CN1148326C - 透红外光的含氟化物锗酸盐玻璃 - Google Patents

透红外光的含氟化物锗酸盐玻璃 Download PDF

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CN1148326C
CN1148326C CNB021111405A CN02111140A CN1148326C CN 1148326 C CN1148326 C CN 1148326C CN B021111405 A CNB021111405 A CN B021111405A CN 02111140 A CN02111140 A CN 02111140A CN 1148326 C CN1148326 C CN 1148326C
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glass
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CN1375471A (zh
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胡和方
曹国喜
干福熹
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00Glass compositions
    • C03C3/12Silica-free oxide glass compositions
    • C03C3/253Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing germanium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00Glass compositions
    • C03C3/12Silica-free oxide glass compositions
    • C03C3/23Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing halogen and at least one oxide, e.g. oxide of boron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C4/00Compositions for glass with special properties
    • C03C4/10Compositions for glass with special properties for infrared transmitting glass

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Abstract

一种透红外光的含氟化物锗酸盐玻璃,是将氟化物和氧化物玻璃相结合,在主要包含GeO2的锗酸盐玻璃组成中,至少同时包含两种金属氟化物,含有二价的金属氟化物MF2和三价金属氟化物M′F3,或者还含有四价金属氟化物M″F4。与在先技术相比,由于本发明的锗酸盐玻璃组成中,氧化物加入氟化物,降低了玻璃熔化的温度,降低了玻璃的粘度和折射率,使玻璃中OH基团含量大幅度减小,增加了3~5μm波段的透过率。在3μm波长处的透过率由在先技术的近25%提高到82%以上。

Description

透红外光的含氟化物锗酸盐玻璃
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种含氟化物的锗酸盐玻璃,适用于用作工作波段位于近紫外到中红外波段的光学材料,特别适用于红外窗口。
背景技术:
常用透红外窗口材料包括晶体、玻璃等,要求材料在3~5μm范围有较高的透过率。这些材料在航天、军事及民用领域具有广泛的应用需求。锗酸盐玻璃是一种具有良好成玻璃性能好的重金属氧化物玻璃,锗酸盐玻璃具有良好的光学性能,电绝缘性能良好,25℃时的电阻为1013欧姆,锗酸盐玻璃具有较好的化学稳定性,折射率可以根据要求进行调整,紫外区域的截止波长小于400nm,红外截止波长约为6μm,因此锗酸盐玻璃是一种常用的红外窗口材料。
L.H.Dennis于1926年首次报道了透明锗酸盐玻璃(GeO2),但锗酸盐玻璃并没有得到广泛应用,其主要原因是锗酸盐玻璃制备温度高,玻璃中含有大量氢氧基团会导致产生许多缺陷,如析晶、气泡等。此后M.K.Murthy等(参见在先技术①Phys.Chem.Glasses,8,26,1967)、M.J.Fairweather等(参见在先技术②J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,56,349,1973)、Urnes(参见在先技术③Phys.Chem.Glasses,12,82,1971)相继报道了含R2O、M2O3、GeO2组分的三元系统锗酸盐玻璃,K.E.Lipinska-Kalita等(参见在先技术④J.Non-Crystal Solids,119,41,1990)报道了含R2O、Al2O3(Ga2O3)、Fe2O3、GeO2组分的锗酸盐玻璃,Shelby等(参见在先技术⑤J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,66,414,1983)报道了二元系统的锗酸盐玻璃,然而这些锗酸盐玻璃大多数属于学术探讨范畴,并没有得到实际应用。Higby和Aggarwal(参见在先技术⑥J.Non-Cryst.Solids 163,303,1993)报道了BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2三元系统锗酸盐玻璃,Sanghera等(参见在先技术⑦XIIInternational Symposium Non Oxide Glasses and advanced Materials(Brazil),15,2000)制得了直径达8英寸的BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2玻璃。
锗酸盐玻璃在红外窗口特别是大型红外窗口应用方面获得实际应用,以下几个关键问题必须得到克服:
(1)熔化温度高:一般锗酸盐玻璃的熔制温度几乎都高于1400℃,甚至超过1550℃,这样对熔制的设备要求就高。
(2)粘度大:锗酸盐玻璃粘度非常高,这样在玻璃熔制时产生的气体不容易排除,浇注困难,容易产生气泡、条纹等缺陷,影响玻璃的质量,难于满足光学要求。
(3)水分去除:氧化物锗酸盐玻璃含水量大,使玻璃容易失透,这也是目前氧化物锗酸盐玻璃不能做大的主要原因,因此水分的去除是首先要解决的问题。
在制备锗酸盐玻璃的过程中,水分子很容易混入锗酸盐玻璃,导致氢氧基团存在于玻璃结构中,一方面造成玻璃容易失透,化学稳定性降低,另一方面会在约波长3μm处产生一个强吸收,玻璃在3.0到4.0μm波段之间的信号传输也会受到很大影响。单靠玻璃熔制过程中的工艺措施无法消除水分的影响,如果受氢氧基吸收影响较大的波段处于窗口的主要工作区,水分的影响将是致命的。
以上问题的解决,必须从玻璃组成上进行改进,才能从根本上实现。
发明内容:
在本发明中,为了解决上述问题,将氟化物和氧化物玻璃相结合,提供一种新的锗酸盐玻璃组成。玻璃组成调整的关键是在锗酸盐玻璃中引入二价金属氟化物(MF2)、三价金属氟化物(M′F3)或者四价金属氟化物(M″F4),这些氟化物的引入降低了玻璃熔化温度、粘度和折射率,使玻璃中OH基团含量大幅度减小,明显增加了3~5μm波段的透过率。
本发明中玻璃各组分按摩尔(mol)百分比含量范围如下:
GeO2                                         45~80%mol
MF2(BaF2或MgF2或CaF2或SrF2或ZnF2)     10~35%mol
M′F3(GaF3或InF3或AIF3或ReF3)           5~35%mol
M″F4(ZrF4或HfF4)                          0~35%mol
MO或M′2O3                                  5~35%mol
注:表中Re代表稀土金属元素,其中M是Ba,或Mg,或Ca,或Sr,或Zn;M′是Ga,或In,或Al,或稀土金属元素;M″是Zr,或Hf。
在本发明中,玻璃主要组分包含GeO2,含量在45~80%mol之间,玻璃组成中同时至少包含两种金属氟化物,它们是二价金属氟化物(MF2)和三价金属氟化物(M′F3),或四价金属氟化物(M″F4)。二价金属氟化物(MF2)可以是BaF2,或者是MgF2或CaF2或SrF2或ZnF2等,二价金属氟化物含量在10~35%mol之间;三价金属氟化物(M′F3)包括GaF3或InF3或AlF3或稀土氟化物,含量在5~35%mol范围;四价金属氟化物(M″F4)为ZrF4或HfF4,含量在0~35%mol之间。玻璃中这些氟化物可以部分被相应的氧化物所取代。
按本发明上述的玻璃组成,玻璃熔化温度不超过1400℃,玻璃粘度明显减小,玻璃形成能力得到提高,OH基吸收明显减小,如在在先技术中以BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2(20-15-65,摩尔百分比)组成的重金属氧化物玻璃,熔化温度不低于1420℃,玻璃析晶温度Tx与玻璃转变温度Tg之差ΔT(通常用来衡量玻璃形成能力)为150℃,3μm处的透过率(5mm样品)约为25%;本发明中以BaF2等替代BaO后,玻璃熔化温度不超过1370℃,3μm处的透过率(5mm样品)由约25%提高到82%以上。
附图说明:
图1是在先技术中玻璃组成为20%BaO-15%Ga2O3-65%GeO2(摩尔百分比)的玻璃红外波段的透过谱,样品厚度为5mm。
图2是本发明玻璃组成为20%BaF2-10%Ga2O3-5%GaF3-65%GeO2(摩尔百分比)的玻璃红外波段的透过谱,样品厚度为5mm。
具体实施方式:
本发明的优势在于,仅通过玻璃组成的改进即可改善锗酸盐氧化物玻璃的诸多缺陷,不需要特殊的工艺过程,只须按照一般的玻璃制备过程即可实现。以下为一些具体实施实例。
例1:由BaF2-GaF3-Ga2O3-GeO2构成的玻璃组成,各化合物含量为10%-5%-5%-80%(摩尔百分比),100g玻璃于铂坩埚中按常规玻璃制备方法熔制,熔化温度1350℃,制得的玻璃为无色透明。
例2:由MgF2-BaF2-GaF3-In2O3-GeO2构成的玻璃组成,各化合物含量为5%-15%-10%-6%-64%(摩尔百分比),100g玻璃于铂坩埚中按常规玻璃制备方法熔制,熔化温度1370℃,制得的玻璃为无色透明。
例3:由BaF2-AlF3-Ga2O3-GeO2构成的玻璃组成,各化合物含量为30%-10%-15%-45%(摩尔百分比),100g玻璃于铂坩埚中按常规玻璃制备方法熔制,熔化温度1350℃,制得的玻璃为无色透明。
例4:由BaF2-ZrF4-GaF3-Ga2O3-GeO2构成的玻璃组成,各化合物含量为20%-10%-5%-5%-60%(摩尔百分比),100g玻璃于铂坩埚中按常规玻璃制备方法熔制,熔化温度1300℃,制得的玻璃为无色透明。

Claims (1)

1.一种透红外光的含氟化物锗酸盐玻璃,主要组分包含GeO2,其特征在于玻璃的组分含量按摩尔百分比为:含有45~80%的GeO2,含有10~35%的MF2,含有5~35%的M′F3,含有0~35%的M″F4,含有5~35%的MO或M′2O3,上述的M是Ba,或Mg,或Ca,或Sr,或Zn;M′是Ga,或In,或Al,或稀土金属元素;M″是Zr,或Hf。
CNB021111405A 2002-03-22 2002-03-22 透红外光的含氟化物锗酸盐玻璃 Expired - Fee Related CN1148326C (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101164940B (zh) * 2007-09-29 2010-11-24 苏州恒仓红外光学材料研发中心有限责任公司 透红外镓酸盐玻璃

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6043160B2 (ja) * 2012-11-13 2016-12-14 株式会社住田光学ガラス GeO2系赤外線透過ガラス
CN109704575B (zh) * 2019-03-11 2021-06-18 江苏师范大学 一种光热敏折变中红外玻璃及其制备方法
CN112777940A (zh) * 2021-01-27 2021-05-11 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 一种宽红外透过波段的氟铟酸盐玻璃及其制备方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101164940B (zh) * 2007-09-29 2010-11-24 苏州恒仓红外光学材料研发中心有限责任公司 透红外镓酸盐玻璃

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