CN114811024B - Automatic gear speed variator - Google Patents
Automatic gear speed variator Download PDFInfo
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- CN114811024B CN114811024B CN202210518211.9A CN202210518211A CN114811024B CN 114811024 B CN114811024 B CN 114811024B CN 202210518211 A CN202210518211 A CN 202210518211A CN 114811024 B CN114811024 B CN 114811024B
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 26
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D13/00—Friction clutches
- F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
- F16D13/38—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
- F16D13/52—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
- F16D41/12—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic gear transmission, which comprises a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system. The method is characterized in that: the steel ball groove frame of the operating device is connected with the driving frame of the reverse acting device through a guide rod, the driving frame is elastically connected with the small support of the multi-disc friction clutch through a waist drum spring, the multi-disc friction clutch consists of the small support, a steel friction plate, a large support and a friction plate, the small support consists of a convex check ring, a cylinder seat, an inner convex sliding sleeve, an inner clamping spring groove or an inner convex block, the left end of the cylinder seat is provided with the convex check ring, the outer circle of the cylinder seat is provided with an outer spline sliding fit for assembling the steel friction plate, the inner circle of the cylinder seat is provided with the inner convex sliding sleeve and is provided with a slave dynamic pressure spring seat, and the inner convex sliding sleeve is assembled on the sliding shaft of the reverse acting device in a sliding fit manner. The automatic gear speed changer adopts the reverse action device, the multi-plate friction clutch and the bidirectional transmission clutch to match with gear shifting, thereby achieving the effects of driving comfort and saving electricity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic gear shifting and speed changing device in an electric vehicle driving system, in particular to an automatic gear shifting and speed changing device assembled on a rear axle of an electric vehicle, which can also be applied to middle-set driving of a two-wheel vehicle and belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission.
Background
At present, an electric vehicle on the market is generally not provided with an automatic gear transmission, the torque is small, the current is large, the climbing, the speed increasing and the loading are realized by multiplying the current, and particularly, the electric vehicle needs to climb frequently in mountain areas and hilly areas, consumes large electric quantity and greatly reduces the continuous mileage. The storage battery has short service life and is easy to burn out the motor and the controller. The existing manual gear shifting is also inconvenient, the vehicle is required to be stopped for gear shifting, and the transportation efficiency is low.
In the prior art, the automatic transmission disclosed in Chinese patent application (application number: 201520367985.1) comprises a gear transmission system, a gear shifting mechanism executing system and a power connection system, wherein the gear shifting mechanism executing system comprises an operating device, a reverse acting device and a gear shifting switching device; the gear shifting switching device is characterized in that the driven frame is sleeved on the input shaft, the driven frame sliding sleeve is assembled with a crank of the guide rod, the guide rod is assembled with the movable combination body, and the movable combination body is combined with or separated from the rotary combination body to realize gear shifting to change the speed. When the movable combined body is combined with or separated from the rotary combined body, the transmission impact is large and the energy cannot be produced.
The prior art can not solve the actual problems of the driving comfort of the driving axle of the electric vehicle and the prolonged service life of the clutch in practical application, and the automatic speed changer aims to solve the problems, and mainly improves the manufacturing process of parts of the automatic speed changer disclosed in Chinese patent application No. 202210089768.5 and reduces the production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: the problems of serious gear shifting impact and low transmission efficiency in the application of the rear axle driving of the current automatic gear transmission technology are solved. But rather employs a multi-plate friction clutch to address the shock issues of shifting. The invention provides an automatic gear transmission which is applied to electric vehicle driving to improve the efficiency of vehicle transmission machinery and is comfortable for gear shifting smooth driving.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
An automatic transmission, comprising: the machine shell encapsulates engine oil, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system, wherein the transmission switching system is composed of an operating device, a reverse acting device, a multi-plate friction clutch and a bidirectional transmission clutch.
The steel ball groove frame of the operating device is connected with the driving frame of the reverse acting device through a guide rod, the driving frame of the reverse acting device is elastically connected with the small support of the multi-disc friction clutch through a waist drum spring, the small support is a driven frame of the reverse acting device, the multi-disc friction clutch consists of a small support, a steel friction plate, a large support and a friction plate, the small support consists of an outer convex check ring, a cylinder seat, an inner convex sliding sleeve, an inner clamping spring groove or an inner convex block, the left end of the cylinder seat is provided with the outer convex check ring, the outer circle of the cylinder seat is provided with an outer spline sliding fit assembly steel friction plate, the inner circle of the cylinder seat is provided with an inner convex sliding sleeve and is provided with a driven dynamic spring seat, the inner convex sliding sleeve is assembled on a sliding shaft of the reverse acting device in a sliding fit manner, the sleeve seat at the right end of the large support is assembled and fixed with a second-gear driving gear, and the steel friction plate is assembled alternately.
The operating device is preferably a steel ball operating device, and the steel ball operating device comprises: the steel ball groove frame, the steel ball and the inclined surface claw frame are provided with a sleeve seat, the sleeve seat is provided with an inner tooth bar which is assembled on the input shaft in a sliding fit manner, the right end of the sleeve seat is provided with a through hole which is assembled with the guide rod, the outer circle of the sleeve seat is circumferentially distributed with a plurality of steel ball grooves, the right end of the outer circle of the steel ball groove frame is provided with a positioning claw, the positioning claw protrudes towards the right end, the positioning claws are in sliding fit with a plurality of positioning sliding blocks, the circumference of the positioning sliding blocks and the circumference of the inclined surface claw are distributed on the inner circular surface of the inclined surface claw frame, the circular arc surface of the steel ball groove is provided with an opening, and V-shaped openings are arranged between the circumferentially distributed steel ball grooves; the steel ball groove is assembled with a corresponding inclined surface claw, a steel ball arranged in the steel ball groove is in inclined contact with the inclined surface claw, the notch of the steel ball groove is rightward, the inclined surface of the inclined surface claw is leftward, the right end of the inclined surface claw is provided with a convex claw, the convex claw is assembled on a through hole of a left clamping plate of the reverse acting device, the right large ring end of the large tower spring is in contact with the left end face of the steel ball groove frame, the left small ring end of the large tower spring is in contact with a retainer ring, the left end of the retainer ring is in contact with an outer clamping spring, the automatic transmission disclosed in the prior art Chinese patent application (application number: 201510291975.9) has specific description on the steel ball frame and the movable sleeve, the structure of the automatic transmission is the same as that of the steel ball operating device in the prior art, and only the connection of the reverse acting device is operated to change the steel ball frame to the axial reciprocating motion of the inclined surface claw frame. The big tower spring can be fixed by two spring seat sheets, so that the inclination effect of the pressure of the big tower spring is reduced.
The middle part of the inner circle of the cylinder seat of the small bracket is provided with four inward convex sliding sleeves, two end parts of each inward convex sliding sleeve are respectively provided with an inward clamping spring groove for assembling spring seat clamping springs, each spring seat clamping spring is provided with four circular arc-shaped notches, the circular arc-shaped notches and sliding holes of the inward convex sliding sleeves are correspondingly and slidably assembled on four sliding shafts of the reverse acting device, and the opening directions of the two spring seat clamping springs are reversely assembled.
The middle part of the inner circle of the cylinder seat of the small bracket is provided with four inward convex sliding sleeves, an inward convex block is arranged between every two inward convex sliding sleeves to assemble the double-group spring seat, and the inward convex block is square and is assembled and fixed with a square through hole in the middle of the double-group spring seat; or two long-strip-shaped inner convex blocks are arranged between every two inner convex sliding sleeves to assemble I-shaped double-group spring seats, and each two long-strip-shaped inner convex blocks are assembled and fixed with one I-shaped double-group spring seat. The method of press-riveting and fixing can be adopted.
The driven pressure spring seat is formed by combining two spring seat clamping springs, or two double-group spring seat or three spring seat clamping springs. The assembly of the three spring seat clamp springs is required to be provided with a balance weight of dynamic balance.
The reverse action device selects a sliding shaft type external reversing device, two groups of spindle spring seats are arranged on the driving frame, an inner convex rack is arranged in a sleeve seat inner circle of the driving frame and is matched with a groove of the input shaft in a sliding manner, two square inner convex blocks of the small support are respectively assembled and fixed with a double-group spring seat, the driving frame is elastically connected with the small support through eight waist drum springs, and a clamping combination state or a loosening separation state of a steel friction plate and the friction plate is formed between the left end face of an inner check ring at the right end of the large support and the right end face of an outer check ring of the small support.
In order to increase torque transmission of the multi-disc friction clutch, three groups of fusiform spring seats are actively arranged and three groups of spring seat clamping springs are assembled on the small support, the clamping ring seats are elastically connected through twelve waist drum springs, the right end of a right clamping plate of the sliding shaft type external reversing device is fixed with the clamping ring seats, and a clamping combination state or a loosening separation state for the steel friction plate and the friction plate is formed between the left end face of the clamping ring seats and the right end face of an external convex clamping ring of the small support. The right clamping plate and the retainer ring seat can be integrally formed.
A rubber gasket is arranged between the small bracket of the reverse acting device and the left clamping plate, and the rubber gasket is assembled on the sliding shaft. The rubber gasket can be matched with the annular check ring arranged on the left clamping plate, the left end of the small bracket inner convex sliding sleeve can also be provided with an annular ring, and the impact of the small bracket is relieved when the multi-plate friction clutch is separated. Protecting the geometry of the parts. The rubber gasket is large in pressure area to ensure service life.
The gear transmission system comprises an input shaft, an external spline, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-gear driving gear, a second-gear driving gear, a retainer ring, an external clamp spring, a multi-plate friction clutch, a sliding shaft type external reversing device, a guide rod, a steel ball operating device, a big tower spring, a retainer ring, an external clamp spring and a bearing, wherein the input shaft is sequentially provided with the external spline, the oil seal, the bearing, the first-gear driving gear, the second-gear driving gear, the retainer ring, the external clamp spring, the sliding shaft type external reversing device, the guide rod and the steel ball operating device from right to left, the external spline is arranged at a cylindrical part at the left end of the second-gear driving gear and is assembled and fixed with a sleeve seat at the right end of a big support through the external clamp spring, the first-gear driving gear is a shaft gear machined by the input shaft, the first-gear driving gear and the second-gear driving gear are respectively meshed with the first-gear driven gear and the second-gear driven gear assembled on a driven shaft, and the first-gear driven gear is assembled with a bidirectional transmission clutch.
The control device can also adopt a flyweight and crank control device, the left end of the left clamping plate of the reverse action device is provided with a lug which is assembled with the crank through a pin shaft, and the left end of the crank is fixed with an arc flyweight. The flyweight crank throw and the pressure spring are matched to push the sliding sleeve, the through hole of the sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank throw at the right end of the guide rod, the guide rod penetrates through the left clamping plate to be assembled with the through hole of the driving frame sleeve seat through the crank throw at the right end, the right end face of the sliding sleeve is contacted with the cambered surface claw at the right side of the crank throw, the left end face of the sliding sleeve is contacted with the right end of the pressure spring, the pressure spring is sleeved on the left side of the input shaft, the left end of the pressure spring is contacted with the check ring, and the check ring is contacted with the outer clamping spring. The lugs can be circumferentially arranged into three groups, and correspondingly, three crank assemblies are adopted.
The sliding shaft type external reversing device is characterized in that a driving frame assembled by a control frame is elastically connected with a small support through a waist drum spring, the control frame is assembled by a right clamping plate and a left clamping plate through a sliding shaft, a shuttle-shaped spring seat of the driving frame and a double-group spring seat assembled by the small support can be formed by laser cutting and cold working through 65 manganese plates with the thickness of one point of five millimeters, and heat treatment is performed after forming to ensure the service life.
The principle of the sliding shaft type external reversing device is the same as that of the known integral linkage external reversing device.
The reverse action device is a known technology, and can obtain a completely feasible performance effect in a test run experiment. The reverse operation device is specifically described in an automatic transmission disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201210125541.8. The integrated linkage internal reversing device is also a known technology, and is specifically described in an automatic transmission disclosed in chinese patent application (application number: 201510291975.9). After knowing the integral linkage internal reversing device, the integral linkage external reversing device can be known, and only the stroke of the driven frame of the integral linkage internal reversing device is increased to be changed into a driving frame of the integral linkage external reversing device and the stroke of the driving frame is reduced to be changed into a driven frame of the integral linkage external reversing device. The small bracket in the patent application is a driven bracket in the reversing action device and is also a driven bracket of the integral linkage external reversing device.
The bidirectional transmission clutch includes: the outer pawl clutch and the centrifugal clutch are matched and assembled on a driven shaft with a first-gear driven gear, a reversing driving ratchet is arranged on the right end face of the outer ring of the first-gear driven gear and is engaged with or separated from the centrifugal clutch, and the centrifugal clutch comprises: the ratchet disc is in spline sliding fit with the driven shaft, the left end face of the ratchet disc is provided with a large convex ring and a conical surface ring, the left end face of the large convex ring is provided with a reversing driven ratchet, the reversing driving ratchet is matched with the reversing driven ratchet, the left end face of the ratchet disc is also provided with an inner conical surface ring, the inner conical surface ring is in contact with the steel ball, the steel ball is assembled on an outer circular ring and a right convex outer circular surface of the circular disc, a plurality of baffle plates are circumferentially arranged on the outer circular ring and the right convex outer circular surface, a steel ball cavity is arranged between each two baffle plates, the circular disc is assembled with the driven shaft through a spline, the right end face of the ratchet disc is provided with a compressed tower spring, the right end of the tower spring is a baffle ring, the right end of the baffle ring is an outer clamp spring, and the left end of the circular disc is an outer clamp spring. The automatic transmission disclosed in the prior art chinese patent application (application number 202210089768.5) has a specific description of a bidirectional transmission clutch, and its structure is the same as that of the bidirectional transmission clutch described in the present patent application.
The right end of the input shaft passes through the right half shell of the shell and is in transmission connection with the power motor, the left end of the input shaft passes through the left half shell and is assembled with the bearing at the bottom of the cylinder cover, and the left end of the driven shaft stretches out of the shell assembly chain wheel to output power through chain transmission or the driven shaft assembly bevel gear to output power through shaft transmission, so that the device can be applied to electric motorcycles with two-gear automatic speed change. The driven shaft middle processing shaft gear becomes a pinion gear which is meshed with the differential gear large gear and can be assembled on a driving axle of the electric vehicle.
The patent application is a technical improvement which is obtained by finding a new problem in a test run experiment, and is mainly used for perfecting the technology in the automatic gear speed changer named as Chinese invention patent application (application number: 20201532751. X), and is also an automatic gear speed changer disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202210089768.5) by adopting a flyweight crank operating device to operate a driving rack shuttle spring seat of a sliding shaft type linkage external reversing device. The patent application is a further technical supplement so as to facilitate large-scale production and manufacture, reduce the cost and improve the benefit of manufacture.
Compared with the prior art, the automatic gear transmission has the beneficial effects that:
1. The automatic gear transmission adopts the multi-plate friction clutch and the two-way transmission clutch to match for gear shifting, and the outer pawl clutch is matched for gear shifting when the vehicle moves forward, so that the consistency and reliability of power transmission are ensured, the phenomenon of speed reduction and reverse pulling is solved, the vehicle can slide during driving, and the operation is convenient and the power is saved.
2. The reverse gear adopts a centrifugal clutch, the speed of the motor vehicle is regulated and controlled by a controller of the motor vehicle to determine automatic clutch, the components are few, the friction loss during operation is small, the reverse gear is suitable for the actual condition of the reverse gear of the motor vehicle at a low speed, the mass production is convenient, and the economic benefit is remarkable
3. The reverse action device is matched with the multi-plate friction clutch to realize gear shifting, so that transmission impact is buffered during gear shifting, the buffered rotating speed difference range is large, and the service life of the electric vehicle is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment overdrive of an automatic transmission of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a steel ball groove frame.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a beveled claw holder.
Fig. 4 is an end-to-left view of the reverse-acting device.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a first structural small stent.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an active carriage.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a second structural small stent.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a dual set spring seat.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a spring seat clip.
Fig. 10 is an assembled schematic view of a dual set waist drum spring reversing action and a multi-plate friction clutch.
Fig. 11 is an assembled schematic view of three sets of drum springs reversing action and a multi-plate friction clutch.
In the figure: 1. input shaft, 2, first gear driven gear, 3, two-way transmission clutch, 4, driven shaft, 5, pinion, 6, second gear driven gear, 7, reverse acting device, 8, multi-plate friction clutch, 9, steel ball operating device, 10, steel ball, 11, cylinder cover, 12, big tower spring, 13, inclined claw rack, 14, guide rod, 15, big bracket, 16, left half shell, 17, second gear driving gear, 18, first gear driving gear, 19, steel ball groove rack, 20, through hole, 21, steel ball groove, 22, inclined claw, 23, small bracket, 24, slide shaft, 25, waist drum spring, 26, positioning hole, 27, a driving frame, 28, an outer convex retainer ring, 29, a cylinder seat, 30, an inner convex block, 31, an inner convex sliding sleeve, 32, a double-group spring seat, 33, a through hole, 34, a compression spring seat, 35, an inner convex block, 36, a double-group spring seat, 37, a square hole, 38, a compression spring seat, 39, a spring seat clamping spring, 40, a compression spring seat, 41, an outer clamping spring, 42, an outer clamping spring, 43, a right clamping plate, 44, a spring seat clamping spring, 45, a left clamping plate, 46, a rubber gasket, 47, a friction plate, 48, a steel friction plate, 49, a groove, 50, a shaft step, 51, an inner convex ring, 52, a spring seat clamping spring, 53, a lug, 54 and a retainer ring seat.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, fig. 1 is an embodiment overdrive of an automatic transmission of the present invention. Including casing encapsulation machine oil, transmission switching system and gear drive system, the transmission switching system includes: the steel ball operating device 9, the reverse acting device 7, the multi-plate friction clutch 8 and the bidirectional transmission clutch 3, a steel ball groove frame 19 of the steel ball operating device is connected with a driving frame 27 of the reverse acting device 7 through two guide rods 14, a steel friction plate 48 is assembled on the outer circle of a small support 23 of the multi-plate friction clutch, an inward convex sliding sleeve 31 and a driven dynamic spring seat are arranged on the inner circle of a cylinder seat 29 of the small support, the inward convex sliding sleeve is assembled on a sliding shaft 24 of the reverse acting device 7 in a sliding fit manner, a driven pressure spring seat is elastically connected with the driving frame pressure spring seat of the reverse acting device through a waist drum spring 25, a friction plate 47 is assembled on the inner circle of a large support 15 of the multi-plate friction clutch, the large support is fixedly assembled with a second-gear driving gear 17, and the steel friction plate 48 is assembled with the friction plate in an overlapping manner.
The steel ball handling device 9 includes: the steel ball groove frame 19, the steel ball 10 and the inclined-plane claw frame 13 are provided with a sleeve seat, the sleeve seat is provided with an inner tooth bar which is assembled on the input shaft 1 in a sliding fit manner, the right end of the sleeve seat is provided with a through hole 20 which is assembled with the guide rod 14, six steel ball grooves 21 are circumferentially distributed on the outer circle of the sleeve seat, the right end of the outer circle of the steel ball groove frame is provided with a positioning claw which protrudes towards the right end and is in sliding fit with the positioning sliding block, the arc surface of the steel ball groove is provided with an opening, and V-shaped openings are arranged between the circumferentially distributed steel ball grooves; the steel ball groove is assembled with the corresponding inclined plane claw, the steel ball 10 arranged in the steel ball groove is in inclined plane contact with the inclined plane claw 22, the notch of the steel ball groove 21 is rightward, the inclined plane of the inclined plane claw 22 is leftward, the right end of the inclined plane claw is provided with a convex claw, the convex claw is assembled on a positioning hole 26 of a left clamping plate 45 of the reverse acting device, the large ring end on the right side of the large tower spring 12 is in contact with the left end face of the steel ball groove frame, the small ring end on the left side of the large tower spring is in contact with the retainer ring, the left end of the retainer ring is in contact with the outer clamping spring, and the steel ball groove frame can axially reciprocate relative to the inclined plane claw frame.
The multiplate friction clutch 7 includes: the small support 23, the steel friction disc 48, big support 15, friction disc 47, the small support can assemble the spring seat jump ring, and the small support includes: the outer convex retainer ring 28, the cylinder seat 29, the inner convex sliding sleeve 31 and the inner clamping spring groove, the outer convex retainer ring is arranged at the left end of the cylinder seat, the outer spline sliding fit assembly steel friction plate 48 is arranged at the outer circle of the cylinder seat, four inner convex sliding sleeves are arranged at the middle part of the inner circle of the cylinder seat, the inner clamping spring groove at the left end part of the inner convex sliding sleeve is provided with the spring seat clamping spring 39, the inner clamping spring groove at the right end part of the inner convex sliding sleeve is provided with the spring seat clamping spring 44, the spring seat clamping spring 39 is assembled in the inner clamping spring groove at the left side, the spring seat clamping spring 39 is provided with four circular arc-shaped notches and four pressure spring seats 40 for assembling four waist drum springs, and the circular arc-shaped notches and the sliding holes of the inner convex sliding sleeve are correspondingly assembled on four sliding shafts of the reverse acting device in a sliding fit manner, and openings of the spring seat clamping spring 39 and the spring seat clamping spring 44 are reversely assembled.
The small support can also be assembled with double groups of spring seats, and the small support comprises: the outer convex retainer ring, the cylinder seat, the inner convex sliding sleeve 31 and the inner convex blocks, wherein four inner convex sliding sleeves are arranged at the middle part of the inner circle of the cylinder seat, an inner convex block 35 is arranged between every two inner convex sliding sleeves to assemble the double-group spring seat 36, the inner convex block 35 is square and is matched with a square through hole 37 in the middle of the double-group spring seat 36, the inner convex block 35 can be fixed through press riveting, the compression spring seat at the left end of the two double-group spring seat 36 is elastically connected with the fusiform compression spring seat at the left end of the driving frame through four waist drum springs, and the compression spring seat 38 at the right end of the two double-group spring seat is elastically connected with the compression spring seat 34 at the right end of the driving frame 27 through four waist drum springs. Four inward convex sliding sleeves of the small bracket are respectively assembled on four sliding shafts of the reverse acting device in a sliding fit way,
The reversing action device can be made into a sliding shaft type external reversing device, the driving frame 27 assembled by the control frame is elastically connected with the small support 23 through the waist drum spring 25, the control frame is assembled by the right clamping plate 43 and the left clamping plate 45 through the sliding shaft, the sliding sleeve seat of the driving frame 27 is provided with two through holes 33 to be assembled with the crank at the right end of two guide rods, the shuttle-shaped compression spring seat fixed at the two ends of the sliding sleeve seat of the driving frame and the double-group spring seat and spring seat clamping spring assembled by the small support can be formed by adopting 65 manganese plates with the thickness of one point and five millimeters through laser cutting and cold working, and heat treatment is carried out after the forming to ensure the service life.
In order to facilitate mass production, a small bracket of a multi-plate friction clutch of a small-power automatic transmission is provided with two double-group spring seats, a reverse action device is a sliding shaft type external reverse device, two groups of shuttle-shaped spring seats are actively supported, two strip-shaped inner lugs 30 of the small bracket are respectively provided with and fixed with an I-shaped double-group spring seat 32, the active bracket is elastically connected with the small bracket through eight waist drum springs, and a clamping state or a loosening state of a steel friction plate and the friction plate is formed between the left end face of an inner convex ring 51 at the right end of a large bracket and the right end face of an outer convex ring of the small bracket. The principle of the sliding shaft type external reversing device is the same as that of the known integral linkage external reversing device.
In order to increase the torque transmission of the multi-plate friction clutch, three groups of shuttle-shaped spring seats and three groups of spring seat clamping springs assembled by the small support are actively arranged and are elastically connected through twelve waist drum springs 25, a retainer ring seat 54 is fixed at the right end of a right clamping plate of the sliding shaft type external reversing device, and a clamping state or a loosening state of the steel friction plate 48 and the friction plate 47 is formed between the left end face of the retainer ring seat and the right end face of an external convex ring of the small support. The check ring seat and the rubber gasket 46 are used for controlling the round trip of the small bracket. The left side of the inner circle of the cylinder seat of the small bracket in fig. 11 is provided with a spring seat clamping spring 39, the middle is provided with a spring seat clamping spring 44 and the right is provided with a spring seat clamping spring 52.
In the gear transmission system, an input shaft 1 is sequentially provided with an external spline, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-gear driving gear, a second-gear driving gear 17, a retainer ring, an external retainer spring 41, a multi-piece friction clutch 8, a sliding shaft type external reversing device, a guide rod, a steel ball operating device, a big tower spring 12, a retainer ring, an external retainer spring and a bearing from right to left, wherein the second-gear driving gear is assembled and fixed with a sleeve seat at the right end of a big support 15 through an external retainer spring 42, the first-gear driving gear 18 is a shaft gear machined by the input shaft, the first-gear driving gear and the second-gear driving gear 17 are respectively meshed with a first-gear driven gear 2 and a second-gear driven gear 6 assembled on a driven shaft 4, and the first-gear driven gear is assembled with a bidirectional transmission clutch 3. The right end of the input shaft passes through the right half shell of the shell and is in transmission connection with the power motor, the left end of the input shaft passes through the left half shell 16 and is assembled with the bearing at the bottom of the cylinder cover 11, and the left end of the driven shaft stretches out of the shell assembly chain wheel to output power through chain transmission or the driven shaft assembly bevel gear to output power through shaft transmission, so that the device can be applied to a two-gear automatic speed-changing electric motorcycle. The driven shaft middle processing shaft gear becomes a pinion 5 which is meshed with a differential gear large gear and can be assembled on a drive axle of the electric vehicle.
The speed change principle and the operation process of the automatic gear speed changer are as follows:
the overrunning shift actuator is described with an embodiment of an automatic transmission, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9. The automatic gear shifting device belongs to automatic gear shifting of rotating speed, a steel ball operating device 9 is used for operating a spindle-type outer reversing device 7, a small support spring seat clamp spring of the spindle-type outer reversing device is connected with a small support through eight waist drum springs in an elastic mode, a control frame of the spindle-type outer reversing device is assembled on an input shaft in a positioning mode through an outer retainer ring, and the reciprocating motion of the small support realizes gear shifting of transmission through a multi-plate friction clutch 8.
When the vehicle starts forward and runs at a low speed, the steel ball operating device 9 is in an initial state, the left end of the second gear driving gear 17 is in a separation state through a multi-plate friction clutch 8 assembled by a large bracket, and the first gear transmission is realized by a two-way transmission clutch assembled by the first gear driven gear 2. When the vehicle is accelerated to run at a high speed, the centrifugal clutch 3 is in a separation state under the action of the centrifugal force of the small steel balls, the steel ball operating device 9 operates the sliding shaft type external reversing device 7 to generate a reversing action along with the increase of the vehicle speed, the multi-disc friction clutch 8 is combined to drive the second gear, the second gear drive accelerates the vehicle, the external pawl clutch realizes overrunning separation, and in a high-speed section of the vehicle running, the pawl is separated from the ratchet wheel under the action of the centrifugal force, so that the power loss of the bidirectional transmission clutch is reduced to the minimum, and the effect of saving electricity is achieved.
When the vehicle is in front of the vehicle and needs to run or stop at a reduced speed, the running speed of the vehicle is changed from high speed to low speed, the steel ball operating device returns to a low-speed operating state under the action of the big tower springs, the driving frame of the sliding shaft type external reversing device moves rightwards, the eight waist drum springs push the spring seat clamping springs leftwards, the small support moves leftwards to realize second gear separation, first gear transmission is realized by the external pawl clutch assembled by the first gear driven gear 2, and the first gear running state can also realize speed reduction and stop. When the speed of the vehicle is reduced to a slow speed state, the centrifugal clutch is in a combined state by the action of the small tower spring. When the vehicle needs to be reversed, the motor is reversed to limit the speed of the vehicle by the controller, and the centrifugal clutch realizes reversing transmission. The speed of the reversing is limited, so that the second gear is always in a separated state, and the reversing can be smoothly performed.
The second gear shown in fig. 1 is in a disengaged state, which indicates that the automatic transmission is in a low-rotation-speed running state or a parking state, and the low-rotation-speed running state may be a reverse state or a first-gear forward state. The operation of the automatic transmission of the invention is very simple-! When the running resistance of the vehicle is reduced, the speed is increased, and the operation is accelerated, the motor speed is increased, and the steel ball operates the slide shaft type external reversing device to generate reversing action so as to realize automatic engagement of second gear and realize high-speed running. When the resistance of the travelling crane is increased or the operation is decelerated, the steel ball of the automatic gear transmission operates the sliding shaft type external reversing device to generate reversing action by the return action of the large tower spring so as to realize automatic separation of the second gear and return to the first gear for large torque driving, and the automatic gear transmission can decelerate and stop at the moment. Thus, the forward automatic second gear transmission of the automatic transmission is realized periodically.
Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, such as a driven shaft-mounted bevel gear drive hub applied to a two-wheeled electric motorcycle, and such as a multiple-plate friction clutch that can be elastically connected by twelve waist drum springs using three sets of shuttle springs and three sets of spring seat springs to increase transmission torque. Many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An automatic transmission, comprising: the machine shell encapsulates engine oil, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system, wherein the transmission switching system is composed of an operating device, a reverse acting device, a multi-plate friction clutch and a bidirectional transmission clutch;
The method is characterized in that: the steel ball groove frame of the operating device is connected with the driving frame of the reverse acting device through a guide rod, the driving frame of the reverse acting device is elastically connected with the small support of the multi-disc friction clutch through a waist drum spring, the small support is a driven frame of the reverse acting device, the multi-disc friction clutch consists of a small support, a steel friction plate, a large support and a friction plate, the small support consists of an outer convex check ring, a cylinder seat, an inner convex sliding sleeve, an inner clamping spring groove or an inner convex block, the left end of the cylinder seat is provided with the outer convex check ring, the outer circle of the cylinder seat is provided with an outer spline sliding fit assembly steel friction plate, the inner circle of the cylinder seat is provided with an inner convex sliding sleeve and is provided with a driven dynamic spring seat, the inner convex sliding sleeve is assembled on a sliding shaft of the reverse acting device in a sliding fit manner, the sleeve seat at the right end of the large support is assembled and fixed with a second-gear driving gear, and the steel friction plate is assembled alternately.
2. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: the middle part of the inner circle of the cylinder seat of the small bracket is provided with four inward convex sliding sleeves, two end parts of each inward convex sliding sleeve are respectively provided with an inward clamping spring groove for assembling spring seat clamping springs, each spring seat clamping spring is provided with four circular arc-shaped notches, the circular arc-shaped notches and sliding holes of the inward convex sliding sleeves are correspondingly and slidably assembled on four sliding shafts of the reverse acting device, and the opening directions of the two spring seat clamping springs are reversely assembled.
3. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: four inward convex sliding sleeves are arranged at the middle part of the inner circle of the cylinder seat of the small bracket, an inward convex block is arranged between every two inward convex sliding sleeves to assemble the double-group spring seat, and the inward convex block is square and is assembled and fixed with a square through hole in the middle of the double-group spring seat; or two long-strip-shaped inner convex blocks are arranged between every two inner convex sliding sleeves to assemble the I-shaped double-group spring seat, and each two long-strip-shaped inner convex blocks are assembled and fixed with one I-shaped double-group spring seat.
4. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driven pressure spring seat is formed by combining two spring seat clamping springs, or two double-group spring seat or three spring seat clamping springs.
5. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reverse action device selects a sliding shaft type external reversing device, the input shaft is provided with four grooves matched with the sliding shaft type external reversing device, a guide rod and a steel ball operating device, two groups of spindle-shaped spring seats are actively arranged, an inner convex rack is arranged in a sleeve seat of the active frame and is matched with the grooves of the input shaft in a sliding manner, four inner convex sliding sleeves are arranged in the middle of the inner circle of a cylinder seat of the small support, two groups of spring seats are assembled by an inner convex block between every two inner convex sliding sleeves, the inner convex block is square and is fixedly assembled by square through holes in the middle of the two groups of spring seats, two square inner convex blocks of the small support are respectively assembled and fixedly provided with one double-group spring seat, the active frame is elastically connected with the small support through eight waist drum springs, and a clamping combination state or a loosening separation state of a steel friction plate and a friction plate is formed between the left end face of an inner check ring at the right end face of an inner check ring of the right end of the large support and the right end face of the outer convex check ring of the small support.
6. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving frame is provided with three groups of shuttle-shaped spring seats and three groups of spring seat clamping springs assembled on the small support, the clamping springs are elastically connected through twelve waist drum springs, the right end of a right clamping plate of the sliding shaft type external reversing device is fixedly provided with a retaining ring seat, and a clamping combination state or a loosening separation state of a steel friction plate and the friction plate is formed between the left end face of the retaining ring seat and the right end face of an external convex retaining ring of the small support.
7. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gear transmission system comprises an input shaft, an external spline, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-gear driving gear, a second-gear driving gear, a multi-plate friction clutch, a sliding shaft type external reversing device, a guide rod, a steel ball operating device, a big tower spring, a retainer ring, an external clamp spring and a bearing, wherein the second-gear driving gear is assembled and assembled by a shaft step and an external clamp spring, the sleeve seat at the right end of the big support is assembled and fixed by the external clamp spring, the first-gear driving gear is a shaft gear machined by the input shaft, the first-gear driving gear and the second-gear driving gear are respectively meshed with a first-gear driven gear and a second-gear driven gear assembled on a driven shaft, and the first-gear driven gear is assembled with a bidirectional transmission clutch.
8. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: a rubber gasket is arranged between the small bracket of the reverse acting device and the left clamping plate, the rubber gasket is assembled on the sliding shaft, the rubber gasket can be matched with a circular check ring arranged on the left clamping plate, a circular ring is assembled at the left end of the convex sliding sleeve in the small bracket, and the left clamping plate is assembled in the inner circular space of the small bracket in a clearance fit manner.
9. The automatic transmission according to claim 8, characterized in that: the driving frame of the reverse acting device is connected with the sliding sleeve of the flyweight and crank operating device through a guide rod, the left end of the left clamping plate of the reverse acting device is provided with a lug which is assembled with the crank through a pin shaft, and the left end of the crank is fixed with an arc flyweight.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210518211.9A CN114811024B (en) | 2022-05-13 | 2022-05-13 | Automatic gear speed variator |
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| CN202210518211.9A CN114811024B (en) | 2022-05-13 | 2022-05-13 | Automatic gear speed variator |
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| CN114811024B true CN114811024B (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104930138A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-23 | 高邮市迅达工程机械集团有限公司 | Integrated gearbox |
| CN105864368A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-08-17 | 吉林博承传动系统科技有限公司 | Power-interrupting-free shifting speed changing box of electric vehicle and shifting control method of power-interrupting-free shifting speed changing box |
| CN107489743A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-19 | 向永川 | Automatic gear gearbox |
| CN112610662A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-06 | 向雨阳 | Automatic transmission |
| CN113236759A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-10 | 向永川 | Automatic transmission |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101452596B1 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-10-21 | 현대위아 주식회사 | Torque assist systemem and automated manual transmission employing the same |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104930138A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-23 | 高邮市迅达工程机械集团有限公司 | Integrated gearbox |
| CN105864368A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-08-17 | 吉林博承传动系统科技有限公司 | Power-interrupting-free shifting speed changing box of electric vehicle and shifting control method of power-interrupting-free shifting speed changing box |
| CN107489743A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-19 | 向永川 | Automatic gear gearbox |
| CN112610662A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-06 | 向雨阳 | Automatic transmission |
| CN113236759A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-10 | 向永川 | Automatic transmission |
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