CN114838350A - Low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace - Google Patents

Low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114838350A
CN114838350A CN202210518667.5A CN202210518667A CN114838350A CN 114838350 A CN114838350 A CN 114838350A CN 202210518667 A CN202210518667 A CN 202210518667A CN 114838350 A CN114838350 A CN 114838350A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
water
combustion chamber
hearth
cooled
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210518667.5A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
冯之军
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CN202210518667.5A priority Critical patent/CN114838350A/en
Publication of CN114838350A publication Critical patent/CN114838350A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/22—Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-heat value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace, which is technically characterized in that: the feeding mechanism is arranged in the middle of the main bed combustion chamber; the water-cooled hearth is arranged at the lower part of the main hearth combustion chamber, the lower part of the water-cooled hearth is provided with a high-pressure fan with an upward air outlet, and the water-cooled hearth is connected with a slag grate at the rear end of the water-cooled hearth; the front end of the water-cooled hearth is provided with an ash pushing mechanism and a combustion chamber gas sealing element which are fixed on the outer furnace wall of the combustion chamber of the main hearth, and the ash pushing mechanism is provided with an ash pushing plate which moves to the upper surface of the water-cooled hearth; according to the invention, the fuel is dried and ignited by high-temperature flue gas in the descending process, falls on the fire bed above the water-cooled hearth, is blown by high-pressure air to carry out secondary ignition, and forms a new fire bed after ignition, so that the problems of ignition and combustion of low-calorific-value biomass are solved.

Description

Low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion furnaces, and particularly relates to a low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace.
Background
Existing burners fall into three general categories: the biomass fluidized bed boiler has the advantages that low-calorific-value biomass can be burned, and the efficiency is high; the disadvantages are that the biomass with low ash melting point can not be burnt and the variable load capability is poor. Secondly, the biomass layer combustion reciprocating grate boiler has the advantages that the biomass with low ash melting point can be combusted, and the boiler can be shut down at any time; the disadvantages are that biomass with low calorific value cannot be burned and the furnace efficiency is generally low. Thirdly, the vibrating water-cooling hearth furnace has the advantages that the biomass with low heat value and low ash melting point can be burned; the disadvantages are high cost, low efficiency and no miniaturization.
In the practical production, low-heat-value biomass is very common and low in cost, such as corn straws, fruit tree pruning, edible fungus waste materials, furfural residues and the like, and the purposes of burning the low-heat-value biomass, improving the combustion efficiency and improving the variable load capacity of a furnace are the purposes of researching and developing a biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace, which solves the problem of high combustion efficiency combustion of low-calorific-value biomass.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a low heat value living beings semi-fluidized bed composite grate fires burning furnace, including the vice combustion chamber that has slag grates, slag arch and slag pit, the main bed combustion chamber with vice combustion chamber intercommunication, the heat transfer room with main bed combustion chamber intercommunication, the outlet flue of setting on the heat transfer room outer wall, the water-cooling hearth of setting in main bed combustion chamber inside, the plenum of setting below the water-cooling hearth, fix the feed mechanism on the outer furnace wall of main bed combustion chamber, the burning material of low heat value living beings, its technical essential is: the feeding mechanism is arranged in the middle of the main bed combustion chamber; the water-cooled hearth is obliquely arranged at the lower part of the main hearth combustion chamber, the lower part of the water-cooled hearth is provided with a high-pressure fan with an upward air outlet, and the water-cooled hearth is connected with a slag grate at the rear end of the water-cooled hearth; an ash pushing mechanism is arranged on the outer furnace wall of the main bed combustion chamber at the front end of the water-cooled furnace bed, and an ash pushing plate moving to the upper surface of the water-cooled furnace bed is arranged on the ash pushing mechanism; the upper part of the ash pushing mechanism is connected with a combustion chamber gas sealing element; the upper part of the main bed combustion chamber is provided with a main combustion chamber flue gas outlet communicated with the heat exchange chamber.
Furthermore, the ash pushing plate is a cuboid, and a water-cooled tube is arranged in the ash pushing plate.
Further, the combustion chamber gas sealing element comprises a sealing high-pressure fan arranged in the combustion chamber gas sealing element, and an air outlet of the sealing high-pressure fan is communicated with the main bed combustion chamber on the upper part of the water-cooling hearth
Furthermore, the slag grate is a traveling grate, a reciprocating grate or a water-cooled grate.
Furthermore, the water-cooled hearth comprises water-cooled tubes arranged in the water-cooled hearth side by side, connecting header boxes transversely arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the water-cooled hearth, and connecting plates arranged between the water-cooled tubes; and an air outlet of the high-pressure fan is arranged on the connecting plate.
Further, the low-calorific-value biomass material is corn straw, fruit tree pruning, edible fungus waste or furfural residue.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the hearth is burnt by high-pressure air of the water-cooled hearth, a blast cap at the top of the hearth is eliminated, and the water-cooled hearth is adopted, so that the loss of the blast cap after the furnace is shut down is avoided, and the furnace can be shut down at any time; the ash pushing plate which can move to the outside and is provided with water cooling is utilized to prevent the ash pushing plate from being burnt in the main bed at high temperature; the base material is not added in the fire bed, the fuel is directly added on the fire bed, and a new fire bed is formed after ignition; the feeding amount and the high-pressure air distribution are adjusted through load change, and the high-efficiency combustion rate under the low-load condition is ensured; the low-heat-value biomass such as corn straw, fruit tree pruning, edible fungus waste, furfural residue and the like are selected as combustion materials, so that the method is very common and has low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vertical structure of the present invention.
The sequence numbers of the main parts in the figure illustrate that: 1. water cooling the hearth; 2. pushing the ash plate; 3. a dust pushing mechanism; 4. a combustion chamber gas seal; 5. an outer furnace wall of the main bed combustion chamber; 6. a feeding mechanism; 7. a feed hopper; 8. a main bed combustion chamber; 9. a flue gas outlet of the main combustion chamber; 10. the inner furnace wall of the main bed combustion chamber; 11. a heat exchange chamber; 12. a smoke outlet; 13. slag rear wall; 14. slag arches; 15. discharging a slag pit; 16. slag grate; 17. a secondary combustion chamber; 18. and (4) an air chamber.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 by way of specific examples.
Examples
The low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace comprises an auxiliary combustion chamber 17 with slag grates 16 and slag arches 14 and a slag pit 15, a main bed combustion chamber 8 communicated with the auxiliary combustion chamber, a heat exchange chamber 11 communicated with the main bed combustion chamber, a smoke outlet 12 arranged on the outer wall of the heat exchange chamber, a water-cooling furnace bed 1 arranged inside the main bed combustion chamber, an air chamber 18 arranged below the water-cooling furnace bed, a feeding mechanism 6 fixed on the outer furnace wall of the main bed combustion chamber, and low-calorific-value biomass combustion products, wherein: a feeding mechanism with a feeding hopper 7 is arranged in the middle of the main bed combustion chamber; the water-cooled hearth is obliquely arranged at the lower part of the main hearth combustion chamber, and comprises water-cooled tubes arranged in the water-cooled hearth side by side, connecting header boxes transversely arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the water-cooled hearth, and connecting plates arranged between the water-cooled tubes; a high-pressure fan with an upward air outlet is arranged at the lower part of the water-cooling hearth, and the air outlet of the high-pressure fan is arranged on the connecting plate; the water-cooled furnace hearth is connected with slag furnace grates at the rear end of the water-cooled furnace hearth, the slag furnace grate is a chain furnace grate, a reciprocating furnace grate or a water-cooled furnace grate, and a slag outlet pit is arranged below the rear end of the slag furnace grate; an ash pushing mechanism 3 is arranged on the outer furnace wall of the main bed combustion chamber at the front end of the water-cooled furnace bed, an ash pushing plate 2 moving to the upper surface of the water-cooled furnace bed is arranged on the ash pushing mechanism, the ash pushing plate is cuboid, and when ash is pushed, the ash can move to the inside of the main bed combustion chamber to push the ash on the water-cooled furnace bed to move to a slag fire grate; when the ash is not pushed, the ash is moved back to the outside of the main bed combustion chamber, and in order to prevent the ash pushing plate from being burnt at high temperature in the main bed combustion chamber, a water-cooling pipe is arranged in the ash pushing plate and is cooled by water; the upper part of the ash pushing mechanism is connected with a combustion chamber gas sealing element 4, the combustion chamber gas sealing element comprises a sealing high-pressure fan arranged in the combustion chamber gas sealing element, an air outlet of the sealing high-pressure fan is communicated with a main bed combustion chamber on the upper part of the water-cooled hearth, and the combustion chamber gas sealing element mainly prevents gas of the main bed combustion chamber from leaking outwards; a main combustion chamber flue gas outlet 9 communicated with the heat exchange chamber is arranged on the inner furnace wall 10 of the main bed combustion chamber at the upper part of the main bed combustion chamber; the combustion material of the low-heat value biomass is corn straw, fruit tree pruning, edible fungus waste or furfural residue.
The work flow of the invention;
when in ignition, the feeding hopper 7 is added with combustion materials of low-heat value biomass, the combustion materials are transported into the main bed combustion chamber 8 through the feeding mechanism 6 and fall onto the water-cooled furnace bed 1, and then the ignition is carried out. When the temperature of the hearth reaches about 900 ℃, feeding is carried out through a feeding mechanism, the materials are contacted with high-temperature flame for drying, ignition and combustion in the falling process, the fuel continues to be dried, ignited and combusted after falling onto a fire bed, a new fire bed is formed after combustion, high-pressure air is supplied to the lower part of the water-cooled fire bed to penetrate through the fire bed and the newly added combustion materials on the upper part, and ash, small-particle ash and small-particle fuel which are not combusted in the fire bed are blown into a combustion chamber of a main bed to be combusted together with the falling fuel, so that the combustion state of big wind and big fire is formed. Ash burnt by the water-cooled hearth is periodically pushed to slag on a slag grate 16 of the auxiliary combustion chamber 17 by an ash pushing plate 2, slag is pushed into a slag discharging pit 15 by a slag furnace, and the ash pushing plate can move to the inside of the main bed combustion chamber to push ash on the water-cooled hearth to move to a slag grate when pushing ash; when the ash is not pushed, the ash is retreated to the outside of the main bed combustion chamber. The high-temperature flame is discharged from the smoke outlet 9 of the main combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber 11 after heat exchange.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the combustion materials are low-heat value biomass, such as corn straws, fruit tree pruning, edible fungus waste, furfural residues and the like.
The combustion mode is different from that of the fluidized bed combustion technology, the hearth of the semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion technology is not added with a bottom material, fuel is directly added on the hearth, and a new hearth is formed after ignition; the fuel newly added into the furnace contacts with the burning high-temperature flue gas in the falling process to be quickly dried and ignited to form air volume burning; the high-pressure air is arranged in a subarea manner, and the air quantity is adjusted by the frequency conversion control of a plurality of high-pressure fans; the high-pressure wind does not throw all the materials on the bed to the air for fluidized combustion like a fluidized bed, but only penetrates through the fire bed and the fuel, and only throws ash, small-particle carbon and small-size biomass fuel which are not burnt out on the fire bed to the air for fluidized combustion to form a combustion state of strong wind and strong fire with the falling materials.
The blast cap on the hearth is cancelled, the water-cooled hearth which is obliquely and fixedly arranged is adopted, the blast cap is prevented from being burnt when the furnace is shut down, and high-pressure air outlets are distributed on the hearth; the front side of the hearth is provided with an ash pushing mechanism and a sealing element, the ash pushing mechanism is connected with an ash pushing plate, and the motion direction of the ash pushing plate is parallel to the inclined surface of the water-cooled hearth and is positioned on the surface of the hearth. When the ash pushing plate pushes ash, the ash pushing plate can move to the inside of the main bed combustion chamber to push the ash on the hearth to move towards the slag fire grate; when the ash is not pushed, the ash moves back to the outside of the main bed combustion chamber, and in order to prevent the ash pushing plate from being burnt at high temperature in the main bed combustion chamber, the interior of the ash pushing plate is cooled by water cooling. The burnt biomass is pushed to a slag grate of through an ash pushing mechanism to form slag, and the slag is discharged into a slag discharging pit through a slag furnace of slag after being burnt out. The combustion chamber gas seal prevents leakage of the main combustion chamber gas.
The hearth is burnt by water-cooled hearth high-pressure air, so that the burning temperature on the hearth is reduced, the problems of low melting point of biomass ash, air blocking caps and furnace shutdown burning loss caps are solved, and the furnace can be shut down at any time; meanwhile, the feeding amount and the air distribution can be adjusted according to the load change, and the problem of low combustion efficiency under the low-load condition is solved.
The biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion technology can not only efficiently combust low-calorific value biomass fuel, but also shut down the furnace at any time, has high temperature rise speed, and is particularly suitable for occasions with large load change. And the invention can be applied to the combustion of solid wastes.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a compound grate of low heat value living beings semi-fluidized bed fires burning furnace, including having slag grates, slag arch and the accessory combustion chamber of slagging tap hole, the main bed combustion chamber with accessory combustion chamber intercommunication, the heat transfer room with main bed combustion chamber intercommunication, the outlet flue of setting on the heat transfer room outer wall, the water-cooling hearth of setting in main bed combustion chamber inside, the plenum of setting below the water-cooling hearth, fix the feed mechanism on the outer brickwork of main bed combustion chamber, the burning material of low heat value living beings, its characterized in that: the feeding mechanism is arranged in the middle of the main bed combustion chamber; the water-cooled hearth is obliquely arranged at the lower part of the main hearth combustion chamber, the lower part of the water-cooled hearth is provided with a high-pressure fan with an upward air outlet, and the water-cooled hearth is connected with a slag grate at the rear end of the water-cooled hearth; an ash pushing mechanism is arranged on the outer furnace wall of the main bed combustion chamber at the front end of the water-cooled furnace bed, and an ash pushing plate moving to the upper surface of the water-cooled furnace bed is arranged on the ash pushing mechanism; the upper part of the ash pushing mechanism is connected with a combustion chamber gas sealing element; the upper part of the main bed combustion chamber is provided with a main combustion chamber flue gas outlet communicated with the heat exchange chamber.
2. The low heating value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate furnace of claim 1, wherein: the ash pushing plate is a cuboid, and a water-cooled tube is arranged in the ash pushing plate.
3. The low heating value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate furnace of claim 1, wherein: the combustion chamber gas sealing element comprises a sealing high-pressure fan arranged in the combustion chamber gas sealing element, and an air outlet of the sealing high-pressure fan is communicated with the main bed combustion chamber on the upper part of the water-cooling hearth.
4. The low heating value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate furnace of claim 1, wherein: the slag grate is a traveling grate, a reciprocating grate or a water-cooling grate.
5. The low heating value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate furnace of claim 1, wherein: the water-cooled hearth comprises water-cooled tubes arranged in the water-cooled hearth side by side, connecting header boxes transversely arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the water-cooled hearth, and connecting plates arranged between the water-cooled tubes; and an air outlet of the high-pressure fan is arranged on the connecting plate.
6. The low heating value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate furnace of claim 1, wherein: the low-calorific-value biomass material is corn straw, fruit tree pruning, edible fungus waste or furfural residue.
CN202210518667.5A 2022-05-13 2022-05-13 Low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace Pending CN114838350A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210518667.5A CN114838350A (en) 2022-05-13 2022-05-13 Low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210518667.5A CN114838350A (en) 2022-05-13 2022-05-13 Low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114838350A true CN114838350A (en) 2022-08-02

Family

ID=82568950

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210518667.5A Pending CN114838350A (en) 2022-05-13 2022-05-13 Low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114838350A (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103017145B (en) Efficient segmentation control combustion method and system for biomass boiler with charcoal combustion cell
CN105444183B (en) Stoker fired grate formula rubbish list furnace gas CIU and its processing method
CN108758651A (en) A kind of circulating fluidized bed boiler suitable for waste incineration
CN111853810A (en) Thermal control type household garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator
CN105402736B (en) Double-deck stoker fired grate formula refuse gasification CIU and its processing method
CN216131907U (en) Biomass fuel burning corner tube type steam boiler
CN105402735A (en) Mechanical grate type waste gasifying incinerator and processing method thereof
CN114838350A (en) Low-calorific-value biomass semi-fluidized bed composite grate combustion furnace
CN215062219U (en) Household straw briquette fuel stove
CN215570554U (en) Device for eliminating smoke dust of high-smoke solid fuel by aid of plasma flame combustion supporting
CN212481305U (en) Thermal control type household garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator
CN212298956U (en) Circulating fluidized bed boiler using semi coke or natural gas as fuel
CN205261570U (en) Double -deck mechanical stoker formula waste gasification burns burning furnace
CN212644614U (en) Combustion device of garbage incinerator
CN209836100U (en) Biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler and gasifier coupling power generation co-production active carbon system
CN111006201A (en) Biomass burner
CN212481303U (en) Household garbage pyrolysis gasification layered chain grate furnace
CN105465792A (en) Circulating air supply system of mechanical fire gate type waste gasification incinerator
CN111765475A (en) Circulating fluidized bed waste incineration boiler based on fire grate and working method thereof
CN205261571U (en) Mechanical stoker formula waste gasification burns burning furnace
CN219367598U (en) Direct-fired industrial boiler for high-moisture organic waste
CN111849560B (en) Device and method for combined production of biochar by coupling gasification of reciprocating grate with coal-fired power generation
CN217843891U (en) Boiler suitable for direct combustion of whole bundle of straws
CN218095908U (en) Coal-fired industrial boiler of semi-gasification combined combustion
CN110617622A (en) Biomass three-combustion-chamber all-steel energy-saving hot blast stove

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination