CN111982758A - Experimental device and testing method for visual temporary plugging steering performance test - Google Patents
Experimental device and testing method for visual temporary plugging steering performance test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and a method for testing visual temporary plugging turning performance. The device for testing the temporary plugging diversion performance has a visual function, can measure the plugging length, and utilizes the data processing imaging device to display the internal plugging condition of the simulated crack device for evaluation through the ultrasonic scanning device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petrochemical industry, and particularly relates to an experimental device and a testing method for testing the steering performance of visual temporary plugging.
Background
Due to the characteristics of low porosity, low permeability, complex pore throats, and the like of tight sandstone, most wells need to communicate with natural fractures using fracturing techniques, thereby achieving commercial exploitation values. In order to improve the complexity of the seam net and increase the reconstruction volume, temporary plugging is carried out in the seam and at the seam opening by using a temporary plugging agent to form a bridge plug in the artificial crack, so that the crack steering is realized, and the complexity of the seam net is improved. However, in practice, the dense gas reservoir has strong heterogeneity and different sizes of cracks, so that the temporary plugging agent plugging effect cannot be represented in a conventional rock core temporary plugging steering experiment; because the size of the core is far smaller than the actual size of the artificial fracture, the temporary plugging effect of the temporary plugging agent used in the large-size artificial fracture cannot be represented by the conventional core temporary plugging experiment. On the other hand, because the rock core temporary plugging steering experiment belongs to a high-pressure high-temperature experiment, the plugging length cannot be effectively observed in the experiment process, and the plugging strength effect under the unit volume of the temporary plugging agent cannot be reflected. Therefore, an experimental device for testing the steering performance of temporary plugging, which is highly targeted and visual, is lacked at present, and the influence rule of physical properties of the temporary plugging agent, the stratum temperature, the construction process and the like on the steering effect of temporary plugging cannot be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device and a testing method for visual temporary plugging diversion performance testing, and aims to solve the problem that the plugging length cannot be measured by the conventional experimental method, and the plugging performance of a temporary plugging agent cannot be quantitatively evaluated due to the limitation of the size of an experimental crack.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an experimental device for testing visual temporary blocking steering performance comprises a water storage tank, a constant flow pump, a three-way valve, a carrying liquid tank, a temporary blocking agent solution tank, a crack simulation device, an ultrasonic scanning and data imaging device, a filtrate metering electronic balance and a computer control system which are sequentially connected, wherein the computer control system is respectively connected with the constant flow pump, the crack simulation device, the ultrasonic scanning and data imaging device and the filtrate metering electronic balance;
the portable liquid tank comprises a movable corrosion-resistant piston and is connected with a three-way valve, so that liquid in the tank can be conveniently displaced to enter the crack simulation device;
the temporary plugging agent solution tank comprises a movable corrosion-resistant piston, is connected with a three-way valve, is closed in a carrying liquid tank, and is driven by a constant-flow pump to drive the temporary plugging agent solution in the tank to enter a crack simulation device;
the crack simulation device comprises a crack sealing sleeve, a rock gasket and a heating system, the crack sealing sleeve is provided with a gap penetrating through two ends of the sealing sleeve, a filter screen is designed at an outlet, and the rock gasket simulates the actual crack surface through etching to form cracks with different surface roughness and sizes. The heating system is arranged on the outer wall of the crack body. A first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are respectively arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the crack simulating device, a temperature sensor and an ultrasonic scanning device which are connected with the inside of the crack are also arranged on the outer side of the crack simulating device, and the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor are respectively in communication connection with a computer control system;
the ultrasonic scanning device is at a certain distance from the outer side of the crack simulating device, can transversely move at a certain distance from the outer side of the crack simulating device, and is connected with the data processing imaging device;
the data processing imaging device receives the ultrasonic scanning data, performs data imaging, and transmits an internal image of the crack simulation device through communication connection with the computer control system;
preferably, the three-way valve is an L-shaped pressure-bearing 50MPa three-way valve;
preferably, the communication connection can be an RS-485 data line, USB data or adapter conversion connection;
preferably, the data processing imaging device can be a developing graphics program based on labview;
further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pad is a rock pad, and the surface of the pad is etched by 3D printing;
further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic scanning device is a B-mode ultrasonic device;
further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crack simulator comprises a filter screen inserted at an outlet of the crack simulator;
further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the slit is 0.3mm to 10 mm;
further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the data processing and imaging device, the simulated fracture device and the filtrate measuring electronic balance are respectively connected with the computer control system through RS-485 data lines.
A temporary blocking turning performance testing method is realized by adopting the visual temporary blocking turning performance testing device, and the testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing and etching the gasket according to the size and the shape of the crack to be simulated, and then fixing the gasket in the crack of the crack simulating device to form a crack;
(2) dispersing the temporary plugging agent in a carrier fluid, and uniformly mixing to prepare a temporary plugging agent solution;
(3) respectively adding the carrier fluid and the temporary plugging agent solution into a carrier fluid tank and a temporary plugging agent solution tank, completing system pipeline connection, heating the simulated fracture device to a simulated formation temperature through a heating device, setting the pump displacement when the simulated fracture device reaches a set temperature, and starting a constant flow pump;
(4) the computer control system records the pressure value, the temperature value, the section image of the crack simulation device and the total filtration loss of each node in real time; adjusting the concentration of the temporary plugging agent solution, the size and the shape of the crack and the heating temperature of a heating device, repeating the test, and carrying out statistical analysis on the data; and when the bridge plug formed by the temporary plugging agent is broken through or the plugging pressure is too high, automatically stopping the pump, stopping the experiment, stopping the pump, releasing the pressure, and cooling to room temperature.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temporary plugging agent is a particulate water-soluble temporary plugging agent.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the displacement of the plunger pump is 10mL/min to 800 mL/min.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cracks formed by the rock gasket of the experimental device for the visual temporary plugging diversion performance test can be adjusted, the adjusting range can reach 0.3-10mm, and the cracks with different shapes and sizes can be simulated and tested by polishing and etching the rock gasket, so that the cracks are closer to actual cracks; meanwhile, the crack simulating devices respectively comprise heating devices, so that cracks can be heated to simulate the formation temperature, the actual operation environment can be simulated more truly, and the test accuracy is improved; according to the invention, the internal blocking condition of the simulated crack device is displayed by the data processing imaging device through the ultrasonic scanning device, and is transmitted to the computer control system, so that the blocking removal time of the temporary blocking agent is confirmed. In addition, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged on the crack simulating device, so that the temperature, the pressure before and after crack entering and the temperature in the crack can be monitored in real time, and data are transmitted to the computer control system, so that the detection result is more accurate and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an experimental apparatus for testing steering performance of visual temporary blocking according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of simulated fracture displacement differential pressure and total fluid loss over time in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of the displacement on the effective plugging length in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the size of the fracture on the effective plugging length in example 2.
In the figure: 1-a water storage tank; 2-advection pump; 3-a three-way valve; 4-temporary plugging agent solution tank; 5-carrying liquid tank; 6-a first pressure sensor; 7-a first temperature sensor; 8-ultrasonic scanning device; 9-a data transmission line; 10-a data processing imaging device; 11-a heating device; 12-a fracture simulation device; 13-a second pressure sensor; 14-a back pressure valve; 15-filtrate metering electronic balance; 16-computer control system.
For a person skilled in the art, other relevant figures can be obtained from the above figures without inventive effort.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Referring to fig. 1, the experimental apparatus for testing the visual temporary plugging diversion performance of the present invention includes a water storage tank 1, a plunger pump 2, a three-way valve 3, a temporary plugging agent solution tank 4, a crack simulation device 12, a filtrate metering electronic balance 15 and a computer control system 16, which are connected in sequence. The water storage tank 1 pushes the temporary plugging agent solution or the carrier fluid in the temporary plugging agent solution tank 4 or the carrier fluid tank 5 into the crack simulation device 12 through the three-way valve 3 by the plunger pump 2. Preferably, the water storage tank 1 is made of stainless steel 316 and has a volume of 5000 mL. The liquid outlet side of the plunger pump 2 is connected with a three-way valve 3. Preferably, the three-way valve is an L-shaped three-way valve with pressure bearing capacity of 50MPa, and the opening and closing states are adjusted according to an implementation case. The three-way valve 3 is connected with the portable liquid tank 5 and the temporary plugging agent solution tank 4 and then connected with the crack simulation device 12, and a first pressure sensor 6 and a second pressure sensor 13 are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet side and the liquid outlet side of the crack simulation device 12. The outer 12 of the crack simulation device is sequentially provided with a heating device 11 and an ultrasonic scanning device 8, the heating device 11 is connected with a first temperature sensor 7, and the first temperature sensor 7 is connected with a computer control system 16. Preferably, the ultrasonic scanning device 8 uses B-mode ultrasonic waves and is connected with the data processing imaging device 10. The crack simulation device 12 is sequentially connected with a back pressure valve 14 and a filtrate metering electronic balance 15, and preferably, the filtrate metering electronic balance 15 is connected with a computer control system 16 through an RS-485 data line, USB data or adaptive conversion.
Crack analogue means 12 includes the crack analogue means body, the rock gasket, the crack body is hollow cylinder that has certain thickness, inside confession rock gasket inserts the use, the rock gasket shape is visual for two cylinders of cutting open, the crack form is carved on the section, the simulation sets up different width, the crack of different shapes, be equipped with the metal strip that highly equals the crack size on the section both sides, guarantee rock gasket pressurized back, the crack shape that forms does not change, be equipped with first pressure sensor 6 and second pressure sensor 13 respectively in the feed liquor side and the play liquid side of crack analogue means 12. The crack simulator 12 forms parallel cracks or wedge-shaped cracks (the size range of the cracks is 0.3-10mm) with different sizes by changing the shape of the rock gasket, and the rock gasket can form cracks with different sizes and shapes by laser etching. A first temperature sensor 7 is arranged on the outer side of the crack simulator 12, and a back pressure valve 13 is arranged between the crack simulator 12 and the filtrate metering electronic balance 14.
The ultrasonic scanning device 8 is placed outside the crack simulation device 12 and is sequentially connected with the data processing imaging device 10 and the computer control system, and preferably, the ultrasonic scanning device is a movable scanning device and adopts B-type ultrasonic waves.
Example 1
The simulated crack of the embodiment is a wedge-shaped crack, the size of the outlet is 3mm, the size of the crack at the inlet is 5.1mm, the lower wall surface of the crack is parallel to the horizontal plane, the included angle between the upper wall surface and the horizontal plane is 0.5 degrees, and the crack is in a wedge-shaped crack form;
preparing a carrying liquid: the concentration is 3kg/m3Guar gum solution, measured by HAAKE rheometer at 40 deg.C for 170s-1Its appearanceThe viscosity is stabilized at 21 mPa.s;
the temporary plugging agent is made of high molecular polymer, has the particle size of 2mm, is dissolved in the temporary plugging agent mixed with the carrier fluid to form a mixture with the concentration of 30%, and is dispersed in the carrier fluid through high-speed stirring;
setting the temperature of a temporary plugging agent solution tank and a carrier fluid temperature tank and the temperature of cracks to be 40 ℃, and setting the displacement of a plunger pump 3 to be 180 mL/min;
and starting the pump for a period of time, starting the ultrasonic scanning device after the pressure rises to a certain value and is stable, forming an internal profile of the crack simulation device, measuring the plugging length, then increasing the displacement pressure by 15%, after the pressure is stable for 15min, increasing the displacement pressure again, scanning again, and circulating to break through the bridge plug.
As shown in fig. 2, at 260s, the pressure starts to rise and the slope of the fluid loss curve begins to decrease, i.e. the bridge plug has already started to form, then the fluid loss rate gradually decreases, the pressure rises in a staged manner, when the pressure rises to 13.8MPa, the bridge plug formed by the intra-seam plugging agent is broken through, and the pressure drops abruptly. The effect of the temporary plugging agent solution concentration or the change of the shape of the rock pad and the fiber concentration on the plugging strength and the fluid loss control can be realized.
Example 2
Setting of simulated crack size shape of the present embodiment: the shape is rectangular, and the seam width is 4 sizes of 1, 3, 6 and 8 mm;
preparing a carrying liquid: the concentration is 3kg/m3Guar gum solution, measured by HAAKE rheometer at 40 deg.C for 170s-1The apparent viscosity of the product is stabilized at 21 mPa.s;
the temporary plugging agent is made of high molecular polymer, has the particle size of 2mm, is dissolved in the temporary plugging agent mixed with the carrier fluid to form a mixture with the concentration of 30%, and is dispersed in the carrier fluid through high-speed stirring;
setting the temperature of the temporary plugging agent solution tank and the temperature of the carrier fluid tank and the temperature of the crack to be 40 ℃, and setting the discharge capacity of the plunger pump 2 to be 100, 200, 400 and 800mL/min, wherein the total discharge capacity is 4;
carrying out 16 groups of temporary plugging experiments in total;
analyzing the influences of the discharge capacity, the crack size and the concentration of the temporary plugging agent solution on the plugging strength, the temporary plugging rate and the plugging removal rate, thereby providing theoretical support for realizing temporary plugging in the crack on site;
plugging performance: in order to research the in-seam turning rule of the temporary plugging agent, the plugging performance of the temporary plugging agent is researched by breaking through pressure during bridging formed by the temporary plugging agent, difference of filtration loss before and after temporary plugging and difference of filtration loss before and after plugging removal in the experiment; utilizing effective plugging lengths corresponding to different discharge capacities in the temporary plugging and plugging process;
through a plurality of groups of temporary plugging experiments, the influence rule of factors such as the concentration and the type of the temporary plugging agent, the formation temperature, the fracture size and the like on the plugging performance is researched, so that the corresponding particle type and concentration and the rheological property of the carrier fluid are selected according to different formation temperatures and sizes and shapes of different fractures; in addition, the research on the effective plugging length has great significance for guiding the steering time of the hydraulic fracturing on site.
Aiming at certain stratum conditions, based on the difference of the seam width length and the horizontal stress formed by fracturing simulation software, the concentration and the discharge capacity of the temporary plugging agent solution are optimized, the optimal plugging length construction scheme is found, the plugging is effectively carried out in the cracks, and the effect of the turning fracturing is realized. The equipment and the method provided by the invention can optimize the formula of the temporary plugging material and the property of the carrier fluid for field construction, and can also provide corresponding process parameter guidance and effect prediction for specific formation conditions (fracture width and temperature).
In conclusion, according to the visual temporary plugging diversion performance testing device, clear water is pumped into the water storage tank by the constant-flow pump and is regulated by the three-way valve, so that the piston in the liquid carrying tank or the temporary plugging agent solution tank is pushed to move forwards, and the piston reaches the simulated crack to form plugging; the ultrasonic scanning device can penetrate through the metal shell of the crack simulation device to visually image the blocking condition of the interior of the crack; a heater is attached to the outside of the simulated fracture and used for simulating the formation temperature; the size of the crack is simulated, and the size and the shape of the crack (parallel gap or wedge gap) are adjusted through a rock gasket; the temporary plugging agent solution flows through the simulated crack to form bridge plugging in the crack, and the filtrate flows into the filtrate metering electronic balance through the back pressure valve body.
The upstream pressure, the downstream pressure, the temperature at the fracture, the data imaging and the amount of the filter liquor of the fracture are recorded by a computer control system through data lines; the computer control system can accurately control the pump injection amount, the temperature in the tank and the crack temperature. The full-automatic safety valve is opened automatically to release pressure after the upstream pressure exceeds a set value so as to ensure the safety of an experiment, and the set value is set by a computer system.
The simulated fracture has adjustable size and form, can simulate a parallel fracture of 0.3-10mm, can be heated with the temporary plugging acid liquid to simulate the formation temperature, can study the influence rule of the size, the shape and the formation temperature of the fracture on the temporary plugging effect, and can evaluate the temporary plugging effect mainly by observing the change of the upstream and downstream pressure difference, the filtration loss and the formation position of the bridge plug.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus of test of visual temporary plugging turning performance which characterized in that: the device comprises a water storage tank, a constant flow pump, a three-way valve, a liquid carrying tank, a temporary plugging agent solution tank, a crack simulation device, an ultrasonic scanning and data imaging device, a filtrate metering electronic balance and a computer control system which are connected in sequence, wherein the computer control system is respectively connected with the constant flow pump, the crack simulation device, the ultrasonic scanning and data imaging device and the filtrate metering electronic balance;
the liquid carrying tank and the temporary plugging agent tank comprise movable corrosion-resistant pistons, and the movable corrosion-resistant pistons are connected with the crack simulating device through an L-shaped three-way valve capable of bearing pressure of 50 Mpa;
the crack simulation device comprises a crack sealing sleeve, a rock gasket and a heating system, the crack sealing sleeve is provided with a gap penetrating through two ends of the sealing sleeve, a filter screen is designed at an outlet, and the rock gasket simulates the actual crack surface through etching to form cracks with different surface roughness and sizes. The heating system is designed on the outer wall of the crack body. And the inlet and the outlet of the crack simulating device are respectively provided with a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, the outer side of the crack simulating device is also provided with a temperature sensor and an ultrasonic scanning device which are connected with the inner part of the crack, and the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor are respectively in communication connection with a computer control system.
2. The experimental device for testing the visual temporary plugging turning performance according to claim 1, wherein the shape and the size of the gasket are adjustable, the shape and the size of the simulated crack are adjustable, and parallel cracks or wedge-shaped cracks with different sizes are formed by changing the shape of the gasket, and the size range of the parallel cracks or the wedge-shaped cracks is 0.3-10 mm.
3. The experimental device for testing the turning performance of the visual temporary plugging according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic scanning device is a movable scanning device and adopts B-type ultrasonic.
4. The experimental device for testing the visual temporary plugging turning performance according to claim 1, wherein the experimental device further comprises a back pressure valve arranged between the simulated crack device and the filtrate metering electronic balance, a corrosion-resistant lining is arranged in a pipeline sequentially connecting the liquid carrying tank, the temporary plugging agent liquid tank, the simulated crack device and the back pressure valve, and the lining is made of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyphenylene sulfide.
5. The experimental device for testing the visual temporary plugging diversion performance of claim 1, wherein the testing device further comprises a filter screen arranged at the outlet of the crack simulation device.
6. The experimental device for testing the visual temporary plugging diversion performance of claim 2, wherein the gasket is a rock gasket, and the surface of the gasket is etched on the surface of a crack by 3D printing.
7. The experimental device for testing the steering performance of the visual temporary plugging according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the crack simulation device is sequentially connected with a back pressure valve and a filtrate metering electronic balance, and preferably, the filtrate metering electronic balance is connected with a computer control system through an RS-485 data line, USB data or adaptive conversion.
8. The method for testing the turning performance of the temporary plugging is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) polishing and etching the gasket according to the size and the shape of the crack to be simulated, and then fixing the gasket in the crack of the crack simulating device to form a crack;
(2) dispersing the temporary plugging agent in a carrier fluid, and uniformly mixing to prepare a temporary plugging agent solution;
(3) respectively adding the carrier fluid and the temporary plugging agent solution into a carrier fluid tank and a temporary plugging agent solution tank, completing system pipeline connection, heating the simulated fracture device to a simulated formation temperature through a heating device, setting the pump displacement when the simulated fracture device reaches a set temperature, and starting a constant flow pump;
(4) the computer control system records the pressure value, the temperature value, the section image of the crack simulation device and the total filtration loss of each node in real time; adjusting the concentration of the temporary plugging agent solution, the size and the shape of the crack and the heating temperature of a heating device, repeating the test, and carrying out statistical analysis on the data; and when the bridge plug formed by the temporary plugging agent is broken through or the plugging pressure is too high, automatically stopping the pump, stopping the experiment, stopping the pump, releasing the pressure, and cooling to room temperature.
9. The method for testing the turning performance of temporary plugging according to claim 8, wherein said temporary plugging agent is a particulate water-soluble temporary plugging agent.
10. The method for testing the turning performance of temporary plugging according to claim 8, wherein the displacement of said upper plunger pump is 10-400 mL/min.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN112796700A (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-05-14 | 维欧(天津)能源技术服务股份有限公司 | Experimental method for plugging performance of temporary plugging agent for fracturing |
| CN113092338A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device and method for evaluating continuous plugging performance of diverting acid |
| CN114382467A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-22 | 西南石油大学 | Acid etching-temporary plugging integrated dynamic seam width experimental device and temporary plugging agent evaluation method |
| CN114740149A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-07-12 | 陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司 | Device and method for evaluating plugging capability of temporary plugging diverting agent in non-uniform cracks |
| CN114837645A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-02 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for researching migration-blocking process of temporary blocking agent in hydraulic fracture |
| US20230193704A1 (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-06-22 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Test apparatus for measuring particle plugging of a simulated fracture |
| CN118030034A (en) * | 2024-04-10 | 2024-05-14 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Visual simulation device, system and method for reservoir oil displacement fluid state |
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| US11761274B2 (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-09-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Test apparatus for measuring particle plugging of a simulated fracture |
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| CN114740149A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-07-12 | 陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司 | Device and method for evaluating plugging capability of temporary plugging diverting agent in non-uniform cracks |
| CN114837645A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-02 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for researching migration-blocking process of temporary blocking agent in hydraulic fracture |
| CN118030034A (en) * | 2024-04-10 | 2024-05-14 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Visual simulation device, system and method for reservoir oil displacement fluid state |
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