CN113670378A - Long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and a monitoring method, which comprise an offshore platform and a shore-based platform. The automatic winch is used for controlling the air boat to lift to control the change of the measurement height, meteorological data at the same position and different heights on the sea are obtained, the data are transmitted to the shore-based terminal in real time, and the long-term measurement of the real value of the high-precision low-altitude evaporation waveguide profile is achieved. The evaporation waveguide real-time monitoring module is added to monitor the evaporation waveguide channel state in real time, judge the evaporation waveguide communication feasibility and carry out assimilation verification with the data for detecting the evaporation waveguide channel real-time measurement. The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measuring and channel monitoring system provided by the invention is simple and easy to install, convenient and fast to collect and release, high in measuring precision and real and effective in measuring result, can be distributed in key sea areas of China for a long time, and realizes the real-time measurement of the evaporation waveguide profile and the real-time continuous monitoring of the evaporation waveguide channel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of offshore surface evaporation waveguide, offshore atmosphere, marine physics and the like, and relates to a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and a monitoring method. The system comprises an offshore platform and a shore-based platform. The offshore platform adopts a low-altitude helium boat to carry a high-precision meteorological measurement sensor and an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, realizes meteorological data measurement and real-time signal level receiving and transmitting by combining an industrial personal computer, an automatic winch, an infrared temperature sensor, a rain gauge and the like, and transmits data back to the shore-based platform through 4G communication or a Beidou module; and after receiving the return data, the shore-based platform obtains an evaporation waveguide section at the measuring position through computer analysis, receives and sends a signal level through the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device to monitor the state of the evaporation waveguide channel, verifies the accuracy of the evaporation waveguide section measurement data, and realizes the measurement of the real value of the evaporation waveguide section in real time for a long time and the monitoring of the offshore evaporation waveguide channel. The method can be used for calibration of evaporation waveguide-related models, data comparison, inversion optimization, scientific research exploration and the like.
Background
Evaporative waveguiding is a common marine atmospheric waveguiding phenomenon that often occurs in convective layers, and results from interactions between atmospheric factors such as temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. Due to the evaporation of seawater, the interaction of seawater and vapor occurs on the sea surface, the vapor is continuously diffused, the atmospheric refractive index in the atmospheric environment is continuously reduced along with the increase of the diffusion height, when the atmospheric refractive index reaches a certain height, the phenomenon that the refractive index is smaller than the curvature of the earth sea surface occurs, and the electromagnetic wave is trapped in the layer, so that the over-the-horizon transmission is realized.
At present, the acquisition method of the evaporation waveguide section mainly comprises a direct measurement method, a prediction model method and an inversion method. The prior direct measurement method has certain defects, such as: high-precision sensors need to be arranged at a plurality of height positions of the fixed-height sounding balloon, so that the measurement cost is high and the fixed-height sounding balloon is not easy to recover; the instantaneous change of marine meteorological data is often caused by carrying a helicopter, an air sounding boat or a disposable rocket, the low-altitude measurement data is less, the measurement precision is low, the cost is high or the long-term reciprocating measurement requirement of the low-altitude evaporation waveguide profile cannot be met. The algorithm adopted by the prediction model method is an empirical formula mostly from ocean experiments, and further evaluation and research are urgently needed for the applicability and the accuracy of the prediction model method in the whole sea area. The inversion method needs electromagnetic wave propagation measurement data to calculate, evaporation waveguide links are often long in distance, evaporation waveguides have the characteristic of horizontal unevenness, uncertainty factors among the electromagnetic wave propagation links are increased, related researches and reports on evaporation waveguide channel monitoring are few, monitoring means are single, and inversion optimization of the evaporation waveguides is not facilitated. Therefore, there is a need for a low-cost, recyclable and reusable evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system with high accuracy.
The existing evaporation waveguide section acquisition method has certain defects, so that the offshore high-precision evaporation waveguide real section cannot be stably acquired for a long time, and the actual requirements of evaporation waveguide channel monitoring in the aspects of prediction model calibration, monitoring link data comparison, inversion model optimization and the like of the evaporation waveguide are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and a monitoring method
Technical scheme
A long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system is characterized by comprising an offshore platform and a shore-based platform; the offshore platform comprises an industrial personal computer and a carrier, wherein the industrial personal computer comprises a power module, a measurement module, a data transmission module and a control module; the power module comprises a helium boat, a cable and a winch; the measuring module comprises an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, a temperature and humidity pressure measuring device, an infrared thermometer, a wind speed and direction sensor and a rain gauge; the carrier is positioned on the sea surface, the carrier is provided with an industrial personal computer, a power supply module, a data transmission module, a winch, an infrared thermometer, a rain gauge and an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, the helium boat is provided with a temperature and humidity pressure measuring device, the helium boat floats in the air and is connected with the winch on the fixed carrier through a cable, and the cable is provided with a wind speed and direction sensor; the shore-based platform comprises a data transmission module, an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device of a measurement module and a shore-based computer of a control module; the signal connection relation is as follows: the data of the offshore platform measuring module is transmitted to the industrial personal computer and then transmitted to the shore-based platform through the data transmission module, the data transmission module of the shore-based platform receives the data and transmits the data to the shore-based computer, and the computer also receives the data of the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device of the shore-based platform; the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the shore-based platform transmits level signals with different frequencies, and the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the offshore platform monitors the channel state of the evaporation waveguide by receiving the level signals.
The data transmission module comprises a Beidou module or a 4G data transmission device.
The evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the offshore platform is independently placed at the position with the carrier height of 3-15 m, and the periphery of the evaporation waveguide monitoring device is ensured to be free of shielding.
The evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the shore-based platform transmits level signals with different frequencies, and the evaporation waveguide communication devices of different offshore platforms are distinguished by a time-sharing frequency-staggering method.
The carrier includes but is not limited to ships, unmanned boats, wave gliders, lighthouses, oil platforms, buoys, islands, etc., and the measuring point can be selected from any sea area.
A plurality of monitoring networks are formed by the offshore platform and the shore-based platform, wherein at least one shore-based platform is used as a master control platform.
A measuring and monitoring method using the long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measuring and channel monitoring system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: mounting the offshore platform on a measurement carrier, and integrally reaching a measurement position with the measurement carrier;
step 2: the industrial personal computer starts to receive data and judges whether meteorological conditions are suitable for real-time measurement and channel monitoring of the evaporation waveguide:
comparing real-time data of the wind speed and wind direction sensor and the rainfall gauge with preset parameters of an industrial personal computer, commanding the cable car to rotate to recycle the helium boat if the real-time wind speed or the rainfall is greater than the maximum preset value of the industrial personal computer, then closing related power supplies of a temperature and humidity pressure measuring device and an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device in the power module, the data transmission module and the measuring module, and enabling the industrial personal computer to enter a standby state; if the wind speed and the rainfall are both reduced below the preset values, measuring and monitoring the evaporation waveguide;
and step 3: the industrial personal computer controls the winch to enable the helium boat to continuously rise to a preset height, then slowly and reversely rotate to descend to the preset height, and the steps are repeated, and meteorological data at the same position and different heights are collected;
the shortest time for the winch to drive the helium balloon to rise from the lowest point to the highest point is defined as a half cycle of the rotation of the winch, and data collected in one cycle is packed into a data packet; the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device continuously receives signal level at a preset height and monitors the channel state; the helium airship enables the wind speed and direction sensor to be always positioned on the windward side through control of the rotating ring. Meanwhile, the infrared thermometer is aligned to the sea surface to measure the temperature of the sea surface in real time; measuring real-time rainfall by a rain gauge;
and 4, step 4: the cable of the offshore platform transmits the collected temperature, humidity and pressure, sea surface temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction and evaporation waveguide channel monitoring data to the industrial personal computer, and then transmits the data to the shore-based receiving end through the data transmission module;
and 5: the shore-based data transmission module transmits the received offshore platform data and the shore-based evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device data to a shore-based computer;
step 6: the shore-based computer calculates the altitude and the atmospheric refractive index using the following five formulas:
z＝44300(1-(p/p0)(1/5.256))
e＝f*E
wherein z is the altitude of the temperature, humidity and pressure sensor position, p0Is standard atmospheric pressure 1013.25hPa, p is the pressure at z, N is the atmospheric refractive index, T is the air temperature at z, in units of K, E is the water vapor pressure at z, f is the relative humidity at z, E is the saturated water vapor pressure, T is the air temperature at z, in units of ℃; m is the atmospheric modified refractive index, R is the earth's mean radius in M;
and 7: performing polynomial fitting on the measured data of each 6 data packets to obtain a low-altitude atmosphere modified refractive index profile, namely an evaporation waveguide profile, and taking the altitude at the lowest value of the profile M as the evaporation waveguide height of a measuring point;
and 8: and (3) calculating the path loss of the monitoring link between the measurement points by using a parabolic equation model, comparing and verifying the obtained result with the monitoring data obtained by the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, and checking the running state of each module if the absolute value of the difference between the simulation result and the monitoring result exceeds 5dB or the integral change trend of 6 data packets is inconsistent, and returning to the step 2.
The meteorological data measured by the temperature and humidity pressure sensor comprise temperature, relative humidity and air pressure; temperature parameter measurement range: -90 ℃ to +60 ℃, resolution: 0.01 ℃, response time: within 1 s; relative humidity parameter measurement range: 0-100% RH, resolution: 0.1% RH, response time: within 0.3 s; air pressure parameter measurement range: 1-1100 hPa, resolution: 0.01hPa, response time: 0.2 ms.
The wind speed and direction sensor measuring range is as follows: maximum measurement speed: 50m/s, wind direction measurement range: 0-360 DEG, resolution: the wind speed is 0.01m/s, and the wind direction is 0.01 degrees; rain gauge measurement range: 0-100 mm/h, resolution: 0.5 mm/h.
Advantageous effects
According to the long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and method, the automatic winch is used for controlling the air boat to lift to control the change of the measurement height, meteorological data at the same position and different heights on the sea are obtained, the data are transmitted to the shore-based terminal in real time, and long-term measurement of the real value of the high-precision low-altitude evaporation waveguide profile is achieved. The evaporation waveguide real-time monitoring module is added to monitor the evaporation waveguide channel state in real time, judge the evaporation waveguide communication feasibility and carry out assimilation verification with the data for detecting the evaporation waveguide channel real-time measurement. The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measuring and channel monitoring system provided by the invention is simple and easy to install, convenient and fast to collect and release, high in measuring precision and real and effective in measuring result, can be distributed in key sea areas of China for a long time, and realizes the real-time measurement of the evaporation waveguide profile and the real-time continuous monitoring of the evaporation waveguide channel.
The invention discloses a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system. The system can be used repeatedly, can measure the real values of the sections of the evaporation waveguides at any positions on the sea in real time for a long time, adopts the evaporation waveguide real-time monitoring module to monitor the channel state of the evaporation waveguides in real time, provides basis for judging the communication feasibility of the evaporation waveguides, and can perform assimilation verification with the data measured by the evaporation waveguide channels in real time. The method is suitable for the aspects of evaporation waveguide profile measurement, evaporation waveguide monitoring experiment data comparison test, evaporation waveguide communication feasibility prediction and the like, and has the advantages of low cost, easiness in assembly, convenience in carrying, easiness in distribution and recovery, accuracy in measurement and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram of long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system control
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a long-term real-time evaporative waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a long-term real-time evaporative waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system
FIG. 6 is a fitted evaporative waveguide profile
FIG. 7 shows the path loss calculated by combining experimental data with a parabolic equation model
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system is characterized by being divided into an offshore platform and a shore-based platform. The offshore platform consists of a power supply module, a power module, a measurement module, a data transmission module and a control module. The power module comprises a battery pack and a carrier power supply, the power module comprises a helium boat, a cable and an automatic winch, the measuring module comprises an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, a temperature and humidity pressure measuring device, an infrared thermometer, a wind speed and direction sensor and a rain gauge, the data transmission module comprises a Beidou or 4G data transmission device, and the control module comprises an industrial personal computer; the shore-based platform consists of a data transmission module, a measurement module and a control module. Wherein, data transmission module includes big dipper module or 4G data transmission device, and measurement module includes evaporation waveguide channel monitoring devices, and control module includes the bank base computer. The specific measurement and monitoring steps are as follows:
step 1: an offshore platform of the long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system is installed on a measurement carrier, and the measurement carrier reaches a measurement position.
Step 2: and starting an industrial personal computer of the offshore platform, and judging whether the meteorological conditions are suitable for carrying out real-time measurement and channel monitoring on the evaporation waveguide. And comparing and judging real-time data of the wind speed and wind direction sensor and the rainfall gauge through preset parameters of an industrial personal computer, commanding the cable car to rotate to recover the helium boat if the real-time wind speed or the rainfall is greater than the maximum preset value of the industrial personal computer, then closing related power supplies of the power module, the data transmission module and the measurement module medium-temperature and wet-pressure measurement device and the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, enabling the industrial personal computer to enter a standby state, and restarting the system again to measure and monitor the evaporation waveguide after the wind speed and the rainfall are all reduced to be below the preset values.
And step 3: the industrial personal computer of the offshore platform controls the winch to slowly rotate at a constant speed to enable the helium boat to continuously rise to a certain height, then slowly rotate in the reverse direction, the steps are repeated, meteorological data at the same position and different heights are collected, the rotating speed of the winch is set, the shortest time for the winch to drive the helium balloon to rise from the lowest point to the highest point is defined as a half cycle of rotation of the winch, and the data collected in one cycle are packaged into a data packet; the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device continuously receives signal level at a certain height and monitors the channel state. The helium airship enables the wind speed and direction sensor to be always positioned on the windward side through control of the rotating ring. Meanwhile, the infrared thermometer is aligned to the sea surface to measure the temperature of the sea surface in real time; the rain gauge measures the real-time precipitation.
And 4, step 4: the cable of the offshore platform transmits the collected temperature, humidity and pressure, sea surface temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction and evaporation waveguide channel monitoring data to the industrial personal computer, and then transmits the data to the shore-based receiving end through the data transmission module.
And 5: and the shore-based data transmission module transmits the received offshore platform data and the shore-based evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device data to a shore-based computer.
Step 6: the shore-based computer calculates the altitude and the atmospheric refractive index using the following five formulas:
z＝44300(1-(p/p0)(1/5.256)) (1)
e＝f*E (2)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,z is the altitude, p, of the temperature and humidity pressure sensor location0Is standard atmospheric pressure 1013.25hPa, p is the pressure at z, N is the atmospheric refractive index, T is the air temperature at z, in units of K, E is the water vapor pressure at z, f is the relative humidity at z, E is the saturated water vapor pressure, T is the air temperature at z, in units of ℃; m is the atmospheric modified index of refraction and R is the earth's mean radius in M.
And 7: and performing polynomial fitting on the measured data of each 6 data packets to obtain a low-altitude atmosphere corrected refractive index profile, namely an evaporation waveguide profile, and taking the altitude at the lowest value of the profile M as the evaporation waveguide height of the measuring point.
And 8: and (3) calculating the path loss of the monitoring link between the measurement points by using a parabolic equation model, comparing and verifying the obtained result with the monitoring data obtained by the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, and checking the running state of each module if the absolute value of the difference between the simulation result and the monitoring result exceeds 5dB or the integral change trend of 6 data packets is inconsistent, and returning to the step 2.
The evaporation waveguide monitoring device comprises a communication baseband mainboard, a variable frequency transceiver and an omnidirectional antenna. An evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the offshore platform is independently arranged at a higher position of a carrier, so that the periphery of the evaporation waveguide monitoring device is ensured to be free from shielding, and the evaporation waveguide channel state is monitored by receiving a level signal with fixed frequency; the power can be supplied by two modes of a carrier power supply and a battery pack, and the battery pack can continuously work for more than 24 hours without depending on the transmission and receiving of signals of the carrier power supply. The height of the device is 3-15 m. The evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the shore-based platform is mainly responsible for transmitting level signals with different frequencies, and the evaporation waveguide communication devices of different offshore platforms are distinguished by a time-sharing frequency-staggering method.
The measuring carrier comprises but is not limited to ships, unmanned boats, wave gliders, lighthouses, oil platforms, buoys, islands and the like, and the measuring points can be selected from any sea area.
The maximum rising height of the helium airship is controlled to be 80-100 meters through the rotating speed of the automatic winch and the length of the cable.
The meteorological data measured by the temperature and humidity pressure sensor comprise temperature, relative humidity and air pressure. Temperature parameter measurement range: -90 ℃ to +60 ℃, resolution: 0.01 ℃, response time: within 1 s; relative humidity parameter measurement range: 0-100% RH, resolution: 0.1% RH, response time: within 0.3 s; air pressure parameter measurement range: 1-1100 hPa, resolution: 0.01hPa, response time: 0.2 ms.
The wind speed and direction sensor measuring range is as follows: maximum measurement speed: 50m/s, wind direction measurement range: 0-360 DEG, resolution: the wind speed is 0.01m/s, and the wind direction is 0.01 degrees; rain gauge measurement range: 0-100 mm/h, resolution: 0.5 mm/h.
The cable consists of a power supply line and a cable, wherein the power supply line is used for supplying power to the electric appliance, and the cable is mainly used for bearing tension.
The shore-based platform evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device does not need to consider the requirements of the model and the size of equipment on the installation environment when the shore-based platform evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device is erected on the shore base, so that the shore-based platform evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device has larger signal transmitting power and uses a high-gain antenna and the like, wherein a directional antenna or a wide beam sector antenna and the like can be selected by an antenna part according to the actual laying requirements, and the erection height of the antenna is preferably about 3 m.
A plurality of offshore platforms and shore-based platforms can be arranged to form a monitoring network, wherein at least one shore-based platform is used as a master control platform.
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, assuming that it is now necessary to measure and monitor the evaporation waveguide profile at the "offshore 1" (21.01 ° N, 111.0535 ° E) position in fig. 1 for a long period of time, and to use "shore 1" (21.01 ° N, 110.5357 ° E) as the other end of the monitoring link.
Step 1: selecting an unmanned ship as a system carrier at the position of 'sea 1', installing a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system according to a flow chart shown in figure 2, adopting a ship-borne power supply in a power supply mode, setting the maximum measurement height to be 100m, setting the measured sea surface wind speed to be 4m/s, and setting the rain gauge reading to be 0 mm/h. The maximum wind speed preset value of the industrial personal computer is 15m/s, and the reading value of the maximum rain gauge is 3 mm/h.
Step 2: and starting an industrial personal computer of the offshore platform, judging that the current rainfall and wind speed are suitable for evaporation waveguide measurement and channel monitoring, and starting a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system according to a flow chart shown in figure 3.
And step 3: the industrial personal computer of the offshore platform controls the winch to slowly rotate at a constant speed to enable the helium boat to continuously rise to a certain height, then slowly rotate in the reverse direction, the steps are repeated, meteorological data at the same position and different heights are collected, the rotation speed of the winch is set to enable the winch to rotate for one period every 5 minutes, and the collected data in one period are packaged into one data packet; the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device continuously receives and transmits signal level at a certain height to monitor the channel state. The helium airship controls the wind speed and direction sensor through the swivel to enable the helium airship to be always positioned on the windward side. Meanwhile, the infrared thermometer is aligned to the sea surface to measure the temperature of the sea surface in real time; the rain gauge measures the real-time precipitation.
And 4, step 4: the cable of the offshore platform transmits the collected temperature, humidity and pressure, sea surface temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction and channel monitoring data to the industrial personal computer, and then transmits the data to the shore-based receiving end through the data transmission module.
And 5: and the shore-based data transmission module transmits the received offshore platform data and the shore-based evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device data to a shore-based computer.
Step 6: and calculating the atmospheric correction refractive index and the altitude of the temperature and humidity pressure sensor by the shore-based computer. The data received by the temperature and humidity pressure sensor is as follows: p 1013hPa, T300.75K, and f 75%, the atmospheric corrected refractive index at the initial position is calculated as: m is 376.0368, and the height Z of the temperature and humidity pressure sensor is 2.0798M. The above calculation steps are repeated until all data measured within one hour are calculated.
And 7: after data of the temperature and humidity pressure sensor with the height larger than 100 meters are removed, atmosphere correction refractive index drawing is carried out by using the remaining data, and a section of the evaporation waveguide is obtained by applying polynomial fitting data, as shown in fig. 6, so that 16.1068 meters of the evaporation waveguide height is obtained.
And 8: the signal frequency of the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device is set to be 9GHz, the antenna height of the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device in the offshore platform is set to be 3m, the monitored evaporation waveguide path loss is 172.8dB, FIG. 7 shows that the path loss of a monitoring link between measurement points is calculated by using a parabolic equation model, the path loss obtained through simulation calculation is 170.2dB, the absolute value difference between the simulation result and the monitoring result is 2.6dB, the system is indicated to operate normally, and the real-time measurement and channel monitoring of the evaporation waveguide are continuously carried out.
Claims (9)
1. A long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system is characterized by comprising an offshore platform and a shore-based platform; the offshore platform comprises an industrial personal computer and a carrier, wherein the industrial personal computer comprises a power module, a measurement module, a data transmission module and a control module; the power module comprises a helium boat, a cable and a winch; the measuring module comprises an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, a temperature and humidity pressure measuring device, an infrared thermometer, a wind speed and direction sensor and a rain gauge; the carrier is positioned on the sea surface, the carrier is provided with an industrial personal computer, a power supply module, a data transmission module, a winch, an infrared thermometer, a rain gauge and an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, the helium boat is provided with a temperature and humidity pressure measuring device, the helium boat floats in the air and is connected with the winch on the fixed carrier through a cable, and the cable is provided with a wind speed and direction sensor; the shore-based platform comprises a data transmission module, an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device of a measurement module and a shore-based computer of a control module; the signal connection relation is as follows: the data of the offshore platform measuring module is transmitted to the industrial personal computer and then transmitted to the shore-based platform through the data transmission module, the data transmission module of the shore-based platform receives the data and transmits the data to the shore-based computer, and the computer also receives the data of the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device of the shore-based platform; the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the shore-based platform transmits level signals with different frequencies, and the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the offshore platform monitors the channel state of the evaporation waveguide by receiving the level signals.
2. The long term real time evaporative waveguide profiling and channel monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the data transmission module comprises a Beidou module or a 4G data transmission device.
3. The long term real time evaporative waveguide profiling and channel monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the offshore platform is independently placed at the position with the carrier height of 3-15 m, and the periphery of the evaporation waveguide monitoring device is ensured to be free of shielding.
4. The long term real time evaporative waveguide profiling and channel monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the shore-based platform transmits level signals with different frequencies, and the evaporation waveguide communication devices of different offshore platforms are distinguished by a time-sharing frequency-staggering method.
5. The long term real time evaporative waveguide profiling and channel monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the carrier includes but is not limited to ships, unmanned boats, wave gliders, lighthouses, oil platforms, buoys, islands, etc., and the measuring point can be selected from any sea area.
6. The long term real time evaporative waveguide profiling and channel monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of monitoring networks are formed by the offshore platform and the shore-based platform, wherein at least one shore-based platform is used as a master control platform.
7. A measurement and monitoring method using the long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the steps of:
step 1: mounting the offshore platform on a measurement carrier, and integrally reaching a measurement position with the measurement carrier;
step 2: the industrial personal computer starts to receive data and judges whether meteorological conditions are suitable for real-time measurement and channel monitoring of the evaporation waveguide:
comparing real-time data of the wind speed and wind direction sensor and the rainfall gauge with preset parameters of an industrial personal computer, commanding the cable car to rotate to recycle the helium boat if the real-time wind speed or the rainfall is greater than the maximum preset value of the industrial personal computer, then closing related power supplies of a temperature and humidity pressure measuring device and an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device in the power module, the data transmission module and the measuring module, and enabling the industrial personal computer to enter a standby state; if the wind speed and the rainfall are both reduced below the preset values, measuring and monitoring the evaporation waveguide;
and step 3: the industrial personal computer controls the winch to enable the helium boat to continuously rise to a preset height, then slowly and reversely rotate to descend to the preset height, and the steps are repeated, and meteorological data at the same position and different heights are collected;
the shortest time for the winch to drive the helium balloon to rise from the lowest point to the highest point is defined as a half cycle of the rotation of the winch, and data collected in one cycle is packed into a data packet; the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device continuously receives signal level at a preset height and monitors the channel state; the helium airship enables the wind speed and direction sensor to be always positioned on the windward side through control of the rotating ring. Meanwhile, the infrared thermometer is aligned to the sea surface to measure the temperature of the sea surface in real time; measuring real-time rainfall by a rain gauge;
and 4, step 4: the cable of the offshore platform transmits the collected temperature, humidity and pressure, sea surface temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction and evaporation waveguide channel monitoring data to the industrial personal computer, and then transmits the data to the shore-based receiving end through the data transmission module;
and 5: the shore-based data transmission module transmits the received offshore platform data and the shore-based evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device data to a shore-based computer;
step 6: the shore-based computer calculates the altitude and the atmospheric refractive index using the following five formulas:
z＝44300(1-(p/p0)(1/5.256))
e＝f*E
wherein z is the altitude of the temperature, humidity and pressure sensor position, p0Is standard atmospheric pressure 1013.25hPa, p is the pressure at z, N is the atmospheric refractive index, T is the air temperature at z, in units of K, E is the water vapor pressure at z, f is the relative humidity at z, E is the saturated water vapor pressure, T is the air temperature at z, in units of ℃; m is the atmospheric modified refractive index, R is the earth's mean radius in M;
and 7: performing polynomial fitting on the measured data of each 6 data packets to obtain a low-altitude atmosphere modified refractive index profile, namely an evaporation waveguide profile, and taking the altitude at the lowest value of the profile M as the evaporation waveguide height of a measuring point;
and 8: and (3) calculating the path loss of the monitoring link between the measurement points by using a parabolic equation model, comparing and verifying the obtained result with the monitoring data obtained by the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, and checking the running state of each module if the absolute value of the difference between the simulation result and the monitoring result exceeds 5dB or the integral change trend of 6 data packets is inconsistent, and returning to the step 2.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the meteorological data measured by the temperature and humidity pressure sensor comprise temperature, relative humidity and air pressure; temperature parameter measurement range: -90 ℃ to +60 ℃, resolution: 0.01 ℃, response time: within 1 s; relative humidity parameter measurement range: 0-100% RH, resolution: 0.1% RH, response time: within 0.3 s; air pressure parameter measurement range: 1-1100 hPa, resolution: 0.01hPa, response time: 0.2 ms.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein: the wind speed and direction sensor measuring range is as follows: maximum measurement speed: 50m/s, wind direction measurement range: 0-360 DEG, resolution: the wind speed is 0.01m/s, and the wind direction is 0.01 degrees; rain gauge measurement range: 0-100 mm/h, resolution: 0.5 mm/h.
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