CN109654219B

CN109654219B - Speed variator

Info

Publication number: CN109654219B
Application number: CN201910029693.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向永川
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-01-02
Filing date: 2019-01-02
Publication date: 2020-07-31
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-02
Also published as: CN109654219A

Abstract

The invention discloses a transmission which comprises a control system, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system. The method is characterized in that: the transmission switching system is characterized in that a stroke gear locking device is matched with a bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch to realize gear shifting or a reverse action device is matched with a bidirectional end face gear clutch to realize gear shifting; the stroke gear locking device is characterized in that a sliding sleeve seat is assembled on an input shaft, an outward convex check ring and a check ring of the sliding sleeve seat are respectively provided with a convex lug assembling crank, the sliding sleeve seat is assembled with a large sliding sleeve, a shifting ring is assembled on the large sliding sleeve, the large sliding sleeve is provided with a pull claw matched with the force arm of the crank, a push claw matched with the outward convex claw is arranged on the large sliding sleeve, two ends of a short groove of the input shaft are assembled with a buckling claw through a pin shaft and a spring, the crank is matched with the buckling claw, an assembling guide rod of the sliding sleeve seat is connected with a clutch, and the shifting. The speed changer can enhance the climbing capability and increase the endurance mileage when being applied to the electric vehicle.

Description

Speed variator

Technical Field

The invention relates to a transmission in a driving system of an electric vehicle, in particular to a gear shifting and speed changing device of a differential motor of a driving axle of the electric vehicle, belonging to the technical field of mechanical transmission.

Background

The manual gear shifting operation of the differential motor of the existing electric vehicle drive axle is complicated, and the driving safety is influenced; the motor-operated automatic gear shifting needs long time, the power of the vehicle loses the continuity, and the safety and reliability of driving are poor.

In the prior art, the Chinese patent application (application number: 201710885468.7) discloses an automatic gear transmission, wherein a transmission switching system of the automatic gear transmission is characterized in that a friction clutch and an end face tooth clutch are matched to realize gear shifting or a reverse action device is matched with a steel ball clutch or an end face tooth clutch to realize gear shifting; the face tooth clutch is also equipped with a synchronizer. The conical surface clutch and the jaw clutch are matched with each other and comprise a disc seat, an outer combined body and an inner combined body, the outer combined body is assembled on the disc seat through a return spring and a forward action device, the disc seat comprises an inner gear ring and an inner sliding sleeve, the outer combined body comprises an outer sliding sleeve, an inner conical surface body and a jaw gear ring, the elastic jaw gear ring is assembled on the ring seat, and the inner combined body comprises an inner spline sliding sleeve and an outer conical surface body; the inner combined body is axially assembled on the input shaft in a sliding fit manner; the output shaft is assembled with the disk seat through a bearing, the planet carrier is fixed with the output shaft, and the central wheel is assembled on the input shaft. The torque transmitted by the conical surface clutch is small when the vehicle speed is low, and the conical surface clutch is not suitable for assembling and using a high-power motor.

The start-stop and reversing device of the existing CA6140 lathe spindle box adopts a mechanical bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch which consists of a left part and a right part with the same structure, wherein the left clutch drives a spindle to rotate forwards, and the right clutch drives the spindle to rotate backwards; the clutch is formed by overlapping a plurality of inner friction plates and outer friction plates with different shapes, and transmits motion and torque by using friction force generated between contact surfaces of the friction plates when the friction plates are mutually pressed; the inner friction plate with a spline hole is connected with a spline on the shaft, the inner hole of the outer friction plate is a smooth round hole and is sleeved on the outer circle of the spline of the shaft in an empty way, the outer circle of the friction plate is provided with four convex teeth which are clamped in a gap of a sleeve part at the right end of the empty gear, the inner friction plate and the outer friction plate are arranged at intervals and are not connected with each other when not pressed, and the main shaft stops rotating; when the slip ring is moved rightwards by the operating device, the swing rod on the rod (in the hole of the spline shaft) swings around the fulcrum, and the lower end of the swing rod dials the rod to move leftwards; the left end of the rod is provided with a fixed pin, so that the helicoidal ring and the pressurizing sleeve press a group of friction plates on the left side leftwards, and the torque is transmitted to the free gear from the shaft through the friction force between the friction plates, so that the main shaft rotates forwards; similarly, when the slip ring is moved leftwards by the operating device, the right group of friction plates are pressed, and the main shaft is rotated reversely. When the slip ring is in the middle position, the left and right friction plates are in a relaxed state, the motion of the shaft can not be transmitted to the gear, and the main shaft stops rotating. The travel gear locking device adopts the matching of the rod, the swing rod and the sliding ring to realize travel gear locking, has small travel distance, small bearing capacity of a sliding friction structure of the swing rod and poor reliability of gear locking performance, and is not suitable for the working condition of a vehicle in a motion state.

Above prior art can not be fine solution electric motor car's drive wheel hub and the comfortable reliable actual problem of driving of transaxle differential motor when actually loading is used, this derailleur is exactly in order to make above problem obtain solving.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the problem of current transmission technology have in the application of drive wheel hub and transaxle differential motor that the stowage power is little, the performance is unstable, the reliability is poor is solved. The invention provides a transmission which is applied to a differential motor of a driving hub and a driving axle to ensure that the vehicle has stable and reliable performance of gear shifting and speed changing, high mechanical efficiency and smooth gear shifting and comfortable driving.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a transmission comprises a control system, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system; the operating system comprises a driver operating device or a reverse action operating device or an electric appliance operating device, and the gear transmission system is double-shaft two-gear transmission or epicyclic gear train gear transmission; the transmission switching system realizes gear shifting through the matching of the stroke gear locking device and the bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch or realizes gear shifting through the matching of the reverse action device and the bidirectional end face tooth clutch.

The stroke gear locking device is characterized in that a long groove and a short groove are arranged on an input shaft, a movable sleeve seat is provided with an inner rack and a long hole which are assembled on the input shaft, an inner rack of the movable sleeve seat is assembled in the long groove of the input shaft, the long hole is opposite to the short groove, one end of the movable sleeve seat is provided with an outer convex retaining ring, the other end of the movable sleeve seat is fixedly assembled with a retaining ring, the outer convex retaining ring and the retaining ring are respectively provided with an outer convex claw, opposite parts are respectively provided with a convex lug, the convex lugs are arranged at two ends of the long hole, each convex lug is provided with a pin shaft hole which is assembled with a crank through a pin shaft and a spring, a large sliding sleeve is assembled between the outer convex retaining ring of the movable sleeve seat and the retaining ring through a spline, an outer concave groove is arranged on the outer circle of the large sliding sleeve in a rotating fit mode, two ends of the large sliding sleeve are respectively provided with a pull claw, an inner convex, the concave notch part is provided with a pin shaft hole, a buckling claw is assembled through a pin shaft and a spring, a contact of a crank throw is matched with a raised head of the buckling claw, one side of the raised head at one end of the buckling claw is provided with an inclined plane, the other side of the raised head is provided with a vertical plane, the vertical plane is matched with the short edge surface of the long hole, the other end of the buckling claw is provided with a stroke raised head which is in contact positioning with the bottom surface of a short groove of an input shaft, one end of a movable sleeve seat is provided with a through hole assembling pin shaft or a guide rod which is connected with a bidirectional multi-piece friction.

In the bidirectional end face tooth clutch, a large cylinder at one end of a disc seat is assembled with an outer sliding sleeve through a rubber block and an inner snap spring, the outer sliding sleeve is assembled with an inner sliding sleeve in an axial sliding fit manner, the inner sliding sleeve fixes a double-faced tooth-embedded gear ring, a circular ring sheet is fixed on an inner circular surface of the double-faced tooth-embedded gear ring, the circular ring sheet is assembled between an outer convex retaining ring and a retaining ring of the sliding sleeve in a rotating fit manner, the sliding sleeve is provided with an inner convex rack which is assembled in a long groove of an input shaft, and one end of the inner convex rack part of the sliding; or the middle part of the sliding sleeve is provided with an outward convex check ring, a circular ring piece is assembled between the left end surface of the outward convex check ring and the circular ring locking piece as well as between the outward convex check ring and the check ring, a shifting fork is assembled between the right end surface of the outward convex check ring and the circular ring locking piece as well as between the outward convex check ring and the check ring, and the shifting fork is; one end surface of the double-faced jaw gear ring is engaged or separated with the jaw gear ring of the first-gear clutch assembled on the shell in a matching way, the other end surface of the double-faced jaw gear ring is engaged or separated with the jaw gear ring of the second-gear clutch assembled on the input shaft in a matching way, and the two jaw gear rings are respectively assembled with a synchronizing ring; a plurality of synchronous meshing teeth are arranged on one end face of the synchronous ring in a circumferential mode, and each synchronous meshing tooth is provided with two inwards concave arc-shaped faces.

The electric appliance control device comprises a reverse action button switch, an auxiliary shaft is in transmission connection with an input shaft through a coupler, a centrifugal mechanism comprises an integrated inner reversing device, the auxiliary shaft is assembled with the integrated inner reversing device, a driven frame of the centrifugal mechanism is assembled with an inner gear ring of a moving sleeve through a guide rod, an inner rack of the inner gear ring is matched with two hidden grooves of the auxiliary shaft, the inner gear ring of the moving sleeve is assembled with an inner ring of a bearing through an outer convex ring and an outer clamping spring, an outer fork ring of the moving sleeve is assembled with an outer ring of the bearing through the inner convex ring and the inner clamping spring, the outer fork ring is provided with a ball head or a cylinder at the lower end of a fork assembling rotating arm, the middle part of the rotating arm is assembled with a control switch box through a pin shaft, the upper end of the rotating arm is provided with a cylinder assembling and fixing spring at the lower end of the flyweight, the upper, the other button switch is electrically connected with the second-gear relay coil, the outer fork ring is provided with a sliding groove which is in sliding fit with a sliding rod fixed on the machine shell, and the axial lead of the sliding rod is parallel to the axial lead of the auxiliary shaft, so that the outer fork ring is prevented from rotating along with the auxiliary shaft. The coupler is formed by assembling a left convex ring spline housing, a right convex ring spline housing, arc-shaped sliding blocks and a hoop spring, wherein the two semicircular arc-shaped sliding blocks are assembled on the middle outer circles of the left convex ring spline housing and the right convex ring spline housing, and the hoop spring is sleeved on the outer circles of the two arc-shaped sliding blocks.

Or the guide rod and the movable sleeve are assembled through an outer clamp spring, the inner rack of the movable sleeve is assembled in the groove of the auxiliary shaft, the right end of the movable sleeve is provided with an outer convex ring, the left end is provided with a step and an outer clamp spring groove, and a left ring is assembled through the outer clamp spring, a touch ring is assembled between the outer convex ring and the left ring through a spline, the right end of the touch ring is provided with a right convex body and a plurality of right concave circular cavities which are arranged on the circumference, and a small pressure spring is assembled between the outer convex ring and the left ring, the left end of the touch ring is provided with a left convex body and a plurality of left concave circular cavities which are arranged on the circumference, and a small pressure spring is assembled between the left ring and the left ring, the right concave circular cavities and the left concave circular cavities are arranged on the circumference and are distributed alternatively, the convex end surfaces of the right convex body and the left convex body are arc-shaped, two ends of the touch ring are respectively, one of the rubber rod button switches is electrically connected with the first-gear relay coil, and the other rubber rod button switch is electrically connected with the second-gear relay coil.

Regarding the synchronizing ring, the name of chinese utility model patent application No. 201820440423.9: the gear inner expanding type synchronous ring is similar to the synchronous ring in the application, a sliding gear is fixed with a meshing gear ring, the meshing gear ring is provided with an inner concave ring groove, the synchronous ring is provided with a plurality of long arc-shaped openings or barb openings, a plurality of synchronous meshing teeth are arranged on the circumference of one end face of the synchronous ring, each synchronous meshing tooth is provided with two small inclined planes or arc-shaped planes, an arc-shaped friction block is assembled on the long arc-shaped openings, the outer circular surface of the arc-shaped friction block is matched with the inner concave ring groove of the meshing gear ring, a groove is formed in the inner circular surface of the arc-shaped friction block, and an inner snap spring is assembled in; or the barb opening is assembled with the arc-shaped friction block, and the barb is contacted with one end face of the arc-shaped friction block.

Regarding the reverse action device, there is also a specific introduction in the published chinese invention patent application (application No. 2012101255418), the sliding shaft type inner reverse action device is that two inner sliding sleeves of the driving frame are respectively assembled on two outer sliding shafts of the control frame, the driving frame is assembled outside the driven frame, two outer sliding sleeves of the driven frame are respectively assembled on two inner sliding shafts of the control frame, two blocking surfaces are respectively fixed on the outer sliding shafts or the inner sliding shafts, each blocking surface can be positioned in contact with the axial end surface of the driven frame or the driving frame, one end of the spring is assembled with the spring seat of the driving frame, the other end is assembled with the second spring seat of the driven frame, the control frame, the driving frame, the driven frame and the spring are all axially symmetrically arranged, and the moving stroke of the driving frame is larger than that of the driven frame.

Regarding the integrated inner reversing device, there is a specific introduction in the published Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 2015203679851) previously applied by the inventor, wherein the shift shaft is axially and sequentially provided with an operating device, a reverse action device and a transmission switching device, the operating device is a steel ball inclined plane device, and the steel ball inclined plane device is a steel ball groove matched with a steel ball claw; the steel ball in the steel ball groove contacts with the working surface of the steel ball claw. An integral internal reversing device, a control frame is formed by fixing a left clamp plate and a right clamp plate through a plurality of sliding shafts and at least two internal sliding shafts, a circle is fixed on the excircle of the end surface of the left clamp plate, a plurality of spring seat claws and a plurality of steel ball cylinders or steel ball grooves are distributed and fixed on the excircle circumference of the circle, notches are arranged at the corresponding positions of the spring seat claws of the circle and are matched with the spring seat sliding claws, a plurality of spring seat sliding claws and a plurality of dovetail plates are distributed and fixed on the excircle circumference of a small circle of a steel ball claw frame, the inner circle of the small circle is fixed with a driving frame, the spring seat claws are fixed with the left end of the sliding shafts, the right end of the sliding shafts is fixed with the right clamp plate, the spring seat sliding claws are provided with through holes which are sleeved on the sliding shafts in a sliding fit manner, return pressure springs are sleeved on the sliding shafts and compressed between the spring seat sliding claws and the right clamp plate, the driving frame is symmetrically provided with four spring seats, the driven frame is symmetrically, the spring seat of the driving frame and the spring seat of the driven frame are correspondingly provided with springs, the driven frame is assembled on the inner sliding shaft through the sliding hole, the reciprocating travel of the driving frame and the driven frame is positioned by the control frame, the travel of the driving frame is larger than that of the driven frame, and the middle points of the travel of the driving frame and the driven frame are on the same plane.

The epicyclic gear train is in gear transmission, an output shaft is assembled with a disc seat through a bearing, an outer sliding sleeve is assembled on a large cylinder at one end of the disc seat, the large cylinder is fixed with an inner gear ring, the outer sliding sleeve is assembled with an inner sliding sleeve in an axial sliding fit manner, a double-faced jaw gear ring is fixed on the inner sliding sleeve, one end face of the double-faced jaw gear ring is engaged with or separated from a first-gear clutch jaw gear ring fixed on a shell, the other end face of the double-faced jaw gear ring is engaged with or separated from a second-gear clutch jaw gear ring fixed on an input shaft, a double-faced jaw gear ring fixed ring piece is assembled on the sliding sleeve on the input shaft in a rotating fit manner, a planet carrier is fixed with the output shaft, the planet carrier is assembled with a planet wheel shaft, the planet wheel is engaged with a center wheel while engaged with the inner gear ring, the center wheel is fixed on the input shaft, one end of the input shaft is. The sliding sleeve is connected with the control system, the input shaft is connected with power, and the output shaft outputs power. Or the planet wheel shaft is assembled with a large planet wheel and a small planet wheel, the large planet wheel and the small planet wheel are overlapped and fixed, the small planet wheel is meshed with the inner gear ring, and the large planet wheel is meshed with the central wheel.

The double-shaft second-gear transmission device is characterized in that a stroke gear locking device and a bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch are assembled on an input shaft, and a first-gear sliding gear and a second-gear sliding gear which are assembled on the input shaft are respectively meshed with a first-gear driven gear and a second-gear driven gear which are fixedly assembled on a driven shaft; the bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch is connected with a stroke gear locking device, the stroke gear locking device is connected with a driver operating device or an electric appliance operating device, a driven shaft is assembled with a fixed chain wheel or a small gear to output power, and an input shaft is in transmission connection with the power.

The electric appliance control device comprises a controller electromagnet quick-acting mechanism which is a swinging electromagnet combination or a torsion electromagnet combination.

The swing type electromagnet assembly is characterized in that the force arm is in a swing arm shape, one end of the force arm is fixed with the rotating shaft, the other end of the force arm is movably connected with the lugs of the first group of electromagnets and the lugs of the second group of electromagnets through pin shafts, the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets are arranged in opposite directions, the tail parts of the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets are respectively positioned with the casing through the pin shafts, and the force arm swings back and forth.

The torsional electromagnet assembly is characterized in that the force arm is in a shuttle shape, the middle part of the force arm is fixed with the rotating shaft, one end of the force arm is movably connected with the lugs of the first group of electromagnets through a pin shaft, the other end of the force arm is movably connected with the lugs of the second group of electromagnets through a pin shaft, the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets are arranged in parallel, the tail parts of the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets are respectively positioned with the shell through a pin shaft, and the force arm rotates back and.

The first group of electromagnets are attracted and the second group of electromagnets are repelled at the same time, the first group of electromagnets are repelled and the second group of electromagnets are attracted at the same time, and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets at the two ends of the electromagnets are different.

The swing type electromagnet combination or the torsion type electromagnet combination is formed by assembling an electromagnet and a permanent magnet at intervals through a sliding column or a control frame, a coil of the electromagnet is electrified to generate attraction or repulsion with the permanent magnet, and a rubber pad and a pressure spring are assembled between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet.

The coils of the first group of electromagnets are connected in parallel or in series with the coils of the second group of electromagnets, two wiring terminals of the coils are divided into four wiring terminals which are respectively and electrically connected with four fixed contacts of two relays, the two relays alternately make and break current, the moving contacts of the two relays alternately make and break the current in opposite directions, and the coils of the two relays are electrically connected through a controller or are electrically connected through a ratchet wheel disc contact switch or are electrically connected through a reverse action button switch; the electromagnet assembly is sealed by a cover cap to prevent water and dust.

The stroke gear locking device is characterized in that two long grooves and two short grooves are arranged on an input shaft in a circumferential alternating mode, a movable sleeve seat is provided with two inner racks and two long holes which are assembled on the input shaft, the two inner racks of the movable sleeve seat are assembled in the two long grooves of the input shaft, the two long holes are opposite to the two short grooves, one end of the movable sleeve seat is provided with an outer convex check ring, the other end of the movable sleeve seat is fixedly assembled with a check ring, the outer convex check ring and the check ring are respectively provided with two outer convex claws, the opposite parts of the outer convex check ring and the check ring are respectively provided with two lugs, the lugs are arranged at two ends of the long holes, the lugs are provided with pin shaft holes, each lug is assembled with a crank through a pin shaft and a torsion spring, a large sliding sleeve is assembled between the outer convex check ring and the check ring of the movable sleeve seat in a sliding fit mode through splines, the outer circle of the, the pull claws protrude towards the inner circle and are matched with the force arms of the crank throws, the force arms of every two corresponding crank throws are assembled between the corresponding two pull claws, the push claws are matched with the outer convex claws, every two corresponding push claws are assembled between the corresponding two outer convex claws, concave notches are respectively arranged on two sides of two end parts of the short groove of the input shaft, pin shaft holes are formed in the concave notches and are used for assembling the buckling claws through pin shafts and torsion springs, contacts of the crank throws are matched with convex heads of the buckling claws, one side of the convex head at one end of the buckling claw is provided with a vertical surface on the other side of an inclined surface, the other end of the buckling claw is provided with a stroke convex head which is contacted with the bottom surface of the short groove of the input shaft, one end of the movable sleeve seat is provided with a through hole assembling pin shaft or a guide rod which.

The other end of the buckling claw is provided with a stroke raised head which is in contact positioning with the bottom surface of the short groove of the input shaft; or a torsional spring is sleeved on a pin shaft which is connected with the buckling claw and the input shaft through a pin shaft to enable the buckling claw to be elastically assembled, and the pin shaft is assembled on the input shaft through an outer shaft clamp.

Or the shifting fork replaces the shifting ring, the operating sliding shaft of the shifting fork and the sliding sleeve fixed on the machine shell are provided with the top ball positioning device, and the shifting fork is in clearance fit with the outer concave ring groove of the large sliding sleeve when the shifting fork stops operating.

When the operating system enables the large sliding sleeve to move, the pulling claw at one end of the large sliding sleeve pulls the crank throw, the crank throw contact pushes the buckling claw, the buckling claw swings to separate from the long opening of the movable sleeve seat, then the pushing claw at the other end of the large sliding sleeve is in contact with the outer convex claw to bear force and force the movable sleeve seat to move along with the large sliding sleeve, the movable sleeve seat can be unlocked firstly and then moves, and gear unlocking and separation of the clutch are achieved.

When the movable sleeve seat moves, the buckling claws are forced to act through the inclined planes of the buckling claw raised heads, and when the buckling claw raised heads enter the elongated holes of the movable sleeve seat, the buckling claws automatically lock the movable sleeve seat through the vertical planes of the raised heads under the action of springs, so that the gear locking of the clutch is realized. Therefore, the large sliding sleeve moves back and forth to realize the gear shifting and speed changing of the speed changer.

The large cylinder at one end of the disc seat is assembled with an outer sliding sleeve through a rubber block and an inner snap spring, an inner gear ring is arranged in the large cylinder, the right end of the large cylinder is provided with an inner blocking surface, a right end blocking surface and a right convex blocking block arranged on the circumference, each right convex blocking block protrudes towards the right end and is provided with a notch for assembling the inner snap spring, the left end of the outer sliding sleeve is provided with an outer blocking surface, the left end blocking surface and the circumference are provided with left convex blocking blocks, the right side of each left convex blocking block is provided with a notch for assembling the inner snap spring, the left convex blocking blocks and the right convex blocking blocks are assembled alternately, the right end surface of each right convex blocking block is in contact sliding fit with the left end blocking surface, a rubber block is assembled between each left convex blocking block and the right convex blocking block, the notches of the left convex blocking blocks and the notches of the right convex blocking blocks are assembled together with the inner snap spring, and the inner.

The electric appliance operating device and the driver operating device comprise a double-connecting-rod double-crank mechanism, two shaft rods are symmetrically arranged on a shifting ring, each shaft rod is provided with a clamp spring groove, one end of each connecting rod is fixedly sleeved with a shaft sleeve, the other end of each connecting rod is movably connected with one end of each crank through a pin shaft, the other end of each crank is fixed on a rotating shaft, the two connecting rods and the two cranks are arranged in parallel, the rotating shaft is used for fixing the two cranks to form a fork on two sides of an input shaft, the rotating shaft is assembled on one side of the input shaft in parallel with a vertical line of the input shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is assembled on a bearing seat of a casing through a sliding sleeve or a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft penetrates through a.

The electric appliance control device comprises a ratchet wheel disc contact switch, the ratchet wheel disc contact switch is provided with a pawl, a contact pressing sheet, an electromagnet pull claw, a conductive connecting device and a relay, two groups of ratchet wheel disc contact switches are associated to form electric connection with relay coils, the two groups of ratchet wheel disc contact switches are alternately and instantly electrified, eight ratchets are arranged on the circumference of the outer circle of a ratchet wheel disc, four contacts are fixed on the circumference of the plane of the ratchet wheel disc, the contacts of the contact pressing sheet are pressed on a circle formed by the rotation of the four contacts, the contacts of the contact pressing sheet are pressed on eight points which are circumferentially arranged by taking the four contacts as the circumference, and the contacts of the contact pressing sheet are pressed on distributed points which are alternated with the four contacts when the ratchet wheel disc is; the ratchet dish is four electrically conductive contacts of inlaying on the insulating material, and the evagination end of cross sheetmetal is established to the contact, and the centre is equipped with the ring piece, and the round hole clearance fit cover in the middle of the ring piece is epaxial, and the ring piece contacts with the electrically conductive preforming of ring, and the electrically conductive preforming of ring is equipped with the evagination piece and is connected with the wire electricity, and the outer terminal surface of the electrically conductive preforming of ring contacts with the pressure spring. The pulling claw of the electromagnet pulling claw can also be assembled into an elastic pulling claw.

The left end of the input shaft of the bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch is provided with a small shaft diameter part which is matched with a first-gear sliding gear in a rotating mode, the right end of the first-gear sliding gear is provided with a first-gear clutch, a sliding sleeve is arranged between the first-gear clutch and a second-gear clutch, and the second-gear clutch is arranged at the left end of the second-gear sliding gear; the right end of a first-gear sliding gear is assembled and fixed with a driven rack, the driven rack is assembled with a plurality of driven plates through splines, two outer concave ring grooves are formed in the right side of a step with a small shaft diameter, two outer check rings are assembled with two outer check rings, a driving rack is assembled between the two outer check rings, an inner rack is assembled in a long groove of an input shaft on the driving rack, an outer convex check ring is arranged at the left end of the driving rack, a movable push plate is assembled at the right end of the driving rack through splines, a plurality of driving plates are assembled between the outer convex check rings and the movable push plate, the movable push plate is matched with a left push ring, and the left push ring is assembled at the left end of a; the sliding sleeve right-hand member is equipped with the right side and pushes away the circle, pushes away the circle and cooperates with the removal push pedal of second gear clutch on the right side, and the sliding sleeve is connected with stroke lock shelves device through the assembly round pin axle.

The two-way multi-plate friction clutch may also be: the left end of the input shaft is provided with a small shaft diameter end which is matched with a first-gear sliding gear in a rotating mode, the right end of the first-gear sliding gear is provided with a first-gear clutch, a sliding sleeve is arranged between the first-gear clutch and a second-gear clutch, and the second-gear clutch is matched with the left end of the second-gear sliding gear; a driven rack is assembled and fixed on a first-gear sliding gear, a driven plate is assembled on the driven rack through a spline, a driving rack is assembled on the right side of a step with a small shaft diameter and provided with an outer concave ring groove and a retaining ring, an inner rack is assembled in a groove with the length of an input shaft on the driving rack, a driving plate is assembled on the driving rack through an outer spline, the driving plate and the driven plate are assembled alternately, a diaphragm spring is assembled on the driven rack, an outer concave groove-shaped sliding ring is assembled on a circular hole formed by a plurality of claw ends of the diaphragm spring, a wave plate spring ring is assembled in the outer concave ring groove of the outer concave groove-shaped sliding ring and is in adaptive contact positioning with the claw ends of the diaphragm spring, the right end surface of the outer concave groove-shaped sliding ring is adaptive to a left pushing ring, and the left; the right push ring is assembled at the right end of the sliding sleeve, and the first-gear clutch and the second-gear clutch are assembled in the same direction and have the same structure. And a separated wave plate spring coil is assembled between each driving plate, and a separated wave plate spring coil is assembled between each driven plate.

The tooth inlays the ring gear and is equipped with the synchronizing ring, the synchronizing ring is the synchronous ring of interior expanding, a plurality of tooth inlays the tooth of tooth ring one terminal surface circumference range fixed, the interior disc of tooth inlays the ring gear and is equipped with indent annular, the interior disc assembly synchronizing ring of tooth inlays the ring gear, the synchronizing ring is equipped with a plurality of long arcs, a terminal surface circumference range of synchronizing ring is equipped with a plurality of synchromesh teeth, every synchromesh tooth is equipped with two little inclined planes or indent arc surface, long arcs assemble arc clutch, the outer disc of arc clutch and the indent annular adaptation of tooth inlays the ring gear, the interior disc of arc clutch is equipped with the recess, jump ring in the recess assembly.

Compared with the prior art, the automatic gear transmission has the beneficial effects that:

1. the transmission adopts the controller electromagnet quick-acting device and the stroke gear-locking device, the gear-shifting process is completed instantly, and the continuity and reliability of power transmission are ensured.

2. The bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch is adopted to obtain effective buffering when the gear is engaged, so that the driving comfort of a vehicle is ensured during gear shifting, the transmission impact during gear shifting and speed changing is effectively buffered, and the operation of a driver is facilitated.

3. The epicyclic gear train gear transmission of the transmission is in a working condition of high-speed operation, the gear transmission is in synchronous operation to obtain the highest mechanical efficiency, the technology is applied to the second-gear differential motor and the hub motor which are assembled in the existing electric vehicle, the climbing capability of the electric vehicle is enhanced, the endurance mileage is increased, and the electric vehicle is also favorable for saving electricity and prolonging the service life of the motor and the battery.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic construction of a second speed epicyclic gearing of a first embodiment of the transmission of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the right side view of the outer sleeve and the large cylindrical portion of the disk seat of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a left side elevational view of a portion of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a portion of the dog gear ring of FIG. 1 assembled with a synchronizing ring;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the portion A of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-shaft, two-speed transmission of a second embodiment of the transmission of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the stroking device of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the retainer ring of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the moving nest of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is an exploded view of a portion of the trip blocking device;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a portion of the components of the dual linkage double crank mechanism;

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of another configuration of the first clutch;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of another arrangement of the range lock device and the two-way multi-plate friction clutch;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the combination of swing type electromagnets in the controller electromagnet snap action mechanism;

FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of another condition state of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a torsional electromagnet assembly in the controller electromagnet snap action mechanism;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the power switch power connection of two sets of electromagnet coils in the electromagnet snap action mechanism of the controller;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a first set of ratchet plate contact switches;

FIG. 19 is a schematic illustration of another condition of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the pawl of FIG. 19 after it has been retracted;

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a second set of ratchet plate contact switches rotating in synchronism with FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a schematic illustration of another condition of FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of the pawl of FIG. 22 shown in a retracted position;

FIG. 24 is a schematic structural view of a reverse-acting push button switch;

FIG. 25 is a schematic illustration of the construction of an alternate embodiment of FIG. 24;

fig. 26 is a partial component schematic view of another construction of a reverse-action push button switch.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a second-gear epicyclic gear train transmission of a first embodiment of the transmission of the present invention, which belongs to automatic gear shifting and is suitable for being assembled and used by a motor with the power less than two kilowatts.

The second-gear epicyclic gear train transmission is in epicyclic gear train gear transmission and comprises a machine shell 4, a bidirectional end face tooth clutch 5, an inner gear ring 315, a planet wheel 82, a central wheel 69, a planet carrier 62, an input shaft 1 and an output shaft 6, wherein the machine shell 4 comprises a cylindrical shell, a left end cover and a right end cover, three planet wheel shafts are arranged and fixed on the right end circumference of the planet carrier 62, the central part of the planet carrier is fixedly assembled with the excircle of the right end of the output shaft 6, a bearing seat is arranged on the right end of the output shaft, and the left end of the input; the right end of the output shaft is provided with an outward convex step, the outward convex step is in contact positioning with the right end face of the inner circle ring of the bearing 67, the left end face of the inner circle ring of the bearing is in contact positioning with the retainer ring 64, the outer circle ring of the bearing is assembled in the bearing seat at the central part of the large circle disc of the disc seat 65, the right end of the inner circle ring of the bearing seat is provided with an inward convex ring, the left end of the bearing seat is provided with an inner circle concave ring groove assembling inner snap spring 651, and the; the output shaft 6 is provided with a retainer ring 64 which is assembled on a bearing seat at the central part of the left end cover of the shell through a bearing 63.

Four long grooves are arranged on the circumference of the input shaft 1, the input shaft is respectively assembled with an outer snap spring 68, a center wheel 69, a left retainer ring 81, a disc seat 80, a retainer ring 79, a sliding sleeve 75, a guide rod, a retainer ring 73, a reverse action device 3, a centrifugal mechanism 2, a retainer ring, a tower spring seat 56 and a right retainer ring 58 from left to right, the left end of a control frame 71 of the reverse action device 3 is in contact positioning with the retainer ring 73, the right end of the control frame 71 is in contact positioning with a steel ball groove frame 59, the centrifugal mechanism 2 is composed of an inclined plane claw frame 54, the steel ball groove frame 59, a steel ball 55 and a tower spring 15, the small round end of the tower spring 15 is sleeved on the excircle of the tower spring seat 56, the large round end of the tower spring 15 is in contact stress with the right end of the inclined plane claw frame 54, the cylinder of the inclined plane claw frame 54 is connected with a driving frame 52 of the reverse action device through a. The right end of the input shaft is in transmission connection with the motor through a spline, and the left end of the output shaft is provided with a gear 61 to output power.

In order to reduce the impact of transmission, the large cylinder at the right end of the disk seat is assembled with an outer sliding sleeve 43 through a rubber block and an inner snap spring, the large cylinder 31 at the right end of the disk seat 65 is provided with an inner blocking surface 316, a right blocking surface 317 and right convex blocking blocks 312 which are arranged in a circumferential manner, each right convex blocking block protrudes towards the right end and is provided with a notch 311 for assembling the inner snap spring, the inner circle of the large cylinder of the disk seat is provided with an inner gear ring 315, the left end of the outer sliding sleeve is provided with an outer blocking surface 435, left end dog 434, the circumference is arranged and is equipped with left protruding dog 432, every left protruding dog the right is equipped with the breach 433 of jump ring in the assembly, left protruding dog 432 and the alternate assembly of right protruding dog 312, the right-hand member face and the contact sliding fit of left end dog 434 of right protruding dog 312, assemble a rubber block 32 between every left protruding dog and the right protruding dog, jump ring 33 in the breach of left protruding dog and the breach of right protruding dog assemble jointly, outer sliding sleeve 43 right-hand member inner circle circumference is arranged and is equipped with spout 431. The inner circle of the outer sliding sleeve 43 is axially assembled with the inner sliding sleeve 38 in a sliding fit manner, the inner circle of the inner sliding sleeve 38 is fixedly provided with the double-sided tooth-embedded gear ring 41, the inner circle of the double-sided tooth-embedded gear ring is fixedly provided with a ring sheet 77, the ring sheet is sleeved on the outer circle surface of the sliding sleeve 75 in a sliding fit manner, the inner circle surface of the sliding sleeve 75 is provided with four inner convex racks assembled in four long grooves of the input shaft, wherein two deep grooves are respectively assembled with a guide rod 95 and a guide rod 96, the right ends of the two inner convex rack parts of the sliding sleeve are provided with notches, the two notches are respectively assembled with a crank at the left end of the guide rod, the sliding sleeve is assembled with a ring wear-resistant ring pad 78, the two ring pads are assembled on two end surfaces of the trepanning part of the ring sheet 77, the right end of the sliding sleeve is provided with an outer clamp spring groove assembled with an outer clamp spring 76, the outer convex step, the ring pad, the right end bell cranks of the guide rods 95 and 96 are connected to the driven frame 72 of the reverse actuator 3.

The right end face of the double-faced jaw gear ring 41 is in adaptive engagement or separation with a first-gear jaw gear ring 45 assembled on the machine shell 4, the left end face of the double-faced jaw gear ring is in adaptive engagement or separation with a second-gear jaw gear ring 37 assembled on the input shaft 1, the first-gear jaw gear ring is assembled with a synchronizing ring 44 through an inner snap spring 47 and an arc-shaped sliding block 46, and the second-gear jaw gear ring 37 is assembled with a synchronizing ring 36 through an inner snap spring 34 and an arc-shaped sliding block 35; thirty-six tooth embedded teeth 453 are arranged on the circumference of the left end face of the first tooth embedded gear ring 45, an inner concave ring groove 451 is formed in the inner circular face, four long arc-shaped openings 445 are formed in the synchronizing ring 44, thirty-six synchronous meshing teeth are arranged on the circumference of the left end face of the synchronizing ring, two concave arc-shaped faces 449 are arranged on each synchronous meshing tooth 446, an arc-shaped friction block 46 is assembled on each long arc-shaped opening, the outer circular face of each arc-shaped friction block is matched with the concave ring groove 451 of the first tooth embedded gear ring, a groove 461 is formed in the inner circular face of each arc-shaped friction block, and an inner snap.

The output shaft 6 is assembled with a disc seat 65 through a bearing 67, the planet carrier 62 is fixed with the right end outer circle of the output shaft 6, the planet carrier is assembled with a planet wheel shaft, the planet wheel shaft is assembled with a planet wheel 82 in a rotating fit mode, the planet wheel is engaged with a central wheel 69 while being engaged with an inner gear ring 315, the central wheel is assembled and fixed on the input shaft 1, the left end of the input shaft and the right end of the output shaft are assembled and rotated through a bearing 66, the axial leads of the input shaft and the output shaft are on the same straight line, and the input shaft 1 is assembled with a right retainer ring 58 and assembled on a bearing seat at the.

The two-gear epicyclic gear train transmission shown in fig. 1 is an automatic gear shifting transmission, the second gear of the transmission is in an engaged state, and the central wheel, the planet wheels and the inner gear ring are in synchronous rotation transmission connection, so that the transmission efficiency is highest.

As shown in fig. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26, fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a two-shaft two speed transmission of a second embodiment of the transmission of the present invention; the gear shifting device is suitable for being assembled on two-wheel electric motorcycles and light electric automobiles with the power of less than twenty kilowatts, and can realize automatic gear shifting and gear shifting operated by drivers.

The double-shaft two-gear transmission adopts double-shaft two-gear transmission, a stroke gear locking device 7 and a bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch 9 are assembled on an input shaft 1, and a first-gear sliding gear 25 and a second-gear sliding gear 26 assembled on the input shaft are respectively meshed with a first-gear driven gear 21 and a second-gear driven gear 22 assembled and fixed on a driven shaft 23; the stroke gear locking device 7 is connected with the electric appliance operating device 8, and the left end of the driven shaft passes through a bearing 63 in a bearing seat hole of the shell 4 to be assembled with the fixed chain wheel 20, so that the stroke gear locking device can be used for middle-mounted driving of a two-wheeled motorcycle; a pinion 211 can be machined on the driven shaft 23 and meshed with a large gear of a differential, the driving device can be used for driving a rear axle of a light electric automobile, and the input shaft 1 is in transmission connection with a motor through an elastic coupling.

The left end of an input shaft 1 is provided with a small shaft diameter end, the small shaft diameter end is assembled with a first-gear sliding gear 25 in a rotating fit mode, the first-gear sliding gear is assembled and fixed with a driven plate frame 10, the driven plate frame is assembled with a driven plate through a spline, the right side of the step part of the small shaft diameter end of the input shaft is provided with an outer concave ring groove assembled with an outer snap spring 68, a driving plate frame 16 is assembled at the left end of the outer snap spring 68, the driving plate frame 16 is provided with two inner racks assembled in two long grooves of the input shaft 1, the driving plate frame 16 is assembled with a driving plate through an outer spline, the driving plate and the driven plate are assembled alternately, a diaphragm spring 27 is assembled at the right end of the driven plate frame 10, an inner circular hole-shaped claw end of the diaphragm spring 27 is assembled with an outer concave groove-shaped sliding ring 112, a spring ring assembled in the outer concave ring groove-shaped ring groove of the diaphragm is assembled with the inner circular hole-shaped, the left end of the left side pushing ring assembled on the sliding sleeve through a screw, the right end of the sliding sleeve 17 is assembled with the right pushing ring 19 through a screw, a second-gear sliding gear 26 and a driving rack 13 are assembled between a retainer ring on the right side of the sliding sleeve on the input shaft and a retainer ring 58, the driven rack 12 is assembled and fixed with a left convex ring of the second-gear sliding gear, the driving rack 13 is assembled with the input shaft through two inner racks, the diaphragm spring 28 is assembled at the left end of the driven rack 12, and an outer groove-shaped sliding ring is assembled at the inner circular hole-shaped claw end of the diaphragm spring 28 and matched with the right pushing ring 19. The left and right push rings 18 and 19 are assembled to the slide sleeve 17 by screw fitting and a locking washer 83.

The sliding sleeve is assembled with a pin shaft 11 through a shaft hole and a clamp spring, the pin shaft 11 penetrates through a through hole at the left end of a guide rod 115, the pin shaft is further assembled in a long through hole at the left end of the input shaft 1, the guide rod 115 penetrates through a round hole at the right end of the input shaft and is assembled in a shaft center cavity of the input shaft 1, the pin shaft 39 is assembled through a through hole at the right end of the guide rod 115, two ends of the pin shaft 39 penetrate through two through holes 979 at the left end of the movable sleeve seat 97 respectively and are then assembled through the clamp spring, and the pin shaft 39 is.

The stroke gear locking device 7 is assembled on the input shaft 1, two long grooves and two short grooves are arranged on the input shaft 1, the movable sleeve seat 97 is provided with two inner racks and two long holes which are assembled on the input shaft 1 in a sliding fit mode, for example, the inner rack 971 of the movable sleeve seat is assembled in the long groove 105 of the input shaft, and the long hole 972 of the movable sleeve seat is opposite to the short groove 103 of the input shaft. A convex check ring is arranged at the right end of the movable sleeve seat, a left lug 841 is arranged on the left upper surface of the long hole 972, a left lug 849 is arranged on the lower surface of the left upper surface of the long hole 972, a right lug 974 is arranged on the right upper surface of the long hole, the left lug 841 is assembled with the left crank throw 85 through a pin shaft 862 and a torsion spring, and the pin shaft 862 is inserted into a pin shaft hole of the left lug 841 and a pin shaft hole 851 of the; the left lug 849 is assembled with a left crank 861 through a pin shaft 855 and a torsion spring, the right lug 974 is assembled with a right crank 907 through a pin shaft 847 and a torsion spring 909, the lower right lug is assembled with the right crank 908 through a pin shaft 949 and a torsion spring, a groove 975 on the outer circle of the movable sleeve seat is in sliding fit with a rack 901 on the inner circle of the large sliding sleeve 90, an outer concave ring groove 902 is arranged on the outer circle of the large sliding sleeve and is in sliding fit with an assembly shifting ring 87, the left end of the movable sleeve seat 97 is assembled with a retaining ring 84 through an outer retaining spring groove 978, a step and a spline, and the retaining. The left end of the large sliding sleeve is provided with a left pulling claw 903, the right end is provided with a right pulling claw 906, the left pulling claw 903 is matched with a force arm 852 of the left crank throw 85, and the right pulling claw 906 is matched with a force arm of the right crank throw 908; the both ends position both sides of two upper and lower short recesses of input shaft 1 respectively are equipped with the concave surface breach, the concave surface breach position below the left end is through round pin axle 372 and spring 915 assembly left side knot claw 91, round pin axle 372 inserts in the round pin shaft hole 913 of left side knot claw 91, left side knot claw 91 left end is equipped with the bottom surface contact location of stroke plush copper 912 and the short recess of input shaft 1, be equipped with circular chamber 914 assembly spring 915 lower extreme above the left side knot claw 91 right-hand member, the assembly of spring 915 upper end is in the circular chamber of the corresponding position of input shaft, left side knot claw 91 is equipped with two round pin shaft hole assembly round pin axles 372 that round pin shaft hole 913 and input shaft correspond, round pin axle 372 presss from both sides the locking on the input. A pin shaft hole 108 at the concave notch 107 on the upper surface of the right end of the input shaft 1 is assembled with a right buckle claw 94 through a pin shaft 945 and a spring 943; a pin shaft hole is formed in the concave notch position at the right end below the right end, and a right buckling claw 946 is assembled through a pin shaft 944 and a spring 943; the pin shaft hole 106 of the concave notch position on the upper surface of the left end of the input shaft is assembled with the left buckling claw 93 through a pin shaft 373 and a spring, the pin shaft 373 is inserted into the pin shaft hole 932 of the left buckling claw 93, the left end of the left buckling claw 93 is provided with a stroke raised head which is in contact positioning with the bottom surface of the short groove 103 of the input shaft 1, a contact 853 of a left crank 85 is matched with the raised head of the left buckling claw 93, the right end of the raised head of the left buckling claw 93 is provided with an inclined surface 931, and the left end of the raised head of the left buckling claw 93 is provided with a vertical surface which is matched with the short side surface of the left end of; the contact of the left crank throw 861 is matched with the raised head of the left buckle claw 91; the contact of the right crank 907 is matched with the raised head of the right buckling claw 94, the left crank and the right crank are identical in structure and are only installed in opposite directions, and the left buckling claw and the right buckling claw are identical in structure and are only installed in opposite directions.

The convex retainer ring is provided with two convex claws 977, the retainer ring is provided with two convex claws 843, the right end of the large sliding sleeve is provided with two pulling claws 906 and two pushing claws 905, the left end of the large sliding sleeve is provided with two pulling claws 903 and two pushing claws 904, the pushing claws and the pulling claws are arranged alternately in circumferential arrangement, the pulling claws protrude towards the inner circle and are matched with the force arms of the crank throws, the force arms of every two corresponding crank throws are assembled between the corresponding two pulling claws, every two corresponding pushing claws are assembled between the corresponding two convex claws, for example, the pushing claws 905 are matched with the convex claws 977.

In order to facilitate assembly and maintenance, the dial ring 87 in the electric appliance operating device 8 is assembled and fixed by an upper semicircular body 801 and a lower semicircular body 701 through two pin shafts, for example, the upper semicircular body is provided with a small crank 803 and the small crank of the lower semicircular body 701 is assembled and fixed through a pin shaft 702 and an external clamp spring, the upper semicircular body 801 is provided with a convex shaft 802 and is assembled with a shaft sleeve 805 at the left end of a connecting rod 703 in a rotating matching way, the lower semicircular body 701 is provided with a convex shaft and is assembled with a shaft sleeve at the left end of a connecting rod 806, the right end of the connecting rod 703 is movably connected with the left end of the crank 705 through a pin shaft 704, and the right end of the; the right end of the connecting rod 806 is movably connected with the left end of the crank 707 through a pin 706, the right end of the crank 707 is fixed with the rotating shaft 708, the lower end of the rotating shaft 708 is assembled on the casing through a bearing, the upper end of the rotating shaft penetrates through a bearing and an oil seal 709 which are assembled on the casing 4 to be fixed with the right end of the swinging arm 808, and two semicircular combined wear-resistant groove rings 86 are assembled between the shifting ring and the concave groove 902 of the large sliding sleeve 90.

In order to bear large load, the dial ring 87 can be formed by welding, assembling and fixing the upper semicircular body 801 and the lower semicircular body 701.

In order to lighten the transmission and enhance the bearing capacity of the input shaft, as shown in fig. 12, the left end of the input shaft 1 is provided with a small shaft diameter part which is rotatably matched and assembled with a first-gear sliding gear 25 through a retaining ring 81, the right end of the first-gear sliding gear is assembled and fixed with a driven plate rack 10, the driven plate rack is assembled with a driven plate through a spline, the right large shaft diameter part of the small shaft diameter step of the input shaft is provided with two external concave ring grooves for assembling an external snap spring 113 and an external snap spring 68, a driving plate rack 16 is assembled between the external snap spring 113 and the external snap spring 68, the driving plate rack 16 is provided with two internal racks which are assembled in two long grooves of the input shaft 1, the left end of the driving plate rack 16 is provided with an external convex retaining ring 163, the, a driving plate and a driven plate are assembled between the outer convex retainer ring 163 and the movable push plate 165, the right end face of the movable push plate 165 is matched with the left end face of the left push ring 18, and the left push ring 18 is assembled on the sliding sleeve 17 through screws and locking plate gaskets.

The structure of the bidirectional multiplate friction clutch 9 may be assembled as shown in fig. 13 for ease of manufacture and cost reduction. The right push ring 19 is assembled at the right end of the sliding sleeve 17 through a screw and a lock washer 83, the sliding sleeve 17 is provided with an assembly hole 713, the right end face of the right push ring 19 is matched with the left end face of a movable push plate assembled by the driving rack 13, and the driving rack 13 is assembled with the input shaft through two inner racks. The driven rack 12 is fixedly assembled at the left end of the second-gear sliding gear 26, driven pieces are assembled on the driven rack through splines, driving pieces assembled on the driving rack 13 and driven pieces assembled on the driven rack 12 are assembled at intervals, and the driving rack 13 and the second-gear sliding gear 26 are assembled on the input shaft 1 through two check rings. The left end of the input shaft 1 is provided with a small shaft diameter part which is assembled with a first-gear sliding gear 25 in a rotating fit mode through a retainer ring 81, the right end of the first-gear sliding gear is assembled and fixed with a driven plate frame 10, the driven plate frame is assembled with a driven plate through a spline, an outer concave ring groove assembled outer snap spring 68 is arranged on a large shaft diameter part on the right side of a small shaft diameter step of the input shaft, and the driving plate frame 16 and the first-gear sliding gear 25 are assembled between the outer snap spring 68 and the outer snap spring 81.

In order to ensure that gear shifting is quick and reliable, the gear shifting power adopts electromagnet combination. Fig. 14 and 15 show a swing type electromagnet assembly, the arm 808 is in the shape of a swing arm, the lower end of the arm is fixed to the shaft 708, the upper end of the arm is movably connected to the lug 886 of the first set of electromagnets on the left and the lug 996 of the second set of electromagnets on the right through a pin 888, the first set of electromagnets and the second set of electromagnets are arranged in opposite directions, the tail 881 of the first set of electromagnets is positioned with the casing through a pin 882, the tail 992 of the second set of electromagnets is positioned with the casing through a pin 991, and the arm swings back and forth.

Fig. 16 shows a torsional electromagnet assembly, the moment arm 809 is in the shape of a shuttle, the middle of the moment arm is fixed to the shaft 708, the upper end of the moment arm is movably connected to the lugs 886 of the first group of electromagnets by the pin roll 888, the lower end of the moment arm is movably connected to the lugs 996 of the second group of electromagnets by the pin roll, the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets are arranged in parallel, the tail 882 of the first group of electromagnets is positioned with the housing by the pin roll, the tail 992 of the second group of electromagnets is positioned with the housing by the pin roll 991, and the moment arm.

Electromagnet 884 is attracted to permanent magnet 883 and permanent magnet 885, electromagnet 994 is attracted to permanent magnet 995 and permanent magnet 993, electromagnet 884 is attracted to permanent magnet 995 and permanent magnet 993, and the magnetic poles of permanent magnet 883 at the left end and electromagnet 885 at the right end of electromagnet 884 are different.

The swinging electromagnet combination and the torsion electromagnet combination are all formed by assembling electromagnets between two permanent magnets, the electromagnets 884, the permanent magnets 883 and the permanent magnets 885 are assembled at intervals through sliding columns 887 and compression springs 889, coils of the electromagnets are electrified to generate attraction or repulsion with the permanent magnets, and rubber pads and compression springs are assembled between the electromagnets and the permanent magnets. The electromagnet 994 is alternately assembled with the permanent magnet 995 and the permanent magnet 993 through a sliding column 997 and a pressure spring 998.

As shown in fig. 17, the coils of the electromagnet 884 of the first group are connected in parallel with the coils of the electromagnet 994 of the second group, two terminals of the coils are divided into four terminals to be electrically connected with four fixed contacts of the relay 778 and the relay 779 respectively, the two relays alternately switch on and off current, and the moving contacts of the two relays alternately switch on and off current in opposite directions. The moving contacts of the two relays are not electrically connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply.

In order to realize the stable and reliable automatic speed changing and gear shifting functions of the speed changer, the coils of the two relays are electrically connected through the ratchet wheel disc contact switch. As shown in fig. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23, the ratchet plate contact switch is provided with a pawl 171, a contact pressing plate 175, an electromagnet pulling claw, a conductive connecting device and a relay, two sets of ratchet plate contact switches are associated to form an electrical connection with a relay coil, the association of the two sets of ratchet plate contact switches is to alternately and instantly electrify two relay coils, eight ratchets 161 are arranged on the circumference of the outer circle of the ratchet plate, four contacts are fixed on the circumference of the plane of the ratchet plate, the contacts 173 of the contact pressing plate 175 are pressed on the circle formed by the rotation of the four contacts, the contacts of the contact pressing plate are pressed on the distribution points of eight points which are arranged by taking the four contacts as the circumference, and the contacts of the contact pressing plate are pressed on the distribution points of the four contacts when the ratchet plate is in; ratchet plate 166 is four electrically conductive contacts of inlaying on the insulating material, and the evagination end of cross sheetmetal 162 is established to the contact, and the centre is equipped with the ring piece, and the round hole clearance fit cover in the middle of the ring piece is on axle 163, and the ring piece contacts with the electrically conductive preforming of ring, and the electrically conductive preforming of ring is equipped with protruding piece 167 and is connected with the wire electricity, and the outer terminal surface of the electrically conductive preforming of ring contacts atress with the pressure spring.

For convenience of understanding, the two groups of ratchet wheel disc contact switches are connected to form a first-gear ratchet wheel disc contact switch and a second-gear ratchet wheel disc contact switch which are electrically connected with the relay coil, and the relay coil is electrically connected with a first-gear relay coil and a second-gear relay coil respectively. The relay can be selected from a power-off delay relay, and is generally from zero point two seconds to zero point five seconds.

A pawl 171 of a first-gear ratchet plate contact switch is assembled on a box frame through a torsion spring 172 and a pin shaft, an electromagnet pull claw is fixed with an iron core 157 assembled with an electromagnet 155, the iron core is assembled with a pressure spring 156 through a retainer ring 158, and the tail end of the electromagnet is assembled on the box frame 153 through the torsion spring 151 and the pin shaft 154. The contact 164 of the convex end of the cross-shaped metal sheet 162 shown in fig. 18 is arranged at the right side of the contact 173 of the contact pressing sheet 175, at this time, the controller collects signals to generate shift electrification to electrify the coil of the electromagnet pulling claw, the pulling claw 159 acts to force the ratchet disc contact to switch, the ratchet disc shown in fig. 19 rotates for forty-five degrees, the contact 164 of the cross-shaped metal sheet 162 and the contact 173 of the contact pressing sheet 175 are electrified instantly, at this time, the first-gear relay coil electrically connected with the convex sheet 167 of the circular conductive pressing sheet and the contact pressing sheet 175 is electrified, and the movable contact action of the relay enables the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets to be electrified simultaneously to realize the action. Fig. 20 shows the pull pawl being returned by the action of a compression spring 156. Fig. 19 and 21 show two sets of ratchet plate contact switches associated with the same time, the two sets of ratchet plate contact switches are respectively electrically connected with coils of two relays, and the associated two sets of ratchet plate contact switches are alternately switched on and off to supply current and are controlled by the same electromagnet pulling claw. To extend the useful life of the ratchet plate contact switch, the pull pawl 159 may be configured as a resilient pull pawl.

The second-gear ratchet plate contact switch is as shown in fig. 21, the contact 185 of the outer convex end of the cross-shaped metal sheet 184 is arranged below the contact 181 of the contact pressing sheet 182, at this time, the controller collects signals to generate shift electrification to electrify the coil of the electromagnet pulling claw, the pulling claw 159 acts to force the ratchet plate contact switch to act, the ratchet plate shown in fig. 22 rotates for forty-five degrees, the contact 185 of the cross-shaped metal sheet 184 and the contact 181 of the contact pressing sheet 182 are electrified instantly, at this time, the second-gear relay coil electrically connected with the convex sheet 187 of the circular conductive pressing sheet and the contact pressing sheet 182 is electrified, the movable contact action of the relay enables the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets to be electrified simultaneously to realize action change into second gear, and fig. 23 shows that the. The second gear relay coil is instantly electrified by the action of the pulling claw, after the contact 185 is electrified once, the second gear relay coil is not electrified when the pulling claw acts again, the other first gear relay coil is electrified, the ratchet wheel disc 166 rotates by forty-five degrees again, the contact 165 of the cross-shaped metal sheet 162 and the contact 173 of the contact pressing sheet 175 are instantly electrified, and at the moment, the first gear relay coil which is electrically connected with the protruding sheet 167 of the circular conductive pressing sheet and the contact pressing sheet 175 is electrified, so that the second gear is changed into a first gear; when the pulling claw acts again, the coil of the second gear relay is electrified, and the coil of the first gear relay is not electrified. The contact 186 of the cross-shaped metal sheet 184 and the contact 181 of the contact pressing sheet 182 are instantaneously electrified, and at this time, the coil of the second-gear relay electrically connected with the protruding sheet 187 of the circular conductive pressing sheet and the contact pressing sheet 182 is electrified, so that the first gear is changed into the second gear. Thus, the automatic gear shifting of the transmission is realized circularly. Switches may be disposed on opposite sides of one ratchet plate 166.

In order to stabilize and ensure the automatic gear shifting of the transmission, a reverse action button switch can be also assembled to control the gear shifting. As shown in fig. 24, 25 and 26. The right end of the auxiliary shaft is in transmission connection with a spline at the left end of the input shaft through a coupler through a spline, the coupler is formed by assembling a left convex ring spline housing 718, a right convex ring spline housing 719, an arc-shaped sliding block 717 and a hoop spring 716, two semicircular arc-shaped sliding blocks are assembled on the middle outer circles of the left convex ring spline housing 718 and the right convex ring spline housing 719, and tension springs are sleeved on the outer circles of the two arc-shaped sliding blocks to form the hoop spring 716, so that transmission impact of a centrifugal mechanism and an electric appliance control part on the auxiliary shaft can be reduced.

The auxiliary shaft 109 is provided with an integrated inner reversing device, a steel ball cylinder is fixed on the outer circular edge of the control frame 183, an opening of the steel ball cylinder inclines towards the outer circle and is matched with the steel ball claw 133, the axial lead of the steel ball cylinder and the axial lead of the auxiliary shaft form a forty-five degree inclination angle, the driving frame 52 of the reverse action device 3 is fixed on the steel ball claw frame, and the working surface of the steel ball claw 133, which is contacted with the steel ball 55, is vertical to the axial lead of the auxiliary shaft 109; the auxiliary shaft is provided with two deep grooves provided with guide rods 96 and 95, the driven frame 72 is assembled with the left ends of the two guide rods, the right end of the guide rod is assembled with an inner gear ring 139 of the moving sleeve, an inner rack of the inner gear ring is matched with the two submerged grooves of the auxiliary shaft, the inner gear ring of the moving sleeve is assembled with an inner ring of the bearing 63 through an outer convex ring and an outer snap spring, and an outer fork ring 195 of the moving sleeve is assembled with an outer ring of the bearing 63 through the inner convex ring and the inner snap spring. The outer fork ring 195 is provided with a ball 713 at the lower end of a fork 138 assembling rotating arm 136, the middle part of the rotating arm is assembled with a control switch box through a pin shaft 135, the upper end of the rotating arm is provided with the lower end of a cylindrical assembling fixing spring 194, the upper end of the spring is fixed with the cylindrical part at the lower end of a flyweight 191, the upper end of the flyweight is spherical, a normally open contact switch is respectively fixed at the left side and the right side of the reciprocating swing of the flyweight 191, the left side of the flyweight is provided with a first-gear relay coil switch 192, the right side of the flyweight is provided with a second-gear relay coil switch 193, when a reverse action device rapidly acts to cause the swinging of the rotating arm. The outer yoke 195 has a sliding slot that is slidably engaged with a sliding rod 131 fixed to the housing to prevent the outer yoke 195 from rotating with the auxiliary shaft 109.

In order to reduce the cost, as shown in fig. 26, a guide rod 96 right crank throw in a deep groove of an auxiliary shaft 109 is inserted into a gap of a moving sleeve 711, and is assembled and positioned by an outer snap spring 81, two inner racks of the moving sleeve 711 are assembled in two shallow grooves of the auxiliary shaft, an outer convex ring is arranged at the right end of the moving sleeve 711, a step is arranged at the left end, an outer snap spring groove is assembled with a left ring 134 through the outer snap spring 81, a touch ring is assembled between the outer convex ring and the left ring through a spline, a right convex body 197 and three right concave circular cavities which are circumferentially arranged are arranged at the right end of the touch ring, a small compression spring 715 is assembled in the right concave circular cavity, a small compression spring 715 is assembled in a concave cavity which is correspondingly arranged at the left end of the outer convex ring, a left convex body 198 and three left concave circular cavities which are circumferentially arranged are arranged at the left end of the touch ring, a small compression spring 199 is assembled in a concave cavity which is correspondingly assembled at, the convex end face of the right convex body and the convex end face of the left convex body are arc-shaped, both ends are respectively provided with a normally open contact switch at the left and right ends of the touch ring, the right convex body 197 right side is provided with a rubber touch handle of a first-gear relay coil switch 192, the left convex body 198 left side is provided with a rubber touch handle of a second-gear relay coil switch 193, when the reverse action device rapidly acts, the touch ring rapidly moves, the inertia of the touch ring can touch the switch to be instantly closed, only the rotation is generated after the inertia movement during the action, the normally open state is rapidly recovered after the disconnection, the reverse action button switch control gear shifting is realized, and the reverse action button switch has stable and reliable performance.

And a manual normally open contact switch can be connected in parallel with one normally open contact switch at the left end and the right end of the touch ring, so that the manual button can be collided to shift.

The speed change principle and the operation process of the speed changer are as follows:

referring to fig. 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, 17, 24 and 25, the left end of the input shaft 1 extends out of the left half shell of the casing, the external spline at the left end of the input shaft is assembled with the right convex ring spline housing 719 of the coupling, the left convex ring spline housing 718 of the coupling is assembled with the external spline at the right end of the counter shaft 109, the left end of the counter shaft 109 is assembled on the bearing seat of the casing cylinder cover through a bearing, and the bearing hole and the oil seal assembled by the bearing seat of the right half shell of the input shaft extending out of the right half shell of the casing at the right end of the input shaft are in transmission connection with the rotating shaft of the motor.

When the vehicle is started, the first-gear clutch is in a combined state under the action of the stroke locking device 7 assembled on the input shaft 1, when the vehicle runs in an accelerated mode, a reverse action button switch assembled on the auxiliary shaft 109 can generate a function to enable a second-gear relay coil to be instantly electrified, a movable contact of a second-gear relay acts, a coil of an electromagnet combination is electrified, the electromagnet acts rapidly, the double-connecting-rod double-crank mechanism pulls the stroke locking device to move to a second-gear locking position, the first-gear clutch in gear transmission is separated, the second-gear clutch is rapidly combined to obtain continuity of power transmission, and due to the fact that the bidirectional multi-piece friction clutch is adopted, a motor rotor can be rapidly synchronized with the second-gear transmission, the rotating speed of the motor is accelerated at the moment, and the vehicle runs in the second-gear state at a high speed.

When the vehicle needs to decelerate, the second-gear clutch is in a combined state under the action of the stroke gear locking device 7 assembled on the input shaft 1, when the vehicle runs at a decelerated speed, a reverse action button assembled on the auxiliary shaft 109 can generate a function to enable a first-gear relay coil to be electrified instantly, a movable contact of a first-gear relay acts, a coil of an electromagnet combination is electrified, an electromagnet acts rapidly, a shifting ring of the double-connecting-rod double-crank mechanism pulls the stroke gear locking device to move to a first-gear locking position, the gear-driven second-gear clutch is separated, and the first-gear clutch is combined rapidly. Because the bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch is adopted, the motor rotor can be quickly and synchronously driven with the first gear, and the rotating speed of the motor is reduced, so that the vehicle can run at a low speed in a first gear state. Therefore, automatic gear shifting and speed changing are realized by accelerating and decelerating, the matching of the motor with the vehicle speed and the load is obtained, and the efficiency of the motor is improved. After low-speed running, the parking power-off is realized, and a first gear is in a gear locking state. Therefore, the vehicle is driven by reciprocating operation, the speed change effect of automatic gear shifting of the transmission is achieved, and the comfortable reliability of gear shifting and speed changing of the vehicle is obtained by adopting the bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not limiting, and many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention in light of the teaching of the present invention. These are all within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A transmission comprises a control system, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system; the operating system comprises a driver operating device or a reverse action operating device or an electric appliance operating device, and the gear transmission system is double-shaft two-gear transmission or epicyclic gear train gear transmission; the method is characterized in that: the transmission switching system realizes gear shifting through the matching of a stroke gear locking device and a bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch or realizes gear shifting through the matching of a reverse action device and a bidirectional end face gear clutch;

the stroke gear locking device is characterized in that a long groove and a short groove are arranged on an input shaft, a movable sleeve seat is provided with an inner rack and a long hole which are assembled on the input shaft, an inner rack of the movable sleeve seat is assembled in the long groove of the input shaft, the long hole is opposite to the short groove, one end of the movable sleeve seat is provided with an outer convex retaining ring, the other end of the movable sleeve seat is fixedly assembled with a retaining ring, the outer convex retaining ring and the retaining ring are respectively provided with an outer convex claw, opposite parts are respectively provided with a convex lug, the convex lugs are arranged at two ends of the long hole, each convex lug is provided with a pin shaft hole which is assembled with a crank through a pin shaft and a spring, a large sliding sleeve is assembled between the outer convex retaining ring of the movable sleeve seat and the retaining ring through a spline, an outer concave groove is arranged on the outer circle of the large sliding sleeve in a rotating fit mode, two ends of the large sliding sleeve are respectively provided with a pull claw, an inner convex, a pin shaft hole is formed in the notch of the concave surface, a buckling claw is assembled through a pin shaft and a spring, a contact of a crank throw is matched with a convex head of the buckling claw, one side of the convex head at one end of the buckling claw is provided with an inclined plane, the other side of the inclined plane is provided with a vertical plane, the vertical plane is matched with the short edge surface of the long hole, the other end of the buckling claw is provided with a stroke convex head which is in contact positioning with the bottom surface of a short groove of an input shaft, one end of a movable sleeve seat is provided with a through hole assembly pin shaft or a guide rod which is connected with a bidirectional multi-;

in the bidirectional end face tooth clutch, a large cylinder at one end of a disc seat is assembled with an outer sliding sleeve through a rubber block and an inner snap spring, the outer sliding sleeve is assembled with an inner sliding sleeve in an axial sliding fit manner, the inner sliding sleeve fixes a double-faced tooth-embedded gear ring, a circular ring sheet is fixed on an inner circular surface of the double-faced tooth-embedded gear ring, the circular ring sheet is assembled between an outer convex retaining ring and a retaining ring of the sliding sleeve in a rotating fit manner, the sliding sleeve is provided with an inner convex rack which is assembled in a long groove of an input shaft, and one end of the inner convex rack part of the sliding; or the middle part of the sliding sleeve is provided with an outward convex check ring, a circular ring piece is assembled between the left end surface of the outward convex check ring and the circular ring locking piece as well as between the outward convex check ring and the check ring, a shifting fork is assembled between the right end surface of the outward convex check ring and the circular ring locking piece as well as between the outward convex check ring and the check ring, and the shifting fork is; one end surface of the double-faced jaw gear ring is matched with the jaw gear ring of the first-gear clutch assembled on the shell, the other end surface of the double-faced jaw gear ring is matched with the jaw gear ring of the second-gear clutch assembled on the input shaft, and the two jaw gear rings are respectively assembled with a synchronizing ring; a plurality of synchronous meshing teeth are arranged on one end face of the synchronous ring in a circumferential mode, and each synchronous meshing tooth is provided with two inwards concave arc-shaped faces.

2. The transmission of claim 1, wherein: the electric appliance control device comprises a reverse action button switch, an auxiliary shaft is in transmission connection with an input shaft through a coupler, the auxiliary shaft is assembled with an integrated inner reversing device, a driven frame of the electric appliance control device is assembled with an inner gear ring of a moving sleeve through a guide rod, an inner rack of the inner gear ring is matched with two hidden grooves of the auxiliary shaft, the inner gear ring of the moving sleeve is assembled with an inner ring of a bearing through an outer convex ring and an outer clamping spring, an outer fork ring of the moving sleeve is assembled with an outer ring of the bearing through the inner convex ring and the inner clamping spring, the outer fork ring is provided with a ball head or a cylinder at the lower end of a fork assembling rotating arm, the middle part of the rotating arm is assembled with a control switch box through a pin shaft, the upper end of the rotating arm is provided with a cylinder assembling and fixing spring, flyweights are fixed at the upper ends of the springs, normally open button switches, the outer fork ring is provided with a sliding groove which is in sliding fit with a sliding rod fixed on the shell, and the axial lead of the sliding rod is parallel to the axial lead of the auxiliary shaft;

the coupler is formed by assembling a left convex ring spline housing, a right convex ring spline housing, arc-shaped sliding blocks and a hoop spring, wherein two semicircular arc-shaped sliding blocks are assembled on the middle outer circles of the left convex ring spline housing and the right convex ring spline housing, and the hoop spring is sleeved on the outer circles of the two arc-shaped sliding blocks;

or the guide rod and the movable sleeve are assembled through an outer clamp spring, the inner rack of the movable sleeve is assembled in the groove of the auxiliary shaft, the right end of the movable sleeve is provided with an outer convex ring, the left end is provided with a step and an outer clamp spring groove, and a left ring is assembled through the outer clamp spring, a touch ring is assembled between the outer convex ring and the left ring through a spline, the right end of the touch ring is provided with a right convex body and a plurality of right concave circular cavities which are arranged on the circumference, and a small pressure spring is assembled between the outer convex ring and the left ring, the left end of the touch ring is provided with a left convex body and a plurality of left concave circular cavities which are arranged on the circumference, and a small pressure spring is assembled between the left ring and the left ring, the right concave circular cavities and the left concave circular cavities are arranged on the circumference and are distributed alternatively, the convex end surfaces of the right convex body and the left convex body are arc-shaped, and both ends of the touch ring, one of the rubber bar button switches is electrically connected with the first-gear relay coil, and the other rubber bar button switch is electrically connected with the second-gear relay coil.

3. The transmission of claim 1, wherein: the double-shaft second-gear transmission or the epicyclic gear train gear transmission is adopted;

the epicyclic gear train is in gear transmission, an output shaft is assembled with a disc seat through a bearing, an outer sliding sleeve is assembled on a large cylinder at one end of the disc seat, the large cylinder is fixed with an inner gear ring, the outer sliding sleeve is assembled with an inner sliding sleeve in an axial sliding fit manner, a double-faced jaw gear ring is fixed on the inner sliding sleeve, one end face of the double-faced jaw gear ring is engaged with or separated from a first-gear clutch jaw gear ring fixed on a machine shell, the other end face of the double-faced jaw gear ring is engaged with or separated from a second-gear clutch jaw gear ring fixed on an input shaft, a double-faced jaw gear ring fixed ring sheet is assembled on the sliding sleeve on the input shaft in a rotating fit manner, a planet carrier is fixed with the output shaft, the planet carrier is assembled with a planet wheel shaft, the planet wheel is engaged with a central wheel while being engaged with the inner gear ring, the central wheel is fixed on the input shaft, one end of the input, the sliding sleeve is connected with the control system, the input shaft is connected with power, and the output shaft outputs power;

the double-shaft two-gear transmission device is characterized in that a stroke gear locking device and a bidirectional multi-piece friction clutch are assembled on an input shaft, a first-gear sliding gear and a second-gear sliding gear which are assembled on the input shaft are respectively meshed with a first-gear driven gear and a second-gear driven gear which are assembled and fixed on a driven shaft, the bidirectional multi-piece friction clutch is connected with the stroke gear locking device, the stroke gear locking device is connected with a driver operating device or an electric appliance operating device, a chain wheel or a small gear is fixed on the driven shaft to output power, and the input shaft is connected with the power transmission device.

4. The transmission of claim 1, wherein: the electric appliance control device comprises a controller electromagnet quick-acting mechanism which is a swinging electromagnet combination or a torsion electromagnet combination;

the swing type electromagnet assembly is characterized in that the force arm is in a swing arm shape, one end of the force arm is fixed with the rotating shaft, the other end of the force arm is movably connected with the lugs of the first group of electromagnets and the lugs of the second group of electromagnets through pin shafts, the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets are arranged in opposite directions, the tail parts of the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets are respectively positioned with the shell through the pin shafts, and the force arm swings back and forth;

the torsional electromagnet assembly is characterized in that the force arm is in a shuttle shape, the middle part of the force arm is fixed with the rotating shaft, one end of the force arm is movably connected with the lug of the first group of electromagnets through a pin shaft, the other end of the force arm is movably connected with the lug of the second group of electromagnets through a pin shaft, the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets are arranged in parallel, the tail parts of the first group of electromagnets and the second group of electromagnets are respectively positioned with the shell through pin shafts, and the force arm rotates back and forth;

5. The transmission of claim 4, wherein: the swing type electromagnet combination or the torsion type electromagnet combination is formed by assembling an electromagnet and a permanent magnet alternately through a sliding column or a control frame, and a rubber pad and a pressure spring are assembled between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet;

the coils of the first group of electromagnets are connected in parallel or in series with the coils of the second group of electromagnets, two wiring terminals of the coils are divided into four wiring terminals which are respectively and electrically connected with four fixed contacts of two relays, the two relays alternately make and break current, the moving contacts of the two relays alternately make and break the current in opposite directions, and the coils of the two relays are electrically connected through a controller or are electrically connected through a ratchet wheel disc contact switch or are electrically connected through a reverse action button switch;

the electromagnet assembly is sealed by a cover cap to prevent water and dust.

6. The transmission of claim 1, wherein: the stroke gear locking device is characterized in that two long grooves and two short grooves are arranged on an input shaft in a circumferential alternating mode, a movable sleeve seat is provided with two inner racks and two long holes which are assembled on the input shaft, the two inner racks of the movable sleeve seat are assembled in the two long grooves of the input shaft, the two long holes are opposite to the two short grooves, one end of the movable sleeve seat is provided with an outer convex check ring, the other end of the movable sleeve seat is fixedly assembled with a check ring, the outer convex check ring and the check ring are respectively provided with two outer convex claws, the opposite parts of the outer convex check ring and the check ring are respectively provided with two lugs, the lugs are arranged at two ends of the long holes, the lugs are provided with pin shaft holes, each lug is assembled with a crank through a pin shaft and a torsion spring, a large sliding sleeve is assembled between the outer convex check ring and the check ring of the movable sleeve seat in a sliding fit mode through splines, the outer circle of the, the pull claws protrude towards the inner circle and are matched with the force arms of the crank throws, the force arms of every two corresponding crank throws are assembled between the corresponding two pull claws, the push claws are matched with the outer convex claws, every two corresponding push claws are assembled between the corresponding two outer convex claws, two sides of two end parts of a short groove of the input shaft are respectively provided with a concave notch, a pin shaft hole is arranged at the concave notch part and is used for assembling a buckle claw through a pin shaft and a torsion spring, a contact of the crank throws is matched with a convex head of the buckle claw, one side of the convex head at one end of the buckle claw is provided with an inclined plane, the other side of the inclined plane is provided with a vertical plane, the other end of the buckle claw is provided with a stroke convex head which is contacted with the bottom surface of the short groove of the input shaft, one end of the movable sleeve seat is;

or a round cavity assembly spring is arranged under the raised head at one end of the buckling claw, the spring is also assembled in the round cavity at the corresponding position of the input shaft, and the stroke raised head arranged at the other end of the buckling claw is contacted with the bottom surface of the short groove of the input shaft;

7. The transmission of claim 1, wherein: the large cylinder at one end of the disc seat is assembled with an outer sliding sleeve through a rubber block and an inner snap spring, an inner gear ring is arranged in the large cylinder, the right end of the large cylinder is provided with an inner blocking surface, a right end blocking surface and a right convex blocking block arranged on the circumference, each right convex blocking block protrudes towards the right end and is provided with a notch for assembling the inner snap spring, the left end of the outer sliding sleeve is provided with an outer blocking surface, the left end blocking surface and the circumference are provided with left convex blocking blocks, the right side of each left convex blocking block is provided with a notch for assembling the inner snap spring, the left convex blocking blocks and the right convex blocking blocks are assembled alternately, the right end surface of each right convex blocking block is in contact sliding fit with the left end blocking surface, a rubber block is assembled between each left convex blocking block and the right convex blocking block, the notches of the left convex blocking blocks and the notches of the right convex blocking blocks are assembled together with the inner snap spring, and the inner.

8. The transmission of claim 1, wherein: the electric appliance operating device and the driver operating device comprise a double-connecting-rod double-crank mechanism, the shifting ring is symmetrically provided with two shaft rods, each shaft rod is provided with a clamp spring groove, one end of each connecting rod is fixedly sleeved with a shaft sleeve, the shaft sleeves are sleeved on the shaft rods, the other end of each connecting rod is movably connected with one end of each crank through a pin shaft, the other end of each crank is fixed on a rotating shaft, the two connecting rods and the two cranks are arranged in parallel, the rotating shaft is used for fixing the two cranks to form a fork on two sides of an input shaft, the rotating shaft is assembled on one side of the input shaft in parallel with a vertical line of the input shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is assembled on a bearing seat of the shell through a sliding sleeve or a;

the electric appliance control device comprises a ratchet wheel disc contact switch, the ratchet wheel disc contact switch is provided with a pawl, a contact pressing sheet, an electromagnet pull claw, a conductive connecting device and a relay, two groups of ratchet wheel disc contact switches are associated to form electric connection with relay coils, the two groups of ratchet wheel disc contact switches are alternately and instantly electrified to the two relay coils, eight ratchets are arranged on the circumference of the excircle of the ratchet wheel disc, four contacts are arranged and fixed on the circumference of the plane of the ratchet wheel disc, the contacts of the contact pressing sheet are pressed on the distribution points of the four contacts at intervals when the ratchet wheel disc is in an off state, the ratchet wheel disc is made of insulating materials, the four conductive contacts are embedded on the ratchet wheel disc, the outer convex end of a cross metal sheet is arranged as a contact, a ring sheet is arranged in the middle of the cross metal sheet, a round hole in the middle of the ring, the outer end face of the annular conductive pressing sheet is contacted with the pressure spring;

or the pulling claw of the electromagnet pulling claw is assembled into an elastic pulling claw.

9. The transmission of claim 1, wherein: the left end of the input shaft of the bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch is provided with a small shaft diameter part which is matched with a first-gear sliding gear in a rotating mode, the right end of the first-gear sliding gear is provided with a first-gear clutch, a sliding sleeve is arranged between the first-gear clutch and a second-gear clutch, and the second-gear clutch is arranged at the left end of the second-gear sliding gear; the right end of a first-gear sliding gear is assembled and fixed with a driven rack, the driven rack is assembled with a plurality of driven plates through splines, two outer concave ring grooves are formed in the right side of a step with a small shaft diameter, two outer check rings are assembled with two outer check rings, a driving rack is assembled between the two outer check rings, an inner rack is assembled in a long groove of an input shaft on the driving rack, an outer convex check ring is arranged at the left end of the driving rack, a movable push plate is assembled at the right end of the driving rack through splines, a plurality of driving plates are assembled between the outer convex check rings and the movable push plate, the movable push plate is matched with a left push ring, and the left push ring is assembled at the left end of a; the sliding sleeve right-hand member is equipped with the right side and pushes away the circle, pushes away the circle and cooperates with the removal push pedal of second gear clutch on the right side, and the sliding sleeve is connected with stroke lock shelves device through the assembly round pin axle.

10. The transmission of claim 1, wherein: the left end of the input shaft of the bidirectional multi-plate friction clutch is provided with a small shaft diameter end which is matched with a first-gear sliding gear in a rotating mode, the right end of the first-gear sliding gear is provided with a first-gear clutch, a sliding sleeve is arranged between the first-gear clutch and a second-gear clutch, and the second-gear clutch is matched with the left end of the second-gear sliding gear; a driven rack is assembled and fixed on a first-gear sliding gear, a driven plate is assembled on the driven rack through a spline, a driving rack is assembled on the right side of a step with a small shaft diameter and provided with an outer concave ring groove and a retaining ring, an inner rack is assembled in a groove with the length of an input shaft on the driving rack, a driving plate is assembled on the driving rack through an outer spline, the driving plate and the driven plate are assembled alternately, a diaphragm spring is assembled on the driven rack, an outer concave groove-shaped sliding ring is assembled on a circular hole formed by a plurality of claw ends of the diaphragm spring, a wave plate spring ring is assembled in the outer concave ring groove of the outer concave groove-shaped sliding ring and is in adaptive contact positioning with the claw ends of the diaphragm spring, the right end surface of the outer concave groove-shaped sliding ring is adaptive to a left pushing ring, and the left; the right push ring is assembled at the right end of the sliding sleeve, and the first-gear clutch and the second-gear clutch are assembled in opposite directions and have the same structure;

or a separated wave plate spring coil is assembled between each driving plate, and a separated wave plate spring coil is assembled between each driven plate.