CN114837645A - Device and method for researching migration-blocking process of temporary blocking agent in hydraulic fracture - Google Patents
Device and method for researching migration-blocking process of temporary blocking agent in hydraulic fracture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for researching the migration-blocking process of a temporary blocking agent in a hydraulic fracture, wherein the device comprises a clean water tank, a constant flow pump, a mixing tank, a visual hydraulic fracture simulation device, a recovery tank and a high-speed camera; the mixing tank is internally provided with a middle piston which divides the mixing tank into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part of the mixing tank is internally provided with a stirring device, and the lower part of the mixing tank is sequentially communicated with the constant flow pump and the clean water tank through pipelines; the upper part of the mixing tank is sequentially communicated with the visual crack simulation device and the recovery tank through pipelines; the high-speed camera is arranged beside the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device. The invention can directly observe the temporary plugging process of the temporary plugging agent in the fracture with dynamically changed hydraulic fracture width. Meanwhile, high-definition images acquired based on the experimental device are processed, and the change characteristics of the concentration and aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging agent migration-plugging process can be obtained quantitatively.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for researching migration-blocking process of a temporary blocking agent in a hydraulic fracture, belonging to the field of petroleum engineering.
Background
The temporary blocking and fracturing technology in the hydraulic fracture is a key technology for effectively reducing the risk of inter-well pressure cluster in the process of shale gas reservoir and tight sandstone gas reservoir in the hydraulic fracturing and improving the swept area of the hydraulic fracture. The technology generally refers to that fracturing fluid is adopted to carry a temporary plugging agent into a hydraulic fracture, then the temporary plugging agent is transported, bridged, settled and captured in the hydraulic fracture, and finally a temporary plugging layer is formed in the hydraulic fracture so as to realize temporary plugging of the hydraulic fracture. However, the research on a series of temporary plugging agent migration-plugging processes of the temporary plugging agent in the hydraulic fracture is not clear at present, so that scientific guidance for selection of temporary plugging fracturing construction parameters in the hydraulic fracture in an oil field site is lacked.
The development of the temporary plugging experiment in the hydraulic fracture is an important means for researching the temporary plugging behavior of the temporary plugging agent in the hydraulic fracture under different experimental conditions. The hydraulic fracture temporary plugging experimental device generally comprises a fracture system, a hybrid system, a power system, a pipeline system and the like, but the difference is mainly reflected on the fracture system, so the experimental device can be divided into four types from the aspect of the difference of the fracture system: planar Fracture experimental apparatus (Ahmed M. Gomaa, et al. Experimental Investigation of Particulate divider Used to Enhance Fracture Complexity [ J ]. SPE-178983-MS); a parallel crack experimental device (Wang soldier. research on temporary plugging and steering mechanism and steering law of hydraulic fracture crack [ D ]. China university of Petroleum (Beijing), 2017); a wedge-shaped fracture experimental device (Qieusong. drilling fluid compact pressure-bearing fracture plugging mechanism and optimization design [ J ]. Petroleum institute, 2016(z2) ]); a real crack experimental device (Wangbo. temporary plugging fracture plugging and steering law research [ D ]. China university of Petroleum (Beijing), 2019). Based on a series of researches carried out by the conventional temporary plugging experimental device in the hydraulic fracture, the temporary plugging behavior of the temporary plugging agent in the hydraulic fracture is analyzed to a certain extent. But the experimental device is difficult to be used for researching the temporary plugging process of the temporary plugging agent in the dynamic hydraulic fracture; it is also difficult to quantitatively characterize the temporary plugging agent migration-plugging process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for researching the migration-blocking process of the temporary blocking agent in the hydraulic fracture.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the device for researching the migration-blocking process of the temporary blocking agent in the hydraulic fracture comprises a clean water tank, a constant flow pump, a mixing tank, a visual hydraulic fracture simulation device, a recovery tank and a high-speed camera; the mixing tank is internally provided with a middle piston which divides the mixing tank into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part of the mixing tank is internally provided with a stirring device, and the lower part of the mixing tank is sequentially communicated with the constant flow pump and the clean water tank through pipelines; the upper part of the mixing tank is sequentially communicated with the visual crack simulation device and the recovery tank through pipelines; the high-speed camera is arranged beside the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device and is used for recording videos and images of the temporary plugging agent migration-plugging process in the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device in real time.
The visual hydraulic fracture simulation device comprises a holder, two visual fracture plates and a visual dynamic change piston, wherein the left end and the right end of each of the two visual fracture plates are vertically held in the holder, the upper end and the lower end of each of the two visual fracture plates are respectively provided with the visual dynamic change piston, and a gap between the two visual fracture plates simulates a vertical hydraulic fracture.
A first pressure gauge is arranged between the constant flow pump and the mixing tank.
A second flowmeter and a second pressure gauge are arranged between the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device and the mixing tank; and a third pressure gauge and a third flow meter are arranged between the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device and the recovery tank.
The further technical scheme is that a heating device is arranged on the mixing tank, the heating device wraps the whole mixing tank in an inductive heating mode, and the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid mixed liquid are fully heated.
An experimental method for researching migration-blocking process of a temporary blocking agent in a hydraulic fracture comprises the following steps:
step S1, adding the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid into the upper part of the mixing tank, and opening a stirring device to stir the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid to fully mix the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid;
s2, injecting clean water in a clean water tank into the lower part of the mixing tank through a constant flow pump, extruding a middle piston by the clean water, and injecting a mixed liquid of a temporary plugging agent and a fracturing fluid on the upper part of the mixing pipe into the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device;
s3, carrying out a temporary plugging process on the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid mixed liquid in the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device, and simultaneously recording the migration-plugging process of the temporary plugging agent in the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device in real time through a high-speed camera to obtain images at different moments;
step S4, performing color removal on the image, and converting the color image into a gray image;
step S5, separating the temporary plugging agent from the fracturing fluid in the gray image according to the gray level threshold, wherein the gray value of the pixel with the gray value smaller than the gray level threshold is 0, namely the temporary plugging agent is represented, and the gray value of the pixel with the gray value larger than the gray level threshold T is 1, namely the fracturing fluid is represented;
step S6, respectively counting the number of pixels with the gray value of 0 and the number of pixels with the gray value of 1 in the whole gray image; then calculating the filling degree of the temporary plugging agent in the whole gray level image, wherein the filling degree is the concentration of the temporary plugging agent in the experimental process;
in the formula:
is the filling degree; b is the number of pixels with a gray scale value of 0 in the whole image; n is the total number of pixels of the image;
step S7, dividing the gray level image into different areas, calculating the filling degree of the temporary plugging agent in the image of the different areas, and calculating the aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent;
in the formula: σ is the aggregation degree; x is the number of the divided regions of the whole image;
the filling degree in each image area;
is the filling degree;
and S8, repeating the steps S4-S7 on the images at different moments, and calculating the concentration of the temporary plugging agent and the aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent at different moments, namely obtaining the change characteristics of the concentration and the aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent in the hydraulic fracture temporary plugging experimental process quantitatively.
Further technical solution is that the gray level threshold in step S5 is obtained through the following steps:
firstly, calculating the probability of the occurrence of pixels with different gray values in an image;
in the formula: n is the total number of pixels of the image, N k Is the number of pixels with a gray value of k, P i Is the probability of a pixel with a gray value i appearing in the image;
and then drawing probability distribution maps of pixels with different gray values according to the probability of the pixels with different gray values, wherein the gray value corresponding to the peak valley between the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid in the probability distribution maps is the gray level threshold.
Further technical solution is that, the separation determination formula in step S5 is:
in the formula: f' (x, y) is the gray scale value after division, f (x, y) is the gray scale value of the different pixel before division, and T is the gray scale value threshold.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the experimental device can directly observe the process of temporary plugging of the temporary plugging agent in the fracture with dynamically changed hydraulic fracture width. Meanwhile, the high-definition images acquired based on the experimental device are processed, and the change characteristics of the concentration and the aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging agent migration-plugging process can be quantitatively obtained. Therefore, the invention overcomes the defect that the migration-plugging process of the temporary plugging agent cannot be researched in the prior art, and provides theoretical support for selection of temporary plugging fracturing construction parameters in hydraulic fractures in an oil field site.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for researching migration-blocking process of a temporary blocking agent in a hydraulic fracture.
Fig. 2 is a probability distribution diagram of pixels with different gray values.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the time-dependent change of the concentration and aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent during the experiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for researching the migration-blocking process of the temporary blocking agent in the hydraulic fracture comprises a clean water tank 1, a constant flow pump 3, a mixing tank 6, a visual hydraulic fracture simulation device 13, a recovery tank 18 and a high-speed camera 14; a middle piston 7 is arranged in the mixing tank 6, the mixing tank 6 is divided into an upper part and a lower part by the middle piston 7, a stirring device 8 is arranged in the upper part of the mixing tank 6, the movable middle piston 7 is positioned in the middle of the mixing tank 6 and is used for separating clear water, temporary plugging agent and fracturing fluid, the clear water is positioned at the lower part of the middle piston 7, and the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid are positioned at the upper part of the middle piston 7; the stirring device 8 is positioned at the upper part of the middle piston 7 and is used for stirring the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid to ensure that the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid are fully mixed, and the heating device is wrapped on the whole mixing pipe in an inductive heating mode to fully heat the mixed liquid of the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid;
the lower part of the mixing tank 6 is sequentially communicated with the constant-flow pump 3 and the clean water tank 1 through pipelines; the upper part of the mixing tank 6 is sequentially communicated with a visual crack simulation device 13 and a recovery tank 18 through pipelines; the high-speed camera 14 is arranged beside the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device 13 and is used for recording videos and images of the temporary plugging agent migration-plugging process in the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device 13 in real time; the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device 13 comprises a holder, two visual fracture plates and a visual dynamic change piston, the left end and the right end of each of the two visual fracture plates are vertically held in the holder, the visual dynamic change piston is mounted at the upper end and the lower end of each of the two visual fracture plates, a vertical hydraulic fracture is simulated by a gap between the two visual fracture plates, and the visual dynamic change piston is designed in a trapezoidal shape with a small outer part and a large inner part so as to improve the bearing capacity of the visual piston; clear water is used as hydraulic pressure, and observation of the temporary plugging process in the hydraulic fracture is not influenced while the dynamic change of the piston is adjusted. A row of fourth pressure gauges 12 are designed along the fluid flowing direction of the crack and used for detecting the pressure change at different positions of the crack in the experimental process;
a first valve 2 is arranged between the clean water tank 1 and the constant flow pump, a first pressure gauge 4 and a second valve 5 are arranged between the constant flow pump 3 and the mixing tank 6, and a second flow meter 9, a second pressure gauge 10 and a third valve 11 are arranged between the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device 13 and the mixing tank 6; a third pressure gauge 16, a third flow meter 15 and a fourth valve 17 are arranged between the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device 13 and the recovery tank 18.
The pipeline in the invention is a flexible pipeline capable of recognizing pressure, and all the flow meters are electromagnetic flow meters and are used for measuring the flow change in the pipeline and in the cracks.
The experimental method adopting the device for researching the migration-blocking process of the temporary blocking agent in the hydraulic fracture comprises the following steps:
step S1, adding the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid into the upper part of the mixing tank 6, and opening a stirring device to stir the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid to fully mix the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid;
step S2, injecting clean water in a clean water tank into the lower part of a mixing tank through a constant flow pump, extruding a middle piston by the clean water, and injecting a mixed solution of a temporary plugging agent and a fracturing fluid on the upper part of a mixing pipe into a visual hydraulic fracture simulation device;
s3, carrying out a temporary plugging process on the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid mixed liquid in the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device, and simultaneously recording the migration-plugging process of the temporary plugging agent in the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device in real time through a high-speed camera to obtain images at different moments;
step S4, performing color removal on the image, and converting the color image into a gray image;
step S5, calculating the probability of the occurrence of the pixels with different gray values in the image;
in the formula: n is the total number of pixels of the image, N k Is the number of pixels with a gray value of k, P i Is the probability of a pixel with a gray value i appearing in the image;
step S6, drawing probability distribution maps of pixels with different gray values according to the probability of the pixels with different gray values, wherein the gray value corresponding to the peak valley between the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid in the probability distribution maps is the gray level threshold value
Step S7, separating the temporary plugging agent from the fracturing fluid in the gray image according to the gray level threshold, wherein the gray value of the pixel with the gray value smaller than the gray level threshold is 0, namely the temporary plugging agent is represented, and the gray value of the pixel with the gray value larger than the gray level threshold T is 1, namely the fracturing fluid is represented;
in the formula: f' (x, y) is the gray value after division, f (x, y) is the gray value of different pixels before division, and T is the gray value threshold;
step S8, respectively counting the number of pixels with the gray value of 0 and the number of pixels with the gray value of 1 in the whole gray image; then calculating the filling degree of the temporary plugging agent in the whole gray level image, wherein the filling degree is the concentration of the temporary plugging agent in the experimental process;
in the formula:
is the filling degree; b is the number of pixels with a gray scale value of 0 in the whole image; n is the total number of pixels of the image;
step S9, dividing the gray level image into different areas, calculating the filling degree of the temporary plugging agent in the image of the different areas, and calculating the aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent;
in the formula: σ is the aggregation degree; x is the number of the divided regions of the whole image;
the filling degree in each image area;
is the filling degree;
and S10, repeating the steps S4-S7 on the images at different moments, and calculating the concentration of the temporary plugging agent and the aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent at different moments, namely obtaining the change characteristics of the concentration and the aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent in the hydraulic fracture temporary plugging experimental process quantitatively.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The device for researching the migration-blocking process of the temporary blocking agent in the hydraulic fracture is characterized by comprising a clean water tank, a constant flow pump, a mixing tank, a visual hydraulic fracture simulation device, a recovery tank and a high-speed camera; the mixing tank is internally provided with a middle piston which divides the mixing tank into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part of the mixing tank is internally provided with a stirring device, and the lower part of the mixing tank is sequentially communicated with the constant flow pump and the clean water tank through pipelines; the upper part of the mixing tank is sequentially communicated with the visual crack simulation device and the recovery tank through pipelines; the high-speed camera is arranged beside the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device and is used for recording videos and images of the temporary plugging agent migration-plugging process in the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device in real time.
2. The device for researching migration and plugging processes of the temporary plugging agent in the hydraulic fracture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device comprises a holder, two visual fracture plates and a visual dynamically-changing piston, the left end and the right end of each of the two visual fracture plates are vertically held in the holder, the upper end and the lower end of each of the two visual fracture plates are respectively provided with the visual dynamically-changing piston, and a gap between the two visual fracture plates simulates a vertical hydraulic fracture.
3. The device for researching migration-plugging process of the temporary plugging agent in the hydraulic fracture according to claim 1, wherein a first pressure gauge is arranged between the constant flow pump and the mixing tank.
4. The device for researching the migration-blocking process of the temporary blocking agent in the hydraulic fracture is characterized in that a second flowmeter and a second pressure gauge are arranged between the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device and the mixing tank; and a third pressure gauge and a third flow meter are arranged between the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device and the recovery tank.
5. The device for researching the migration-blocking process of the temporary plugging agent in the hydraulic fracture as claimed in claim 1, wherein a heating device is arranged on the mixing tank, and the heating device is wrapped on the whole mixing tank in an inductive heating mode to fully heat the mixed liquid of the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid.
6. An experimental method using the apparatus for studying migration-blocking process of temporary blocking agent in hydraulic fracture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, adding the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid into the upper part of the mixing tank, and opening a stirring device to stir the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid to fully mix the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid;
s2, injecting clean water in a clean water tank into the lower part of the mixing tank through a constant flow pump, extruding a middle piston by the clean water, and injecting a mixed liquid of a temporary plugging agent and a fracturing fluid on the upper part of the mixing pipe into the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device;
s3, carrying out a temporary plugging process on the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid mixed liquid in the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device, and simultaneously recording the migration-plugging process of the temporary plugging agent in the visual hydraulic fracture simulation device in real time through a high-speed camera to obtain images at different moments;
step S4, performing color removal on the image, and converting the color image into a gray image;
step S5, separating the temporary plugging agent from the fracturing fluid in the gray image according to the gray level threshold, wherein the gray value of the pixel with the gray value smaller than the gray level threshold is 0, namely the temporary plugging agent is represented, and the gray value of the pixel with the gray value larger than the gray level threshold T is 1, namely the fracturing fluid is represented;
step S6, respectively counting the number of pixels with the gray value of 0 and the number of pixels with the gray value of 1 in the whole gray image; then calculating the filling degree of the temporary plugging agent in the whole gray level image, wherein the filling degree is the concentration of the temporary plugging agent in the experimental process;
in the formula:
is the filling degree; b is the number of pixels with a gray scale value of 0 in the whole image; n is the total number of pixels of the image;
step S7, dividing the gray level image into different areas, calculating the filling degree of the temporary plugging agent in the image of the different areas, and calculating the aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent;
in the formula: σ is the aggregation degree; x is the number of the divided regions of the whole image;
the filling degree in each image area;
is the filling degree;
and S8, repeating the steps S4-S7 on the images at different moments, and calculating the concentration of the temporary plugging agent and the aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent at different moments, namely obtaining the change characteristics of the concentration and the aggregation degree of the temporary plugging agent in the hydraulic fracture temporary plugging experimental process quantitatively.
7. The experimental method for studying migration-blocking process of temporary blocking agent in hydraulic fracture as claimed in claim 6, wherein said gray scale threshold value in step S5 is obtained by the following steps:
firstly, calculating the probability of the occurrence of pixels with different gray values in an image;
in the formula: n is the total number of pixels of the image, N k Is the number of pixels with a gray value of k, P i Is the probability of a pixel with a gray value i appearing in the image;
and then drawing probability distribution maps of pixels with different gray values according to the probability of the pixels with different gray values, wherein the gray value corresponding to the peak valley between the temporary plugging agent and the fracturing fluid in the probability distribution maps is the gray level threshold.
8. The experimental method for studying migration-blocking process of temporary blocking agent in hydraulic fracture as claimed in claim 6, wherein said separate determination formula in step S5 is:
in the formula: f' (x, y) is the gray scale value after division, f (x, y) is the gray scale value of the different pixel before division, and T is the gray scale value threshold.
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| CN115524459B (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-03-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device for evaluating migration plugging performance of temporary plugging fracturing temporary plugging material and experimental method |
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