CN108880657A - A kind of frequency translating transponder for detecing technology based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system - Google Patents
A kind of frequency translating transponder for detecing technology based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108880657A CN108880657A CN201810631927.3A CN201810631927A CN108880657A CN 108880657 A CN108880657 A CN 108880657A CN 201810631927 A CN201810631927 A CN 201810631927A CN 108880657 A CN108880657 A CN 108880657A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
Abstract
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology fields, and in particular to a kind of frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in a kind of space base relayed communications enhancing system, it is therefore an objective to be detectd using skill plus a kind of space base relayed communications of the thought design construction of frequency conversion enhances system.It is characterized in that：It includes that aerial signal forwarding subsystem and ground signal forward two subsystems；Wherein the frequency translating transponder in aerial signal forwarding subsystem is located at the relaying load of unmanned plane, fast search is carried out to uplink signal by antenna and is received, the signal for will then the VHF signal received be detectd up-converting to L frequency range, is down forwarded after signal amplifies by antenna；Frequency translating transponder in ground signal forwarding subsystem switchs to former band signal by the way that frequency converter transponder is downconverted to receive the downlink signal forwarded in the air, and is output to antenna after frequency-selecting is handled and is forwarded, and uses for neighbouring ultra short wave communication equipment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology fields, and in particular to one kind is based in a kind of space base relayed communications enhancing system
Skill detects the frequency translating transponder of technology.
Background technique
1.1 application background
With mobile communication technology at home continuous universal, due to setting up for land mobile base station, in city, small towns etc.
Densely inhabited district realizes all standing of movable signal substantially.However in recent years, emergency event takes place frequently, severe natural calamity
Appearance huge damage is caused to the life security of social stability and people, in multiple disaster, based on static infrastructure
Communication system and network and power supply system are by serious destruction, or even paralysis comprehensively, in the prime time of emergency disaster relief
In, the communication linkage of minimum standard is difficult to set up, emergency management and rescue unit and disaster area internal staff confusing communication, it is difficult to aid decision
Take rescue measure.In addition, China's overocean communications network construction is there are also to be improved, fishing boat, maritime patrol ship go to sea after means of communication
It is extremely limited, once it is in an emergency or monitors important information, it is difficult to situation is fed back at the first time.Therefore, I
State is very urgent for the demand of land emergency response communication and overocean communications.
In order to cope with the demand, also occur some relaying countermeasures for emergency communication, example in actual life in succession
Such as Extemporaneous distribution satellite communication equipment, the communication relay that particular device is carried out using unmanned plane.But practical situations
It is:Requirement of the satellite communication to equipment is very harsh, and expensive, it is difficult to a large amount of universal；For existing UAV Communication
For trunking scheme, the common wireless telecom equipment such as relaying load and the civil intercom largely used, radio station on unmanned plane
Can not connection, versatility is poor.In consideration of it, this patent is filled towards civil a large amount of existing ultrashort wave devices based on lift-off platform
Divide and consider the problems of isolation between transmitting and receiving antenna, detects the technologies such as receipts and frequency conversion forwarding using radio, do not changing existing terminal
Under conditions of agreement, antenna, port, the scheme of frequency conversion relaying is proposed：The VHF (30M-88MHz) in region is believed in the sky
It number carries out detecing receipts, upconverts to L frequency range (1.35G-1.8GHz) through frequency converter and down forward and received for ground based terminal, thus
Realize interconnecting for the wireless telecom equipment under the conditions of over the horizon, which can support without changing original technical system
The concurrent communication of multi-user, the area communication for being especially suitable for the control of the governments such as depopulated zone, ocean, mountainous region jungle and anti-terrorism stability maintenance need
It wants.
1.2 prior arts and its advantage and disadvantage
1.2.1 ultrashort wave radio set relays the relevant technologies
Ultrashort wave radio set communication system is widely applied in fields such as military, operations on the sea, and user is led to using radio station
After believing networking, the transmitting-receiving of station information can be realized within a certain area.Station telecommunication is due to being not necessarily to mass communication infrastructure
Construction is widely used for government, aircraft industry and army.But the factors such as wavelength, power are limited by, it is directly logical between radio station
Communication distance is closer, and electric wave is highly prone to the influence of the topography and geomorphologies such as high mountain, jungle and weather, communication capacity in communication process
It is limited.Existing mode fixes or goes up to the air the radio station relaying of platform carrying by establishing ground and signal amplifies load to enhance electricity
Platform communication capacity.For the method for UAV Communication relaying, in addition to the type selecting of unmanned plane, most crucial technology is relaying load
Design, current main trunking scheme is broadly divided into three kinds：Traditional repeater mode, network code repeater mode and physical layer
Network code repeater mode.In traditional repeater mode, relay node does not carry out information only to information into storage and forwarding
Processing.Main thought, that is, relay node of network code repeater mode carries out the behaviour such as coding mapping to the information that source node is sent
It is forwarded again after work, has broken the definition in conventional communication networks for relay node, so that multicast transmission reaches maximum
Theory propagates capacity, to improve the validity of communication system throughput and communications.Mould is relayed in physical-layer network coding
In formula, the superposed signal that source node is sent simultaneously is mapped to the data bit flow of galois field by relay node, and interference is become
A part of encoding operation.Compared with traditional mode, which reduces half, and network throughput improves one
Times.For practical application, there are certain limitations for above-mentioned unmanned plane trunking scheme：
(1) limitation of error coded；It is corresponding to the carry out of forwarding information due to lacking in the directly mode of storage forwarding
Error Correction of Coding and coded modulation, the indexs such as information transfer efficiency, the availability of frequency spectrum and bit error rate of this mode not as good as after
Both of which, information throughput, timeliness, accuracy need to be improved.
(2) limitation of communication system；It is not difficult to find out that in second, third kind of mode, relaying load is both needed to receiving
Information carries out coded treatment, this means that load design in addition to it need to fully consider relaying frequency range, also needs to grasp transmission in advance
Otherwise information protocol just can not carry out processing forward to the signal that receives, reach and improve handling capacity and the rate of information throughput
Purpose.This premise greatly limits the expanded application of relaying load, and load is just difficult to be suitable for other frequency ranges again once application
Or the communication system of other information agreement is followed, communication system is larger to the limitation of load.
(3) limitation of coverage area；It is limited by the flying height of unmanned plane, loaded antennas subtended angle is small, wave path
On block that the decaying of more, signal is big, relaying load is to the limited coverage area on ground, be unable to logical in requirements of support size area
Letter.
(4) limitation of userbase；It is limited by factors such as power, landform, relaying load supports networking userbase small.By
It especially needs to consider the factors such as weight bearing, power in lift-off platform, relaying loaded antennas volume, signal transmission power cannot design ground
It is excessive, therefore the communication relay for the platform that goes up to the air is limited cruise duration, can not support the communication terminal of a large amount of networkings, relays load pair
The support of user concurrent communication is weaker.
1.2.2 skill detects the relevant technologies
The skill technology of detecing is also referred to as communication reconnaissance technology, and main task is electromagnetic spectrum detection, enemy's signal of communication technology
The acquisition of parameter and intension information, to emitter Signals it is lateral, positioning etc., which widely applies to Military Electronics
Information war.In order to which communication reconnaissance is better achieved, three key technologies are related generally to：(1) fast search of signal of communication, cut
It obtains；(2) Modulation Identification of signal of communication；(3) high-precision direction finding of signal of communication, positioning.
(1) fast search of signal of communication, acquisition techniques；As miscoordination side, we are not total energy in advance for communication reconnaissance
The position of signal interested to knowing, nor know when these signals occur, it works in which frequency point or frequency range, it
Be mingled in tens, in a garbage signal up to a hundred or interference signal, some are also possible to be submerged in noise, therefore, to signal
Search, intercept and capture be the communication reconnaissance top priority to be solved.The method generallyd use mainly has：Fixed threshold detection, frequency
Planning and filtering, adaptive threshold detecting method.
(2) Modulation identification technology of signal of communication；After obtaining signal by signal search, acquisition techniques, communication reconnaissance
System is needed in next step with signal processing method according to statistical sample to received signal modulation parameter (index of modulation, signal
Bandwidth, carrier frequency, bit rate etc.) it is identified, judge its communication system, modulation system, signal type etc..At present, signal of communication
Modulation identification technology be applied to Practical Project, achieve certain effect, but how to improve small sample, low signal-to-noise ratio situation
The Modulation Identification accuracy rate of lower signal of communication finds smaller calculation amount, adaptation complex electromagnetic environment, engineering is suitable for realize, know
Other performance preferably new identification feature parameter and recognition methods etc. are still the direction made great efforts in a very long time from now on.
(3) high-precision direction finding of signal of communication, location technology；The transmitting of signal is finally calculated according to the transmission characteristic of electric wave
Direction, position.It is main to complete orientation survey using than width method, correlation interferometer direction-finding method and time-of-arrival direction finding method, it is fixed using the time difference
Position method, point-position mode etc. complete the positioning measurement of signal.
Summary of the invention
VHF frequency range station telecommunication is that the radio carried out using the electromagnetic wave of the ultrashort wave frequency band of 30MHz~300MHz is led to
Letter, is also VHF communication.It is mainly characterized by：Ground absorption is larger and ionosphere cannot be reflected, and can only transmit by linear fashion,
Referred to as line-of-sight transmission is widely used in fields such as Military Application, space experiments.
The present invention is designed for the communication relay of ultrashort wave radio set equipment, and it is 20KM's that load, which is located at flying height,
On long endurance unmanned aircraft, it is contemplated that antenna will make receiving and transmitting signal generate strong co-channel interference and then influence logical with frequency transmitting-receiving
Believe effect, this patent, which detects a kind of space base relayed communications of the thought design construction for adding frequency conversion using skill, enhances system.It mainly divides
Two subsystems are forwarded for aerial signal forwarding, ground signal, system framework is as shown in Figure 1.Wherein aerial signal forwarding, which divides, is
Frequency translating transponder in system is located at the relaying load of unmanned plane, carries out fast search to uplink signal by antenna and receives, and
The signal for the VHF signal received will be detectd up-converting to L frequency range afterwards, is down forwarded after signal amplifies by antenna.Ground signal
Forward the frequency translating transponder in subsystem to receive the downlink signal forwarded in the air, it is downconverted by ground signal frequency converter
Switch to former band signal, and be output to antenna after frequency-selecting is handled and be forwarded, is used for neighbouring ultra short wave communication equipment.
The subsystem equipment has the characteristics that size is small, low in energy consumption, uses convenient for flexible configuration.
Space base relayed communications enhances system by the way that wireless signal progress is detectd receipts, relaying, frequency conversion forward process in the air, can prop up
It holds more than 250 user concurrents to use, preferably due to lacking ground communication relay within the scope of solution certain time, in specific region
Problem is communicated caused by system, under the scenes such as calamity danger rescue, operation on the sea, battlefield depopulated zone, anti-terrorism stability maintenance, space experiment
Communication support be of great significance.
The invention is realized in this way：
A kind of frequency translating transponder for detecing technology based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system, including aerial signal forwarding point
System and ground signal forward two subsystems；Wherein the frequency translating transponder in aerial signal forwarding subsystem is located at unmanned plane
Load is relayed, fast search is carried out to uplink signal by antenna and is received, the VHF signal received will be then detectd and up-converts to L
The signal of frequency range is down forwarded after signal amplifies by antenna；Ground signal forward subsystem in frequency translating transponder to
The downlink signal forwarded in the air is received, switchs to former band signal by the way that frequency converter transponder is downconverted, and handle by frequency-selecting
After be output to antenna and be forwarded, used for neighbouring ultra short wave communication equipment.
Frequency translating transponder in aerial signal forwarding subsystem as described above is divided into antenna and two parts of communication process：
Antenna detect receipts to the signal of communication that ground installation issues and turns frequency treated transparent forwarding；Frequency translating transponder completes signal
Frequency conversion, amplification and forwarding, be divided into multiple subelements such as frequency-selecting amplification, frequency transformation, local oscillator network, power amplification；Telemetering is distant
Control module be face unmanned plane flight control modules；Wherein, frequency-selecting amplifying unit to detect the electric wave received be filtered and
Amplification, is then provided to frequency conversion unit；Frequency conversion unit is responsible for the electric wave after frequency-selecting upconverting to L frequency range,
Local oscillator network is then responsible for generating local oscillation frequency signal, and power amplification unit is responsible for passing through after finally amplifying the signal after frequency conversion
Antenna down forwards.
Frequency translating transponder in aerial signal forwarding subsystem as described above is equipped with power interface, communication interface, radio frequency
Interface and 1pps interface；Power interface internal battery supports external power supply and battery charging；Communication interface is for connecting data
Line supports local parameter configuration；Radio frequency interface is for connecting antenna；1pps interface is synchronous for internal clocking.
Frequency translating transponder in aerial signal forwarding subsystem as described above is first with uplink signal receiving antenna pair
The signal that user equipment transmitting comes up carries out detecing receipts；Then, frequency-selecting amplification module carries out frequency-selecting and low noise to the signal received is detectd
Sound amplification：Decaying automatic control is carried out to received electric wave first with limiter, obtains positioned at 30M-88MHz frequency range and steady function
The signal of rate simultaneously carries out first time amplification using low-noise amplifier；Then, frequency-selecting is carried out using 5 rank LC filters, inhibits band
Outer interference signal；It filtered signal and is obtained after automatic level controller part through the useful signal of wave detector second extraction
Stable level；Last signal carries out secondary amplification through amplifier and reaches frequency-variable module；
In frequency-variable module, up-conversion is completed through the amplified electric wave of frequency-selecting：First with Serial Peripheral Interface
Device and clock devices ensure continuously transmitting from controller information；In order to preferably filter out extra spuious point of bring of mixing
The signal of treated signal is converted to higher frequency section is obtained pure carrier signal by amount, frequency converter；Treated, and electric wave passes through
Amplified again by amplifier after cavity body filter filtering frequency-selecting, obtains wanted carrier finally by LC low-pass filter；
In power amplifier module, carrier signal is amplified by power amplifier：Transmission process is filtered off by notch filter first
The clutter of middle generation then using ALC device stable level and reaches power amplifier；Due to current general communication equipment hair
The signal relative bandwidth penetrated is wider, and space link loss is not quite similar during signal is propagated, therefore followed by balanced device to difference
The signal of frequency is made up；Finally, the useful signal that treated signal and wave detector extract is filtered through cavity body filter and is selected
It is gone out after frequency by aerial radiation.
Frequency translating transponder in ground signal forwarding subsystem as described above is divided into antenna and two portions of frequency translating transponder
Point；Antenna receive and the forwarding after frequency retrieval to the signal after lift-off platform frequency conversion；Frequency translating transponder completes signal
Frequency-selecting amplification and frequency conversion forwarding are divided into frequency-selecting amplification, frequency transformation, local oscillator network, ALC amplification subelement, frequency-selecting amplification and frequency
Rate converter unit completes the filtering and frequency conversion to the electric wave received is detectd, and ALC amplifying unit changes for guaranteeing in input signal
When, maintain power amplifier basicly stable.
Frequency translating transponder in ground signal forwarding subsystem as described above is equipped with power interface, communication interface, radio frequency
Interface and 1pps interface；Power interface internal battery supports external power supply and battery charging；Communication interface is for connecting data
Line supports local parameter configuration；Radio frequency interface is for connecting antenna；1pps interface is synchronous for internal clocking.
Frequency translating transponder in ground signal forwarding subsystem as described above is first with downstream signal reception antenna pair
The signal of lift-off platform forwarding is received, and filters off out of band signal by cavity body filter, and frequency-selecting amplification module then docks
The signal received carries out frequency-selecting and low noise amplification：The amplification of first time low noise is carried out to signal by low-noise amplifier first,
It is then carried out automatically controlling by level of the ALC device to amplified signal, frequency conversion mould is finally transferred to by the secondary amplification of amplifier again
Block；
Frequency-variable module carries out frequency-conversion processing to the control signal that frequency-selecting amplification module and main control module transmit：Controller signals
Realized by SPI device and clock devices and control information continuously transmitted, and with through the processed signal of frequency-selecting amplification module
It is transferred to frequency converter together；The signal transmitted is carried out down coversion by frequency converter, obtains the carrier wave and warp of clean VHF frequency
Amplifier amplification, is filtered finally by LC low-pass filter；
Power amplifier module carries out power amplification to the signal after frequency conversion：Automatic electric-level is realized to signal by ALC device first
It controls and is once amplified by amplifier；Power is then carried out by signal of the balanced device to different frequency and makes up then secondary amplification,
In view of the intermediate frequency of frequency translating transponder at this time is higher than local frequency, finally mixing is inhibited to bring interference using 5 rank LC filters
Ingredient, and signal is sent using antenna.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) the frequency conversion forwarding design detectd based on skill, solves the problems, such as trans-regional user concurrent communication
The present invention proposes the frequency conversion detectd based on skill forwarding design, realizes detecing for same frequency range plurality of devices signal in region
The concurrent communication of receipts and multi-user.Traditional lift-off platform relay is often using the equipment of a same communication system as load
Lotus rises up into the air, is received and is forwarded using terrestrial user signal of the antenna to restriction, and point-to-point and on a small quantity more are able to achieve
Point relaying.This patent devises the relaying load of the forwarding of the frequency conversion on 20Km flying height unmanned plane, first to same frequency
All signals of section carry out detecing receipts and frequency-conversion processing, then carry out transparent forwarding using transponder and antenna.Without grasping ground
The communication system of terminal, communication protocol, system, which is able to achieve plurality of devices, radius 50KM coverage area, surpasses 250 user concurrents makes
With improving relayed communications ability.
(2) design of aerial alien frequencies forwarding, solves the problems, such as isolation between antennas
The present invention proposes that platform carries relaying load in the sky and the signal that earth station emits is relayed and forwarded, and is limited
In the carrying ability of lift-off platform, load will have serious co-channel interference to the direct forwarding of VHF signal, dual-mode antenna
Isolation problem is difficult to solve.Patent proposes the design scheme of alien frequencies forwarding, solves the problems, such as isolation between antennas.
(3) design of ground frequency conversion forwarding, solves the problems, such as that communication system is difficult to change
By the development of many years, according to the actual situation, the communication system in each regional, various field has been cured substantially,
It is difficult to update existing communication equipment on a large scale in short time.Design of the patent to ground frequency translating transponder, so that with
Family without replacing existing device on a large scale, without changing the use habit of communication equipment, need to increase by one it is small and exquisite, just
The ground installation taken, so that it may which the beyond-the-horizon communication for supporting more ultra short wave communication equipment efficiently solves communication system hardly possible
With the problem of change.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of system for the frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system of the invention
Frame diagram；
Fig. 2 is a kind of system for the frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system of the invention
Functional block diagram；
Fig. 3 is a kind of the aerial of the frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system of the invention
Signal frequency conversion switch design frame；
Fig. 4 is a kind of the aerial of the frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system of the invention
Signal frequency conversion transponder develops block diagram；
Fig. 5 is a kind of the aerial of the frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system of the invention
The signal processing flow figure of signal frequency conversion transponder；
Fig. 6 is a kind of ground for the frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system of the invention
Signal frequency conversion switch design frame；
Fig. 7 is a kind of ground for the frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system of the invention
Signal frequency conversion transponder develops block diagram；
Fig. 8 is a kind of ground for the frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system of the invention
The signal processing flow figure of signal frequency conversion transponder.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
This programme is realized in such a way that aerial platform detects receipts, forward signal and is lacking the communication relays facilities such as base station
Calamity rear region, far from the sea on land, wartime depopulated zone and other possess and communicated under the extreme terrains such as more high mountain, jungle
Interconnection between equipment.
After communication support starts, unmanned plane will take off from rear, and specified region is gone to carry out VHF frequency range (30M-88MHz)
Signal detects receipts and forwarding.Patent design reaches the long endurance unmanned aircraft of 20KM using flying height, this flying height belongs to flat
Fluid layer, weather conditions are excellent, almost calm, and unmanned plane is suitble to stop for a long time, while basic between land station and unmanned plane
Do not block, antenna elevation angle it is big, but radio wave propagation path loss is relatively large, therefore can only ensure the ultrashort of the big transmission power in ground (50W)
The starting demand of wave device.In view of the isolation of dual-mode antenna influences, aerial repeater design is detectd think of at based on skill by this patent
The operating mode for the alien frequencies forwarding thought, aerial loaded antennas can detect various types of radio signals of same frequency range
It receives, the VHF frequency band signals received is converted to another L frequency range (1.35G-1.8GHz) followed by frequency conversion forwarding device.It is above-mentioned to set
Meter mode will ensure that aerial relaying load can complete the transmitting-receiving of signal by an antenna, guarantee between receiving and transmitting signal without mutual interference.By
It is mismatched in downstream signal frequencies and ground installation, therefore a frequency translating transponder need to be further added by near the ultrashort wave radio set of ground,
The frequency of L-band is converted to VHF working frequency range again, is then forwarded to one or a set of ultrashort wave radio set of attachment.Due to ground
The distance of face signal frequency conversion transponder to ultrashort wave radio set is close, and transmission power, the dual-mode antenna size of the equipment can design
It is smaller, become a Signal Booster with ultrashort wave radio set.Based on the above design philosophy, communication body can not changed
It under the premise of system, realizes in certain area, ultra short wave communication equipment interconnects under the conditions of over the horizon, working principle such as Fig. 2
It is shown.
1. the main target of aerial signal forwarding subsystem is exactly to pass through the electric wave signal of the VHF frequency range of subscriber board transmitting
Frequency conversion is converted to L frequency range electric wave signal, is launched after amplification by antenna, which need to be equipped on unmanned plane.
(1) aerial signal frequency translating transponder designs
Aerial signal forwarding subsystem is broadly divided into antenna and two parts of communication process：Antenna mainly sends out ground installation
Signal of communication out detect receipts and turns frequency treated transparent forwarding；Frequency translating transponder mainly completes the frequency conversion of signal, amplification
And forwarding, it is divided into multiple subelements such as frequency-selecting amplification, frequency transformation, local oscillator network, power amplification；Remote measuring and controlling module is mainly
Ground faces the flight control modules of unmanned plane.Wherein, frequency-selecting amplifying unit is mainly filtered and is amplified to detecing the electric wave received,
It is then provided to frequency conversion unit.Frequency conversion unit is responsible for the electric wave after frequency-selecting upconverting to L frequency range, this vibrating
Network is then responsible for generating local oscillation frequency signal, and power amplification unit is responsible for after finally amplifying the signal after frequency conversion through under antenna
Row forwarding.As the important feature of this patent, frequency translating transponder is treated in journey to the electric wave signal for detecing receipts, without the palm
The information protocol that transmitting signal is followed is held, this also means that the module to eliminating usual signal in the treatment process of electric wave
The process of protocol analysis before converting, to greatly enhance this system from now on to the communication relay of sorts of systems, supportability, originally
The frequency translating transponder design framework of subsystem is as shown in Figure 3.
(2) aerial signal frequency translating transponder interface
The primary interface of aerial signal frequency translating transponder is as shown in table 1：
1 aerial signal frequency translating transponder primary interface table of table
| Serial number | Title | Function and explanation | Type |
| 1 | Power interface | Internal battery supports external power supply and battery charging | Not less than+28V/3A |
| 2 | Communication interface | Support local parameter configuration | Support USB or RS-232 |
| 3 | Radio frequency interface | Input antenna and output antennal interface | SMA 50ohm |
| 4 | 1pps interface | Synchronous for internal clocking, outside provides | SMA 50ohm |
(3) frequency translating transponder research and development proposal
According to the functional requirement of subsystem, patent has carried out detailed design to the research and development proposal of subsystem, has selected each function
Specific electronic device in energy unit, it is as shown in Figure 4 to develop block diagram.
After system starts, aerial signal forwards subsystem to send out first with uplink signal receiving antenna user equipment
The signal penetrated up carries out detecing receipts.Then, frequency-selecting amplification module carries out frequency-selecting and low noise amplification to the signal received is detectd：First
Decaying automatic control is carried out to received electric wave using limiter, obtains the letter of positioned at 30M-88MHz frequency range and more steady power
Number and utilize low-noise amplifier (LNA) carry out first time amplification.Then, frequency-selecting is carried out using 5 rank LC filters, inhibits band outer
Interference signal.Filtered signal and through the useful signal of wave detector second extraction after auto level control (ALC) device
Obtain relatively stable level.Last signal carries out secondary amplification through amplifier and reaches frequency-variable module.
In frequency-variable module, up-conversion is completed through the amplified electric wave of frequency-selecting：First with Serial Peripheral Interface
(SPI) device and clock devices ensure continuously transmitting from controller information.It is extra in order to preferably filter out mixing bring
The signal of treated signal is converted to higher frequency section is obtained pure carrier signal by spurious components, frequency converter.Treated
Electric wave is amplified by amplifier again after cavity body filter filters frequency-selecting, obtains wanted carrier finally by LC low-pass filter.
In power amplifier module, carrier signal is amplified by power amplifier：Transmission process is filtered off by notch filter first
The clutter of middle generation then using ALC device stable level and reaches power amplifier.Due to current general communication equipment hair
The signal relative bandwidth penetrated is wider, and space link loss is not quite similar during signal is propagated, therefore followed by balanced device to difference
The signal of frequency is made up.Finally, the useful signal that treated signal and wave detector extract is filtered through cavity body filter and is selected
It is gone out after frequency by aerial radiation.Aerial signal forwards the signal processing flow of subsystem as shown in Figure 5.
2. the main target of ground signal forwarding subsystem is exactly that the downlink signal of aerial platform forwarding is converted to VHF
Frequency range is then output to forwarding antenna after frequency-selecting is handled, the communication being supplied within the scope of separating system device 10m
Equipment uses.The equipment need to have micromation, and low-power consumption feature uses convenient for flexibly carrying with configuration.
(1) ground signal frequency translating transponder designs
Ground signal forwarding subsystem is broadly divided into antenna and two parts of frequency translating transponder：Antenna is mainly to lift-off platform
Signal after frequency conversion receive and the forwarding after frequency retrieval；Frequency translating transponder mainly completes the frequency-selecting amplification and frequency conversion of signal
Forwarding, similar with aerial signal forwarding subsystem, this subsystem is divided into frequency-selecting amplification, frequency transformation, local oscillator network, ALC amplification
Etc. multiple subelements, frequency-selecting amplification and frequency conversion unit mainly complete filtering and frequency conversion to the electric wave received is detectd, ALC amplification
Unit is mainly served for ensuring when input signal changes greatly, and maintains power amplifier basicly stable.This subsystem turns in frequency conversion
During hair and without Information agreement, the transparent forwarding of signal is realized.In addition, ground signal forwards separating system device
It is also equipped with display screen and key, terrestrial user can obtain the operation information of current whole system by equipment, and can be according to need
It asks and the dynamic configurations such as frequency handover is carried out to ground subsystem.The design framework of the frequency translating transponder of this subsystem is as shown in Figure 6.
(2) ground signal frequency translating transponder interface
The primary interface of ground signal frequency translating transponder is as shown in table 2：
2 ground signal frequency translating transponder primary interface table of table
| Serial number | Title | Function and explanation | Type |
| 1 | Power interface | External power supply and internal cell charge | Not less than 7.4V/2A |
| 2 | Communication interface | Support Remote configuration | Support USB or RS-232 |
| 3 | Radio frequency interface | Input antenna and output antennal interface | SMA 50ohm |
| 4 | 1pps interface | Synchronous for internal clocking, outside provides | SMA 50ohm |
(3) subsystem research and development proposal
According to the functional requirement of subsystem, patent has carried out detailed design to the research and development proposal of subsystem, has selected specific
Electronic device, develop block diagram it is as shown in Figure 7.
After system starts, ground signal forwards subsystem to turn first with downstream signal reception antenna to lift-off platform
The signal of hair is received, and filters off out of band signal by cavity body filter, and frequency-selecting amplification module is then to the signal received
Carry out frequency-selecting and low noise amplification：First by low-noise amplifier (LNA) to signal carry out the amplification of first time low noise, then by
ALC device carries out automatically controlling the level of amplified signal, is finally transferred to frequency-variable module by the secondary amplification of amplifier again.
Frequency-variable module mainly carries out frequency-conversion processing to the control signal that frequency-selecting amplification module and main control module transmit：Controller
Signal realized by SPI device and clock devices and continuously transmitted to controlling information, and with it is processed through frequency-selecting amplification module
Signal is transferred to frequency converter together.The signal transmitted is carried out down coversion by frequency converter, obtains the carrier wave of clean VHF frequency
And amplify through amplifier, it is filtered finally by LC low-pass filter.
Power amplifier module carries out power amplification to the signal after frequency conversion：Automatic electric-level is realized to signal by ALC device first
It controls and is once amplified by amplifier.Power is then carried out by signal of the balanced device to different frequency and makes up then secondary amplification,
In view of the intermediate frequency of frequency translating transponder at this time is more much higher than local frequency, finally mixing is inhibited to bring using 5 rank LC filters
Interference component, and signal is sent using antenna.Ground signal forwards the signal processing flow of subsystem as shown in Figure 8.
3. system index
3.1 user personality indexs
Analytical calculation is carried out according to obtained user parameter information, ground based terminal maximum transmission power is 50W (47dBm),
Unmanned plane height is 20Km, and covered ground radius is 50Km, frequency range of the terminal works frequency range between 30-88M, after up-conversion
It (is chosen between 1.35G-1.8G) in L-band.In order to carry out simulating, verifying to technical products, it is considered link in advance using system index
It calculates：VHF communication frequency range lower limit (30MHz) and the upper limit (88MHz) are taken respectively, and the L communications band upper limit (1.8GHz) is counted respectively
Calculate the above extreme frequencies farthest (53.85KM), recently (20KM) apart from when electric wave link load, in conjunction with two kinds of transponders pair
In the gain of different frequency range electric wave, and then obtain reaching aerial signal forwarding subsystem (V-L transponder) and ground signal forwarding
The carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) of the entry level of subsystem (L-V transponder), output power and link (wherein make an uproar by V-L transponder
Sonic system number (NF) is set as 5dB, and the NF of L-V transponder is set as 3dB, and carrier bandwidths are set as 25KHz), each forwarding can be respectively obtained and set
Standby user personality：
It is calculated and is arranged by data, can obtain aerial signal frequency translating transponder respectively under minimum distance and maximum distance
User personality, as shown in table 3.
3 aerial signal frequency translating transponder user personality table of table
Similarly, ground signal frequency translating transponder user personality table is as shown in table 4.
4 ground signal frequency translating transponder user personality table of table
Budget is carried out by the link load of given user emission power and application scenarios, demonstrates link design first
Meet user's minimum and receive level demand, and the input C/N value under whole link signal worst condition is 10.69dB.It is assumed that with
Family terminal NF is 3dB, also can satisfy the demodulation threshold (simulation of the radio station FM needs：12.5K bandwidth corresponds to demodulation threshold 4dB,
25K bandwidth corresponds to demodulation threshold 7dB).According to the operation to application scenarios and link load, available two transponder bases
This gain, power, the index requests such as NF provide foundation for the index Design of system.
3.2. performance indicator
3.2.1 aerial signal forwards subsystem
(1) basic index
According to application scenarios and index budget, the basic index of aerial signal frequency translating transponder requires as shown in table 5：
5 aerial signal frequency translating transponder basic index table of table
| Project | Value | Unit |
| Transponder ALC level | 25 | dBm |
| Repeater gain (88MHz) | 75 | dB |
| Repeater gain (30MHz) | 66 | dB |
| Transponder output power | 16~25 | dBm |
| Equalizer compensation | 9 | dB |
| Noise coefficient | 5 | dB |
| Receive frequency range | 30~88 | MHz |
| Forward frequency range | 1.35~1.80 | GHz |
| Forward frequency stepping | 1 | MHz |
| Frequency accuracy | 0.01 | ppm |
| Transponder requirement for height | 20 | Km |
| Power consumption | 50 | W |
| Size | 300*200*50 | mm |
| Weight (is free of antenna) | 8 | Kg |
(2) power amplifier power index
Frequency translating transponder in aerial signal forwarding subsystem mainly completes detecing for VHF frequency range electric wave and receives frequency conversion and VHF
The forwarding of frequency range electric wave.Compared to link is down forwarded, the loss of uplink is smaller, and the Indexes Comparison of receiver is easy real
It is existing.Therefore patent mainly considers the transponder sustainable number of users after frequency conversion, concurrent user's quantity of support is more, then turns
The power amplifier power for sending out device is bigger.Aerial signal frequency translating transponder needs to load to unmanned plane, due to the cruising ability of unmanned plane
Limited, patent calculates the selection of the power amplifier power of frequency translating transponder.
50W power amplifier is selected, according to free space wave transmissions path loss formula, horizontal distance takes 50KM, and unmanned plane height is
20KM, calculate maximum distance path loss 105.96dB, subscriber board transmission power are estimated by 47dBm (50w)：Power amplifier output work
Rate minimum value is 16.4dBm, and whole conversion link C/N is 10.69dB at this time；IM3 is to fall to the ground maximum distance by interference
Energy be less than or equal to bottom and make an uproar determining, nearby interference is big, and interference at a distance is smaller in order to reduce friendship caused by nonlinear device
Cadre enrolled among workers disturbs, and so that terrestrial user platform is obtained preferable speech effect and obtains IM3 in conjunction with the theory and engineering experience of IP3>-31dBc.
And, determine that concurrent user number is up to 250, maximum power output 40.37dBm, drain electrode according to IM3 restrictive condition
Power consumption is 54.56W, the user volume estimation result of 50W power amplifier power such as table 6.
The user volume of 6 50W power amplifier power of table is estimated
Comprehensively consider the factors such as cruising ability and the intermodulation distortion of long endurance unmanned aircraft, patent selected 50W as sky
The power amplifier power of middle signal forwarding subsystem, can be logical to 250 user concurrents simultaneously when earth station transmission power is 50W
Letter is supported.
3.2.2 ground signal forwards subsystem
(1) basic index
According to application scenarios and index budget, the basic index of ground signal frequency translating transponder requires as shown in table 7：
7 ground signal frequency translating transponder basic index table of table
| Project | Value | Unit |
| Transponder ALC level | 10 | dBm |
| Balanced device | 9 | dB |
| Repeater gain (1.8GHz) | 61 | dB |
| Repeater gain (1.35GHz) | 71 | dB |
| Transponder is with a distance from user | <10 | m |
| Receive frequency range | 1.35~1.80 | GHz |
| It receives frequency and adjusts stepping | 1 | MHz |
| Frequency accuracy | 0.01 | ppm |
| Forward frequency range | 30~88 | MHz |
| Power consumption | 5 | W |
| Size | 150*100*40 | mm |
| Weight (is free of antenna) | 1 | Kg |
(2) power amplifier power index
Frequency translating transponder in ground signal forwarding subsystem needs to complete two main tasks：The reception of L frequency range electric wave
With frequency conversion, the forwarding of VHF frequency range electric wave.Due to ground signal forwarding subsystem it is small in size, and near ultra short wave communication equipment
Relatively close (<10m), the power of frequency conversion forwarding can design smaller and easy to accomplish.The transponder focuses on it to L frequency range electricity
The receiving sensitivity of wave, the signal strength and the frequency range (1.8GHz, 53.85KM) of aerial signal transponder under the conditions of consideration is worst
Radio wave propagation path loss is 132.7dB, is obtained through link calculation：The sensitivity needs of ground frequency converter receiver reach -116.3dBm；
Since the receiving sensitivity of subscriber board is -113dBm, propagation distance is less than 10m, and power amplifier frequency is that 5W is that can reach transmitting-receiving to require.
The present invention is based on the frequency conversion forwarding designs that skill is detectd, and solve the problems, such as trans-regional user concurrent communication.Pass through proposition
The frequency conversion forwarding design detectd based on skill, realize same frequency range plurality of devices signal in region detects the concurrent of receipts and multi-user
Communication.Traditional lift-off platform relay often rises up into the equipment of a same communication system as load in the air, utilizes day
Line is received and is forwarded to the terrestrial user signal of restriction, and point-to-point and a small amount of multiple spot relaying is able to achieve.This patent design
The relaying load of frequency conversion forwarding on 20Km flying height unmanned plane, first detects all signals of same frequency range
Receipts and frequency-conversion processing then utilize transponder and antenna to carry out transparent forwarding.Without grasping communication system, the communication of ground based terminal
Agreement, system are able to achieve plurality of devices, radius 50KM coverage area, surpass 250 user concurrents uses, improve relayed communications energy
Power.
The present invention is based on the designs of aerial alien frequencies forwarding, solve the problems, such as isolation between antennas.By proposing to put down in the sky
Platform carries relaying load and the signal that earth station emits is relayed and forwarded, and is limited to the carrying ability of lift-off platform, load
There will be serious co-channel interference to the direct forwarding of VHF signal, the isolation problem of dual-mode antenna is difficult to solve.Patent mentions
The design scheme of alien frequencies forwarding out, solves the problems, such as isolation between antennas.
The present invention is based on the designs of ground frequency conversion forwarding, solve the problems, such as that communication system is difficult to change.By many years
Development, according to the actual situation, the communication system in each regional, various field have been cured substantially, are difficult in the short time to existing
Communication equipment updated on a large scale.Design of the patent to ground frequency translating transponder so that user be not necessarily to existing device into
The extensive replacement of row need to only increase a small and exquisite, portable ground installation without changing the use habit of communication equipment, so that it may
To support the beyond-the-horizon communication of more ultra short wave communication equipment, solve the problems, such as that communication system is difficult to change.
Implementation method of the invention is explained in detail above in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned realities
Example is applied, it within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art, can also be without departing from the purpose of the present invention
Various changes can be made.The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail can use the prior art.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of frequency translating transponder for detecing technology based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system, it is characterised in that：It includes sky
Middle signal forwarding subsystem and ground signal forward two subsystems；The wherein frequency translating transponder in aerial signal forwarding subsystem
Positioned at the relaying load of unmanned plane, fast search is carried out to uplink signal by antenna and is received, will then detectd the VHF received and believe
The signal for number up-converting to L frequency range, is down forwarded after signal amplifies by antenna；Ground signal forwards the frequency conversion in subsystem
Transponder switchs to former band signal to receive the downlink signal forwarded in the air, by the way that frequency converter transponder is downconverted, and passes through
It is output to antenna after crossing frequency-selecting processing and is forwarded, used for neighbouring ultra short wave communication equipment.
2. a kind of frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Frequency translating transponder in the aerial signal forwarding subsystem is divided into antenna and two parts of communication process：
Antenna detect receipts to the signal of communication that ground installation issues and turns frequency treated transparent forwarding；Frequency translating transponder completes signal
Frequency conversion, amplification and forwarding, be divided into multiple subelements such as frequency-selecting amplification, frequency transformation, local oscillator network, power amplification；Telemetering is distant
Control module be face unmanned plane flight control modules；Wherein, frequency-selecting amplifying unit to detect the electric wave received be filtered and
Amplification, is then provided to frequency conversion unit；Frequency conversion unit is responsible for the electric wave after frequency-selecting upconverting to L frequency range,
Local oscillator network is then responsible for generating local oscillation frequency signal, and power amplification unit is responsible for passing through after finally amplifying the signal after frequency conversion
Antenna down forwards.
3. a kind of frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that：Frequency translating transponder in the aerial signal forwarding subsystem is equipped with power interface, communication interface, radio frequency and connects
Mouth and 1pps interface；Power interface internal battery supports external power supply and battery charging；Communication interface is used to connect data line,
Support local parameter configuration；Radio frequency interface is for connecting antenna；1pps interface is synchronous for internal clocking.
4. a kind of frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that：Frequency translating transponder in the described aerial signal forwarding subsystem first with uplink signal receiving antenna to
The signal that equipment transmitting in family comes up carries out detecing receipts；Then, frequency-selecting amplification module carries out frequency-selecting and low noise to the signal received is detectd
Amplification：Decaying automatic control is carried out to received electric wave first with limiter, obtains positioned at 30M-88MHz frequency range and steady power
Signal and utilize low-noise amplifier carry out first time amplification；Then, frequency-selecting is carried out using 5 rank LC filters, inhibits band outer
Interference signal；It filtered signal and is obtained after automatic level controller part surely through the useful signal of wave detector second extraction
Fixed level；Last signal carries out secondary amplification through amplifier and reaches frequency-variable module；
In frequency-variable module, up-conversion is completed through the amplified electric wave of frequency-selecting：First with Serial Peripheral Interface device
Ensure continuously transmitting from controller information with clock devices；In order to preferably filter out the mixing extra spurious components of bring,
The signal of treated signal is converted to higher frequency section is obtained pure carrier signal by frequency converter；Treated electric wave is through chamber
Amplified again by amplifier after fluid filter filtering frequency-selecting, obtains wanted carrier finally by LC low-pass filter；
In power amplifier module, carrier signal is amplified by power amplifier：It is filtered off in transmission process and is produced by notch filter first
Raw clutter then using ALC device stable level and reaches power amplifier；Due to current general communication equipment transmitting
Signal relative bandwidth is wider, and space link loss is not quite similar during signal is propagated, therefore followed by balanced device to different frequency
Signal made up；Finally, the useful signal that treated signal and wave detector extract is after cavity body filter filters frequency-selecting
It is gone out by aerial radiation.
5. a kind of frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Frequency translating transponder in the ground signal forwarding subsystem is divided into antenna and two portions of frequency translating transponder
Point；Antenna receive and the forwarding after frequency retrieval to the signal after lift-off platform frequency conversion；Frequency translating transponder completes signal
Frequency-selecting amplification and frequency conversion forwarding are divided into frequency-selecting amplification, frequency transformation, local oscillator network, ALC amplification subelement, frequency-selecting amplification and frequency
Rate converter unit completes the filtering and frequency conversion to the electric wave received is detectd, and ALC amplifying unit is used to guarantee when input signal changes,
Maintain power amplifier basicly stable.
6. a kind of frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that：Frequency translating transponder in the ground signal forwarding subsystem is equipped with power interface, communication interface, radio frequency and connects
Mouth and 1pps interface；Power interface internal battery supports external power supply and battery charging；Communication interface is used to connect data line,
Support local parameter configuration；Radio frequency interface is for connecting antenna；1pps interface is synchronous for internal clocking.
7. a kind of frequency translating transponder that technology is detectd based on skill in space base relayed communications enhancing system according to claim 6,
It is characterized in that：Frequency translating transponder in the ground signal forwarding subsystem is first with downstream signal reception antenna to liter
The signal of hollow panel forwarding is received, and filters off out of band signal by cavity body filter, and frequency-selecting amplification module is then to reception
The signal arrived carries out frequency-selecting and low noise amplification：The amplification of first time low noise is carried out to signal by low-noise amplifier first, with
It is carried out automatically controlling afterwards by level of the ALC device to amplified signal, frequency-variable module is finally transferred to by the secondary amplification of amplifier again；
Frequency-variable module carries out frequency-conversion processing to the control signal that frequency-selecting amplification module and main control module transmit：Controller signals pass through
SPI device continuously transmits control information with clock devices realization, and together with through the processed signal of frequency-selecting amplification module
It is transferred to frequency converter；The signal transmitted is carried out down coversion by frequency converter, obtains the carrier wave of clean VHF frequency and through amplifying
Device amplification, is filtered finally by LC low-pass filter；
Power amplifier module carries out power amplification to the signal after frequency conversion：Auto level control is realized to signal by ALC device first
And once amplified by amplifier；Power is then carried out by signal of the balanced device to different frequency and makes up then secondary amplification, is considered
It is higher than local frequency to the intermediate frequency of frequency translating transponder at this time, finally inhibit mixing to bring interference component using 5 rank LC filters,
And signal is sent using antenna.
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| CN112787968A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Low-delay multi-node real-time wireless network transmission method based on radio frequency forwarding |
| CN113452395A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | L frequency channel broadband signal processing device |
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