CN114835733A - 一种sp2-C金属有机框架的制备方法和解毒芥子气模拟物应用 - Google Patents
一种sp2-C金属有机框架的制备方法和解毒芥子气模拟物应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种sp2‑C金属有机框架的制备方法和解毒芥子气模拟物应用,属于环境保护技术领域。本发明由预先合成的含有3个铜金属位点的单晶Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O和2,4,6‑三甲基‑1,3,5‑三嗪(TMT)通过缩合反应合成sp2‑C金属共价有机框架Cu‑TMT。Cu‑TMT具有良好的化学稳定性,在极端条件下仍保持结构稳定。Cu‑TMT可实现快速将芥子气模拟物2‑氯乙基乙基硫醚降解为低毒性2‑氯乙基乙基亚砜。本发明制备sp2‑C金属共价有机框架Cu‑TMT的方法简单、结构稳定、成本低、环境友好,实现了芥子气模拟物的高效解毒,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境保护技术领域,具体涉及一种sp2-C金属有机框架的制备方法和解毒芥子气模拟物应用。
背景技术
化学战剂(CWAs)的使用严重威胁国家和人民的安全,其中最臭名昭著的化学战剂之一是1,2'-二氯二乙硫醚,也被称为硫芥子气(HD)(Cao M.,Pang R.,Wang Q.-Y.,etal.Porphyrinic Silver Cluster Assembled Material for Simultaneous Capture andPhotocatalysis of Mustard-Gas Simulant.Journal of the American ChemicalSociety,2019,141(37):14505-14509)。硫芥子气(HD)会破坏人类蛋白质(主要的皮肤)和DNA的毒泡剂,会引起皮肤起泡、过敏、刺激眼睛和呼吸道,甚至在严重的情况下危害生命。传统的降解方式包括水解、脱氢卤化、氧化等等,这些方式存在降解效率低、过度氧化为剧毒的砜和难操作等弊端(Hou Y.,An H.,Zhang Y.,et al.Rapid Destruction of TwoTypes of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants by Hybrid PolyoxomolybdatesModified by Carboxylic Acid Ligands.ACS Catalysis,2018,8(7):6062-6069.)。在处理化学战剂的过程中,不仅要追求高效、快速,更为重要的是操作安全。为了保证实验安全,通常使用HD的毒性较小的衍生物,CWA模拟物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚 (CEES)作为降解对象。光敏剂产生单线态氧将CEES氧化为低毒的2-氯乙基乙基亚砜(CEESO)被认为是有效的降解办法,且操作简单、安全。目前,已经有研究探索了多种光催化氧化降解CEES的材料(Tu Z.,LuS.,Chang X.,et al.Selective Solid-Phase Extraction and Separation of TraceGold,Palladium and Platinum Using Activated Carbon Modified with Ethyl-3-(2-Aminoethylamino)-2-Chlorobut-2-Enoate.Microchim Acta,2011,173 (1):231-239)。使用1O2的光敏剂CEES降解需要满足以下两个条件:I)能快速产生大量的1O2;II)提供足够催化剂活性位点。
光敏剂金属有机骨架(MOFs)有足够多的金属催化位点,能满足以上两个条件,事实上已经成功用来对HD或其模拟CEES的快速和选择性解毒。然而, MOFs常常因其不稳定性而被诟病。最近,金属共价有机框架(MCOFs)的出现有望弥补MOFs的不足。MCOFs由含有金属的有机单体通过共价键链接而成,由于继承了MOFs和COFs的优点,MCOFs具有良好的结晶度和稳定性、高孔隙率和由金属位点产生的优异催化活性而被关注。原则上,稳定的MCOFs 从反应混合物中随时分离,同时也便于重复使用,并允许溶剂选择的灵活性。 MCOFs作为先进材料已经被证明是一种高效的单线态氧光敏剂并被运用于光催化产过氧化氢、氢气等领域(Dong J.,Han X.,Liu Y.,et al.Metal-Covalent Organic Frameworks(MCOFs):ABridge Between Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent OrganicFrameworks.Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2020,59, 13722)。但是,目前报道的MCOFs多数由不稳定的亚胺键链接,因而在催化氧化过程中容易裂解,降低反应速率的同时造成二次污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种sp2-C金属有机框架的制备方法和解毒芥子气模拟物应用,该方法制备的sp2-C金属共价有机框架具有简单、稳定、环境友好的特点,在光照的条件下产生大量的单线态氧,可将芥子气模拟物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(CEES)解毒为低毒的2-氯乙基乙基亚砜(CEESO),具有速度快、效率高、选择性好的特点。
本发明具体是通过如下技术方案实现的:
本发明提供了一种sp2-C金属有机框架的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)含有三个铜金属位点的单晶Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O的合成:
将Cu(NO3)2·6H2O和1H-吡唑-4-甲醛混合加入至溶剂溶解,所得混合物 100℃反应12h得到浅黄色晶体,晶体洗涤干燥即得含有三个铜金属位点的单晶Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O;
2)sp2-C金属有机框架Cu-TMT的合成:
将步骤1)制得的Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O与2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,5-三嗪、均三甲苯、 1,4-二恶烷、三氟乙酸、乙腈混合,通过冷冻-解冻-冷冻循环脱气,150℃反应 72h后收集固体,所得固体洗涤干燥即得sp2-C金属有机框架Cu-TMT。
含有3个铜金属位点的单晶Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O具有C3排列的三个醛基,可以作为构建网状结构的刚性结构,Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O与有多个胺官能团的有机单元反应形成具有新的动态共价键的亚胺键MCOFs网状结构。亚胺键连接的 COFs不够稳定,在催化过程中容易解体,这不仅导致催化效果不理想还会造成二次污染。解决这个问题的一种策略是使用-C=C-键形成构建框架,但是 -C=C-键的可逆性要低得多,难以形成有周期性排列的结晶材料。迄今为止,已报道的此类-C=C-键形成sp2-C COFs包括芳基乙腈和芳香醛之间的Knoevenagel缩合的取代丙烯腈[-CH=C(CN)-]COF、1,3,5-三嗪和芳基醛的活化甲基基团之间的羟醛缩合构建的由未取代烯烃(-CH=CH-)连接的COF。共轭的 sp2共价有机框架往往具有更好的稳定性和催化性能,但是,具有金属催化位点的sp2-C MCOFs鲜有报道。因此,我们用Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O和2,4,6-三甲基 -1,3,5-三嗪(TMT)合成了羟醛缩合而成的由未取代烯烃(-CH=CH-)链接形成的共轭sp2-C金属共价有机框架(MCOFs),光电化学研究表明,Cu-TMT具有显著的光物理性质和稳定性,在光照的条件下迅速产生大量的单线态氧,在降解CWA模拟物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(CEES)过程中具有快速、高选择性和高稳定性的性能。本发明新型sp2-C M-COFs,Cu-TMT的提出,不仅扩宽了COFs 的应用范围,还为降解有毒有机物提供了新思路。
进一步地,步骤1)所述Cu(NO3)2·6H2O和1H-吡唑-4-甲醛混合的摩尔比为 (0.5-1):1。
进一步地,步骤1)所述溶剂由N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、水、乙醇按体积比(2-4): (1-3):(2-4)组成。
进一步地,步骤2)Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O与2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,5-三嗪的摩尔比为(0.5-1.5):1。
进一步地,步骤2)均三甲苯、1,4-二恶烷、三氟乙酸、乙腈的体积比为(3-5): (3-5):(1-3):(0.1-0.3)。
本发明方法制备的sp2-C金属有机框架应用于解毒芥子气模拟物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚。
进一步地,所述sp2-C金属有机框架能够将2-氯乙基乙基硫醚选择性氧化为低毒性2-氯乙基乙基亚砜。
本发明还提供了sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT的稳定性测试:将制备的sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT在100℃沸水、1M HNO3、1M NaOH、模拟太阳光照下72小时条件下,测定Cu-TMT的X-射线衍射图谱,分析衍射峰位置变化判断Cu-TMT的稳定性。
本发明还提供了sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT的解毒芥子气模拟物2- 氯乙基乙基硫醚(CEES)应用:催化研究解毒2-氯乙基乙基硫醚实验在配备磁力搅拌的玻璃小瓶中进行,将sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT置于玻璃小瓶中密封,通过注射器将氘代甲醇(CD3OD-d4)注入玻璃小瓶中,并用O2鼓泡20分钟,再将邻二氯苯和芥子气模拟物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚通过微量注射器注入玻璃小瓶中(CD3OD-d4用量为1-5mL;邻二氯苯用量为0.05mmol-0.1 mmol;2-氯乙基乙基硫醚用量为0.1-0.3mmol),反应过程中用模拟太阳光照射并在不同时间间隔取样,监测反应速率。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明将预先合成的含有3个铜金属位点的单晶Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O和 2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,5-三嗪(TMT)缩合合成sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT,具有方法简单、结构稳定、成本低、对环境友好的特点。
2、本发明方法制备的sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT有良好的结晶性。
3、本发明方法制备的sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT具有良好的稳定性。
4、本发明方法制备的sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT在光照下能够产生单线态氧1O2。
5、本发明方法制备的sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT具有高催化活性,可快速将芥子气模拟物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(CEES)降解为低毒性2-氯乙基乙基亚砜(CEESO)。
附图说明
图1是Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O的PXRD图,以及从单晶数据计算的 Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O的PXRD模拟图。
图2是Cu-TMT、TMT和Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O的粉末X射线衍射粉末(PXRD) 图谱。
图3是Cu-TMT的在极端环境下处理72小时后的傅里叶变换红外光谱图 (自下而上分别为原始、100℃沸水、1M HNO3、1M NaOH、模拟太阳光照)。
图4是Cu-TMT光氧化解毒CEES的1H NMR谱。
图5是Cu-TMT与4-oxo-TMP混合在可见光照射下或在黑暗中的EPR光谱。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有技术和科学术语与本发明技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本发明的说明书所使用的术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并非用于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
实施例1:sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT的制备及表征
1.含有3个铜金属位点的单晶Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O的合成:将0.83mmol的 Cu(NO3)2·6H2O和1.0mmol的1H-吡唑-4-甲醛(HPyCA)溶解在含6.7mL N,N- 二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、5.0mL H2O和6.7mL乙醇的溶液中,混合物装在反应釜中置于100℃的烘箱中反应12h,得到浅黄色单晶,收集晶体洗涤几次后在60℃真空干燥24h,获得含有3个铜金属位点的单晶Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O;
2.sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT的合成:将0.05mmol的2,4,6-三甲基 -1,3,5-三嗪(TMT)、0.05mmol的Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O、0.45mL的均三甲苯、 0.45mL的1,4-二恶烷、0.2mL的三氟乙酸和0.025mL的乙腈装入到Pyrex玻璃管中并通过三个冷冻-解冻-冷冻循环脱气,反应在150℃下进行72小时,收集固体,用丙酮和甲醇洗涤数次,60℃真空干燥24小时,得到sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT固体。
由Cu(NO3)2·6H2O和HPyCA在DMF、乙醇和H2O混合物中发生溶剂热反应合成了浅黄色的Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O。图1是合成的Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O的PXRD 图以及从单晶数据计算的Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O的PXRD模拟图。采用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)测试材料结晶性,与MaterialStudio7.0软件模拟结构对比发现, Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O的PXRD图与模拟图相匹配(图1),表明采用本发明方法合成了Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O单晶。
图2是Cu-TMT、TMT和Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O的粉末X射线衍射粉末(PXRD) 图谱。将Cu-TMT的PXRD图谱与TMT和Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O比较,Cu-TMT 中出现了新的衍射峰,且原料的衍射峰消失,表明采用本发明方法成功合成了 sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT。
实施例2:sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT的稳定性测试
将以上制备的sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT在100℃沸水、1M HNO3、 1M NaOH、模拟太阳光照下72小时条件下,测定Cu-TMT的红外图谱,分析特征吸收峰位置变化判断Cu-TMT的稳定性。
图3是Cu-TMT的在极端环境下处理72小时后的傅里叶变换红外光谱图 (自下而上分别为原始、100℃沸水、1M HNO3、1M NaOH、模拟太阳光照)。红外光谱分析表明,处理过的Cu-TMT红外峰位置没有发生明显变化,表明材料具有良好的稳定性(图3)。
实施例3:sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT解毒芥子气模拟物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚的应用
催化研究解毒2-氯乙基乙基硫醚实验在配备磁力搅拌的玻璃小瓶中进行,将sp2-C金属共价有机框架Cu-TMT置于玻璃小瓶中密封,通过注射器将氘代甲醇(CD3OD-d4)注入玻璃小瓶中,并用O2鼓泡20分钟,再将邻二氯苯和芥子气模拟物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚通过微量注射器注入玻璃小瓶中,反应过程中用模拟太阳光照射并在不同时间间隔取样,监测反应速率。
图4是Cu-TMT光氧化解毒CEES的1H NMR谱。在模拟照射太阳光下进行CEES的光催化氧化降解反应。在光照条件下,Cu-TMT具有高催化活性,在O2气氛下仅需5分钟即可将CEES转化为无毒的氧化产物CEESO。反应过程由1H NMR光谱监测,表明CEESO的新峰在5分钟出现,降解速率非常快 (图4)。即使反应30分钟后,也没有检测到有毒的CEESO2,表明实现了100%的选择性。以上结果表明Cu-TMT是快速、安全降解CEES的优秀材料。
图5是Cu-TMT与4-oxo-TMP混合在可见光照射下或在黑暗中的电子顺磁共振(EPR)光谱。为了揭示降解机理,在光照条件下以4-oxo-TMP为探针,通过EPR光谱监测Cu-TMT产生1O2的能力。在光照条件下,Cu-TMT清晰地显示出EPR光谱的1O2特征性三重态信号。但在黑暗条件下,Cu-TMT的EPR 光谱的并没有显示出1O2的特征峰,表明1O2是Cu-TMT光敏剂产生的活性氧的主要成分(图5)。以上数据充分表明,Cu-TMT作为光敏剂在光照下迅速产生大量的单线态氧,将CEES氧化为CEESO。
以上所描述的实施例仅表达了本发明的几种优选实施例,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不用于限制本发明。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明还可以有各种变化和更改,凡在本发明的构思和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种sp2-C金属有机框架的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)含有三个铜金属位点的单晶Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O的合成:
将Cu(NO3)2·6H2O和1H-吡唑-4-甲醛混合加入至溶剂溶解,所得混合物100℃反应12h得到浅黄色晶体,晶体洗涤干燥即得含有三个铜金属位点的单晶Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O;
2)sp2-C金属有机框架Cu-TMT的合成:
将步骤1)制得的Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O与2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,5-三嗪、均三甲苯、1,4-二恶烷、三氟乙酸、乙腈混合,通过冷冻-解冻-冷冻循环脱气,150℃反应72h后收集固体,所得固体洗涤干燥即得sp2-C金属有机框架Cu-TMT。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种sp2-C金属有机框架的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)所述Cu(NO3)2·6H2O和1H-吡唑-4-甲醛混合的摩尔比为(0.5-1):1。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种sp2-C金属有机框架的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)所述溶剂由N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、水、乙醇按体积比(2-4):(1-3):(2-4)组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种sp2-C金属有机框架的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)Cu3(PyCA)3·H2O与2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,5-三嗪的摩尔比为(0.5-1.5):1。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种sp2-C金属有机框架的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)均三甲苯、1,4-二恶烷、三氟乙酸、乙腈的体积比为(3-5):(3-5):(1-3):(0.1-0.3)。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述方法制备的sp2-C金属有机框架在解毒芥子气模拟物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述sp2-C金属有机框架的应用,其特征在于,所述sp2-C金属有机框架能够将2-氯乙基乙基硫醚选择性氧化为低毒性2-氯乙基乙基亚砜。
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