CN113236759A

CN113236759A - Automatic transmission

Info

Publication number: CN113236759A
Application number: CN202110554968.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向永川
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-05-21
Filing date: 2021-05-21
Publication date: 2021-08-10

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic gear transmission, which comprises a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system, wherein a reverse action device is matched with a one-way conical clutch to realize gear shifting. The method is characterized in that: the reverse action device comprises the assembly of a spring seat of the driven frame and an outer conical surface ring and the assembly of a spring seat of the driving frame and a sliding sleeve seat, and the transmission switching system further comprises a manual hydraulic reverse gear. The spring seats are single groups of spring seats or double groups of spring seats, and the single groups of spring seats are assembled with the sliding sleeve seat or the outer conical surface ring through buckles or are assembled through a pressing plate and then welded with the pressing plate; the double-group spring seat is assembled with the sliding sleeve seat or the outer conical ring through a buckle or is assembled through a pressing plate and then welded with the pressing plate. The manual hydraulic reverse lever or the shift lever is also matched with a reverse microswitch and a forward microswitch of the electric vehicle. The automatic gear transmission is assembled on an electric vehicle, so that the climbing capability and the endurance mileage can be enhanced.

Description

Automatic transmission

Technical Field

The invention relates to an automatic gear shifting and speed changing device of an electric vehicle driving system, in particular to an automatic gear shifting and speed changing device assembled on a rear axle of an electric vehicle, which can be applied to middle drive of a two-wheel vehicle and belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission.

Background

At present, the electric vehicle on the market is not generally provided with an automatic transmission, the torque is small, the current is large, the climbing, the speed increasing and the load bearing are realized by multiplying the current, and particularly, the electric vehicle needs to frequently climb in mountainous areas and hilly areas, consumes large electric quantity and greatly reduces the continuous mileage. The battery has short service life and is easy to burn out the motor and the controller. The existing manual gear shifting is also very inconvenient, the vehicle needs to be stopped and then the gear shifting is operated, and the transportation efficiency is low.

In the prior art, the automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese utility model patent application (application No. 201520367985.1) includes a gear transmission system, a shift mechanism executing system, and a power connection system, wherein the shift mechanism executing system includes a control device, a reverse action device, and a shift switching device; the gear shifting switching device is characterized in that the driven frame is sleeved on the input shaft, the driven frame sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank of the guide rod, the guide rod is assembled with the moving combination body, and the moving combination body is combined with or separated from the rotating combination body to realize gear shifting and speed changing. When the movable combination body and the rotary combination body are combined or separated, the transmission impact is large, and the electric car is not suitable for being assembled on a high-grade electric car.

The automatic gear transmission can not well solve the practical problem that the driving of an electric vehicle driving axle is comfortable and reliable when the prior art is actually loaded, and mainly supplements the technology of the manufacturing process of parts of the automatic gear transmission disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202110226585.9) and is convenient for mass production in order to solve the problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the automatic transmission solves the problems of serious gear shifting impact and low transmission efficiency in the application of rear axle drive in the prior automatic transmission technology. A conical friction clutch is used to solve the shift shock problem. The invention provides an automatic gear transmission which is applied to electric vehicle driving to improve the mechanical efficiency of vehicle transmission and ensure smooth gear shifting and comfortable driving.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

an automatic gear transmission comprises machine shell packaged engine oil, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system, wherein the gear transmission system is double-shaft two-gear transmission or epicyclic gear train gear transmission, the transmission switching system comprises an operating device, and a reverse acting device is matched with a one-way conical clutch to realize gear shifting.

The reverse action device further comprises assembly of a spring seat of the driven frame and the outer conical surface ring, assembly of a spring seat of the driving frame and the sliding sleeve seat, and the transmission switching system further comprises manual hydraulic reverse gear.

The reverse action device is a sliding claw type integrated linkage external reverse device which is formed by elastically assembling a driving frame and a driven frame which are assembled by a control frame through a waist drum spring, the control frame is formed by assembling a sliding claw frame and a left clamping plate through an external clamping spring, the right end surface of the sliding claw frame is in a right convex cross shape, the middle of the sliding claw frame is a through hole, the left end of the sliding claw frame protrudes leftwards, the middle of the sliding claw frame is provided with a sleeve seat, the excircle position circumference is arranged and is equipped with four sliding claw, left splint middle part through-hole cover is on the cover seat of sliding claw frame, left splint excircle position be equipped with four openings of sliding claw adaptation, four sliding claw assemble on the opening, cover seat left end position is equipped with assembly step and outer jump ring groove, assembly step and left splint right-hand member face contact location, the driven frame slides in from the right-hand member of sliding claw through the spout, driven frame reverse motion is by outer conical surface circle and interior conical surface circle contact location right, driven frame reverse motion is by the open jaw contact location of left splint left side left. The sleeve seat of the sliding claw frame is provided with two openings and two inner racks matched with the input shaft grooves, the sliding sleeve seat is sleeved on the sleeve seat in a sliding fit mode, the sliding sleeve seat is provided with two through holes matched with the openings of the sleeve seat, the inner circles of the sliding sleeve seat are provided with the inner racks matched with the grooves of the sleeve seat, and the outer circle of the sliding sleeve seat is provided with a side groove assembly fixing spring seat.

Reverse acting devices are known in the art and give fully feasible results in trial runs. The reverse operation apparatus is specifically described in the automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese invention patent application (application No. 201210125541.8). The integrated linked internal reverse device is a well-known technology, and is specifically described in an automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese patent application (application No. 201510291975.9). The integral linkage outer reversing device can be known after the integral linkage inner reversing device is known, and only the stroke of the driven frame of the integral linkage inner reversing device is increased to be changed into the driving frame of the integral linkage outer reversing device and the stroke of the driving frame is reduced to be changed into the driven frame of the integral linkage outer reversing device.

The spring seat is a single group of spring seats or a double group of spring seats, and the single group of spring seats are assembled with the sliding sleeve or the outer conical ring through a buckle or are assembled through a pressing plate and then are welded with the pressing plate; the double-group spring seat is assembled with the sliding sleeve or the outer conical ring through a buckle or assembled through a pressing plate and then welded with the pressing plate. And the manual hydraulic reverse gear, the manual lever or the shift lever of which is also matched with a reverse microswitch and a forward microswitch of the electric vehicle, the forward microswitch contact is disconnected in the reverse state, and the lever or the shift lever touches a reverse microswitch button to close the contact.

The single group of spring seats assembled through the buckles are provided with a reverse buckling elastic sheet, a blocking sheet and two expansion head spring seats; a single group of spring seats of the pressing plate is assembled by the pressing plate and then welded with the pressing plate, and is provided with a through hole matched with a convex block of the pressing plate and two expansion head spring seats; the double-group spring seat assembled through the buckle is provided with an inverted buckle elastic sheet, a blocking sheet and four expansion head spring seats; the double-group spring seat assembled by the pressing plate and welded with the pressing plate is provided with a through hole matched with the convex block of the pressing plate and four expansion head spring seats.

The inner circle of the outer conical surface coil of the driven frame is provided with an inner notch which is assembled with a single-group spring seat or a double-group spring seat through a buckle, the inner notch is also provided with a side groove and a small notch, the small notch is matched with the inverted elastic sheet and is positioned through the contact of a small end surface, and the left end of the inner notch is positioned through the contact of a blocking sheet of the single-group spring seat or the double-group spring seat; the inner circle of the outer conical ring is also provided with a sliding groove in sliding fit with the sliding claw.

The inner circle of the outer conical surface coil of the driven frame is provided with a single-group spring seat or a double-group spring seat, an inner notch is assembled through a pressing plate and then the pressing plate is welded, the inner notch is in contact positioning with the single-group spring seat or the double-group spring seat, the single-group spring seat or the double-group spring seat is provided with a through hole which is matched with a convex block of the pressing plate, and the side edge of the pressing plate is in contact welding fixation with the opposite end surface of the inner notch; the inner circle of the outer conical ring is also provided with a sliding groove in sliding fit with the sliding claw.

The outer circle of the sliding sleeve seat of the driving frame is provided with an outer notch which is assembled with a single-group spring seat or a double-group spring seat through a buckle, a side groove and a small notch are also arranged in the outer notch, the small notch is matched with the inverted elastic sheet and is positioned through the contact of a small end face, and the left end of the outer notch is positioned through the contact of a blocking sheet of the single-group spring seat or the double-group spring seat; the inner circle of the sliding sleeve seat is also provided with an inner rack and a through hole, and the through hole is assembled with a guide rod.

The outer circle of the sliding sleeve seat of the driving frame is provided with an outer notch, and a single-group spring seat or a double-group spring seat is welded and assembled through a pressing plate; the inner circle of the sliding sleeve seat is also provided with two inner racks and two through holes, and the guide rod is assembled in the through holes. The single-group spring seat comprises a single-group pressing plate assembling spring seat and a single-group buckling spring seat, and the double-group spring seat comprises a double-group pressing plate assembling spring seat and a double-group buckling spring seat.

The single group of spring seats of the driven frame and the single group of spring seats of the driving frame are assembled to form two pairs of extruded elastic connections through four waist drum springs respectively, and the waist drum springs are always in a compressed state. The double-group spring seat of the driven frame is assembled with the double-group spring seat of the driving frame through eight waist drum springs to form four pairs of extruded elastic connections, and the waist drum springs are always in a compressed state. The control frame is fixed on the input shaft through the retainer ring in a positioning assembly mode.

The one-way conical clutch, the cylinder sleeve and the second-gear driving gear are assembled and positioned by the shaft step and the outer retaining ring, the left end of the cylinder sleeve is fixed with the disc, the outer circle of the disc is provided with the outer retaining ring and the left convex ring, the left convex ring is provided with the outer spline and the outer retaining ring groove, the small-diameter end of the inner convex ring is provided with the inner convex ring, the inner convex ring is provided with the spline hole to be matched with the outer spline of the left convex ring, the right end face of the inner convex ring is in contact positioning with the outer retaining ring of the disc, the left end face of the inner convex ring is in contact positioning with the outer clamping spring assembled by the outer clamping spring groove of the left convex ring of the outer circle of the disc, and the inner convex ring is matched with the outer conical ring of the driven frame. The inner conical surface ring and the outer conical surface ring adopt a hard-soft matching method, either the inner conical surface ring is harder than the outer conical surface ring or the inner conical surface ring is softer than the outer conical surface ring, so that torque transmission can be ensured, and the service life of the one-way conical surface clutch can be prolonged. In order to make the one-way conical clutch smoothly separate and fully buffer in combination with sliding, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the circumference of the outer conical ring.

The double-shaft second-gear transmission device is characterized in that a bearing, an operating device, a guide rod, a sliding claw type integrated linkage outer reversing device, a one-way conical clutch, a second-gear driving gear, a first-gear driving gear and a bearing are sequentially assembled on an input shaft from left to right, a cylindrical sleeve and the second-gear driving gear are in rotating fit with the input shaft, the second-gear driving gear is assembled on a convex claw at the right end of the cylindrical sleeve through an inner hole notch, and the cylindrical sleeve and the second-gear driving gear are assembled on an outer concave ring groove part of the input shaft through wear-resistant tiles; the first-gear driving gear is a shaft gear processed by the input shaft, and the first-gear driving gear and the second-gear driving gear are respectively meshed with a first-gear overrunning driven gear and a second-gear driven gear assembled on the driven shaft.

The through hole of the sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank at the right end of the guide rod, the left end of the guide rod extends to the left end of the control frame and penetrates through the through hole of the seat frame, the crank at the left end of the guide rod is assembled with the sliding sleeve ring, the sliding sleeve ring is assembled on the input shaft in a sliding fit manner, the right end surface of the sliding sleeve ring is contacted with the cambered surface claw at the right side of the crank, the left end surface of the sliding sleeve ring is contacted with the right end of the pressure spring, the pressure spring is sleeved at the left side of the input shaft, the left end of the pressure spring is contacted with the annular retainer ring, the left end surface of the annular retainer ring is contacted with the outer clamping spring assembled on the input shaft, the round hole at the middle part of the crank is assembled with the round hole of the lug arranged on the left end of the seat frame through a pin shaft, the left side of the crank is fixedly provided with a flyweight, the lug is divided into two pairs or three pairs of circles and is arranged at the excircle part at the left end of the seat frame, the lug is convexly provided with a thrust stop claw matched with a spigot at the left end of the crank to control crank, the crank in the middle of the seat frame, the through hole is provided with two inner convex teeth, the input shaft is provided with four outer grooves, and the right end of the seat frame is tightly attached to the left end of the control frame.

The manual hydraulic reverse gear is matched with a first-gear overrunning driven gear, a plurality of embedded teeth are arranged on the circumference of the right end of a gear outer ring of the first-gear overrunning driven gear, a reverse gear embedded tooth disc is assembled on a driven shaft in an axial sliding fit mode through a spline, a plurality of embedded teeth are arranged on the circumference of the left end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc, the small circle part of the left end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc is in contact with the right end of a tower spring, the right end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc is in contact with a frame-shaped spring or in clearance fit, a ferrule seat is in a crank shape, the ferrule seat is provided with two round holes which are assembled and fixed on a blind screw hole of a bump at the bottom of a right half shell through a bolt, the axial lead of the blind screw hole is parallel to the axial lead of the driven shaft, the bent short edge at the lower part of the frame-shaped spring is assembled by folding two ends of, the upper bent short edge of the frame spring is assembled in an open slot on the upper side of the bottom of the right half shell and matched with the inclined plane of the inclined plane slide block, the upper side of the inclined plane slide block is a reverse gear combination plane, the lower side of the inclined plane is a reverse gear separation plane, the upper end of the inclined plane slide block is assembled and fixed with a small slide shaft, the upper side of the small slide shaft passes through a through hole on the upper side of the open slot part of the right half shell, the outer side of the through hole is provided with a small circular groove and a large circular groove, the small circular groove is internally provided with a rubber ring, the large circular pad is assembled in the large circular groove, the small slide shaft passes through the rubber ring and the large circular pad, the upper end of the small slide shaft is assembled in contact with a piston of a hydraulic pump, the upper end of the small slide shaft is provided with an outer concave circular groove for assembling a small snap spring, the lower end of the small snap spring is contacted with the small circular pad, a tower spring is assembled and fixed between the small circular pad and the large circular pad on the outer side surface of the right half shell, the axial lead of the piston and the small sliding shaft is vertical to the axial lead of the driven shaft, a pressure spring is assembled between the piston and the lower end of the piston and the large circular ring pad, and an oil pipe screw and an exhaust screw are assembled at the upper end of the oil cylinder.

The manual hydraulic reverse gear is characterized in that a shaft hole is formed in the upper end of a lever and assembled with a frame through a pin shaft and a torsion spring, an arc contact is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the lever and is in contact stress with the left end of a piston of a hydraulic pump, a rubber ring is assembled between the piston and an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is assembled and fixed on the frame, a pressure spring is assembled between the bottom of the inner side of the oil cylinder and the piston, an oil pipe screw is also assembled on the oil cylinder, a pin shaft is assembled at the lower end of the lever, two ends of the pin shaft are matched with two long through holes of a fork seat, a deflector rod is fixed below the fork seat and matched with a reverse microswitch and a forward microswitch which are assembled on the frame, the left end of the fork seat is assembled with the right end of a slide rod through a screw, the slide rod is matched with a slide hole of the frame, a handle is assembled at the left end of the slide rod, and the upper part of the left end of the slide rod is movably connected with a support frame through a lug, when backing a car, the bracket swings rightwards to be in contact with the frame to be stressed and supported to keep a backing state.

In order to facilitate assembly, a hand lever of a manual hydraulic reverse gear is directly matched with a reverse microswitch and a forward microswitch of an electric vehicle, a shaft hole is formed in the upper end of the hand lever and is assembled with the frame through a pin shaft, an arc-shaped contact is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the hand lever and is in contact stress with the left end of a piston of a hydraulic pump, a rubber ring is assembled between the piston and an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is assembled and fixed on the frame, a pressure spring is assembled between the bottom inside the oil cylinder and the piston, an oil pipe screw is also assembled on the oil cylinder, an oil storage cavity is further assembled on the upper portion of the oil cylinder, a collision hook is arranged at the lower end of the hand lever and is matched with a hook of a unhooking button, and the unhooking button is provided with a pin shaft hole and is assembled on the frame through a pin shaft and a torsion spring.

The manual hydraulic reverse gear can be manufactured more simply and conveniently, the left end of the piston is directly assembled and fixed with the sliding rod, the sliding rod is matched with a sliding hole of the frame, a shifting rod is fixed below the right end of the sliding rod, the shifting rod is matched with a reverse microswitch and a forward microswitch which are assembled on the frame, a handle is assembled at the left end of the sliding rod, a groove is formed in the upper portion of the left end of the sliding rod and matched with a top pillar assembled on the frame, and the top pillar is elastically assembled with the frame through a spring and a sliding sleeve. The left end of the piston can be directly assembled and fixed with the sliding rod, the sliding rod is matched with a sliding hole of the frame, the sliding hole is provided with two notches, the sliding rod is provided with two convex claws, the convex claws can penetrate through the notches, a shifting rod is fixed below the right end of the sliding rod and is matched with a reversing microswitch and a forward microswitch which are assembled on the frame, a handle is assembled at the left end of the sliding rod, the handle can rotate to keep a reversing state through the contact of the convex claws and the right end face of the sliding hole of the frame, and the handle is provided with a mark corresponding to the notches.

When the vehicle needs to be switched to a forward state, the backing strut is operated or the unhooking button or the rotating handle is pressed, the lever or the shifting lever returns to the position of the forward state under the action of the pressure spring or the torsion spring, the backing microswitch button enables the contact to be disconnected, the lever triggers the forward microswitch to enable the contact to be closed, the forward microswitch restores a control circuit for the forward movement of the vehicle, and the motor can only run forward.

The input shaft is in transmission connection with the power motor, the left end of the driven shaft extends out of the shell assembly chain wheel to output power through chain transmission or the driven shaft is provided with a bevel gear to output power through shaft transmission, and the power output device can be applied to an electric motorcycle with automatic two-gear speed change. A shaft gear is machined in the middle of the driven shaft and meshed with a large gear of a differential mechanism, so that a driving axle of the electric vehicle can be assembled.

The input shaft of the epicyclic gear train gear transmission is provided with an operating device, a forward motion device, a second-gear driving gear, a bidirectional conical clutch, a first-gear driving gear and a bearing, and the second-gear driving gear is used as a second-gear central gear and the first-gear driving gear is used as a first-gear central gear in the epicyclic gear train gear transmission and is assembled in a system of the epicyclic gear train gear transmission.

The invention discloses a technical improvement for finding new problems in a trial run experiment, and mainly aims to perfect the technology in an automatic transmission named as an invention patent application number 202011532751.X in China so as to solve the practical problems of scale production and manufacturing.

Compared with the prior art, the automatic gear transmission has the beneficial effects that:

1. the automatic gear transmission adopts the overrunning clutch, ensures the continuity and reliability of power transmission, solves the phenomenon of deceleration and reverse pull, can realize vehicle sliding in driving, adopts the reverse action device to realize gear shifting by matching with the one-way conical clutch, buffers the transmission impact during gear shifting, has large range of rotation speed difference, and ensures the service life of the electric vehicle.

2. The reverse action device of the single group of the buckling spring seat and the double group of the buckling spring seat is adopted, so that the large-scale manufacturing and production are convenient, and the sliding claw type integrated linkage external reversing device is adopted, so that the parts can be formed by forging and forming, and the production are convenient.

3. Adopt one-way conical surface clutch, the outer conical surface circle's of driven frame geometrical structure shape is convenient for forge and press molding, can be that soft iron material is as wearing parts periodic replacement, and the welded clamp plate is fit for the characteristic of soft iron behind the assembly spring holder, and interior conical surface circle adopts the geometrical structure shape of assembled, carries out heat treatment after the stack of being convenient for, the volume production of scale of being convenient for, and the productivity effect is high, and the steady quality is reliable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overrunning shift actuator of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic end view of the sliding claw type integral linkage external reversing device.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly of the components of the reverse acting device of the single group of spring seats.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the assembly of the parts of the reverse acting device of the single group of snap spring seats.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a single set of spring mounts assembled by welding a bump pressing plate.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a double-set snap spring seat.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a double-set compression spring seat.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a sliding sleeve portion of the active frame.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the assembly of the components of the reverse acting device of the double-group snap spring seat.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic reverse system with an overrunning shift actuator.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a hand lever operated hydraulic reverse system.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the vehicle forward travel state of fig. 13.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a lever-operated hydraulic reverse system.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a hand button operated hydraulic reverse system.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a rotary push button operated hydraulic reverse system.

In the figure: 1. an input shaft, 2, a right half shell, 3, a driven shaft, 4, a bearing, 5, a first-gear overrunning driven gear, 6, a cylindrical sleeve seat, 7, a sliding claw type integrated linkage outer reversing device, 71, a sliding claw frame, 72, a sliding claw, 73, an opening, 74, an outer clamp spring groove, 75, a groove, 76, a left clamp plate, 77, a spring seat, 78, a sliding groove, 79, an inner notch, 8, a second-gear driving gear, 9, a first-gear driving gear, 10, a driving frame, 101, a sliding sleeve, 102, a driving frame, 103, a left spring seat, 104, a right spring seat, 11, an inner conical surface ring, 12, a driven frame, 13, a flyweight, 14, a cylindrical cover, 15, a large compression spring, 16, a guide rod, 17, a flyweight crank operating device, 18, a one-way clutch, 19, an outer clamp spring, 20, a second-gear driven gear, 21, a waist spring drum, 22, a single-group clamping spring seat, a baffle plate, a reverse buckle, a spring plate, a baffle plate, 223 and an expansion spring seat, 23. a spring seat is assembled on a single-group pressing plate, 24, a double-group buckling spring seat, 241, a left pressure spring seat, 242, a reverse elastic sheet, 243, a baffle plate, 244, a right pressure spring seat, 25, a double-group pressure riveting spring seat, 26, a sliding sleeve seat, 261, a through hole, 262, a side groove, 27, a reverse hydraulic pump, 28, a piston, 29, an oil pipe screw, 30, a pressure spring, 31, a rubber ring, 32, a small clamp spring, 33, a small sliding shaft, 34, an inclined plane sliding block, 35, a tower spring, 36, a frame spring, 37, a reverse tooth embedded fluted disc, 38, a fork torsional spring, 39, a ferrule seat, 40, an exhaust screw, 41, a rubber ring, 42, a pin shaft, 43, a handle, 44, a torsional spring, 45, a hydraulic pump, 46, a pin shaft, 47, a lever, 48, a frame, 49, a supporting spring, 50, a sliding rod, 51, a fork seat, 52, a driving lever, 53, a reverse microswitch, 54, a forward moving switch, 55, a piston, 56, a pressure spring, 57 and a hook, 58. oil storage cavity 59, lever 60, unhooking button 61, torsion spring 62, top column 63 and convex claw.

Detailed Description

The details of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. Fig. 1 shows an overrunning gear-shifting driver of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present invention, which comprises a casing for packaging engine oil, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system, wherein the gear transmission system is a double-shaft two-gear transmission, the transmission switching system is a flyweight crank operating device 17, and a reverse acting device is matched with a one-way conical clutch 18 to realize gear shifting.

The reverse action device is a sliding claw type integral linkage external reverse device 7, which is formed by elastically connecting a driving frame 10 and a driven frame 12 assembled by a control frame through a waist drum spring 21, wherein the spring seat of the driving frame 10 is provided with an assembled waist drum spring corresponding to a spring seat 77 of the driven frame 12, the control frame is formed by assembling a sliding claw frame 71 and a left clamping plate 76 through an external snap spring, the right end surface of the sliding claw frame is in a right convex cross shape, the middle of the sliding claw frame is provided with a through hole, the left end of the sliding claw frame protrudes leftwards, the middle of the left end of the sliding claw frame is provided with a sleeve seat, four sliding claws 72 are circumferentially arranged at the excircle part, the middle of the left clamping plate is sleeved on the sleeve seat of the sliding claw frame 71, the excircle part of the left clamping plate is provided with four openings matched with the sliding claws, the four sliding claws are assembled on the openings, the left end part of the sleeve seat is provided with an assembling step and an external snap spring groove 74, the assembling step is in contact positioning with the right end surface of the left clamping plate, the driven frame 12 slides in from the right end of the sliding claw 72 through a sliding groove 78, the reverse action of the driven frame is in a contact positioning with an internal conical surface ring 11 towards the right direction, the driven carriage reverses direction to the left to be positioned by the open jaw of the left clamp plate 76. The cover seat of the sliding claw frame is provided with two openings 73 and two inner rack bars which are respectively matched with four grooves of the input shaft, the excircle of the cover seat is provided with a groove matched with a sliding sleeve 101 of the driving frame 10, the sliding sleeve is sleeved on the cover seat in a sliding fit manner, the sliding sleeve 101 is provided with two through holes matched with the openings of the cover seat, and the inner circle of the sliding sleeve is provided with an inner rack matched with a groove 75 of the cover seat.

The spring seats can be made into a single group of spring seats and a sliding sleeve which are integrally formed, the single group of spring seats can be assembled through a buckle, and the single group of spring seats can be assembled through a pressing plate and then welded with the pressing plate. The spring holder can also be made into two groups spring seat and sliding sleeve integrated into one piece, and two groups spring seat can also pass through buckle assembly, and two groups spring seat can also pass through the clamp plate assembly back and weld the clamp plate. The single set of spring mounts 22, which are snap-fit in fig. 4, are provided with assembled inverted spring tabs 221, catches 222, and two expanded head spring mounts 223. The single-group pressure plate assembly spring seat 23 shown in fig. 5 is provided with through holes matched with the convex blocks of the pressure plate through pressure plate assembly and pressure plate welding. The double-group snap spring seat 24 which is assembled by snap fit and is shown in fig. 6 is provided with an assembled back-off spring sheet 242, a catch 243 and four expanding head spring seats, namely a left spring seat 241 and a right spring seat 244. Through-holes matched with the convex blocks of the pressing plate are formed in the double-group spring seat of the pressing plate after the pressing plate is assembled and welded. The outer circle of the sliding sleeve seat 26 of the driving frame shown in fig. 8 may be provided with a corresponding side groove 262 for assembling a fixed spring seat, and the sliding sleeve seat 26 is further provided with a through hole 261 for assembling a guide rod. Fig. 7 shows that a double-group pressure rivet spring seat 25 for pressure rivet assembly and fixation can also be made, wherein the two sides of the middle part of the seat are provided with notches and convex claws which are matched with the side grooves of the inner groove opening 79 of the driven frame 12 for pressure rivet fixation. The double-group pressure riveting spring seat 25 can also be matched with the groove 262 on the excircle side of the sliding sleeve seat 26 of the driving frame and then is fixed by pressure riveting, and the pressure riveting process of metal materials is adopted. The spring seat is made of spring steel plate through stamping and then is subjected to heat treatment.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a single group of spring seats of the driven frame and a single group of spring seats of the driving frame are assembled to form two pairs of extruded elastic connections through four waist drum springs respectively, and the waist drum springs are always in a compressed state. The high-power automatic transmission is as shown in fig. 9, a left spring seat of two double groups of buckle spring seats 24 of a driven frame is assembled with a left spring seat 103 of a driving frame 102 through four waist drum springs, a right spring seat of the double groups of buckle spring seats 24 is assembled with a right spring seat 104 of the driving frame 102 through four waist drum springs, the double groups of spring seats are assembled to form four pairs of extruded elastic connections, the driving frame is assembled with the driven frame through eight waist drum springs to form four pairs of extruded elastic connections, the waist drum springs are always in a compressed state, and a control frame is positioned and assembled and fixed on an input shaft through a check ring.

The one-way conical clutch 18 is made of a hard and soft metal material, the cylinder sleeve seat 6 and the second-gear driving gear 8 are assembled and positioned by a shaft step and an outer retaining ring, the left end of the cylinder sleeve seat is fixed with the disc, the outer circle of the disc is provided with an outer retaining ring and a left convex ring, the left convex ring is provided with an outer spline and an outer clamp spring groove, the small-diameter end of the inner convex ring 11 is provided with an inner convex ring, the inner convex ring is provided with a spline hole which is matched with the outer spline of the left convex ring, the right end surface of the inner convex ring is in contact positioning with the outer retaining ring of the disc, and the left end surface of the inner convex ring is in contact positioning with an outer clamp spring 19 assembled by the outer concave ring groove of the left convex ring of the outer circle of the disc. The inner conical surface ring 11 is matched with the outer conical surface ring of the driven frame 12.

The double-shaft two-gear transmission device is characterized in that a bearing, a flyweight crank operating device 17, a guide rod 16, a sliding claw type integrated linkage external reversing device 7, a one-way conical clutch 18, a two-gear driving gear 8, a one-gear driving gear 9 and a bearing 4 are sequentially assembled on an input shaft 1 from left to right, a cylindrical sleeve seat 6 and the two-gear driving gear 8 are in running fit with the input shaft 1, the two-gear driving gear is assembled on a convex claw at the right end of the cylindrical sleeve seat through an inner hole notch, and the cylindrical sleeve seat and the two-gear driving gear are assembled on an outer concave ring groove part of the input shaft through wear-resistant tiles; the first-gear driving gear is a shaft gear processed by an input shaft, and the first-gear driving gear and the second-gear driving gear are respectively meshed with the first-gear overrunning driven gear 5 and the second-gear driven gear 20 assembled on the driven shaft 3. The cylinder cover 14 of the casing is assembled and fixed with the left half shell through bolts of the flange, and the left half shell and the right half shell 2 are assembled and fixed through bolts.

The through hole of the sliding sleeve 101 of the driving frame 10 is assembled with the crank at the right end of the guide rod 16, the left end of the guide rod extends to the left end of the control frame and passes through the through hole of the seat frame, the crank at the left end of the guide rod is assembled with the sliding sleeve ring, the sliding sleeve ring is assembled on the input shaft 1 in a sliding fit manner, the right end surface of the sliding sleeve ring is contacted with the cambered surface claw at the right side of the crank, the left end surface of the sliding sleeve ring is contacted with the right end of the large pressure spring 15, the large pressure spring is sleeved at the left side of the input shaft, the left end of the large pressure spring is contacted with the annular retainer ring, the left end surface of the annular retainer ring is contacted with the outer clamp spring assembled on the input shaft, the round hole at the middle part of the crank is assembled with the round hole of the lug arranged on the left end of the seat frame through a pin shaft, the left side of the crank is fixed with the flyweight 13, the lug is divided into two pairs of circles and arranged at the excircle part at the left end of the seat frame, the lug is provided with the stop pawl in a convex way to control the swinging stroke of the crank in a matching way at the left end of the crank, the through hole is arranged in the middle of the seat frame, the through hole is provided with two inner convex teeth, the input shaft is provided with four outer grooves, and the right end of the seat frame is tightly attached to the left end of the control frame.

The manual hydraulic reverse gear is matched with a first-gear overrunning driven gear 5, eight embedded teeth are arranged on the right end of the gear outer ring of the first-gear overrunning driven gear in a circumferential mode, a reverse gear tooth embedded tooth disc 37 is assembled on a driven shaft 3 in an axial sliding fit mode through splines, eight embedded teeth are arranged on the left end of the reverse gear tooth embedded tooth disc in a circumferential mode, the small round portion of the left end of the reverse gear tooth embedded tooth disc is in contact with the right end of a tower spring 35, the right end of the reverse gear tooth embedded tooth disc is matched with a frame spring 36, a ferrule seat 39 is in a crank shape, two round holes are formed in the ferrule seat and are fixed on a screw blind hole of a lower protruding block at the bottom of a right half shell 2 through bolt assembling, the axial lead of the screw blind hole is parallel to the axial lead of the driven shaft 3, a lower bent short edge of the frame spring is formed by folding two ends of a steel wire into crank opposite assembling, the two crank throws are assembled in a winding drum of the ferrule seat 39, and are assembled and connected outside the two crank throws through a fork torsional spring 38 in a buckling mode, the upper bent short edge of the frame spring is assembled in an open slot on the upper side of the bottom of the right half shell and matched with an inclined plane sliding block 34, the upper side of an inclined plane of the inclined plane sliding block is a reverse gear combination plane, the lower side of the inclined plane is a reverse gear separation plane, the upper end of the inclined plane sliding block is assembled and fixed with a small sliding shaft 33, the upper side of the small sliding shaft penetrates through a through hole on the upper side of the open slot part of the right half shell 2, the outer side of the through hole is provided with a small circular ring groove and a large circular ring groove, the small circular ring groove is internally provided with a rubber ring 31, the large circular ring groove is internally provided with a large circular ring pad, the small sliding shaft penetrates through the rubber ring and the large circular ring pad, the upper end of the small sliding shaft is assembled in contact with a piston 28 of a reverse hydraulic pump 27, the upper end of the small sliding shaft is provided with an outer groove assembled with a small snap spring 32, the lower end of the small snap spring is contacted with the small circular ring pad, a tower spring is assembled between the small circular ring pad and the large circular ring pad on the small sliding shaft, an oil cylinder assembly of the reverse hydraulic pump 27 is fixed on the outer side surface of the right half shell, a rubber ring 41 is assembled between the piston and the oil cylinder, the axial lead of the piston and the small sliding shaft 33 is vertical to the axial lead of the driven shaft 3, a pressure spring 30 is assembled between the lower end of the piston 28 and the large circular ring pad, an oil pipe screw 29 and an exhaust screw 40 are assembled at the upper end of the oil cylinder, and the oil pipe screw 29 is in oil circuit connection with an oil pipe screw of a manual hydraulic pump 45 through an oil pipe.

The manual hydraulic reverse lever and the shift lever 52 are also matched with a reverse microswitch 53 and a forward microswitch 54 of the electric vehicle, and in a reverse state, the lever 47 triggers a reverse microswitch button to close a contact and open a forward microswitch contact; the handle is operated to be in a reversing state, the forward micro switch disconnects a control switch circuit of the forward vehicle, and the motor can only run in a reversing mode.

The upper end of a lever 47 in a hand-pull lever-operated hydraulic reverse gear system is provided with a shaft hole which is assembled with a frame 48 through a pin shaft 42 and a torsion spring 44, the upper end of the lever is provided with an arc contact which is contacted and stressed with the left end of a piston of a hydraulic pump 45, a rubber ring 41 is assembled between the piston and an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is assembled and fixed on the frame, a pressure spring 56 is assembled between the inner bottom of the oil cylinder and a piston 55, the oil cylinder is also assembled with an oil pipe screw 29, the lower end of the lever is assembled with a pin shaft 46, two ends of the pin shaft 46 are matched with two long through holes of a fork seat 51, a deflector rod 52 is fixed below the fork seat, the deflector rod is matched with a reverse microswitch 53 and a forward microswitch 54 which are assembled on the frame, the left end of the fork seat 51 is assembled with the right end of a slide rod 50 through screws, the slide rod is matched with a slide hole of the frame, a handle 43 is assembled at the left end of the slide rod, the upper part of the left end is movably connected with the support spring 49 through a lug, the stay spring swings rightwards and is supported by the frame under stress to keep a backing state. Fig. 11 is a reverse state, and fig. 12 is a forward state.

For simple assembly, the hand lever 59 of the manual hydraulic reverse gear is directly matched with the reverse microswitch 53 and the forward microswitch 54 of the electric vehicle, the swinging part in the middle of the hand lever 59 triggers the reverse microswitch button to close the contact in the reverse state, and the forward microswitch contact is opened; the forward microswitch operated in the reverse state disconnects a control switch circuit for forward movement of the vehicle, and the motor can only run in reverse. The upper end of the lever is provided with a shaft hole which is assembled with a frame 48 through a pin shaft 42, the upper end of the lever is provided with an arc contact which is in contact stress with the left end of a piston of a hydraulic pump 45, a rubber ring 41 is assembled between the piston and an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is assembled and fixed on the frame, a pressure spring 56 is assembled between the bottom inside the oil cylinder and the piston, the oil cylinder is further assembled with an oil pipe screw 29, the upper part of the oil cylinder is further assembled with an oil storage cavity 58, the lower end of the lever is provided with a touch hook 57 which is matched with a hook of a unhook button 60, the unhook button is provided with a pin shaft hole which is assembled on the frame 48 through a pin shaft and a torsion spring 61, and a reverse microswitch 53 and a forward microswitch 54 which are fixed on the frame need to be assembled with protective covers, and are waterproof and dustproof. Fig. 13 is a vehicle forward travel state. The manual hydraulic reverse gear can be arranged under the seat of a vehicle driver, and is convenient to operate by one hand.

The hydraulic reverse gear can be made into a manual hydraulic reverse gear more conveniently, an oil cylinder of the hydraulic pump 45 is assembled and fixed on a frame, a pressure spring is assembled between the bottom inside the oil cylinder and a piston, an oil pipe screw is also assembled on the oil cylinder, an oil storage cavity 58 is also assembled on the upper portion of the oil cylinder, the left end of the piston 55 is directly assembled and fixed with a sliding rod 50, the sliding rod is matched with a sliding hole of the frame 48, a shifting lever 52 is fixed below the right end of the sliding rod, the shifting lever is matched with a reverse microswitch 53 and a forward microswitch 54 which are assembled on the frame, a handle 43 is assembled at the left end of the sliding rod, a groove is formed in the upper portion of the left end of the sliding rod and matched with a top column 62 which is assembled on the frame, and fig. 14 shows that the vehicle is in a forward state.

The left end of a piston 55 can be directly assembled and fixed with a sliding rod 50, an oil cylinder of a hydraulic pump 45 is assembled and fixed on a frame, a pressure spring is assembled between the bottom inside the oil cylinder and the piston, an oil pipe screw is further assembled on the oil cylinder, an oil storage cavity 58 is further assembled on the upper portion of the oil cylinder, the sliding rod is matched with a sliding hole of the frame, the sliding hole is provided with two notches, the sliding rod fixes two convex claws 63 which can penetrate through the notches, a shifting rod 52 is fixed on the lower edge of the right end of the sliding rod, the shifting rod is matched with a reversing micro switch 53 and a forward micro switch 54 which are assembled on the frame 48, a handle is assembled at the left end of the sliding rod, the handle can rotate to keep a reversing state through the contact of the convex claws 63 and the right end face of the sliding hole of the frame, and the handle is provided with marks corresponding to the notches so as to be convenient to operate. Fig. 15 is a vehicle forward travel state.

The speed change principle and the operation process of the automatic gear transmission are as follows:

an embodiment of an automatic transmission override shift actuator is illustrated in fig. 1, 2, 10 and 14. The automatic transmission belongs to automatic gear shifting of rotating speed, a flyweight crank operating device 17 is adopted to operate a driving frame 10 of a sliding claw type integrated linkage outer reversing device 7, an outer conical ring of a driven frame 12 of the sliding claw type integrated linkage outer reversing device is matched with an inner conical ring 11 to form a one-way conical clutch 18, a control frame of the sliding claw type integrated linkage outer reversing device 7 is positioned and assembled on an input shaft 1 through a check ring, the driving frame 10 of the sliding claw type integrated linkage outer reversing device is provided with a sliding sleeve 101 which is sleeved on a sleeve seat of a sliding claw frame 71 in a sliding fit mode, the sliding sleeve is provided with two through holes, an inner notch 79 is arranged on the inner circle of the outer conical ring of the driven frame 12 and is provided with a single group of buckle spring seats 22 through a buckle, a side groove and a small notch are arranged in the inner notch, the small notch is matched with a reverse buckle elastic sheet 221 and is positioned through small end surface contact, and the left end of the inner notch 79 is positioned in contact with a blocking sheet of the single group of the buckle spring seats; the sliding claw type integrated linkage external reversing device is formed by elastically connecting a driving frame 10 and a driven frame 12 which are assembled by a control frame through a waist drum spring 21, the control frame is formed by assembling a sliding claw frame 71 and a left clamping plate 76 through an external snap spring, and the waist drum spring is always in a compressed state. The driven frame of the sliding claw type integrated linkage external reversing device 7 is combined with or separated from the cylinder sleeve seat 6 in a transmission way through the one-way conical clutch 18.

When the vehicle starts and runs at low speed, the flyweight crank type operating device 17 is in an initial state, the one-way conical surface clutch 18 assembled on the cylindrical sleeve seat 6 at the left end of the second-gear driving gear 8 is in a separated state, and first-gear transmission is realized by a one-way bearing assembled on the first-gear overrunning driven gear 5. When the vehicle moves forwards and accelerates to obtain high-speed running, the flyweight crank type operating device 17 forces the sliding claw type integrated linkage outer reversing device 7 to act, the two guide rods 16 pull the driving frame to move leftwards so as to force the driven frame to act reversely and push the outer conical surface ring rightwards so that the one-way conical surface clutch 18 is combined to realize second-gear meshing, the one-way bearing assembled on the first-gear overrunning driven gear 5 realizes an overrunning separation state, and the vehicle runs to realize second-gear transmission to obtain higher speed.

When the vehicle needs to decelerate or stop when moving ahead, the vehicle speed is changed from high speed to low speed, the flying hammer crank type operating device returns to a low-speed operating state under the action of the large pressure spring 15, the driving frame of the sliding claw type integrated linkage external reversing device moves rightwards, the driven frame is pushed leftwards through the four waist drum springs to realize second-gear separation, and first-gear transmission is realized by a one-way bearing assembled by the first-gear overrunning driven gear 5. The first gear operating state can also realize deceleration and power-off parking.

Fig. 1 shows the second gear in a disengaged state, which indicates that the automatic transmission is in a low speed operating state or a stopped state. The automatic transmission of the present invention is very simple to operate! When the driving resistance of the vehicle is reduced, the speed of the vehicle is accelerated, and the vehicle runs at an accelerated speed by operation, the rotating speed of the motor is increased, and the flyweight crank-operated sliding claw type integrated linkage external reversing device generates a reverse action to realize automatic meshing of a second gear so as to realize high-speed running. When the resistance of the running is increased or the operation is decelerated, the flyweight crank throw operated sliding claw type integrated linkage external reversing device of the automatic transmission generates a reversing action by the return action of the large pressure spring to realize the automatic separation of the second gear and return to the first gear large torque drive, and the running can be decelerated and stopped in a power-off mode. The vehicle is used in this repeated operation to effect the forward automatic second gear gearing of the automatic transmission of the present invention. The two-wheel electric motorcycle only needs forward automatic two-gear transmission.

In order to meet the requirements of an electric tricycle and a four-wheel vehicle, the automatic transmission can also be additionally provided with a manual hydraulic reverse gear, an oil cylinder of a hydraulic pump 45 is assembled and fixed on a frame, a pressure spring is assembled between the bottom inside the oil cylinder and a piston, an oil pipe screw is assembled on the oil cylinder, an oil storage cavity 58 is assembled at the upper part of the oil cylinder, the left end of a piston 55 is directly assembled and fixed with a slide rod 50, the slide rod is matched with a slide hole of the frame 48, a shift lever 52 is fixed at the lower side of the right end of the slide rod, the shift lever is matched with a reverse microswitch 53 and a forward microswitch 54 which are assembled on the frame, a handle 43 is assembled at the left end of the slide rod, a groove is arranged at the upper part of the left end of the slide rod and matched with a support pillar 62 which is assembled on the frame, and the vehicle moves forwards state is shown in figure 14.

The manual hydraulic reverse gear is matched with a first-gear overrunning driven gear 5, eight embedded teeth are arranged on the right end of the gear outer ring of the first-gear overrunning driven gear in a circumferential mode, a reverse gear embedded tooth disc 37 is assembled on a driven shaft in an axial sliding fit mode through splines, the right end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc is matched with a frame-shaped spring 36, the upper bent short edge of the frame-shaped spring is assembled in an open slot on the upper side of the bottom of a right half shell and matched with an inclined plane sliding block 34, a small sliding shaft 33 is assembled and fixed at the upper end of the inclined plane sliding block, the upper end of the small sliding shaft is assembled in a contact mode with a piston 28 of a reverse hydraulic pump 27, an oil cylinder of the reverse hydraulic pump 27 is assembled and fixed on the outer side face of the right half shell 2, and the axial lines of the piston and the small sliding shaft 33 are perpendicular to the axial line of the driven shaft 3, a pressure spring 30 is assembled between the piston and the lower end of the piston and the large circular ring pad, an oil pipe screw 29 and an exhaust screw 40 are assembled at the upper end of the oil cylinder, and the oil pipe screw 29 is connected with an oil pipe screw of a manual hydraulic pump 45 through an oil pipe to realize oil circuit connection. The toggle lever 52 shown in fig. 14 actuates the forward microswitch 54 and the motor can only run forward. When a user needs to reverse, the user pushes the handle 43 by hand, the top column 62 falls into the groove of the sliding rod 50, the piston 55 of the hydraulic pump 45 moves rightwards to force hydraulic oil to flow to the reverse hydraulic pump 27 through an oil pipe, the piston 28 of the reverse hydraulic pump moves downwards to push the small sliding shaft 33, the inclined plane sliding block 34 fixed on the small sliding shaft pushes the frame spring 36 leftwards when moving downwards, and the frame spring pushes the reverse jaw toothed disc 37 leftwards to enable the reverse jaw clutch of the first-gear overrunning driven gear 5 to be engaged. When the handle 43 is pushed by hand, the shifting lever 52 fixed at the right end of the sliding rod releases the button of the forward microswitch 54 to break the circuit of the forward running of the vehicle, the shifting lever 52 triggers the button of the reverse microswitch 53 rightwards to close the circuit of the reverse running of the vehicle, and the motor can only run in the reverse running to realize the reverse running. After reversing, the top column 62 is lifted up manually, and the vehicle returns to the forward state due to the return action of the pressure spring 56 in the hydraulic pump 45.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, such as the application of a driven shaft bevel gear drive hub to a two-wheel electric motorcycle. Many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention without departing from its spirit. These are all within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An automatic gear transmission comprises machine shell packaging engine oil, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system, wherein the gear transmission system is double-shaft two-gear transmission or epicyclic gear train gear transmission, the transmission switching system comprises an operating device, and a reverse action device is matched with a one-way conical clutch to realize gear shifting;

the method is characterized in that: the reverse action device also comprises the assembly of a spring seat of the driven frame and an outer conical surface ring and the assembly of a spring seat of the driving frame and a sliding sleeve seat, and the transmission switching system also comprises a manual hydraulic reverse gear;

the reverse action device is formed by assembling a driving frame and a driven frame which are assembled by a control frame through a waist drum spring, the control frame is formed by assembling a sliding claw frame and a left clamping plate through an outer clamping spring, the right end face of the sliding claw frame is in a right convex cross shape, the middle of the sliding claw frame is a through hole, the left end of the sliding claw frame protrudes leftwards, the middle of the left end of the sliding claw frame is provided with a sleeve seat, four sliding claws are circumferentially arranged at an excircle part of the left end of the sliding claw frame, the through hole in the middle of the left clamping plate is sleeved on the sleeve seat of the sliding claw frame, the excircle part of the left clamping plate is provided with four openings matched with the sliding claws, the four sliding claws are assembled on the openings, the left end part of the sleeve seat is provided with an assembling step and an outer clamping spring groove, the assembling step is in contact positioning with the right end face of the left clamping plate, the driven frame slides in from the right end of the sliding claws, the driven frame reversely moves rightwards and is in contact positioning by an outer conical surface ring and an inner conical surface ring, and the driven frame reversely moves leftwards and is in contact positioning by an opening claw of the left clamping plate;

the spring seats are single groups of spring seats or double groups of spring seats, and the single groups of spring seats are assembled with the sliding sleeve seat or the outer conical surface ring through buckles or are assembled through a pressing plate and then welded with the pressing plate; the double-group spring seat is assembled with the sliding sleeve seat or the outer conical ring through a buckle or is assembled through a pressing plate and then welded with the pressing plate;

and the manual hydraulic reverse gear, the manual lever or the shift lever of which is also matched with a reverse microswitch and a forward microswitch of the electric vehicle, the forward microswitch contact is disconnected in the reverse state, and the lever or the shift lever touches a reverse microswitch button to close the contact.

2. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the single group of spring seats assembled through the buckles are provided with a reverse buckling elastic sheet, a blocking sheet and two expansion head spring seats; a single group of spring seats of the pressing plate is assembled by the pressing plate and then welded with the pressing plate, and is provided with a through hole matched with a convex block of the pressing plate and two expansion head spring seats; the double-group spring seat assembled through the buckle is provided with an inverted buckle elastic sheet, a blocking sheet and four expansion head spring seats; the double-group spring seat assembled by the pressing plate and welded with the pressing plate is provided with a through hole matched with the convex block of the pressing plate and four expansion head spring seats.

3. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the inner circle of the outer conical surface coil of the driven frame is provided with an inner notch which is assembled with a single-group spring seat or a double-group spring seat through a buckle, the inner notch is also provided with a side groove and a small notch, the small notch is matched with the inverted elastic sheet and is positioned through the contact of a small end surface, and the left end of the inner notch is positioned through the contact of a blocking sheet of the single-group spring seat or the double-group spring seat; the inner circle of the outer conical ring is also provided with a sliding groove in sliding fit with the sliding claw.

4. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the inner circle of the outer conical surface coil of the driven frame is provided with a single-group spring seat or a double-group spring seat, an inner notch is assembled through a pressing plate and then the pressing plate is welded, the inner notch is in contact positioning with the single-group spring seat or the double-group spring seat, the single-group spring seat or the double-group spring seat is provided with a through hole which is matched with a convex block of the pressing plate, and the side edge of the pressing plate is in contact welding fixation with the opposite end surface of the inner notch; the single-group spring seat comprises a single-group pressing plate assembling spring seat and a single-group buckling spring seat, and the double-group spring seat comprises a double-group pressing plate assembling spring seat and a double-group buckling spring seat; the inner circle of the outer conical ring is also provided with a sliding groove in sliding fit with the sliding claw.

5. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the outer circle of the sliding sleeve seat of the driving frame is provided with an outer notch which is assembled with a single-group spring seat or a double-group spring seat through a buckle, a side groove and a small notch are also arranged in the outer notch, the small notch is matched with the inverted elastic sheet and is positioned through the contact of a small end face, and the left end of the outer notch is positioned through the contact of a blocking sheet of the single-group spring seat or the double-group spring seat; the single-group spring seat comprises a single-group pressing plate assembling spring seat and a single-group buckling spring seat, and the double-group spring seat comprises a double-group pressing plate assembling spring seat and a double-group buckling spring seat; the inner circle of the sliding sleeve seat is also provided with an inner rack and a through hole, and the through hole is assembled with a guide rod.

6. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the outer circle of the sliding sleeve seat of the driving frame is provided with an outer notch, and a single-group spring seat or a double-group spring seat is welded and assembled through a pressing plate; the inner circle of the sliding sleeve seat is also provided with two inner racks and two through holes, and the guide rod is assembled in the through holes.

7. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the one-way conical clutch, the cylinder sleeve and the second-gear driving gear are assembled and positioned by the shaft step and the outer retaining ring, the left end of the cylinder sleeve is fixed with the disc, the outer circle of the disc is provided with the outer retaining ring and the left convex ring, the left convex ring is provided with the outer spline and the outer retaining spring groove, the small-diameter end of the inner convex ring is provided with the inner convex ring, the inner convex ring is provided with the spline hole to be matched with the outer spline of the left convex ring, the right end surface of the inner convex ring is in contact positioning with the outer retaining ring of the disc, the left end surface of the inner convex ring is in contact positioning with the outer retaining spring assembled in the outer retaining spring groove of the left convex ring of the outer circle of the disc, and the inner convex ring is matched with the outer conical ring of the driven frame; the inner conical surface ring and the outer conical surface ring adopt a hard-soft matching method, and a plurality of through holes are arranged on the circumference of the outer conical surface ring.

8. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the manual hydraulic reverse gear is matched with a first-gear overrunning driven gear, the gear outer ring of the first-gear overrunning driven gear is provided with embedded teeth, a driven shaft is axially and slidably matched with a reverse gear embedded toothed disc through a spline, a small round part at the left end of the reverse gear embedded toothed disc is contacted with the right end of a tower spring, the right end of the reverse gear embedded toothed disc is contacted with or in clearance fit with a frame-shaped spring, the lower part of the frame-shaped spring is folded into a crank, the two cranks are assembled in a winding drum of a ferrule base and are assembled and buckled outside the two crank through a fork torsional spring, the bent short edge at the upper part of the frame-shaped spring is assembled in an open slot at the upper part of the bottom of a right half shell and is matched with an inclined plane sliding block, the upper end of the inclined plane sliding block is assembled and fixed with a small sliding shaft, the upper end of the small sliding shaft is assembled in contact with a piston of a hydraulic pump, an outer concave ring groove is arranged at the upper end of the small sliding shaft and is assembled with a small clamping spring, the lower end of the small clamping spring is contacted with a small ring pad, and a tower spring is assembled between the small ring pad on the small sliding shaft and a large ring pad, an oil cylinder of the hydraulic pump is assembled and fixed on the outer side surface of the right half shell, the axial lead of the piston and the small sliding shaft is perpendicular to the axial lead of the driven shaft, a pressure spring is assembled between the piston and the lower end of the piston and the large circular ring pad, and an oil pipe screw and an exhaust screw are assembled at the upper end of the oil cylinder.

9. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the manual hydraulic reverse gear device is characterized in that a shaft hole is formed in the upper end of a lever and assembled with a frame through a pin shaft and a torsion spring, an arc contact is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the lever and is in contact stress with the left end of a piston of a hydraulic pump, a rubber ring is assembled between the piston and an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is assembled and fixed on the frame, a pressure spring is assembled between the bottom of the inside of the oil cylinder and the piston, an oil pipe screw is further assembled on the oil cylinder, a pin shaft is assembled at the lower end of the lever, two ends of the pin shaft are matched with two long through holes of a fork seat, a shifting lever is fixed below the fork seat and matched with a reverse microswitch and a forward microswitch assembled on the frame, the left end of the fork seat is assembled with the right end of a sliding rod through a screw, the sliding rod is matched with a sliding hole of the frame, a handle is assembled at the left end of the sliding rod, the upper portion of the left end of the sliding rod is movably connected with a support through a lug, and the support swings rightwards and can be in contact with the frame.

10. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the manual hydraulic reverse gear lever is directly matched with a reverse micro switch and a forward micro switch of an electric vehicle, a shaft hole is formed in the upper end of the manual hydraulic reverse gear lever and assembled with the frame through a pin shaft, an arc-shaped contact is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the manual hydraulic reverse gear lever and is in contact stress with the left end of a piston of a hydraulic pump, a rubber ring is assembled between the piston and an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is assembled and fixed on the frame, a pressure spring is assembled between the bottom inside the oil cylinder and the piston, an oil pipe screw is also assembled on the oil cylinder, an oil storage cavity is also assembled on the upper portion of the oil cylinder, a touch hook is arranged at the lower end of the manual hydraulic reverse gear lever and;

or the left end of the piston is directly assembled and fixed with the sliding rod, the sliding rod is matched with a sliding hole of the frame, a deflector rod is fixed below the right end of the sliding rod, the deflector rod is matched with a reversing micro switch and a forward micro switch which are assembled on the frame, a handle is assembled at the left end of the sliding rod, a groove is formed in the upper portion of the left end of the sliding rod and matched with a top pillar which is assembled on the frame, and the top pillar is elastically assembled with the frame through a spring and a sliding sleeve;

or the left end of the piston is directly assembled and fixed with the sliding rod, the sliding rod is matched with the sliding hole of the frame, the sliding hole is provided with two notches, the sliding rod is used for fixing two convex claws, the convex claws can penetrate through the notches, the lower side of the right end of the sliding rod is fixedly provided with a shifting lever, the shifting lever is matched with a reversing microswitch and a forward microswitch assembled on the frame, the left end of the sliding rod is provided with a handle, the handle can rotate to keep a reversing state through the contact of the convex claws and the right end face of the sliding hole of the frame, and the handle is provided with a mark corresponding to the notch.