CN114844548B - Communication method and system - Google Patents
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- CN114844548B CN114844548B CN202210340579.0A CN202210340579A CN114844548B CN 114844548 B CN114844548 B CN 114844548B CN 202210340579 A CN202210340579 A CN 202210340579A CN 114844548 B CN114844548 B CN 114844548B
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 332
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 87
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
- H04B7/15507—Relay station based processing for cell extension or control of coverage area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18515—Transmission equipment in satellites or space-based relays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18517—Transmission equipment in earth stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
- H04B7/18545—Arrangements for managing station mobility, i.e. for station registration or localisation
- H04B7/18547—Arrangements for managing station mobility, i.e. for station registration or localisation for geolocalisation of a station
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/22—Scatter propagation systems, e.g. ionospheric, tropospheric or meteor scatter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a communication method and system. The communication system includes: the system comprises a base station tower, a base station control room and a ground network end, wherein the base station tower is connected with the base station control room through a first cable, and the base station control room is connected with the ground network end through a second cable; wherein, the base station tower includes: the antenna comprises a positioning module, an antenna array, a remote radio frequency module, a stand column and a support column; the positioning module is arranged on any side of the top end of the base station tower, the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module are arranged on the upright post, the support post is used for fixing the upright post to be arranged vertically to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower comprises at least three groups of antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module. According to the invention, the problem that the requirements of offshore near-remote communication cannot be met due to all communication modes in the related technology is solved, and the technical effect of meeting the huge requirements of offshore near-remote communication is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a communication method and system.
Background
With the increasing economic value, strategic significance and military requirements of oceans and islands, the gradual development of land "5G" communication and "everything interconnection" is carried out, and the craving of residents of offshore aircrafts and islands for offshore communication and Internet access is also becoming more and more intense. Unlike terrestrial 4G, 5G mobile communication base station construction, offshore 4G, 5G mobile communication base station construction is costly, inconvenient to implement and less profitable, and the possible change in location of offshore users, as well as the need for offshore remote communications, has long been a problem for base station construction suitable for offshore near remote communications.
With the increasing demands of ship communication, island reef communication and sea-land data interaction, the development of near-sea remote communication technologies such as microwave communication, scattering communication and evaporation waveguide communication is advanced, and the construction of shore-based communication base stations for realizing the integration of ships, island reefs and land communication and near-sea remote communication means is urgent. Currently, methods available for offshore communication include microwave communication, scattering communication, evaporation waveguide communication, satellite communication, submarine optical cable communication, and the like, and all of these communication means have certain disadvantages. Such as: the microwave communication distance is limited, a plurality of relay base stations need to be erected, and the method cannot be used in wide sea areas and cannot be used for beyond-the-horizon communication; the scattering communication equipment has high precision requirement, high power consumption and large radiation hazard to human bodies; the evaporation waveguide communication needs to monitor or predict the state of a forecast channel in real time, is sensitive to the change of weather factors, and has the characteristic of uneven level; satellite communication frequency band is limited, communication speed is low, cost is high, and the satellite communication frequency band is easy to destroy in war; submarine optical cable communication is high in cost, difficult to maintain and repair and cannot be used for ship mobile communication.
Aiming at the problem that all communication modes in the prior related art can not meet the requirements of offshore near-distance communication, the method has not been solved effectively.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a communication method and a communication system, which at least solve the problem that the requirements of offshore near-distance communication cannot be met due to all communication modes in the related art.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a communication system including: the system comprises a base station tower, a base station control room and a ground network end, wherein the base station tower is connected with the base station control room through a first cable, and the base station control room is connected with the ground network end through a second cable; wherein, the base station tower includes: the antenna comprises a positioning module, an antenna array, a remote radio frequency module, a stand column and a support column; the positioning module is arranged on any side of the top end of the base station tower, the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module are arranged on the upright post, the support post is used for fixing the upright post to be arranged vertically to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower comprises at least three groups of antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module.
Optionally, the antenna array forms a preset angle with the horizontal plane, wherein the antenna array includes: parabolic antennas and/or plate antenna elements.
Optionally, the remote radio frequency module includes: the system comprises a frequency conversion processor, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier and a special radio frequency wire.
Optionally, each of the at least three sets of antenna arrays and the remote radio frequency module is comprised of one antenna array and the remote radio frequency module.
Optionally, the base station tower further comprises: and the lightning receiver is positioned at the top end of the base station tower and used for lightning protection and grounding protection of the base station tower.
Optionally, the base station control room includes: indoor signal processing center, industrial computer, server and switch, wherein, indoor signal processing center's one end is connected with the basic station tower, and indoor signal processing center's the other end is connected with the one end of industrial computer, and indoor signal processing center includes: the indoor signal processing center also comprises: a scattering communication signal interface, a microwave communication signal interface and an evaporation waveguide communication signal interface; the other end of the industrial personal computer is connected with one end of the server and is used for controlling the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module to search signals and adaptively selecting a corresponding communication mode according to the distance between the user end and the base station and the evaporation waveguide distribution; the other end of the server is connected with one end of the switch and is used for transferring user data and system logs; the other end of the switch is connected with the ground network end and is used for transmitting signals to the ground network end through a network port or returning signals of the ground network end to the server.
Optionally, the ground network side includes: and the ground core network is used for connecting the base station and the Internet.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a communication method applied to the above communication system, including: judging whether the operation state of the positioning module is normal; if the judgment result is yes, determining the relative position of the user end through the positioning module, and determining a corresponding communication mode according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user end; under the condition that the judgment result is negative, scanning is carried out through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, the relative position of the user end is determined through self-adaptive tracking, and a corresponding communication mode is determined according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user end; the communication mode comprises the following steps: scattering communication mode, microwave communication mode, and evaporation waveguide communication mode.
Optionally, determining the corresponding communication mode according to the relative position of the evaporation waveguide state and the user terminal includes: judging whether the relative position between the mobile terminal and the user terminal is greater than or equal to a preset distance; if so, judging whether the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state, and establishing an evaporation waveguide communication link with the user terminal for communication under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal; under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is less than or equal to the path loss between the base station and the user terminal, a scattering communication link is established with the user terminal for communication; if the judgment result is negative, establishing microwave communication with the user terminal for communication; wherein, judging whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state comprises: according to meteorological data and a preset evaporation waveguide prediction model, calculating evaporation waveguide distribution between a base station and a user side, and calculating path loss between the base station and the user side by combining a parabolic equation; calculating the communication system capacity of the base station according to the transmitting power, the transmitting antenna gain, the receiving antenna gain, the receiver sensitivity, the system margin and the system loss of the base station; it is determined whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss.
Further, optionally, the method further comprises: judging whether the user side moves or not; if the judgment result is yes, judging whether the relative position between the mobile terminal and the user terminal is greater than or equal to a preset distance, and matching the corresponding communication mode according to the judgment result; and if the judgment result is negative, maintaining the current communication mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, a base station tower is connected with a base station control room through a first cable, and the base station control room is connected with a ground network end through a second cable; wherein, the base station tower includes: the antenna comprises a positioning module, an antenna array, a remote radio frequency module, a stand column and a support column; the positioning module is arranged on any side of the top end of the base station tower, the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module are arranged on the upright post, the support post is used for fixing the upright post to be arranged vertically to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower comprises at least three groups of antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module. That is, the embodiment of the invention can be used for offshore communication network coverage, offshore communication management, sea-land data interaction, offshore internet access, cross-sea communication, ship communication and the like, and belongs to the technical fields of sea-land information interaction, offshore communication mode integration, communication base station construction, offshore evaporation waveguide, offshore information transmission, beyond-the-horizon communication and the like, so that the technical effect of huge demands of offshore near-remote communication is satisfied.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna group in an antenna array in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a base station configuration in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a base station construction in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a control base station in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of base station communication in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of path loss from a host side to a user side in an evaporation waveguide environment in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of path loss from a host to a user in a standard atmospheric environment in another communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of path loss of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in a scattering environment in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and in the drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for limiting a particular order.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application specifically includes:
the system comprises a base station tower 12, a base station control room 14 and a ground network end 16, wherein the base station tower 12 is connected with the base station control room 14 through a first cable, and the base station control room 14 is connected with the ground network end 16 through a second cable; wherein the base station tower 12 comprises: a positioning module 121, an antenna array 122, a remote radio frequency module 123, a post 124 and a support post 125; the positioning module 121 is disposed on any side of the top end of the base station tower 12, the antenna array 122 and the remote radio frequency module 123 are disposed on the upright post 124, the support post 125 is used for fixing the upright post 124 to be disposed vertically to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower 12 includes at least three groups of antenna arrays 122 and the remote radio frequency module 123.
In this embodiment of the present application, the first cable and the second cable may be: a feeder line or an optical fiber.
Optionally, the antenna array 122 forms a preset angle with the horizontal plane, where the antenna array 122 includes: parabolic antennas and/or plate antenna elements.
Optionally, the remote radio frequency module 123 includes: the system comprises a frequency conversion processor, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier and a special radio frequency wire.
Optionally, at least three groups of antenna arrays 122 and remote radio modules 123 are each formed by one antenna array 122 and remote radio module 123.
Optionally, the base station tower 12 further comprises: a lightning receptor 126, wherein the lightning receptor 126 is located at the top end of the base station tower 12 for lightning protection and grounding protection of the base station tower 12.
Optionally, the base station control room 14 includes: the indoor signal processing center 141, the industrial computer 142, the server 143 and the switch 144, wherein, the one end of indoor signal processing center 141 is connected with the base station tower 12, and the other end of indoor signal processing center 141 is connected with the one end of industrial computer 142, and indoor signal processing center 141 includes: the baseband processing module and the modem module, the indoor signal processing center 141 further includes: a scattering communication signal interface, a microwave communication signal interface and an evaporation waveguide communication signal interface; the other end of the industrial personal computer 142 is connected with one end of the server 143, and is used for controlling the antenna array 122 and the far-end radio frequency module 123 to search signals and adaptively selecting a corresponding communication mode according to the distance between the user end and the base station and the evaporation waveguide distribution; the other end of the server 143 is connected with one end of the switch 144 for transferring user data and system logs; the other end of the switch 144 is connected to the ground network side 16 for delivering signals to the ground network side 16 through a network port or returning signals from the ground network side 16 to the server 143.
Optionally, the ground network end 16 includes: and the ground core network is used for connecting the base station and the Internet.
Specifically, in the communication system provided in the embodiment of the present application, feeder lines or optical fibers are used among the base station tower 12, the base station control room 14 and the ground network end 16, and the coverage area of the base station tower 12 is a sea area within 20-100km from the shore. The height of the base station tower 12 is not more than 50 meters, and the base station tower 12 is mainly responsible for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals and positioning, and is composed of a lightning receiver 126, a Beidou positioning module (i.e. the positioning module 121 provided by the embodiment of the application), a tower body (i.e. the upright post 124 in the embodiment of the application), an antenna array 122, a remote radio frequency module 123 and a support post 125; the base station control room 14 occupies no more than 20 square meters, consists of an indoor signal processing center 141, an industrial personal computer 142, a server 143 and a switch 144, and is mainly responsible for processing and transferring electromagnetic wave signals; the ground network end 16 is composed of a ground core network and is mainly responsible for connecting the offshore near-remote communication integrated shore base station (i.e., the base station tower 12 in the embodiment of the application) with the internet and other networks.
The position of the shore base station is selected to avoid crowd-intensive areas as much as possible, the distance from the shore is not more than 1km, no building or terrain shielding exists between the shore base station and the shore, the power supply is convenient, the linear distance between adjacent shore base stations is not less than 20km, and the ground elevation is not more than 5m. That is, the position of the base station tower 12 should be selected so as to avoid the crowd-intensive area as much as possible, the distance from the coast is not more than 1km, there is no building or terrain shielding between the base station tower 12 and the coast, the power supply is convenient, the straight line distance between the adjacent base station towers 12 is not less than 20km, and the ground elevation is not more than 5m.
As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present application, three antenna arrays 122 and far-end radio frequency modules 123 are used to receive the scattered communication signal, the microwave communication signal, and the evaporation waveguide communication signal, respectively, each of which includes one antenna array and far-end radio frequency module (i.e., at least three antenna arrays 122 and far-end radio frequency modules 123 in the embodiment of the present application are each composed of one antenna array 122 and far-end radio frequency module 123), and the heights of the antenna arrays 122 and the far-end radio frequency modules 123 from the ground are in the range of 25-30 meters, 20-25 meters, and 3-10 meters, respectively. The antenna array 122 has a certain upward inclination angle (i.e., a preset angle in the embodiment of the present application) with the horizontal plane, so that a signal can be conveniently sent to the scattering layer, and the antenna array can be replaced by a parabolic antenna with larger gain (i.e., a parabolic antenna in the embodiment of the present application) according to actual requirements.
The number of antenna groups included in each antenna array 122 is adaptively selected according to the sea distribution condition and the network congestion degree of the base station tower 12 at the actual position of the shore erection, and the reference values are as follows: 1-6, and each antenna group comprises plate-shaped antenna units, the number of which is also adaptively adjusted, and the reference value is as follows: 12-36 plate-shaped antenna units (i.e., the plate-shaped antenna units provided in the embodiment of the present application) can regulate and control the side scanning angle through the industrial personal computer 142, so as to increase the signal searching efficiency, and a certain included angle exists between the antenna groups of the same antenna array 122, and the reference value is as follows: 60-120 deg. to expand the signal coverage of the antenna. The remote rf module 123 includes: frequency conversion processor, power amplifier, low noise amplifier and special radio frequency line.
The indoor signal processing center 141 includes a baseband processing module and a modem module, and is correspondingly matched with three different input/output interfaces in three communication modes of scattering communication, microwave communication and evaporation waveguide communication, the frequency band of the microwave communication signal interface is 300MHz-3GHz, the frequency band of the scattering communication signal interface is 4GHz-8GHz, and the frequency band of the evaporation waveguide communication signal interface is 6GHz-12GHz.
The industrial personal computer 142 is used for controlling antenna search signals, judging the distance between the user end and the base station tower 12, forecasting evaporation waveguide distribution in the coverage area of the base station tower 12, and adaptively selecting a proper communication mode.
The server 143 is used for transferring user data, system logs, and other information.
The switch 144 is used to transfer the signal processed by the base station end to the ground network end 16 through the network port, or to reversely transfer the signal of the ground network end 16 to the server 143 (i.e., the signal of the ground network end 16 is returned to the server 143 in the embodiment of the present application).
The embodiments of the present application take the foregoing examples as examples only, and the implementation of the communication system provided in the embodiments of the present application is mainly limited to this embodiment.
A communication link is established between a host end (for example, a base station tower 12 in the embodiment of the present application) and a user end, and specific steps when the beidou positioning module is available are as follows:
step 1: the host end and the user end determine the relative positions of the two parties through the Beidou positioning module, so that the antenna groups are automatically aligned. Calculating the distance between the host end and the user end, determining whether the communication distance is the line of sight or not according to the following method, and if so, continuing the step 2; otherwise, go to step 4.
Wherein R is max Is the video distance of radio communication, unit m, H T Is the height of the transmitting antenna, unit m, H R Is the receiving antenna height, in m.
Step 2: the host end sends a communication handshake signal to the user end, and the user end responds to the host end after receiving the communication handshake signal, thereby establishing a microwave communication link.
Step 3: when the host end or the user end moves in position, the host end and the antenna group of the user end are adaptively tracked and aligned so as to reduce path loss. The host monitors the distance between the two parties in real time and determines whether the communication distance is the line of sight. If the communication distance is beyond the line of sight or the communication link is interrupted, step4 is performed, otherwise, the microwave communication mode is continuously adopted.
Step 4: the host end calculates evaporation waveguide distribution between the host end and the user end by utilizing mesoscale weather forecast data or marine actual measurement weather data and combining an evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculates path loss PL from the host end to the user end by combining a parabolic equation model; then, the communication capability a corresponding to the transmission rate i is determined by i ：
A i ＝P t +G t +G r -M a -L-S i
Wherein P is t Is the transmitting power, G t Is the transmit antenna gain, G r Is the gain of the receiving antenna, S i Is the receiver sensitivity, M a Is the system margin and L is the system loss.
Step 5: the communication system capability Ai is compared with the path loss PL between the host side and the user side. If the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the host end and the user end, the host end sends a communication handshake signal to the user end, and the user end responds to the host end after receiving the communication handshake signal to establish an evaporation waveguide communication link; otherwise, go to step 6.
Step 6: calculating path loss under scattering conditions by using an empirical formula of scattering communication, switching a communication mode into troposphere scattering communication by a base station, using an antenna array and a remote radio frequency module of the scattering communication, sending a communication handshake signal to a user terminal by a host terminal, and responding to the host terminal after the user terminal receives the communication handshake signal; if the user terminal is a ship, measures such as increasing the transmitting power of a transmitter, adopting a high-sensitivity receiver, improving the gain of a receiving and transmitting antenna, selecting a power amplifier with a certain multiple and the like are adopted to establish a scattering communication link.
If the communication link is established between ships, any ship can be considered as a host end or a user end; if the communication link is established between the ship and the shore base, the host end is considered to be the shore base station.
If the Beidou positioning module is in an unavailable state, the user side adopts an antenna group azimuth scanning scheme to continuously send handshake signals to find the position of the host side, once the position is locked, the absolute azimuth at the current position is recorded, and the antenna position of the host side is locked by utilizing an antenna self-adaptive tracking technology. If the microwave communication is available, judging that the communication distance between the current host end and the user end is the line-of-sight; otherwise, the communication distance between the current host end and the user end is beyond the line of sight, and the host end judges whether the evaporation waveguide communication is available or not through the evaporation waveguide forecast, and then a corresponding beyond the line of sight communication method is adopted.
The frequency band of the transmission signal of the microwave communication link can be 300MHz-3GHz, the frequency band of the transmission signal of the scattering communication link can be 4GHz-8GHz, and the frequency band of the transmission signal of the evaporation waveguide communication link can be 6GHz-12GHz.
In summary, the communication system provided in the embodiment of the present application is specifically implemented as follows:
the base station shown in fig. 1 and the antenna group in the antenna array shown in fig. 2 are adopted, taking the base station position (18.93°n,110.51 °e, coastline nearest distance 500 meters) in fig. 3 as an example, according to the base station tower 12 position and the required coverage area in the embodiment of the present application, the antenna needs to cover the sea area with the ocean direction horizontal 180°range, and no large port or sea capture area is near the sea area, the ship is relatively dispersed, and the network congestion degree is primarily judged, therefore, 12 plate-shaped antenna units are selected to form an antenna group, each plate-shaped antenna expands the coverage angle range by using a triangular prism design, and the azimuth of the scanning angle is controlled by adopting an independent support column 125, and three groups of antenna groups form an antenna array 122, and the heights of the antenna array from the ground are 30 meters, 25 meters and 5 meters respectively for microwave communication, scattering communication and evaporation waveguide communication. Wherein the power amplifier used for scattering communication is 50dBm, and the power used for evaporation waveguide and microwave communication is 40dBm. According to the construction base station of fig. 4, the industrial personal computer logically controls the operation of the base station according to fig. 5.
That is, as shown in fig. 4, the process of constructing the base station is as follows:
step1, selecting a base station installation position according to user requirements, avoiding a densely populated area, and establishing a base station control room 14;
step2, constructing a vertical iron tower and a bottom support column, installing a lightning receptor 126 and a Beidou positioning module (namely, a positioning module 121 in the embodiment of the application), setting plate-shaped antenna quantity (namely, the setting process of an antenna array 122) according to the quantity of users and the position of a base station, setting up a base station tower 12, installing the antenna array 122 and a far-end radio frequency module 123 on the base station tower 12, and connecting the far-end radio frequency module 123 into an indoor signal processing center 141 in a base station control room 14 through feeder line connection;
step3, the industrial personal computer serial port is connected to the indoor signal processing center 141, the server 143 and the switch 144;
step4, the switch 144 is connected to the ground core network in the ground network end 16 through an optical fiber, and the base station is built.
As shown in fig. 5, the process of controlling the base station is as follows:
step1, judging whether the running state of the Beidou positioning module is available, if yes, executing Step2, and if not, executing Step3;
step2, determining the relative position of the user side and the base station tower 12 through the Beidou positioning module;
step3, the antenna array 122 and the far-end radio frequency module 123 perform azimuth scanning, adaptively track, and determine the relative position with the user end;
step4, combining the relative positions with the user end obtained in Step2 and Step3, and selecting a communication mode according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative positions;
step5, calling the ground core network, the industrial personal computer 142, the server 143, the switch 144, the baseband processing module, the modem module, the power amplifier/low noise amplifier, the far-end radio frequency module 123 and the antenna array 122 to perform interaction based on the communication mode determined in Step4, so as to realize the communication process between the host end and the user end.
The method for carrying out offshore near-remote communication according to three communication modes of microwaves, evaporating waveguides and scattering comprises the following steps:
1. microwave communication mode: assume that a Beidou satellite (i.e., a positioning system, in this embodiment, the Beidou satellite includes a Beidou satellite, a Beidou positioning module in a base station tower 12 and a Beidou positioning client of a user terminal) is available, a shore base station is used as a host terminal, the distance between the user terminal and the host terminal is measured to be 20km, and the antenna heights of the microwave communication devices are all 20m.
Step 1: the host side and the user side determine the relative positions of the two sides through the Beidou positioning module, so that the antenna groups (namely, the antenna array 122 and the far-end radio frequency module 123) are automatically aligned. The distance between the host and the user is calculated, and the communication distance is determined as the line of sight (i.e., the preset distance in the embodiment of the present application) by the following formula.
Step 2: the host end sends a communication handshake signal to the user end, and the user end responds to the host end after receiving the communication handshake signal, thereby establishing a microwave communication link.
2. Evaporation waveguide communication mode: assuming that the Beidou satellite is available, the distance between a measured user end and a host end is 50km, the antenna heights of the evaporation waveguide communication equipment are 5m, the transmitting power is 40dBm, the transmitting antenna gain is 20dBi, the receiving antenna gain is 20dBi, the receiver sensitivity is-110 dBm, the system margin is 5dB, and the system loss is 5dB.
Step 1: the host end and the user end determine the relative positions of the two parties through the Beidou positioning module, so that the antenna groups are automatically aligned. And calculating the distance between the host end and the user end, and determining that the communication distance is beyond the viewing distance according to the following method.
Step 2: the host side calculates the evaporation waveguide distribution between the host side and the user side by using the mesoscale weather forecast data and the evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculates the path loss from the host side to the user side by combining the parabolic square model, as shown in fig. 7, the path loss under the evaporation waveguide environment is about 145dB, and the corresponding communication capability a is determined by the following formula i ：
A i ＝40+20+20-5-5-(-110)＝200
Step 3: the calculation result shows that the communication capacity of the system is larger than the path loss, the current evaporation waveguide environment is suitable for evaporation waveguide communication, the host side sends communication handshake signals to the user side, the user side responds to the host side after receiving the communication handshake signals, and an evaporation waveguide communication link is established.
3. Scattering communication mode: assuming that the Beidou satellite is available, the distance between a user end and a host end is measured to be 50km, the antenna heights of the evaporation waveguide communication equipment are 5m, the transmitting power is 40dBm, the transmitting antenna gain is 30dBi, the receiving antenna gain is 20dBi, the receiver sensitivity is-110 dBm, the system margin is 5dB, and the system loss is 5dB.
Step 1: the host side and the user side determine the relative positions of the two sides through Beidou satellites, so that the antenna groups are automatically aligned. And calculating the distance between the host end and the user end, and determining that the communication distance is beyond the viewing distance according to the following method.
Step 2: the host side calculates the evaporation waveguide distribution between the host side and the user side by using the mesoscale weather forecast data and the evaporation waveguide prediction model, and calculates the path loss from the host side to the user side by combining the parabolic square model, as shown in fig. 8, the path loss is about 204dB, and the corresponding communication capability a is determined by the following formula i ：
A i ＝40+20+20-5-5-(-110)＝200
Step 3: the calculation result shows that the communication capacity of the system is smaller than the path loss, the current evaporation waveguide environment is not suitable for evaporation waveguide communication, the path loss under the scattering condition is 192-198 dB, the system capacity is larger than the path loss under the scattering condition, the host end sends communication handshake signals to the user end, the user end responds to the host end after receiving the communication handshake signals, the frequency of the receiving and transmitting signals is set to be 4GHz, the transmitting power of a transmitter at the user end is adjusted to 50dBm, the receiving and transmitting antenna adopts a parabolic antenna with the gain of 35dBi, the antenna height is 30m, and a scattering communication link is established.
As shown in fig. 6, the offshore near-remote communication method is specifically as follows:
step1, on the base station side, judging whether the operation state of the positioning module is available, if yes, executing Step2 (i.e. Step S1004 in the embodiment of the present application), and if not, executing Step3 (i.e. Step S1006 in the embodiment of the present application);
step2, determining the relative positions of the base station and the user terminal through a positioning module;
step3, scanning through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, and self-adaptively tracking to determine the relative position of the user side;
step4, judging whether the relative position between the mobile terminal and the user terminal is greater than or equal to a preset distance; if yes, executing Step5; if not, executing Step8;
step5, under the condition that the judgment result is yes, judging whether the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state; if yes, executing Step6; if not, step7 is performed.
Wherein, judging whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state comprises: according to meteorological data and a preset evaporation waveguide prediction model, calculating evaporation waveguide distribution between a base station and a user side, and calculating path loss between the base station and the user side by combining a parabolic equation; calculating the communication system capacity of the base station according to the transmitting power, the transmitting antenna gain, the receiving antenna gain, the receiver sensitivity, the system margin and the system loss of the base station; it is determined whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss.
Step6, under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is larger than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal, establishing an evaporation waveguide communication link with the user terminal for communication;
the process of establishing the evaporation waveguide communication link with the user side for communication is as follows: the host end sends communication handshake signals to the user end, and the user end responds to the host end to establish an evaporation waveguide communication link.
Step7, under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is less than or equal to the path loss between the base station and the user terminal, establishing a scattering communication link with the user terminal for communication;
the process of establishing a scattering communication link with the user terminal for communication is as follows: the host end sends communication handshake signals to the user end, and the user end responds to the host end, increases the radiation power of a transmitter, adopts a high-sensitivity receiver, improves the gain of a receiving and transmitting antenna, selects a certain endorsement power amplifier and establishes a scattering communication link.
Step8, if the judgment result is negative, establishing microwave communication with the user terminal to carry out communication.
The process of establishing a microwave communication link with the user terminal for communication is as follows: the host end sends communication handshake signals to the user end, and the user end responds to the host end to establish a microwave communication link.
Step9, judging whether the user terminal moves, if so, executing Step4; if not, the current communication mode is maintained.
The communication system provided by the embodiment of the application constructs an outdoor base station tower and a base station control room by combining microwave communication equipment, scattering communication equipment and evaporation waveguide communication equipment, and adaptively selects a communication mode on the basis of exerting advantages, avoiding disadvantages, saving resources and not interrupting communication of various communication modes, so as to ensure basic communication requirements among offshore near-remote ships and shore bases, ships and ships, island reefs and shore bases and island reefs; the data intercommunication with the ground Internet is realized by connecting an external network end, so that the offshore communication networking is realized, and the gap of the offshore wireless communication is made up; and by judging the distance between the antennas and combining the methods of an evaporation waveguide prediction model, a parabolic equation model, an evaporation waveguide communication auxiliary decision-making technology, a self-adaptive antenna switching technology, an antenna tracking alignment technology and the like, the offshore communication mode is selected in a self-adaptive manner, so that the optimal communication frequency band is utilized to improve the communication rate and select the optimal offshore communication mode while the continuous uninterrupted communication is ensured.
In the embodiment of the invention, a base station tower is connected with a base station control room through a first cable, and the base station control room is connected with a ground network end through a second cable; wherein, the base station tower includes: the antenna comprises a positioning module, an antenna array, a remote radio frequency module, a stand column and a support column; the positioning module is arranged on any side of the top end of the base station tower, the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module are arranged on the upright post, the support post is used for fixing the upright post to be arranged vertically to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower comprises at least three groups of antenna arrays and the far-end radio frequency module. That is, the embodiment of the invention can be used for offshore communication network coverage, offshore communication management, sea-land data interaction, offshore internet access, cross-sea communication, ship communication and the like, and belongs to the technical fields of sea-land information interaction, offshore communication mode integration, communication base station construction, offshore evaporation waveguide, offshore information transmission, beyond-the-horizon communication and the like, so that the technical effect of huge demands of offshore near-remote communication is satisfied.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a communication method, and fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 10, the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to the communication systems shown in fig. 1 to 9, and includes the following steps:
according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a communication method including:
step S1002, judging whether the operation state of the positioning module is normal;
step S1004, under the condition that the judgment result is yes, determining the relative position of the user side through a positioning module, and determining a corresponding communication mode according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user side;
step S1006, under the condition that the judging result is no, scanning is carried out through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, the relative position of the user side is determined through self-adaptive tracking, and a corresponding communication mode is determined according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user side; the communication mode comprises the following steps: scattering communication mode, microwave communication mode, and evaporation waveguide communication mode.
Optionally, determining the corresponding communication mode according to the relative position of the evaporation waveguide state and the user terminal includes: judging whether the relative position between the mobile terminal and the user terminal is greater than or equal to a preset distance; if so, judging whether the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state, and establishing an evaporation waveguide communication link with the user terminal for communication under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal; under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is less than or equal to the path loss between the base station and the user terminal, a scattering communication link is established with the user terminal for communication; if the judgment result is negative, establishing microwave communication with the user terminal for communication; wherein, judging whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state comprises: according to meteorological data and a preset evaporation waveguide prediction model, calculating evaporation waveguide distribution between a base station and a user side, and calculating path loss between the base station and the user side by combining a parabolic equation; calculating the communication system capacity of the base station according to the transmitting power, the transmitting antenna gain, the receiving antenna gain, the receiver sensitivity, the system margin and the system loss of the base station; it is determined whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss.
Further, optionally, the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes: judging whether the user side moves or not; if the judgment result is yes, judging whether the relative position between the mobile terminal and the user terminal is greater than or equal to a preset distance, and matching the corresponding communication mode according to the judgment result; and if the judgment result is negative, maintaining the current communication mode.
Specifically, in combination with step S1002 to step S1006, the specific implementation process of the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application may be as shown in fig. 6, which specifically includes the following steps:
step1, on the base station side, judging whether the operation state of the positioning module is available, if yes, executing Step2 (i.e. Step S1004 in the embodiment of the present application), and if not, executing Step3 (i.e. Step S1006 in the embodiment of the present application);
step2, determining the relative positions of the base station and the user terminal through a positioning module;
step3, scanning through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, and self-adaptively tracking to determine the relative position of the user side;
step4, judging whether the relative position between the mobile terminal and the user terminal is greater than or equal to a preset distance; if yes, executing Step5; if not, executing Step8;
step5, under the condition that the judgment result is yes, judging whether the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state; if yes, executing Step6; if not, step7 is performed.
Wherein, judging whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state comprises: according to meteorological data and a preset evaporation waveguide prediction model, calculating evaporation waveguide distribution between a base station and a user side, and calculating path loss between the base station and the user side by combining a parabolic equation; calculating the communication system capacity of the base station according to the transmitting power, the transmitting antenna gain, the receiving antenna gain, the receiver sensitivity, the system margin and the system loss of the base station; it is determined whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss.
Step6, under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is larger than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal, establishing an evaporation waveguide communication link with the user terminal for communication;
the process of establishing the evaporation waveguide communication link with the user side for communication is as follows: the host end sends communication handshake signals to the user end, and the user end responds to the host end to establish an evaporation waveguide communication link.
Step7, under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is less than or equal to the path loss between the base station and the user terminal, establishing a scattering communication link with the user terminal for communication;
the process of establishing a scattering communication link with the user terminal for communication is as follows: the host end sends communication handshake signals to the user end, and the user end responds to the host end, increases the radiation power of a transmitter, adopts a high-sensitivity receiver, improves the gain of a receiving and transmitting antenna, selects a certain endorsement power amplifier and establishes a scattering communication link.
Step8, if the judgment result is negative, establishing microwave communication with the user terminal to carry out communication.
The process of establishing a microwave communication link with the user terminal for communication is as follows: the host end sends communication handshake signals to the user end, and the user end responds to the host end to establish a microwave communication link.
Step9, judging whether the user terminal moves, if so, executing Step4; if not, the current communication mode is maintained.
In the embodiment of the invention, whether the running state of the positioning module is normal or not is judged; if the judgment result is yes, determining the relative position of the user end through the positioning module, and determining a corresponding communication mode according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user end; under the condition that the judgment result is negative, scanning is carried out through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, the relative position of the user end is determined through self-adaptive tracking, and a corresponding communication mode is determined according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user end; the communication mode comprises the following steps: scattering communication mode, microwave communication mode, and evaporation waveguide communication mode. That is, the embodiment of the invention can be used for offshore communication network coverage, offshore communication management, sea-land data interaction, offshore internet access, cross-sea communication, ship communication and the like, and belongs to the technical fields of sea-land information interaction, offshore communication mode integration, communication base station construction, offshore evaporation waveguide, offshore information transmission, beyond-the-horizon communication and the like, so that the technical effect of huge demands of offshore near-remote communication is satisfied.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of communication, comprising:
judging whether the operation state of the positioning module is normal;
if the judgment result is yes, determining the relative position of the user side through the positioning module, and determining a corresponding communication mode according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user side;
under the condition that the judgment result is negative, scanning is carried out through the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module, the relative position of the user side is determined through self-adaptive tracking, and a corresponding communication mode is determined according to the evaporation waveguide state and the relative position of the user side;
wherein, the communication mode includes: a scattering communication mode, a microwave communication mode and an evaporation waveguide communication mode;
the communication method adopts a communication system, and the communication system comprises:
base station tower, base station control room and ground network end, in which,
the base station tower is connected with the base station control room through a first cable, and the base station control room is connected with the ground network end through a second cable;
wherein, the base station tower includes: the positioning module, the antenna array, the remote radio frequency module, the stand column and the support column; the positioning module is arranged on any side of the top end of the base station tower, the antenna array and the remote radio frequency module are arranged on the stand column, the support column is used for fixing the stand column to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the base station tower comprises at least three groups of antenna arrays and the remote radio frequency module.
2. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the corresponding communication mode according to the relative position of the evaporation waveguide state and the user terminal includes: judging whether the relative position between the mobile terminal and the user terminal is greater than or equal to a preset distance;
if so, judging whether the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the meteorological data and the evaporation waveguide state, and establishing an evaporation waveguide communication link with the user terminal for communication under the condition that the capacity of the communication system is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal; under the condition that the communication system capacity is smaller than or equal to the path loss between the base station and the user terminal, a scattering communication link is established with the user terminal for communication;
if the judgment result is negative, establishing microwave communication with the user terminal for communication;
wherein the determining whether the communication system capacity is greater than the path loss between the base station and the user terminal according to the weather data and the evaporation waveguide state comprises: according to meteorological data and a preset evaporation waveguide prediction model, calculating evaporation waveguide distribution between the base station and the user side, and calculating path loss between the base station and the user side by combining a parabolic equation; calculating the communication system capacity of the base station according to the transmitting power, the transmitting antenna gain, the receiving antenna gain, the receiver sensitivity, the system margin and the system loss of the base station; determining whether the communication system capability is greater than the path loss.
3. The communication method according to claim 2, characterized in that the method further comprises: judging whether the user side moves or not;
if the judgment result is yes, judging whether the relative position between the mobile terminal and the user terminal is greater than or equal to a preset distance, and matching the corresponding communication mode according to the judgment result;
and if the judgment result is negative, maintaining the current communication mode.
4. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the antenna array forms a predetermined angle with a horizontal plane, and wherein the antenna array comprises: parabolic antennas and/or plate antenna elements.
5. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the remote radio frequency module comprises: the system comprises a frequency conversion processor, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier and a special radio frequency wire.
6. The communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of at least three sets of the antenna array and the remote radio frequency module is composed of one of the antenna array and the remote radio frequency module.
7. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the base station tower further comprises: and the lightning receiver is positioned at the top end of the base station tower and is used for lightning protection and grounding protection of the base station tower.
8. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the base station control room comprises: indoor signal processing center, industrial computer, server and switch, wherein, indoor signal processing center's one end with the basic station tower is connected, indoor signal processing center's the other end with the one end of industrial computer is connected, indoor signal processing center includes: the indoor signal processing center also comprises: a scattering communication signal interface, a microwave communication signal interface and an evaporation waveguide communication signal interface;
the other end of the industrial personal computer is connected with one end of the server and is used for controlling the antenna array and the far-end radio frequency module to search signals and adaptively selecting a corresponding communication mode according to the distance between the user end and the base station and the evaporation waveguide distribution;
the other end of the server is connected with one end of the switch and is used for transferring user data and system logs;
the other end of the switch is connected with the ground network end and is used for transmitting signals to the ground network end through a network port or returning the signals of the ground network end to the server.
9. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the ground network side includes: and the ground core network is used for connecting the base station and the Internet.
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