CN113670378B - Long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113670378B CN113670378B CN202110910360.5A CN202110910360A CN113670378B CN 113670378 B CN113670378 B CN 113670378B CN 202110910360 A CN202110910360 A CN 202110910360A CN 113670378 B CN113670378 B CN 113670378B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and a monitoring method, comprising an offshore platform and a shore-based platform. The change of the height is measured by controlling the lifting control of the airship through the automatic winch, so that meteorological data at the same position and different heights on the sea are obtained, the data are transmitted to the shore-based terminal in real time, and the long-term measurement of the real value of the section of the high-precision low-altitude evaporation waveguide is realized. The evaporation waveguide real-time monitoring module is added to monitor the state of the evaporation waveguide channel in real time, judge the communication feasibility of the evaporation waveguide, and assimilate and verify the data measured in real time by checking the evaporation waveguide channel. The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple installation, convenient collection and release, high measurement precision, real and effective measurement results, and can be laid in key sea areas in China for a long time, thereby realizing the real-time measurement of the evaporation waveguide profile and the real-time continuous monitoring of the evaporation waveguide channel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of offshore evaporation waveguides, offshore atmosphere, ocean physics and the like, and relates to a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and a monitoring method. The system comprises an offshore platform and a shore-based platform. The offshore platform adopts a low-altitude helium boat to carry a high-precision meteorological measurement sensor and an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, realizes meteorological data measurement and real-time signal level receiving and transmitting by combining an industrial personal computer, an automatic winch, an infrared temperature sensor, a rain gauge and the like, and transmits the data back to the shore-based platform through a 4G communication or Beidou module; the shore-based platform receives the returned data, obtains the evaporation waveguide section at the measuring position through computer analysis, monitors the state of the evaporation waveguide channel through the signal receiving and transmitting level of the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, verifies the accuracy of the measurement data of the evaporation waveguide section, and realizes the measurement of the real value of the evaporation waveguide section and the monitoring of the evaporation waveguide channel at sea in real time for a long time. The method can be used for the aspects of model calibration, data comparison, inversion optimization, scientific research and exploration and the like related to the evaporation waveguide.
Background
Evaporation waveguides are a relatively common phenomenon of marine atmospheric waveguides often found in convection layers, which arises from interactions between meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. in the atmosphere. Due to the evaporation of seawater, the interaction of the vapor phase occurs on the sea surface, the vapor is continuously diffused, the refractive index of the atmosphere in the atmosphere environment is continuously reduced along with the increase of the diffusion height, and when the atmosphere reaches a certain height, the phenomenon that the refractive index is smaller than the curvature of the sea surface of the earth occurs, and the electromagnetic wave is trapped in the layer surface, so that the beyond-the-horizon propagation is realized.
At present, the acquisition method of the evaporation waveguide section is mainly a direct measurement method, a prediction model method and an inversion method. The direct measurement method adopted in the past has certain defects, such as: the fixed-height sounding balloon needs to be provided with high-precision sensors at a plurality of height positions, so that the measurement cost is high and the sounding balloon is not easy to recycle; the helicopter, the sounding boat or the disposable rocket can often cause instantaneous change of marine meteorological data, and the low-altitude measurement data is few, the measurement precision is low, the cost is high or the long-term reciprocating measurement requirement of the low-altitude evaporation waveguide section can not be met. The algorithm adopted by the prediction model method is an empirical formula mostly from ocean experiments, and further evaluation and research are needed in the applicability and accuracy of the whole sea area. According to the inversion method, electromagnetic wave propagation measurement data are needed to calculate, the evaporation waveguide links are often long in distance and the evaporation waveguide has the characteristic of horizontal non-uniformity, uncertainty factors among the electromagnetic wave propagation links are increased, relevant research and reports of evaporation waveguide channel monitoring are fewer, monitoring means are single, and inversion optimization of the evaporation waveguide is not facilitated. Therefore, there is a need for a low cost, recyclable and highly accurate evaporative waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system.
The existing method for acquiring the section of the evaporation waveguide has certain defects, so that the real section of the evaporation waveguide with high precision on the sea cannot be stably acquired for a long time, and the actual requirements of the evaporation waveguide on the aspects of prediction model calibration, monitoring link data comparison, inversion model optimization and the like and evaporation waveguide channel monitoring are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and a monitoring method
Technical proposal
The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system is characterized by comprising an offshore platform and a shore-based platform; the offshore platform comprises a power module, a measuring module, a data transmission module, an industrial personal computer of a control module and a carrier; the power module comprises a helium boat, a cable and a winch; the measuring module comprises an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, a temperature, humidity and pressure measuring device, an infrared thermometer, a wind speed and direction sensor and a rain gauge; the carrier is positioned on the sea surface, the carrier is provided with an industrial personal computer, a power module, a data transmission module, a winch, an infrared thermometer, a rain gauge and an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, the helium boat is provided with a temperature-humidity-pressure measuring device, the helium boat floats in the air and is connected with the winch on the fixed carrier through a cable, and the cable is provided with a wind speed and wind direction sensor; the shore-based platform comprises a data transmission module, an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device of a measurement module and a shore-based computer of a control module; the signal connection relation is as follows: the data of the offshore platform measurement module is transmitted to the industrial personal computer and then transmitted to the shore-based platform through the data transmission module, the data transmission module of the shore-based platform receives the data and transmits the data to the shore-based computer, and the computer also receives the data of the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device of the shore-based platform; the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the shore-based platform transmits level signals with different frequencies, and the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the offshore platform monitors the channel state of the evaporation waveguide by receiving the level signals.
The data transmission module comprises a Beidou module or a 4G data transmission device.
The evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the offshore platform is independently placed at the position with the carrier height of 3-15 m, so that the periphery of the evaporation waveguide monitoring device is free from shielding.
The evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the shore-based platform transmits level signals with different frequencies, and the evaporation waveguide communication devices of different offshore platforms are distinguished by a time-sharing and frequency-staggered method.
Such carriers include, but are not limited to, boats, unmanned boats, wave gliders, lighthouses, oil platforms, buoys, island reefs, etc., and the measuring point may be any sea area.
The offshore platform and the shore-based platform are distributed with a plurality of component monitoring networks, wherein at least one shore-based platform is used as a master control platform.
The measuring and monitoring method by utilizing the long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measuring and channel monitoring system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the offshore platform is arranged on a measuring carrier, and the offshore platform and the measuring carrier are integrally connected to a measuring position;
step 2: the industrial personal computer starts to receive data, and judges whether meteorological conditions are suitable for carrying out real-time measurement and channel monitoring of the evaporation waveguide:
comparing real-time data of the wind speed and direction sensor and the rain gauge with preset parameters of the industrial personal computer, if the real-time wind speed or the rain gauge is larger than the maximum preset value of the industrial personal computer, commanding the cable car to rotate to recover the helium boat, then closing a power module, a data transmission module, a temperature and humidity pressure measuring device in the measuring module and a related power supply of an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, and enabling the industrial personal computer to enter a standby state; if the wind speed and the rainfall are reduced below the preset values, measuring and monitoring the evaporation waveguide;
step 3: the industrial personal computer controls the winch to enable the helium vessel to continuously rise to a preset height, then slowly reversely rotate to descend to the height, and the process is repeated to collect meteorological data at different heights at the same position;
the shortest time for the winch to drive the helium balloon to rise from the lowest point to the highest point is defined as half period of rotation of the winch, and data collected in one period are packed into one data packet; the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device continuously receives the signal level at a preset height and monitors the channel state; the helium vessel is controlled by the swivel to enable the wind speed and direction sensor to be always on the windward side. Simultaneously, the infrared thermometer is aligned with the sea surface to measure the sea surface temperature in real time; the rain gauge measures real-time precipitation;
step 4: the cable of the offshore platform transmits the collected temperature, humidity, sea surface temperature, precipitation, wind speed and wind direction and evaporation waveguide channel monitoring data to the industrial personal computer, and then the data is transmitted to the shore-based receiving end through the data transmission module;
step 5: the shore-based data transmission module transmits the received offshore platform data and the data of the shore-based evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device to the shore-based computer;
step 6: the shore-based computer calculates altitude and atmospheric refractive index using the following five formulas:
z＝44300(1-(p/p0)(1/5.256))
e＝f*E
wherein z is the altitude of the temperature, humidity and pressure sensor position, p 0 Is the standard atmospheric pressure 1013.25hPa, p is the pressure at z, N is the atmospheric refractive index, T is the air temperature at z, the unit is K, E is the water vapor pressure at z, f is the relative humidity at z, E is the saturated water vapor pressure, T isThe air temperature at z is given in degrees centigrade; m is the atmospheric correction refractive index, R is the average radius of the earth, and the unit is M;
step 7: polynomial fitting is carried out on the measurement data of every 6 data packets, a low-altitude atmosphere correction refractive index profile, namely an evaporation waveguide profile, is obtained, and the altitude at the lowest section M value is taken as the evaporation waveguide height of a measurement point;
step 8: and (3) calculating the path loss of the monitoring link between the measuring points by using a parabolic equation model, comparing and verifying the obtained result with the monitoring data obtained by the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, and if the absolute value of the difference between the simulation result and the monitoring result exceeds 5dB or the overall variation trend of 6 data packets is inconsistent, checking the running state of each module and returning to the step (2).
The meteorological data measured by the temperature-humidity-pressure sensor comprises temperature, relative humidity and air pressure; temperature parameter measurement range: -90 ℃ to +60 ℃, resolution: 0.01 ℃, response time: within 1 s; relative humidity parameter measurement range: 0-100% RH, resolution ratio: 0.1% rh, response time: within 0.3 s; barometric parameter measurement range: 1 to 1100hPa, resolution: 0.01hPa, response time: 0.2ms.
The wind speed and direction sensor measuring range is as follows: maximum measurement speed: 50m/s, wind direction measurement range: 0-360 DEG, resolution: wind speed is 0.01m/s, and wind direction is 0.01 degrees; rain gauge measuring range: 0-100 mm/h, resolution: 0.5mm/h.
Advantageous effects
According to the long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system and method, the change of the height is measured by controlling the lifting control of the airship through the automatic winch, so that meteorological data at the same position and different heights on the sea are obtained, the data are transmitted to the shore-based terminal in real time, and the long-term measurement of the real value of the high-precision low-altitude evaporation waveguide profile is realized. The evaporation waveguide real-time monitoring module is added to monitor the state of the evaporation waveguide channel in real time, judge the communication feasibility of the evaporation waveguide, and assimilate and verify the data measured in real time by checking the evaporation waveguide channel. The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple installation, convenient collection and release, high measurement precision, real and effective measurement results, and can be laid in key sea areas in China for a long time, thereby realizing the real-time measurement of the evaporation waveguide profile and the real-time continuous monitoring of the evaporation waveguide channel.
The invention relates to a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system. The system can be used repeatedly, the real-time measurement of the section of the evaporation waveguide at any position on the sea can be realized for a long time, the real-time monitoring module of the evaporation waveguide is adopted to monitor the channel state of the evaporation waveguide in real time, the basis is provided for judging the communication feasibility of the evaporation waveguide, and meanwhile, the system can be assimilated and verified with the data measured in real time by the evaporation waveguide channel. The method is suitable for the section measurement of the evaporation waveguide, the comparison test of experimental data of the monitoring of the evaporation waveguide, the prediction of the communication feasibility of the evaporation waveguide and the like, and has the advantages of low cost, easiness in assembly, convenience in carrying, easiness in distribution and recovery, accuracy in measurement and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system application scenario
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram for a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system
FIG. 3 is a control flow diagram of a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a long-term real-time evaporative waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system
FIG. 6 is a fitted evaporation waveguide section
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the path loss calculated by combining experimental data with a parabolic equation model
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to examples, figures:
a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system is characterized in that the system is divided into an offshore platform and a shore-based platform. The offshore platform consists of a power module, a measuring module, a data transmission module and a control module. The power module comprises a battery pack and a carrier power supply, the power module comprises a helium boat, a cable and an automatic winch, the measurement module comprises an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, a temperature-humidity-pressure measurement device, an infrared thermometer, a wind speed and direction sensor and a rain gauge, the data transmission module comprises a Beidou or 4G data transmission device, and the control module comprises an industrial personal computer; the shore-based platform consists of a data transmission module, a measurement module and a control module. The data transmission module comprises a Beidou module or a 4G data transmission device, the measurement module comprises an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, and the control module comprises a shore-based computer. The specific measurement and monitoring steps are as follows:
step 1: the offshore platform of the long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system is mounted on a measurement carrier, and the measurement carrier reaches a measurement position.
Step 2: and starting an industrial personal computer of the offshore platform, and judging whether the meteorological conditions are suitable for carrying out real-time measurement and channel monitoring on the evaporation waveguide. And comparing and judging real-time data of the wind speed and wind direction sensor and the rainfall gauge through preset parameters of the industrial personal computer, if the real-time wind speed or the rainfall is larger than the maximum preset value of the industrial personal computer, commanding the cable car to rotate to recover the helium boat, then closing the power module, the data transmission module, the medium-temperature-humidity-pressure measuring device in the measuring module and the related power supply of the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, enabling the industrial personal computer to enter a standby state, and restarting the system again to measure and monitor the evaporation waveguide when the wind speed and the rainfall are reduced below the preset value.
Step 3: the industrial personal computer of the offshore platform controls the winch to slowly rotate at a constant speed to enable the helium vessel to continuously rise to a certain height, then slowly rotate reversely, the process is repeated in such a way, meteorological data at different heights at the same position are collected, the rotating speed of the winch is set, the shortest time for the winch to drive the helium balloon to rise from the lowest point to the highest point is defined as a half period of rotation of the winch, and the data collected in one period are packed into one data packet; the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device continuously receives the signal level at a certain height to monitor the channel state. The helium vessel is controlled by the swivel to enable the wind speed and direction sensor to be always on the windward side. Simultaneously, the infrared thermometer is aligned with the sea surface to measure the sea surface temperature in real time; the rain gauge measures the real-time precipitation.
Step 4: the cable of the offshore platform transmits the collected temperature, humidity, sea surface temperature, precipitation, wind speed and wind direction and evaporation waveguide channel monitoring data to the industrial personal computer, and then the data is transmitted to the shore-based receiving end through the data transmission module.
Step 5: the shore-based data transmission module transmits the received offshore platform data and the data of the shore-based evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device to the shore-based computer.
Step 6: the shore-based computer calculates altitude and atmospheric refractive index using the following five formulas:
z＝44300(1-(p/p0)(1/5.256)) (1)
e＝f*E (2)
wherein z is the altitude of the temperature, humidity and pressure sensor position, p 0 Is the standard atmospheric pressure 1013.25hPa, p is the pressure at z, N is the atmospheric refractive index, T is the air temperature at z, the unit is K, E is the water vapor pressure at z, f is the relative humidity at z, E is the saturated water vapor pressure, T is the air temperature at z, the unit is the temperature at z; m is the atmospheric correction refractive index, R is the average radius of the earth, and unit M.
Step 7: and performing polynomial fitting on the measurement data of every 6 data packets to obtain a low-altitude atmosphere correction refractive index profile, namely an evaporation waveguide profile, and taking the altitude at the lowest section M value as the evaporation waveguide height of the measurement point.
Step 8: and (3) calculating the path loss of the monitoring link between the measuring points by using a parabolic equation model, comparing and verifying the obtained result with the monitoring data obtained by the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, and if the absolute value of the difference between the simulation result and the monitoring result exceeds 5dB or the overall variation trend of 6 data packets is inconsistent, checking the running state of each module and returning to the step (2).
The evaporation waveguide monitoring device comprises a communication baseband main board, a variable frequency transceiver and an omnidirectional antenna. The evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the offshore platform is independently placed at a higher position of the carrier, so that the periphery of the evaporation waveguide monitoring device is free from shielding, and the state of an evaporation waveguide channel is monitored by receiving a level signal with fixed frequency; the power can be supplied through two modes of a carrier power supply and a battery pack, and the battery pack can send and receive signals independently of the carrier power supply and continuously work for more than 24 hours. The erection height of the device is 3-15 m. The evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the shore-based platform is mainly responsible for transmitting level signals with different frequencies, and the evaporation waveguide communication devices of different offshore platforms are distinguished by a time-sharing and frequency-staggered method.
The measuring carrier comprises, but is not limited to, ships, unmanned boats, wave gliders, lighthouses, oil platforms, buoys, island reefs and the like, and the measuring point can be any sea area.
The maximum height of the rising of the helium vessel is controlled to be 80-100 meters through the rotating speed of the automatic winch and the length of the cable.
The meteorological data measured by the temperature-humidity-pressure sensor comprises temperature, relative humidity and air pressure. Temperature parameter measurement range: -90 ℃ to +60 ℃, resolution: 0.01 ℃, response time: within 1 s; relative humidity parameter measurement range: 0-100% RH, resolution ratio: 0.1% rh, response time: within 0.3 s; barometric parameter measurement range: 1 to 1100hPa, resolution: 0.01hPa, response time: 0.2ms.
The wind speed and direction sensor measuring range is as follows: maximum measurement speed: 50m/s, wind direction measurement range: 0-360 DEG, resolution: wind speed is 0.01m/s, and wind direction is 0.01 degrees; rain gauge measuring range: 0-100 mm/h, resolution: 0.5mm/h.
The cable consists of a power supply line and a cable, wherein the power supply line is used for supplying power to an electric appliance, and the cable is mainly responsible for bearing the tensile force.
The shore-based platform evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device does not need to consider the requirements of equipment types and sizes on installation environments when in shore-based erection, so that the shore-based platform evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device has larger signal emission power, high-gain antennas and the like, wherein the antenna part can select a directional antenna or a wide beam sector antenna and the like according to practical requirements of arrangement, and the erection height of the antenna is preferably about 3 m.
The offshore platform and the shore-based platform can be distributed with a plurality of component monitoring networks, wherein at least one shore-based platform is used as a master control platform.
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, assuming that it is now necessary to measure and monitor the section of the evaporation waveguide at the "offshore 1" (21.01°n,111.0535 °e) location in fig. 1 for a long period of time, with "shore 1" (21.01°n,110.5357 °e) as the other end of the monitoring link.
Step 1: the unmanned ship is selected as a system carrier at the '1 offshore' position, a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measuring and channel monitoring system is installed according to a flow chart shown in fig. 2, a power supply mode adopts a ship-mounted power supply, the maximum height is measured to be 100 meters, the sea surface wind speed is measured to be 4m/s, and the rain gauge reads 0mm/h. The maximum wind speed preset value of the industrial personal computer is 15m/s, and the maximum rainfall meter reading value is 3mm/h.
Step 2: and starting an industrial personal computer of the offshore platform, judging that the current rainfall and wind speed are suitable for evaporation waveguide measurement and channel monitoring, and starting a long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system according to a flow chart shown in fig. 3.
Step 3: the industrial personal computer of the offshore platform controls the winch to slowly rotate at a constant speed to enable the helium vessel to continuously rise to a certain height, then slowly rotate reversely, the process is repeated, meteorological data at different heights at the same position are collected, the rotation speed of the winch is set to enable the winch to rotate for one period every 5 minutes, and the collected data in one period are packaged into one data packet; the evaporating waveguide channel monitoring device continuously receives and transmits signal level at a certain height to monitor channel state. The helium boat controls the wind speed and direction sensor through the swivel so that the helium boat is always in the windward side. Simultaneously, the infrared thermometer is aligned with the sea surface to measure the sea surface temperature in real time; the rain gauge measures the real-time precipitation.
Step 4: the cable of the offshore platform transmits the collected temperature, humidity, sea surface temperature, precipitation, wind speed and wind direction and channel monitoring data to the industrial personal computer, and then the data is transmitted to the shore-based receiving end through the data transmission module.
Step 5: the shore-based data transmission module transmits the received offshore platform data and the data of the shore-based evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device to the shore-based computer.
Step 6: and calculating the atmospheric correction refractive index and the altitude of the temperature-humidity-pressure sensor by a shore-based computer. The data received by the temperature-humidity-pressure sensor are as follows: p=1013hpa, t=300.75k, f=75%, calculated as the atmospheric correction refractive index at the initial position is: m= 376.0368, and the temperature-humidity-pressure sensor is located at a height z= 2.0798M. The above calculation steps are repeated until all data measured within one hour are calculated.
Step 7: and after removing the data of the temperature and humidity pressure sensor with the height of more than 100 meters, carrying out atmospheric correction refractive index drawing by adopting the rest data, and obtaining an evaporation waveguide section by fitting the data through polynomials, wherein the section is shown in fig. 6, so that the evaporation waveguide with the height of 16.1068 meters is obtained.
Step 8: let the signal frequency of the evaporation waveguide channel monitor be 9GHz, the antenna height of the evaporation waveguide channel monitor be 3m, the path loss of the monitored evaporation waveguide be 172.8dB, fig. 7 is the path loss of the monitoring link between the measuring points calculated by using the parabolic equation model, the path loss obtained by the simulation calculation is 170.2dB, the absolute value difference between the simulation result and the monitoring result is 2.6dB, which indicates that the system is normal, and the real-time measurement and channel monitoring of the evaporation waveguide are continued.
Claims (9)
1. The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system is characterized by comprising an offshore platform and a shore-based platform; the offshore platform comprises a power module, a measuring module, a data transmission module, an industrial personal computer of a control module and a carrier; the power module comprises a helium boat, a cable and a winch; the measuring module comprises an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, a temperature, humidity and pressure measuring device, an infrared thermometer, a wind speed and direction sensor and a rain gauge; the carrier is positioned on the sea surface, the carrier is provided with an industrial personal computer, a power module, a data transmission module, a winch, an infrared thermometer, a rain gauge and an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, the helium boat is provided with a temperature-humidity-pressure measuring device, the helium boat floats in the air and is connected with the winch on the fixed carrier through a cable, and the cable is provided with a wind speed and wind direction sensor; the shore-based platform comprises a data transmission module, an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device of a measurement module and a shore-based computer of a control module; the signal connection relation is as follows: the data of the offshore platform measurement module is transmitted to the industrial personal computer and then transmitted to the shore-based platform through the data transmission module, the data transmission module of the shore-based platform receives the data and transmits the data to the shore-based computer, and the computer also receives the data of the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device of the shore-based platform; the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the shore-based platform transmits level signals with different frequencies, and the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the offshore platform monitors the channel state of the evaporation waveguide by receiving the level signals.
2. The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: the data transmission module comprises a Beidou module or a 4G data transmission device.
3. The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the offshore platform is independently placed at the position with the carrier height of 3-15 m, so that the periphery of the evaporation waveguide monitoring device is free from shielding.
4. The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: the evaporation waveguide monitoring device in the shore-based platform transmits level signals with different frequencies, and the evaporation waveguide communication devices of different offshore platforms are distinguished by a time-sharing and frequency-staggered method.
5. The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: such carriers include, but are not limited to, boats, unmanned boats, wave gliders, lighthouses, oil platforms, buoys, island reefs, etc., and the measuring point may be any sea area.
6. The long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: the offshore platform and the shore-based platform are distributed with a plurality of component monitoring networks, wherein at least one shore-based platform is used as a master control platform.
7. A measurement and monitoring method using the long-term real-time evaporation waveguide profile measurement and channel monitoring system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the steps of:
step 1: the offshore platform is arranged on a measuring carrier, and the offshore platform and the measuring carrier are integrally connected to a measuring position;
step 2: the industrial personal computer starts to receive data, and judges whether meteorological conditions are suitable for carrying out real-time measurement and channel monitoring of the evaporation waveguide:
comparing real-time data of the wind speed and direction sensor and the rain gauge with preset parameters of the industrial personal computer, if the real-time wind speed or the rain gauge is larger than the maximum preset value of the industrial personal computer, commanding the cable car to rotate to recover the helium boat, then closing a power module, a data transmission module, a temperature and humidity pressure measuring device in the measuring module and a related power supply of an evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, and enabling the industrial personal computer to enter a standby state; if the wind speed and the rainfall are reduced below the preset values, measuring and monitoring the evaporation waveguide;
step 3: the industrial personal computer controls the winch to enable the helium vessel to continuously rise to a preset height, then slowly reversely rotate to descend to the height, and the process is repeated to collect meteorological data at different heights at the same position;
the shortest time for the winch to drive the helium balloon to rise from the lowest point to the highest point is defined as half period of rotation of the winch, and data collected in one period are packed into one data packet; the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device continuously receives the signal level at a preset height and monitors the channel state; the helium vessel is controlled by the swivel to enable the wind speed and direction sensor to be always on the windward side; simultaneously, the infrared thermometer is aligned with the sea surface to measure the sea surface temperature in real time; the rain gauge measures real-time precipitation;
step 4: the cable of the offshore platform transmits the collected temperature, humidity, sea surface temperature, precipitation, wind speed and wind direction and evaporation waveguide channel monitoring data to the industrial personal computer, and then the data is transmitted to the shore-based receiving end through the data transmission module;
step 5: the shore-based data transmission module transmits the received offshore platform data and the data of the shore-based evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device to the shore-based computer;
step 6: the shore-based computer calculates altitude and atmospheric refractive index using the following five formulas:
z＝44300(1-(p/p0)(1/5.256))
e＝f*E
wherein z is the altitude of the temperature, humidity and pressure sensor position, p 0 Is the standard atmospheric pressure 1013.25hPa, p is the pressure at z, N is the atmospheric refractive index, T is the air temperature at z, the unit is K, E is the water vapor pressure at z, f is the relative humidity at z, E is the saturated water vapor pressure, T is the air temperature at z, the unit is the temperature at z; m is the atmospheric correction refractive index, R is the average radius of the earth, and the unit is M;
step 7: polynomial fitting is carried out on the measurement data of every 6 data packets, a low-altitude atmosphere correction refractive index profile, namely an evaporation waveguide profile, is obtained, and the altitude at the lowest section M value is taken as the evaporation waveguide height of a measurement point;
step 8: and (3) calculating the path loss of the monitoring link between the measuring points by using a parabolic equation model, comparing and verifying the obtained result with the monitoring data obtained by the evaporation waveguide channel monitoring device, and if the absolute value of the difference between the simulation result and the monitoring result exceeds 5dB or the overall variation trend of 6 data packets is inconsistent, checking the running state of each module and returning to the step (2).
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the meteorological data measured by the temperature-humidity-pressure sensor comprises temperature, relative humidity and air pressure; temperature parameter measurement range: -90 ℃ to +60 ℃, resolution: 0.01 ℃, response time: within 1 s; relative humidity parameter measurement range: 0-100% RH, resolution ratio: 0.1% rh, response time: within 0.3 s; barometric parameter measurement range: 1 to 1100hPa, resolution: 0.01hPa, response time: 0.2ms.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the wind speed and direction sensor measuring range is as follows: maximum measurement speed: 50m/s, wind direction measurement range: 0-360 DEG, resolution: wind speed is 0.01m/s, and wind direction is 0.01 degrees; rain gauge measuring range: 0-100 mm/h, resolution: 0.5mm/h.
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