz-8GHz, and the frequency band of the evaporation waveguide communication link transmitting signal can be 6GHz-12 GHz.
To sum up, the communication system provided in the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:
using the base station shown in fig. 1 and the antenna groups in the antenna array shown in fig. 2, taking the base station location of fig. 3 (18.93 ° N, 110.51 ° E, coastline nearest 500 meters) as an example, according to the position of the base station tower 12 and the required coverage area of the embodiment of the application, the antenna needs to cover the sea area within 180 degrees of the horizontal direction of the sea, and no large-scale port or sea catching area is arranged near the sea area, ships are scattered, the network crowding degree is judged to be good initially, therefore, 12 plate-shaped antenna units are selected to form an antenna group, each plate-shaped antenna utilizes a triangular prism design to enlarge the coverage angle range, and the direction of the scanning angle is controlled by adopting an independent supporting column 125, the three groups of antenna groups form an antenna array 122, microwave communication, scattering communication and evaporation waveguide communication respectively use one antenna array, and the heights of the antenna arrays from the ground are respectively 30 meters, 25 meters and 5 meters. Wherein, the power amplifier used for scattering communication is 50dBm, and the power used for evaporation waveguide and microwave communication is 40 dBm. And building the base station according to the figure 4, and controlling the base station to operate by the industrial personal computer according to the logic of the figure 5.
That is, as shown in fig. 4, the procedure of building the base station is as follows:
step1, selecting a base station installation position according to user requirements, avoiding a densely populated area, and establishing a base station control room 14;
step2, constructing a vertical iron tower and a bottom support column, installing a lightning receptor 126 and a Beidou positioning module (namely, the positioning module 121 in the embodiment of the application), setting the number of plate-shaped antennas according to the number of users and the position of a base station (namely, the setting process of the antenna array 122), setting a base station tower 12, installing the antenna array 122 and a far-end radio frequency module 123 on the base station tower 12, and connecting the far-end radio frequency module 123 to an indoor signal processing center 141 in a base station control room 14 through a feeder line;
step3, the serial port of the industrial personal computer is accessed to the indoor signal processing center 141, the server 143 and the switch 144;
step4, the switch 144 is connected to the ground core network in the ground network terminal 16 through the optical fiber, and the base station is established.
As shown in fig. 5, the process of controlling the base station is as follows:
step1, judging whether the running state of the Beidou positioning module is available, if the running state of the Beidou positioning module is available, executing Step2, and if the running state of the Beidou positioning module is unavailable, executing Step 3;
step2, determining the relative position of the user end and the base station tower 12 through the Beidou positioning module;
step3, performing azimuth scanning by the antenna array 122 and the far-end radio frequency module 123, performing self-adaptive tracking, and determining the relative position with the user terminal;
step4, combining the relative positions with the user terminal obtained in Step2 and Step3, and selecting a communication mode according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position;
and Step5, calling the ground core network, the industrial personal computer 142, the server 143, the switch 144, the baseband processing module, the modulation and demodulation module, the power amplifier/low noise amplifier, the far-end radio frequency module 123 and the antenna array 122 to interact based on the communication mode determined in Step4, so as to realize the communication process between the host end and the user end.
The method for performing offshore near-remote communication according to three communication modes of microwave, evaporation waveguide and scattering specifically comprises the following steps:
1. a microwave communication mode: assuming that a Beidou satellite (i.e. a positioning system, in the embodiment of the present application, the Beidou satellite comprises the Beidou satellite, a Beidou positioning module in a base station tower 12 and a Beidou positioning client of a user end) is available, a shore-based base station is used as a host end, the distance between the user end and the host end is 20km, and the antenna height of the microwave communication equipment is 20 m.
Step 1: the relative positions of the host end and the user end are determined through the Beidou positioning module, so that the antenna group (namely, the antenna array 122 and the far-end radio frequency module 123) is automatically aligned. The distance between the host and the client is calculated, and the communication distance is determined as the line of sight (i.e., the preset distance in the embodiment of the present application) according to the following formula.
Step 2: the host side sends a communication handshake signal to the user side, and the user side responds to the host side after receiving the communication handshake signal, so that a microwave communication link is established.
2. Evaporation waveguide communication mode: assuming that the Beidou satellite is available, the measured distance between a user terminal and a host terminal is 50km, the antenna heights of the evaporation waveguide communication equipment are all 5m, the transmitting power is 40dBm, the transmitting antenna gain is 20dBi, the receiving antenna gain is 20dBi, the receiver sensitivity is-110 dBm, the system margin is 5dB, and the system loss is 5 dB.
Step 1: the relative positions of the host end and the user end are determined through the Beidou positioning module, so that the antenna group is automatically aligned. And calculating the distance between the host end and the user end, and determining the communication distance as the over-the-horizon according to the following formula.
Step 2: the host end calculates the evaporation waveguide distribution between the host end and the user end by using the mesoscale meteorological forecast data and the evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculates the path loss from the host end to the user end by combining a parabolic equation model, as shown in fig. 7, the path loss under the evaporation waveguide environment is about 145dB, and the corresponding communication capacity a is determined by the following formula i ：
A i ＝40+20+20-5-5-(-110)＝200
And step 3: the calculation result shows that the communication capacity of the system is larger than the path loss, the current evaporation waveguide environment is suitable for evaporation waveguide communication, the host side sends a communication handshake signal to the user side, and the user side responds to the host side after receiving the communication handshake signal to establish an evaporation waveguide communication link.
3. Scattering communication mode: assuming that the Beidou satellite is available, the measured distance between a user end and a host end is 50km, the antenna heights of the evaporation waveguide communication equipment are all 5m, the transmitting power is 40dBm, the transmitting antenna gain is 30dBi, the receiving antenna gain is 20dBi, the receiver sensitivity is-110 dBm, the system margin is 5dB, and the system loss is 5 dB.
Step 1: the relative positions of the host end and the user end are determined through the Beidou satellite, so that the antenna group is automatically aligned. And calculating the distance between the host end and the user end, and determining the communication distance as the over-the-horizon according to the following formula.
Step 2: the host end calculates the distribution of the evaporation waveguide between the host end and the user end by using the mesoscale meteorological forecast data and the evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculates the path loss from the host end to the user end by combining a parabolic equation model, as shown in fig. 8, the path loss is about 204dB, and the corresponding communication capacity a is determined by the following formula i ：
A i ＝40+20+20-5-5-(-110)＝200
And step 3: the calculation result shows that the communication capacity of the system is smaller than the path loss, the current evaporation waveguide environment is not suitable for evaporation waveguide communication, the path loss under the scattering condition is 192-198 dB in the graph 9, the system capacity is larger than the path loss under the scattering condition, the host end sends a communication handshake signal to the user end, the user end responds to the host end after receiving the communication handshake signal, the frequency of the transceiving signal is set to be 4GHz, the transmitting power of a user end transmitter is adjusted to be 50dBm, the transceiving antenna adopts a parabolic antenna with the gain of 35dBi, the height of the antenna is 30m, and a scattering communication link is established.
As shown in fig. 6, the maritime near-remote communication method specifically includes:
step1, on the base station side, determining whether the operation state of the positioning module is available, if yes, executing Step2 (i.e., Step S1004 in the present embodiment), and if no, executing Step3 (i.e., Step S1006 in the present embodiment);
step2, determining the relative position of the base station and the user terminal through a positioning module;
step3, scanning through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, and determining the relative position of the user side by self-adaptive tracking;
step4, judging whether the relative position with the user terminal is larger than or equal to a preset distance; if yes, Step5 is executed; if not, executing Step 8;
step5, under the condition that the judgment result is yes, judging whether the capacity of the communication system is larger than the path loss seen by the base station and the user side according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state; if yes, Step6 is executed; if not, Step7 is executed.
Wherein, judging whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state comprises: calculating the distribution of the evaporation waveguide between the base station and the user side according to meteorological data and a preset evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculating the path loss of the base station and the user side by combining a parabolic equation; calculating the communication system capacity of the base station according to the transmitting power, the transmitting antenna gain, the receiving antenna gain, the receiver sensitivity, the system allowance and the system loss of the base station; it is determined whether the communication system capability is greater than the path loss.
Step6, establishing an evaporation waveguide communication link with the user terminal for communication under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is larger than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal;
the process of establishing the evaporation waveguide communication link with the user side for communication is as follows: the host side sends communication handshake signals to the user side, and the user side responds to the host side to establish an evaporation waveguide communication link.
Step7, under the condition that the communication system capability is less than or equal to the path loss seen by the base station and the user terminal, establishing a scattering communication link with the user terminal for communication;
the process of establishing the scattering communication link with the user side for communication is as follows: the method comprises the steps that a communication handshake signal is sent to a user side by a host side, the user side responds to the host side, the radiation power of a transmitter is increased, a high-sensitivity receiver is adopted, the gain of a receiving and transmitting antenna is improved, a certain endorsement power amplifier is selected, and a scattering communication link is established.
Step8, if the judgment result is negative, establishing microwave communication with the user terminal for communication.
The process of establishing the microwave communication link with the user side for communication is as follows: the host side sends communication handshake signals to the user side, and the user side responds to the host side to establish a microwave communication link.
Step9, judging whether the user terminal moves, if yes, executing Step 4; if not, the current communication mode is maintained.
The communication system provided by the embodiment of the application constructs the outdoor base station tower and the base station control room by combining the microwave communication equipment, the scattering communication equipment and the evaporation waveguide communication equipment, adaptively selects the communication mode on the basis of exerting advantages of various communication modes, avoiding defects, saving resources and uninterrupted communication, and ensures the basic communication requirements between near-remote ships and shore bases on the sea, between ships and warships, between island reefs and shore bases, and between island reefs and island reefs; data intercommunication with the ground internet is realized by connecting an external network terminal, so that the maritime communication networking is realized, and the vacancy of maritime wireless communication is made up; and adaptively selecting a marine communication mode by judging the distance between the antennas and combining methods such as an evaporation waveguide prediction model, a parabolic equation model, an evaporation waveguide communication aid decision making technology, a self-adaptive antenna switching technology, an antenna tracking alignment technology and the like, ensuring that communication is continuous and uninterrupted, and simultaneously utilizing an optimal communication frequency band, improving the communication rate and selecting the optimal marine communication mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, a base station tower is connected with a base station control room through a first cable, and the base station control room is connected with a ground network end through a second cable; wherein, the base station tower includes: the antenna comprises a positioning module, an antenna array, a far-end radio frequency module, an upright post and a supporting post; the positioning module is arranged on any side of the top end of the base station tower, the antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module are arranged on the upright posts, the supporting posts are used for fixing the upright posts to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower comprises at least three groups of antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module. That is to say, the embodiment of the invention can be used in the aspects of offshore communication network coverage, offshore communication management, sea-land data interaction, sea internet access, sea-crossing communication, ship communication and the like, and belongs to the technical fields of sea-land information interaction, sea communication mode integration, communication base station construction, offshore surface evaporation waveguide, sea information transmission, beyond-the-horizon communication and the like, thereby meeting the technical effect of huge requirements of sea near-remote communication.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a communication method, and fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the communication method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 10, when applied to the communication systems shown in fig. 1 to 9, the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the following steps:
according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a communication method including:
step S1002, judging whether the running state of the positioning module is normal or not;
step S1004, determining the relative position of the user terminal through the positioning module under the condition that the judgment result is yes, and determining a corresponding communication mode according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user terminal;
step S1006, under the condition that the judgment result is negative, scanning is carried out through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, the relative position of the user end is determined in a self-adaptive tracking mode, and a corresponding communication mode is determined according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user end; wherein, the communication mode includes: a scattering communication mode, a microwave communication mode, and an evaporation waveguide communication mode.
Optionally, determining a corresponding communication mode according to the relative position of the evaporation waveguide state and the user side includes: judging whether the relative position with the user side is greater than or equal to a preset distance; if so, judging whether the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss seen by the base station and the user side or not according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state, and establishing an evaporation waveguide communication link with the user side for communication under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user side; under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is less than or equal to the path loss seen by the base station and the user terminal, a scattered communication link is established with the user terminal for communication; under the condition that the judgment result is negative, establishing microwave communication with the user side for communication; wherein, judging whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state comprises: calculating the distribution of the evaporation waveguide between the base station and the user side according to meteorological data and a preset evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculating the path loss of the base station and the user side by combining a parabolic equation; calculating the communication system capacity of the base station according to the transmitting power, the transmitting antenna gain, the receiving antenna gain, the receiver sensitivity, the system allowance and the system loss of the base station; it is determined whether the communication system capability is greater than the path loss.
Further, optionally, the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes: judging whether the user side moves or not; if so, judging whether the relative position with the user side is greater than or equal to a preset distance or not, and matching a corresponding communication mode according to the judgment result; and if the judgment result is negative, maintaining the current communication mode.
Specifically, with reference to steps S1002 to S1006, a specific implementation process of the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application may be shown in fig. 6, which is specifically as follows:
step1, on the base station side, determining whether the operation state of the positioning module is available, if yes, executing Step2 (i.e., Step S1004 in the present embodiment), and if no, executing Step3 (i.e., Step S1006 in the present embodiment);
step2, determining the relative position of the base station and the user terminal through a positioning module;
step3, scanning through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, and determining the relative position of the user side by self-adaptive tracking;
step4, judging whether the relative position with the user terminal is larger than or equal to a preset distance; if yes, Step5 is executed; if not, executing Step 8;
step5, under the condition that the judgment result is yes, judging whether the capacity of the communication system is larger than the path loss seen by the base station and the user side according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state; if yes, Step6 is executed; if not, Step7 is executed.
Wherein, judging whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state comprises: calculating the distribution of the evaporation waveguide between the base station and the user side according to meteorological data and a preset evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculating the path loss of the base station and the user side by combining a parabolic equation; calculating the communication system capacity of the base station according to the transmitting power, the transmitting antenna gain, the receiving antenna gain, the receiver sensitivity, the system allowance and the system loss of the base station; it is determined whether the communication system capability is greater than the path loss.
Step6, establishing an evaporation waveguide communication link with the user terminal for communication under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is larger than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal;
the process of establishing the evaporation waveguide communication link with the user side for communication is as follows: the host side sends communication handshake signals to the user side, and the user side responds to the host side to establish an evaporation waveguide communication link.
Step7, under the condition that the communication system capability is less than or equal to the path loss seen by the base station and the user terminal, establishing a scattering communication link with the user terminal for communication;
the process of establishing the scattering communication link with the user side for communication is as follows: the method comprises the steps that a communication handshake signal is sent to a user side by a host side, the user side responds to the host side, the radiation power of a transmitter is increased, a high-sensitivity receiver is adopted, the gain of a receiving and transmitting antenna is improved, a certain endorsement power amplifier is selected, and a scattering communication link is established.
Step8, if the judgment result is negative, establishing microwave communication with the user terminal for communication.
The process of establishing the microwave communication link with the user side for communication is as follows: the host side sends communication handshake signals to the user side, and the user side responds to the host side to establish a microwave communication link.
Step9, judging whether the user terminal moves, if yes, executing Step 4; if not, the current communication mode is maintained.
In the embodiment of the invention, whether the running state of the positioning module is normal is judged; if the judgment result is yes, determining the relative position of the user side through the positioning module, and determining a corresponding communication mode according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user side; under the condition that the judgment result is negative, scanning is carried out through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, the relative position of the user side is determined in a self-adaptive tracking mode, and a corresponding communication mode is determined according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user side; wherein, the communication mode includes: a scattering communication mode, a microwave communication mode, and an evaporation waveguide communication mode. That is to say, the embodiment of the invention can be used in the aspects of offshore communication network coverage, offshore communication management, sea-land data interaction, sea internet access, sea-crossing communication, ship communication and the like, and belongs to the technical fields of sea-land information interaction, sea communication mode integration, communication base station construction, offshore surface evaporation waveguide, sea information transmission, beyond-the-horizon communication and the like, thereby meeting the technical effect of huge requirements of sea near-remote communication.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A communication system, comprising:
a base station tower, a base station control room and a ground network terminal, wherein,
the base station tower is connected with the base station control room through a first cable, and the base station control room is connected with the ground network end through a second cable;
wherein the base station tower comprises: the antenna comprises a positioning module, an antenna array, a far-end radio frequency module, an upright post and a supporting post; the positioning module is arranged on any side of the top end of the base station tower, the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module are arranged on the upright post, the supporting post is used for fixing the upright post and is vertically arranged with the horizontal plane, and the base station tower comprises at least three groups of antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module.
2. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the antenna array is at a predetermined angle from horizontal, wherein the antenna array comprises: parabolic antennas and/or plate antenna elements.
3. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the far-end rf module comprises: frequency conversion processor, power amplifier, low noise amplifier and special radio frequency line.
4. The communication system according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the at least three sets of antenna arrays and remote radio modules comprises one of the antenna arrays and the remote radio modules.
5. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the base station tower further comprises: the lightning arrester is located the top of base station tower for take shelter from thunder, ground protection the base station tower.
6. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the base station control room comprises: indoor signal processing center, industrial personal computer, server and exchanger, wherein,
indoor signal processing center's one end with the basic station tower is connected, indoor signal processing center's the other end with the one end of industrial computer is connected, indoor signal processing center includes: baseband processing module and modem module, indoor signal processing center still includes: a scattering communication signal interface, a microwave communication signal interface and an evaporation waveguide communication signal interface;
the other end of the industrial personal computer is connected with one end of the server and used for controlling the antenna array and the remote radio frequency module to search signals and adaptively selecting a corresponding communication mode according to the distance between the user side and the base station and the distribution of the evaporation waveguide;
the other end of the server is connected with one end of the switch and used for unloading user data and system logs;
and the other end of the switch is connected with the ground network end and is used for transmitting signals to the ground network end through a network port or returning the signals of the ground network end to the server.
7. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the ground network side comprises: and the ground core network is used for connecting the base station and the Internet.
8. A communication method applied to the communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
judging whether the running state of the positioning module is normal or not;
if the judgment result is yes, determining the relative position of the user side through the positioning module, and determining a corresponding communication mode according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user side;
under the condition that the judgment result is negative, scanning is carried out through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, the relative position of the user side is determined in a self-adaptive tracking mode, and a corresponding communication mode is determined according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user side;
wherein, the communication mode comprises: a scattering communication mode, a microwave communication mode, and an evaporation waveguide communication mode.
9. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the determining the corresponding communication manner according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user terminal comprises:
judging whether the relative position with the user side is greater than or equal to a preset distance;
if so, judging whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss seen by the base station and the user side or not according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state, and establishing an evaporation waveguide communication link with the user side for communication under the condition that the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user side; under the condition that the capacity of a communication system is less than or equal to the path loss seen by the base station and the user terminal, a scattered communication link is established with the user terminal for communication;
under the condition that the judgment result is negative, establishing microwave communication with the user side for communication;
wherein, the judging whether the communication system capacity is larger than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state comprises: calculating evaporation waveguide distribution between the base station and the user side according to meteorological data and a preset evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculating path loss of the base station and the user side by combining a parabolic equation; calculating the communication system capacity of the base station according to the transmitting power, the transmitting antenna gain, the receiving antenna gain, the receiver sensitivity, the system allowance and the system loss of the base station; determining whether the communication system capability is greater than the path loss.
10. The communication method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
judging whether the user side moves or not;
if so, judging whether the relative position with the user side is greater than or equal to a preset distance, and matching a corresponding communication mode according to the judgment result;
and if the judgment result is negative, maintaining the current communication mode.
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