CN114839102A - Method for measuring water retention of garden herbaceous plants - Google Patents
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- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241001478750 Chlorophytum comosum Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000189144 Sedum lineare Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000383631 Allium lineare Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930195210 Ophiopogon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 244000248557 Ophiopogon japonicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000005319 Sedum acre Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014327 Sedum acre Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N5/02—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring water retention of garden herbaceous plants, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a garden herbaceous plant sampling point to be measured for the water retention; 2) setting a plurality of experimental groups, and simultaneously sampling and separating the soil and herbaceous plants at a sampling point; 3) sampling soil and setting a control group; 4) controlling water for cultivation for 5-15 days; 5) and (4) carrying out simulated rainfall on the experimental group and the control group, and weighing and calculating the amount of the stagnant water after the rainfall. Compared with the prior art, the method can simply and quickly measure the actual water retention of different garden herbaceous plant types, and provides more accurate basic data for urban rainfall flood control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring stagnant water, in particular to a method for measuring stagnant water of garden herbaceous plants.
Background
The utilization of the garden herbaceous plant stagnant water is an important component in natural accumulation, natural permeation and natural purification of sponge cities, however, no report about the garden herbaceous plant stagnant water amount appears in relevant documents about plant stagnant water after rain in research of sponge cities. Although a small amount of research reports about the water retention of the trees in the garden greenbelts, the measurement method of the water retention of the trees is mainly a 'soaking method'. The 'water immersion method' does not consider the water retention of the plant root system and the synergistic water retention generated by the cooperation between the soil and the rhizosphere, and consequently, a larger system error exists. Therefore, the water retention amount of herbaceous plants in large-area roof greening and garden greenbelt is measured and calculated by a water immersion method in work, a large error amount is brought, the development of water retention amount statistics and related planning and design work is not facilitated, and the large error amount even brings great personal and property potential safety hazards.
Meanwhile, in the greening engineering with the requirement of reaching the standard of the water retention amount, how to determine the planting area of the herbaceous plants and how to screen the garden herbaceous plant types with more excellent water retention amount are very practical and troublesome, and in the roof greening, how to ensure that the total weight of the soil and the plants does not exceed the bearing capacity of the roof.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for accurately measuring the amount of the backwater of the garden herbaceous plants.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for measuring the water retention of garden herbaceous plants. The method of the invention is fully utilized to realize the technical approach of 'stagnant' water, can accurately measure the stagnant water quantity of various garden herbaceous plants, reduces the system error of the existing 'soaking method' and related stagnant water quantity calculation methods thereof, and provides more accurate basic data for the formulation of urban rainfall flood control strategies.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring water retention of garden herbaceous plants comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of sampling points of 1.00m multiplied by 1.00m for the same herbaceous plant;
(2) completely taking out the herbaceous plants at each sampling point, strictly separating the herbaceous plants from the soil, and measuring the maximum vertical depth H of the root systems of the herbaceous plants in the soil max ;
(3) Respectively transferring the soil of each sampling point to different culture boxes to serve as an experimental group, so that the thickness of the soil in the culture boxes of the experimental group is H max + 2.00-5.00 cm, and measuring the weight W of the soil by a differential weight method y ;
(4) Planting herbaceous plants of each sampling point in soil of an experimental group incubator correspondingly;
(5) taking the same quality and weight as W near each sampling point y The soil of (a) was put in an incubator as a control group;
(6) carrying out water-controlled cultivation for 5-15 days in an incubator of the experimental group and the control group of each sampling point indoors;
(7) calculating the fresh weight W of the herbaceous plant after water control cultivation at each sampling point by a difference weight method x Experimental group incubator weight W s0 Control group incubator weight W d0 ;
(8) Simulating rainfall to the incubator of each sampling point experiment group and the control group after water control cultivation until water permeates into the water storage tank positioned at the bottom of the incubator, weighing after the water seepage stops, and calculating the actual rainfall retardation W of herbaceous plants at each sampling point after rain as the weight W of the incubator of the experiment group s1 Control group incubator weight W d1 Fresh weight of plant W x Finally, calculating the average value of the actual water retention of the herbaceous plants after rain at all sampling points to obtain the actual water retention W of the herbaceous plants per square meter z 。
Further, the sampling points are selected in 5-10 months in the step (1), and a planting area of 1.00m multiplied by 1.00m is randomly selected as the sampling points from the single garden herbaceous plant population without weeds and insect pests.
Furthermore, in the step (2), the herbaceous plants at each sampling point are strictly separated from the soil by adopting a method of rinsing with clear water.
Further, the water-controlled cultivation in the step (6) comprises the following steps: moving the incubators of the experimental group and the control group to a room with the air humidity of 40-80% and the temperature of 20-25 ℃, simulating rainfall irrigation, and culturing for 5-15 days after water penetration, wherein watering is not needed.
Furthermore, during the period of water control cultivation, after the herbaceous plant recovers normal growth and the soil lacks water to cause the plant to begin wilting, simulated rainfall is carried out, and the rainfall intensity is the average rainfall intensity in the experimental area.
Furthermore, the rainfall simulation is realized by artificial rainfall simulation device, artificial rainfall simulation device is including the stagnant water tank, filter, water pump, water pipe and imitative rainwater shower nozzle that link to each other in proper order, imitative rainwater shower nozzle stretches into in the incubator and fixes the top above that.
Further, a separate switch is arranged on the stagnant water tank to prevent pressure overload.
Further, the incubator is the clear glass case, clear glass roof face sets up detachable glass lid, and imitative rain shower nozzle passes the glass lid and stretches into to the clear glass incasement, the surface of clear glass case is equipped with the scale, and the bottom four corners of clear glass case is equipped with the delivery port, and every be equipped with the filter screen on the delivery port.
Further, the storage water tank is a transparent tank body, the scales of the storage water tank are arranged on the outer surface of the transparent tank body, a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the storage water tank, and a filter screen is arranged on the water outlet.
Has the advantages that:
1) the invention provides a method for measuring the water retention amount of garden herbaceous plants, which can measure the water retention amount of the garden herbaceous plants after rain in roof greening and other landscaping and provide key scientific data for the formulation of an urban rainfall flood control strategy;
2) the method is simple to operate, the actual water retention amount of the garden herbaceous plants after rain can be quickly measured, and the types of the garden herbaceous plants such as roof greening, ground cover and the like with the optimal water retention effect are compared;
3) the stagnant water volume of gardens herbaceous plant can accurately be calculated, in the simulation estimation of the stagnant water volume of afforestation gardens herbaceous plants such as large tracts of land roof, ground quilt, its systematic error is little.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of measuring water retention of herbaceous plants in garden according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of technical means, characteristics of creation, objectives and functions realized by the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to be exhaustive. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for measuring the water retention of garden herbs comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of sampling points of 1.00m multiplied by 1.00m for the same herbaceous plant; and selecting the sampling points in 5-10 months, and randomly selecting a planting area of 1.00m multiplied by 1.00m from a single garden herbaceous plant population without weeds and insect pests as the sampling points.
(2) Completely taking out the herbaceous plants at each sampling point, strictly separating the herbaceous plants at each sampling point from the soil by adopting a method of washing with clear water, and measuring the maximum vertical depth H of the root systems of the herbaceous plants in the soil max ;
(3) Respectively transferring the soil of each sampling point to different culture boxes to serve as an experimental group, so that the thickness of the soil in the culture boxes of the experimental group is H max + 2.00-5.00 cm, and measuring the weight W of the soil by a differential weight method y ;
(4) Planting herbaceous plants of each sampling point in soil of an experimental group incubator correspondingly;
(5) taking the weight of the sample to be W and the homogeneity of the sample in the vicinity of each sampling point y The soil of (a) was put in an incubator as a control group;
(6) carrying out water-controlled cultivation for 5-15 days in an incubator of the experimental group and the control group of each sampling point indoors; moving the incubators of the experimental group and the control group to a room with the air humidity of 40-80% and the temperature of 20-25 ℃, simulating rainfall irrigation, and culturing for 5-15 days after water penetration, wherein watering is not needed.
During the period of water control cultivation, after the herbaceous plants recover normal growth, and when the plants begin to wither due to water shortage of soil, simulated rainfall is carried out, and the average rainfall intensity in an experimental area is selected as the rainfall intensity.
(7) Calculating the fresh weight W of the herbaceous plant after water control cultivation at each sampling point by a difference weight method x Experimental group incubator weight W s0 Control group incubator weight W d0 ;
(8) For each sampling point experimental group and control group after water control cultivationThe incubator rainfall simulation until there is water infiltration to the storage water tank that is located the incubator bottom, wait to seep water and stop the back and weigh, calculate the actual stagnant water volume W behind the rain of every sampling point herbaceous plant for experimental group incubator weight W s1 Control group incubator weight W d1 Fresh weight of plant W x Finally, calculating the average value of the actual water retention of the herbaceous plants after rain at all sampling points to obtain the actual water retention W of the herbaceous plants per square meter z 。
The rainfall simulation in the step (6) and the step (8) is realized by an artificial rainfall simulation device, the artificial rainfall simulation device comprises a water retention tank, a filter, a water pump, a water pipe and a rainwater-imitating spray head which are sequentially connected, and the rainwater-imitating spray head extends into the incubator and is fixed at the upper part of the incubator. Wherein a separate switch is arranged on the stagnant water tank to prevent pressure overload.
Specifically, the incubator is a transparent glass box, specifically is a cube container of 1.00m (1 m long, 1 m wide and 1 m high), and the top surface of the transparent glass box is provided with a detachable glass cover, and the glass cover, the incubator and the water storage box are connected through a rubber adhesive tape, so that the device is convenient to disassemble and assemble, the cost is low, and the use is convenient. The rain-imitating SPRAY head penetrates through the glass cover and extends into the transparent glass box, the maximum bearing pressure of the rain-imitating SPRAY head is 0.80MPa, an HH-W SPRAY head of SPRAY company in America can be connected to the glass cover, and the SPRAY head with the pressure of 0.30Mp and the flow rate of 4.80 L.min < -1 > is selected for carrying out artificial rainfall operation in the material box. The surface of transparent glass case is equipped with the scale, and the scale is accurate to the millimeter to do benefit to the observation, also effectively guaranteed the accuracy of experiment. The four corners of the bottom of the transparent glass box are provided with water outlets, which is beneficial to water flowing to the four water outlets around the soil box, and each water outlet is provided with a filter screen, and only water molecules are allowed to pass through and flow into the water storage tank at the bottom.
Specifically, the water storage tank is also a transparent box body and is a cuboid container with the length of 1.00m multiplied by 0.50m (the length is 1 m, the width is 1 m, and the height is 0.5 m), the scales of the water storage tank are arranged on the outer surface of the transparent box body, the scales are accurate to millimeters, the bottom of the water storage tank is provided with water outlets, each water outlet is provided with a filter screen for water seepage but not filtering out soil, and the water storage tank can observe the water retention amount of plants.
According to the method, 3 herbaceous plants including chlorophytum comosum, radix ophiopogonis and sedum lineare are selected to measure the water retention capacity of the herbaceous plants, wherein 3 sampling points are selected for each herbaceous plant, and the maximum vertical depth H of the herbaceous plant root system in the soil is measured max 10.00cm, the thickness of the soil in the incubator is H max +5 cm-15.00 cm, weight W of soil y The weight of the incubator in the experimental group-the net weight of the incubator is 635080.00-500000.00-135080.00 g, and the rainfall intensity in the simulated rainfall process is assumed to be 30.00mm of daily average larger rainfall intensity in Kunming areas.
The results were as follows:
example 1 measurement of Water-holding Capacity of Garden herbaceous plant radix Ophiopogonis
Fresh weight of plant W x Weight W of incubator set as experimental group s0 Control group incubator weight W d0 ;
W x1 =639150.00-635080.00=4070.00g
W x2 =639180.55-635080.00=4100.55g
W x3 =639178.73-635080.00=4098.73g
Actual water retention after rain W is equal to the weight W of the experimental group incubator s1 Control group incubator weight W d1 Fresh weight of plant W x ;
W 1 =698300.00-692410.00-4070.00=1820.57g
W 2 =695446.68-689488.74-4100.55=1857.39g
W 3 =697503.19-691561.34-4098.73=1843.12g
Water retention of ophiopogon root z =(W 1 +W 2 +W 3 )/3=(1820.57+1857.39+1843.12)
1840.36g, namely the water retention amount of each square meter of radix ophiopogonis is 1840.36g/m 2 。
Example 2 measurement of the amount of Water retained in Sedum lineare (A. lineare) Hatch, a roof greening herbaceous plant
Fresh weight of plant W x Experimental group incubator weight W s0 Control group incubator weight W d0 ;
W x1 =639800.00-635080.00=4720.00(g)
W x2 =639805.31-635080.00=4725.31(g)
W x3 =639778.73-635080.00=4698.73(g)
Actual water retention after rain W is equal to the weight W of the experimental group incubator s1 Control group incubator weight W d1 Fresh weight of plant W x ;
W 1 =707950.00-701000.00-4720.00=2230.64g
W 2 =709057.41-702133.14-4725.31=2198.96g
W 3 =707877.23-700964.65-4698.73=2213.85g
Water retention W of sedum lineare z =(W 1 +W 2 +W 3 ) (2230.64+2198.96+ 2213.85)/3-2214.48 g, namely the water retention amount of the linear stonecrop herb is 2214.48g/m 2 。
Example 3 measurement of the Water holding Capacity of landscape herbaceous plant Chlorophytum comosum
Fresh weight of plant W x Experimental group incubator weight W s0 Control group incubator weight W d0 ;
W x1 =635490.55-635080.00=4100.55g
W x2 =639178.73-635080.00=4098.73g
W x3 =639470.00-635080.00=4390.00g
Actual water retention after rain W is equal to the weight W of the experimental group incubator s1 Control group incubator weight W d1 Fresh weight of plant W x ;
W 1 =697884.25-691705.76-4100.55=2077.94g
W 2 =698044.78-691912.29-4098.73=2033.76g
W 3 =700460.00-694000.00-4390.00=2070.61g
Water retention W of chlorophytum comosum z =(W 1 +W 2 +W 3 )/3=(2077.94+2033.76+2070.61)
2060.77g, namely the water retention amount per square meter of chlorophytum comosum is g/m 2 。
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention described herein, and such modifications and substitutions should also be considered as the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring water retention of garden herbaceous plants is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of sampling points of 1.00m multiplied by 1.00m for the same herbaceous plant;
(2) completely taking out the herbaceous plants at each sampling point, strictly separating the herbaceous plants from the soil, and measuring the maximum vertical depth H of the root systems of the herbaceous plants in the soil max ;
(3) Respectively transferring the soil of each sampling point to different culture boxes to serve as an experimental group, so that the thickness of the soil in the culture boxes of the experimental group is H max + 2.00-5.00 cm, and measuring the weight W of the soil by a differential weight method y ;
(4) Planting herbaceous plants of each sampling point in soil of an experimental group incubator correspondingly;
(5) taking the weight of the sample to be W and the homogeneity of the sample in the vicinity of each sampling point y The soil of (a) was put in an incubator as a control group;
(6) carrying out water-controlled cultivation for 5-15 days in an incubator of the experimental group and the control group of each sampling point indoors;
(7) calculating the fresh weight W of the herbaceous plant after water control cultivation at each sampling point by a difference weight method x Experimental group incubator weight W s0 Control group incubator weight W d0 ;
(8) Simulating rainfall in the incubator with each sampling point experimental group and the control group after water control cultivation until water seeps into the water storage tank at the bottom of the incubator, weighing after water seepage stops, and calculating the actual rainfall retardation W of herbaceous plants at each sampling point after rain as the weight W of the incubator in the experimental group s1 Control group incubator weight W d1 Fresh weight of plant W x Finally, calculating the average value of the actual water retention of the herbaceous plants at all sampling points after rain to obtain the grass of every square meterActual water retention W of this plant z 。
2. The method for measuring the water retention of garden herbs according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the sampling points are selected in 5-10 months, and a planting area of 1.00m multiplied by 1.00m is randomly selected as the sampling points from a single garden herbaceous plant population without weeds and insect pests.
3. The method for measuring the water retention of garden herbs according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) strictly separating the herbaceous plants at each sampling point from the soil by adopting a method of washing with clear water in the step (2).
4. The method for measuring the water retention of garden herbs according to claim 1, wherein: the water-controlled cultivation in the step (6) comprises the following steps: moving the incubators of the experimental group and the control group to a room with the air humidity of 40-80% and the temperature of 20-25 ℃, simulating rainfall irrigation, and culturing for 5-15 days after water penetration, wherein watering is not needed.
5. The method for measuring the water retention capacity of garden herbaceous plants as claimed in claim 4, wherein: during the period of water control cultivation, after the herbaceous plants recover normal growth, and when the plants begin to wither due to water shortage of soil, simulated rainfall is carried out, and the average rainfall intensity in an experimental area is selected as the rainfall intensity.
6. The method for measuring the water retention of garden herbs according to any one of claims 1 and 4-5, wherein: the rainfall simulation is realized by artificial rainfall analogue means, artificial rainfall analogue means is including the stagnant water tank, filter, water pump, water pipe and the imitative rainwater shower nozzle that link to each other in proper order, imitative rainwater shower nozzle stretches into in the incubator and fixes the portion above that.
7. The method for measuring the water retention of garden herbs according to claim 6, wherein: a separate switch is arranged on the water retention tank to prevent pressure overload.
8. The method for measuring the water retention of garden herbs according to claim 6, wherein: the incubator is the clear glass case, clear glass roof face sets up detachable glass lid, and imitative rain shower nozzle passes the glass lid and stretches into to the clear glass incasement, the surface of clear glass case is equipped with the scale, and the bottom four corners of clear glass case is equipped with the delivery port, and every be equipped with the filter screen on the delivery port.
9. The method for measuring the water retention of garden herbs according to claim 6, wherein: the water storage tank is a transparent tank body, the scales of the water storage tank are arranged on the outer surface of the transparent tank body, the bottom of the water storage tank is provided with a water outlet, and a filter screen is arranged on the water outlet.
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