CN109681595A

CN109681595A - Speed changer

Info

Publication number: CN109681595A
Application number: CN201910051289.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向永川
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-01-15
Filing date: 2019-01-15
Publication date: 2019-04-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of speed changers, including steerable system, transmission switching system, gear train assembly.It is characterized in that: transmission switching system is stroke gear-locking device and the cooperation of two-way multi-plate friction clutch realizes that shift or counteragent device and the cooperation of Bidirectional end face tooth-like clutch realize shift；Stroke gear-locking device is that sleeve base is assemblied on input shaft, the evagination retaining ring and retaining ring of sleeve base are respectively provided with lug assembly crank throw, sleeve base assembles big sliding sleeve, big sliding sleeve assembles dialing ring, and big sliding sleeve is equipped with pulling claw and the arm of force of crank throw cooperates, and big sliding sleeve is equipped with to pawl to be cooperated with outer dog, the short groove both ends of input shaft snap finger is assembled by pin shaft and spring, crank throw and snap finger cooperate, and sleeve base assembly guide rod is connect with clutch, and dialing ring is connect with steerable system.Speed changer of the present invention, which is applied to electric vehicle, can enhance climbing capacity and increase course continuation mileage.

Description

Speed changer

Technical field

The present invention relates to the changes of the drive axle differential speed motor of speed changer more particularly to electric vehicle in drive system of electric motor vehicle Shelves speed change gear, belongs to technical field of mechanical transmission.

Background technique

The existing manual shift of electric motor car driving bridge differential speed motor is cumbersome, influences traffic safety；Motor control type is automatic Shift needs the time long, and the power of vehicle discoheres, and the security reliability of driving is poor.

In prior art, Chinese invention patent application (application number: 201710885468.7) discloses a kind of automatic transmission change Fast device, transmission switching system are that friction clutch and end-tooth clutch engagement realize shift or counteragent device and steel ball Clutch or end-tooth clutch engagement realize shift；Its end face tooth-like clutch is also equipped with synchronizing device.Conical clutch with The cooperation of jaw clutch includes disk seat, outer combination and interior combination, and logical return spring of outer combination and positive action fill It sets and is assemblied on disk seat, disk seat includes ring gear, inner sliding sleeve, and outer combination includes outer sliding sleeve, inner conical surface body, dental inlay gear ring, bullet Property dental inlay gear ring is assemblied on ring support, and interior combination includes internal spline sliding sleeve, male cone (strobilus masculinus) body；Interior combination axial sliding fit dress Fit on input shaft: output shaft is fixed by bearing assembly disk seat, planet carrier with output shaft, and centre wheel is assemblied on input shaft. The torque that its conical clutch is transmitted when speed is low is small, is not suitable for heavy-duty motor assembly and uses.

The start-stop and reversing arrangement of existing CA6140 type Lathe Spindle Box use machine two-way multi-plate friction clutch, it It is made of the identical left and right two parts of structure, left clutch transmission main shaft rotates forward, the reversion of right clutch transmission main shaft；The clutch Device is formed by several variform inside and outside friction plates are overlapping, is generated between the contact surface when mutually compressing using friction plate Frictional force passing movement and torque；Inner attrition piece with splined hole is connected with the spline on axis, and the inner hole of outside friction disc is Smooth circular hole, empty set is in the spline outer circle of axis, and there are four double wedges in the friction plate outer circle, is stuck in free gear right end sleeve part In the notch divided, inside and outside friction plate is spaced, when not being compacted, their compartments, and main shaft stalling；When manipulation fills It sets when slip ring moves right, the swing rod on bar (in the hole of splined shaft) is around branch spot wobble, and lower end is with regard to poke rod to moving to left It is dynamic；There is a fixed pin in bar left end, so that bung flange and pressure cuffs is compressed one group of friction plate on the left side to the left, passes through the friction between friction plate Torque is transmitted to free gear by axis, rotates forward main shaft by power；Similarly, when slip ring is moved to the left by manipulation device, the right is compressed One group of friction plate, invert main shaft.When slip ring is at middle position, left and right two groups of friction plates are at relaxation state, axis Movement cannot be transmitted to gear, and main shaft stops operating.It uses bar, swing rod, slip ring cooperation to realize stroke backset, stroke distances Small, the sliding friction structural-load-carrying capacity of swing rod is small, and the poor reliability of backset performance, is not suitable for the work of state of motion of vehicle Condition.

The above prior art not can solve when practical entrucking is applied electric vehicle drive hub and drive axle it is poor The comfortable reliable practical problem of speed motor driving, this speed changer are exactly to be resolved problem above.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to: current variator technology is solved in the application of drive hub and drive axle differential speed motor There are problems that prestowage power is small, performance is unstable, poor reliability.The present invention provides a kind of applied to drive hub and drive axle Differential speed motor keeps the stable and reliable for performance of its vehicle shift speed change, mechanical efficiency high and shift is smoothly driven a vehicle comfortable speed changer, The speed changer includes the speed changer of pilot control shift and the speed changer of automatic gear-shifting.

Above-mentioned purpose of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of speed changer, including steerable system, transmission switching system, gear train assembly；The steerable system includes driving The person's of sailing manipulation device or counteragent manipulation device or electric appliance manipulation device, the gear train assembly are that twin shaft intermediate gear passes Dynamic or cyclic train gear drive；The transmission switching system is by stroke gear-locking device and two-way multi-plate friction clutch Cooperation realizes shift or realizes shift by counteragent device and the cooperation of Bidirectional end face tooth-like clutch.

The stroke gear-locking device is that long recess and short groove are equipped on input shaft, and movable sheath seat is equipped with inner rack and length Shape hole is assemblied on input shaft, and the inner rack of movable sheath seat is assemblied in the long recess of input shaft, the short groove of elongated hole face, is moved Dynamic block set one end is equipped with evagination retaining ring, and a retaining ring is fixed in the assembly of the movable sheath seat other end, and evagination retaining ring and retaining ring are respectively provided with outer Dog, opposite position are respectively provided with lug, and the both ends of elongated hole are arranged in lug, each lug be equipped with pin shaft hole by pin shaft and Spring assembles a crank throw, assembles big sliding sleeve by spline between the evagination retaining ring and retaining ring of movable sheath seat, big sliding sleeve outside Circle is rotatably assorted equipped with external fovea ring groove and assembles dialing ring, and two ends of big sliding sleeve are respectively provided with pulling claw, the interior dog of pulling claw and the power of crank throw Arm cooperation, the outer end face of pulling claw and outer dog cooperate, and the two sides of the two-end part of the short groove of input shaft are respectively provided with concave surface notch, Concave surface gap portions are equipped with pin shaft hole and assemble snap finger by pin shaft and spring, and the contact of crank throw and the plush copper of snap finger cooperate, snap finger The plush copper side of one end is equipped with the inclined-plane other side and is equipped with vertical plane, and vertical plane is adapted to the short side face of elongated hole, the snap finger other end Positioning is contacted with the short groove floor of input shaft equipped with stroke plush copper, one end of movable sheath seat is equipped with through-hole assembly pin shaft or guide rod It is connect with two-way multi-plate friction clutch, the dialing ring that big sliding sleeve and pilot control device or electric appliance manipulation device assemble connects It connects.

The large cylinder of the Bidirectional end face tooth-like clutch, disk seat one end assembles outer sliding sleeve by rubber block and internal jump ring, outside Inner sliding sleeve, inner sliding sleeve fixed double-sided dental inlay gear ring, the fixed circle of the inner headed face of two-sided dental inlay gear ring are assembled in sliding sleeve axial sliding fit Ring plate, circular ring plate, which is rotatably assorted, to be assemblied between the evagination retaining ring of sliding sleeve and retaining ring, and sliding sleeve is equipped with interior convex tooth strips and is assemblied in input In the long recess of axis, convex rack gear position one end of sliding sleeve is equipped with notch or through-hole assembly guide rod is connect with counteragent device； Or evagination retaining ring is equipped in the middle part of sliding sleeve, circular ring plate, evagination gear are assembled between the left side and annulus locking plate, retaining ring of evagination retaining ring Shift fork is assembled between the right side and annulus locking plate, retaining ring of circle, shift fork is connect with steerable system；One end face of two-sided dental inlay gear ring With the engagement of the dental inlay gear ring of the first clutch that is assemblied on casing adaptation or separate, other end and be assemblied on input shaft The dental inlay gear ring adaptation engagement of two grades of clutches or separation, two dental inlay gear rings are respectively fitted with synchronous circle；One of synchronous circle End face circumferential arrangement is equipped with multiple synchro-meshing teeth, and each synchro-meshing tooth is set there are two concave curved surface.

The electric appliance manipulation device includes that counteragent button switch, countershaft and input shaft are sequentially connected by shaft coupling, Centrifugal mechanism includes reversing device in integral type, and countershaft assembles reversing device in integral type, passes through guide rod and movement from moving frame The ring gear of set assembles, and the inner rack of ring gear is adapted to two latent grooves of countershaft, and the ring gear of movable sleeving passes through outer flange collar The inner ring held with outer circlip assembled shaft, the outer prong circle of movable sleeving assemble the outer ring of bearing, outer fork by interior flange collar and internal jump ring Mouth circle is equipped with the bulb or cylindrical body of prong assembly pivoted arm lower end, passes through pin shaft and control switch machine capsule in the middle part of pivoted arm, turns Arm upper end is equipped with the lower end of cylinder assembly fixed spring, and the cylindrical portion of the fixed flyball lower end of spring upper end is round-trip in flyball A normally opened button switch is respectively arranged in the right and left of swing, and one of button switch is electrically connected with one grade of relay coil It connects, another button switch is electrically connected with two grades of relay coils, and outer prong circle is equipped with the sliding bar that sliding slot and casing are fixed Cooperation, the axial line of slide bar and the axis parallel of countershaft prevent outer prong circle from rotating in company with countershaft.The shaft coupling is by left convex Circle spline housing, right flange collar spline housing, arc shaped slider, garter spring assemble, the centre of left flange collar spline housing and right flange collar spline housing Outer circle assembles two semicircle arc shaped sliders, covers upper garter spring in the outer circle of two arc shaped sliders.

Or guide rod is assembled with movable sleeving by outer circlip, and the inner rack of movable sleeving is assemblied in the groove of countershaft, mobile The right end of set is equipped with outer flange collar, and left end is equipped with step and outer jump-ring slot and assembles left ring by outer circlip, in outer flange collar and Zuo Huan Circle is touched by spline assembly between circle, touch circle right end be equipped with a right convex body and the multiple right recessed circle chambers of circumferential arrangement with outside Flange collar assembles small pressure spring, and it is small equipped with a left convex body and the assembly of the multiple left recessed circle chambers of circumferential arrangement and left ring to touch circle left end Pressure spring, right recessed circle chamber distribute alternately with left recessed circle chamber circumferential arrangement, and the protrusion end face of right convex body and left convex body is circular arc A normally opened rubber bar button switch is respectively arranged touching circle both ends in shape, one of rubber bar button switch and one grade after Electric apparatus coil electrical connection, another rubber bar button switch are electrically connected with two grades of relay coils.

It is enclosed about synchronous, the title of Chinese utility model patent application number 201820440423.9: speed changer, wherein described The synchronous circle of gear internal-expansion type just with present patent application it is described it is synchronous enclose similar, balladeur train is fixed with gear ring is engaged, and is nibbled It closes gear ring and is equipped with interior concave ring groove, synchronous circle is equipped with multiple long arc shape mouths or barb is open, an end face circumferential arrangement of synchronous circle Equipped with multiple synchro-meshing teeth, each synchro-meshing tooth is set there are two small inclined-plane or arcwall face, and long arc shape mouth assembles arcuate friction Block, the periphery of arcuate friction block are adapted to the interior concave ring groove for engaging gear ring, and the inner headed face of arcuate friction block is equipped with groove, groove Assemble internal jump ring；Or barb opening assembly arcuate friction block, one end face contact of barb and arcuate friction block.

About counteragent device, (application number: also have in 2012101255418) in disclosed Chinese invention patent application Specific to introduce, counteragent device is that two inner sliding sleeves of active frame are respectively assembled at cunning outside two of control cage in sliding shaft It is actively rack-mounted to fit over from the outside of moving frame on axis, two interior slide-bars of control cage are respectively assembled at from two outer sliding sleeves of moving frame On, outer slide-bar or interior slide-bar are respectively fixed with two block faces, and each block face can connect with from the axial end face of moving frame or active frame Touching positioning, one end of spring and the spring abutment of active frame assemble, and the other end is assembled with from the second spring abutment of moving frame, control cage, active Frame is axially and symmetrically disposed from moving frame, spring, and the shift motion of active frame is bigger than the shift motion from moving frame.

About reversing device in integral type, in the Chinese utility model patent application of my previous application having disclosed (application number: having specific introduction in 2015203679851), wherein the gear axis be axially successively equipped with manipulation device, Counteragent device, transmission switching device, manipulation device is steel ball incline device, and steel ball incline device is steel-ball groove and steel ball pawl Cooperation；The steel ball and steel ball pawl work face contact of steel-ball groove dress.Reversing device in integral type, control cage is by left clamp and right clamping plate It is formed by slide-bar fixation in multiple slide-bars and at least two, the fixed circle of left clamp angle head cylindrical, circle outer circle circle distribution Fixed multiple spring abutment pawls and multiple steel ball cylinders or steel-ball groove, the spring abutment pawl corresponding position of circle are equipped with notch, and notch and spring abutment are sliding Pawl adaptation, the small circle outer circle circle distribution of steel ball crowfoot are equipped with the sliding pawl of multiple spring abutments and multiple coattail boards, the fixed steel of coattail board Ball pawl, small circle inner circle are fixed with active frame, and spring abutment pawl is fixed with slide-bar left end, slide-bar right end and right Boards wall, and spring abutment is sliding Pawl is cased with recoil press spring equipped with through-hole sliding fiting sleeve on slide-bar, on slide-bar and is compressed between the sliding pawl of spring abutment and right clamping plate, main Moving frame is symmetrically set there are four spring abutment, is symmetrically set from moving frame there are four spring abutment, two slide openings and a sliding sleeve, sliding sleeve through-hole with The crank throw of guide rod assembles, and the spring abutment of active frame and the corresponding assembly spring of spring abutment from moving frame are assemblied in from moving frame by slide opening On interior slide-bar, active frame is positioned from the reciprocating movement stroke of moving frame by control cage, and the stroke of stroke ratio from the moving frame of active frame is big And the midpoint of its stroke is on the same face.

The cyclic train gear drive, for output shaft by bearing assembly disk seat, the large cylinder assembly of disk seat one end is outer sliding Inner sliding sleeve is assembled in set, the fixed ring gear of large cylinder, outer sliding sleeve axial sliding fit, and inner sliding sleeve fixed double-sided dental inlay gear ring is two-sided The first clutch dental inlay gear ring engagement fixed with casing of one end face of dental inlay gear ring separates, and other end is fixed with input shaft The engagement of two grades of clutch dental inlay gear rings or separation, two-sided dental inlay gear ring clamping rings piece are rotatably assorted the cunning being assemblied on input shaft It puts on, planet carrier is fixed with output shaft, and the fixed planet wheel spindle of planet carrier assembles planetary gear, while planetary gear is engaged with ring gear It is engaged with centre wheel, centre wheel is fixed on input shaft, and one end of input shaft and one end assembly of output shaft are rotatably assorted, and is inputted For the axial line of axis and output shaft on same straight line, input shaft and output shaft pass through two ends that bearing is assemblied in casing respectively It covers.Sliding sleeve is connect with steerable system, input shaft be connected by power, output shaft output power.Or planet wheel spindle assembles big row Star-wheel and asteroid wheel, major planet wheel and asteroid wheel overlapping are fixed, and asteroid wheel is engaged with ring gear, major planet wheel and center Wheel engagement.

The twin shaft intermediate gear is driven, and stroke gear-locking device, two-way multi-plate friction clutch are assembled on input shaft, defeated Enter the one grade of balladeur train assembled on axis and two grades of balladeur trains respectively with assembled on driven shaft fixed first speed driven gear and Two grades of driven gear engagements；Two-way multi-plate friction clutch is connect with stroke gear-locking device, stroke gear-locking device and driver Manipulation device or the connection of electric appliance manipulation device, driven shaft assemble fixed chain wheels or pinion gear output power, and input shaft and power pass Dynamic connection.

The electric appliance manipulation device includes controller electromagnet snap-action mechanism, and the controller electromagnet snap-action mechanism is pendulum The combination of dynamic formula electromagnet or the combination of torsional mode electromagnet.

The swing-type electric magnet combination, the arm of force is swing arm shape, and one end and the shaft of the arm of force are fixed, and the other end of the arm of force is logical Cross the lug of pin shaft and first group of electromagnet and the lug active link of second group of electromagnet, first group of electromagnet and second group of electricity Magnet arranges that the tail portion of first group of electromagnet and second group of electromagnet respectively passes through pin shaft and casing positions, and the arm of force is put back and forth in opposite directions It is dynamic.

The torsional mode electromagnet combination, the arm of force is shuttle shape, and middle part and the shaft of the arm of force are fixed, and one end of the arm of force passes through pin Axis is flexibly connected with the lug of first group of electromagnet, and the other end of the arm of force passes through the lug activity chain of pin shaft and second group of electromagnet It connects, first group of electromagnet and second group of electromagnet are arranged in parallel, and the tail portion of first group of electromagnet and second group of electromagnet respectively passes through Pin shaft and casing position, and the arm of force rotates back and forth.

Second group of electromagnet repels each other while first group of electromagnet is attracting, second group of electricity while first group of electromagnet repels each other Magnet is attracting, and the magnetic of the permanent magnet at two end of electromagnet is far from it.

The swing-type electric magnet combination or the combination of torsional mode electromagnet are that electromagnet and permanent magnet pass through traveller or control The alternate assembly of frame, magnet spool, which is powered, generates the effect being attracted or repelled with permanent magnet, fills between electromagnet and permanent magnet Equipped with rubber pad and pressure spring.

In parallel or series, two terminals of coil are divided into for first group of magnet spool and second group of magnet spool Four terminals are electrically connected with four stationary contacts of two relays respectively, and two relays replace electric current of make-and-break, two relays The movable contact of device replaces the contrary of electric current of make-and-break, and the coil of two relays is electrically connected by controller or passes through the ratchet cover plate Contact switch electrical connection or the electrical connection of counteragent button switch；Or ratchet cover plate contact switch or counteragent button switch are also It is electrically connected with the coil of motor and normally closed (dynamic circuit breaker) relay of power electric connection；Or ratchet cover plate contact switch or counteragent Button switch is electrically connected with the coil of normally closed (dynamic circuit breaker) relay of motor, the touching of normally opened (dynamic circuit connector) of normally closed (dynamic circuit breaker) relay Point is electrically connected with the coil of two relays, and two relays are electrically connected with magnet spool；Electromagnet combination passes through the cover Encapsulate water proof and dust proof.

The stroke gear-locking device is that two long recess and two short groove circumference arrangement are equipped on input shaft, is moved Dynamic block set is equipped with two inner racks and two elongated holes are assemblied on input shaft, and two inner racks of movable sheath seat are assemblied in input In two long recess of axis, two elongated hole faces, two short grooves, movable sheath seat one end is equipped with evagination retaining ring, other end assembly A retaining ring is fixed, evagination retaining ring and retaining ring are respectively provided with two outer dogs, opposite position is respectively provided with two lugs, and lug setting exists The both ends of elongated hole, lug are equipped with pin shaft hole, each lug assembles a crank throw by pin shaft and torsional spring, in movable sheath seat Big sliding sleeve is assembled by spline slide cooperation between evagination retaining ring and retaining ring, the outer circle of big sliding sleeve is equipped with external fovea ring groove assembly and dials Circle, two ends of big sliding sleeve are respectively provided with two pulling claws and two are pawled, and circumferential arrangement is pawled setting alternate with pulling claw, and pulling claw is to inner circle Protrusion cooperates with the arm of force of crank throw, and the arm of force of the corresponding crank throw of every two is assemblied between corresponding two pulling claws, pawl with outside Dog cooperation, every two is pawled accordingly to be assemblied between corresponding two outer dogs, the two-end part of the short groove of input shaft Two sides be respectively provided with concave surface notch, concave surface gap portions are equipped with pin shaft hole and assemble snap finger, the contact of crank throw by pin shaft and torsional spring Cooperate with the plush copper of snap finger, the plush copper side of snap finger one end is equipped with the inclined-plane other side and is equipped with vertical plane, and the snap finger other end is equipped with row Journey plush copper is contacted with the short groove floor of input shaft, and one end of movable sheath seat is equipped with through-hole assembly pin shaft or guide rod and two-way multi-disc The connection of formula friction clutch, dialing ring are connect with pilot control device or electric appliance manipulation device.

It can also be that circular cavity assembly spring is arranged below in the plush copper of snap finger one end, spring is also assemblied in input shaft simultaneously In the circular cavity of corresponding position, the snap finger other end is equipped with stroke plush copper and contacts positioning with the short groove floor of input shaft；Or Put on the pin shaft that snap finger and input shaft are connected by pin shaft torsional spring make snap finger elasticity assemble, pin shaft clamped by outer shaft fit over it is defeated Enter on axis.

Or shift fork replaces dialing ring, assembly heading positioning device on the fixed sliding sleeve of the manipulation slide-bar and casing of shift fork, The external fovea ring groove clearance fit of shift fork and big sliding sleeve when shift fork stopping acts.

When steerable system keeps big sliding sleeve mobile, the pulling claw of big sliding sleeve one end pulls crank throw, and crank throw contact pushes snap finger, snap finger Swing the elongated mouth for disengaging movable sheath seat, and then the big sliding sleeve other end pawls and outer dog contact and forces movable sheath seat As big sliding sleeve moves together, movable sheath seat will be realized first to unlock and be moved afterwards, realize the gear unlock and separation of clutch.

Snap finger is forced to act by the inclined-plane of snap finger plush copper when movable sheath seat is mobile, when snap finger plush copper enters movable sheath seat Elongated hole when snap finger movable sheath seat locked by the vertical plane that spring acts through plush copper automatically, realize the gear lock of clutch It is fixed.Thus big sliding sleeve moves back and forth the shift speed change that will realize speed changer.

The large cylinder of disk seat one end assembles outer sliding sleeve by rubber block and internal jump ring, and large cylinder inner circle is equipped with internal tooth Circle, large cylinder right end are equipped with internal retaining surface, right end block face, circumferential arrangement and are equipped with right convex block, and each convex block in the right side is protruded to right end And it is equipped with the notch of assembly internal jump ring, outer sliding sleeve left end is equipped with outer block face, left end block face, circumferential arrangement and is equipped with left convex block, often Notch equipped with an assembly internal jump ring on the right of a convex block in a left side, the assembly alternate with the convex block in the right side of the convex block in a left side, right convex block Right side and left end block face contact slide cooperate, and assemble a rubber block, left convex gear between each convex block in a left side and right convex block The notch of the notch of block and right convex block assembles an internal jump ring jointly, and the right end inner headed face circumferential arrangement of outer sliding sleeve is equipped with sliding slot Or slip teeth is adapted to axial sliding fit with inner sliding sleeve.

The electric appliance manipulation device and pilot control device include the double reciprocating mechanisms of double link, and dialing ring is symmetrically equipped with two A shaft, shaft are equipped with jump-ring slot, and one end fixed hub of connecting rod, axle sleeve covers on shaft, the other end of connecting rod and crank throw One end is flexibly connected by pin shaft, and the other end of crank throw is fixed in shaft, two connecting rods and two crank throw parallel arrangements, shaft It fixes two crank throws and forms a prongs fork in two sides of input shaft, the vertical lines run parallel of shaft and input shaft is assemblied in input shaft One side, through sliding sleeve or bearing on the bearing block of casing, the other end of shaft passes through the bearing of casing for one end of shaft Bearing and oil sealing protrusion shell body and arm of force assembly in bore are fixed.

The electric appliance manipulation device includes ratchet cover plate contact switch, ratchet cover plate contact switch equipped with pawl, contact tabletting, Electromagnet pulling claw, conductive connecting device, relay, are associated with to be formed and are electrically connected with relay coil by two groups of ratchet cover plate contact switch It connects, two groups of ratchet cover plate contact switch associations are being powered to two relay coils for alternative expression moment, ratchet cover plate outer circle circumferential row Column are equipped with eight ratchets, and the arrangement of ratchet cover plate planar circumferential is fixed there are four contact, and the contact of contact tabletting is pressed in four contact rotations Turn on the circle formed, the contact of contact tabletting is pressed in using four contacts as in the distributed point of eight points of circumferential arrangement, ratchet The contact of contact tabletting is pressed in four alternate distributed points in contact when disk resting state；The ratchet cover plate is to inlay four on insulating materials A conductive contact, the male end of cross sheet metal are set as contact, and centre is equipped with circular ring plate, and the circular hole gap among circular ring plate is matched On axis, circular ring plate contacts trap with annulus conductive wafer, and annulus conductive wafer is equipped with convex sheet and is electrically connected with conducting wire, and annulus is led Voltage piece outer end face is contacted with pressure spring.The pulling claw of the electromagnet pulling claw can also assemble as elastic pulling claw.

The two-way multi-plate friction clutch, input shaft left end are rotatably assorted one grade of assembly equipped with small axle diameter position and slide Gear, one grade of balladeur train right end assemble first clutch, are equipped with sliding sleeve between first clutch and two grades of clutches, and two grades Clutch device fits over the left end of two grades of balladeur trains；One grade of fixed driven horse of balladeur train right end assembly, driven horse pass through Spline assembles multiple driven discs, and large-diameter position is equipped with two external fovea ring grooves and assembles two outer retaining rings on the right of the step of small axle diameter, Rotating plate is rack-mounted to be fitted between two outer retaining rings, and rotating plate is provided with inner rack and is assemblied in the long recess of input shaft, rotating plate Frame left end is equipped with evagination retaining ring, and active horse right end is equipped with mobile push plate by spline, evagination retaining ring with move push plate it Between be equipped with multiple rotating plates, mobile push plate and a left side push away circle cooperation, and a left side pushes away circle, and by screw and locking plate washer to be assemblied in sliding sleeve left End；Sliding sleeve right end is equipped with the right side and pushes away circle, and the mobile push plate that the right side pushes away circle and two grades of clutches cooperates, and sliding sleeve passes through assembly pin shaft and row The connection of journey gear-locking device.

Two-way multi-plate friction clutch may also is that input shaft left end is rotatably assorted equipped with small axle diameter end and assemble one grade of cunning Moving gear, one grade of balladeur train right end assemble first clutch, are equipped with sliding sleeve between first clutch and two grades of clutches, and two Shelves clutch device fits over the left end of two grades of balladeur trains；One grade of fixed driven horse of balladeur train assembly, driven horse pass through flower Key assembles driven disc, and large-diameter position is equipped with external fovea ring groove on the right of the step of small axle diameter and retaining ring assembles active horse, rotating plate It is provided with inner rack to be assemblied in input shaft long recess, active horse assembles rotating plate, rotating plate and driven disc by external splines Alternate assembly, diaphragm spring are assemblied in from moving frame, and the circular hole that multiple pawl ends of diaphragm spring are formed assembles external groove shape slipping ring, Wave plate spring ring is assembled in the external fovea ring groove of external groove shape slipping ring and contacts positioning with the pawl end of diaphragm spring adaptation, and external groove shape is sliding Circle right side pushes away circle with a left side and is adapted to, and a left side pushes away the left end that circle is assemblied in sliding sleeve by screw and locking plate washer；The right side pushes away circle and is assemblied in cunning The right end of set, first clutch is identical with the structure of two grades of clutches and assembles in opposite directions.Separation is equipped between each rotating plate Wave plate spring coil, the wave plate spring coil of separation is equipped between each driven disc.

The dental inlay gear ring is equipped with synchronous circle, and the synchronous circle is the synchronous circle of internal-expansion type, one end face circumference of dental inlay gear ring The fixed multiple dental inlay teeth of arrangement, the inner headed face of dental inlay gear ring are equipped with interior concave ring groove, and the inner headed face assembly of dental inlay gear ring synchronizes circle, together Step circle is equipped with multiple long arc shape mouths, and an end face circumferential arrangement of synchronous circle is equipped with multiple synchro-meshing teeth, each synchro-meshing Tooth is set there are two small inclined-plane or concave curved surface, and long arc shape mouth assembles arcuate friction block, the periphery and dental inlay of arcuate friction block The interior concave ring groove of gear ring is adapted to, and the inner headed face of arcuate friction block is equipped with groove, and groove assembles internal jump ring.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the automatic gear gearbox of the present invention is:

1. speed changer uses controller electromagnet snap-action device and stroke gear-locking device, gearshift procedure moment is complete At, ensure that power transmitting continuity and reliability.

It is effectively buffered when 2. obtaining and being engaged into shelves using two-way multi-plate friction clutch, vehicle when ensure that shift The comfort of traveling impacts transmission when shift speed change and is effectively buffered, driver is facilitated to operate.

3. the cyclic train gear drive of speed changer, in the operating condition of high-speed cruising, gear drive is in and operates synchronously To highest mechanical efficiency, this technology is applied to two grades of differential speed motors and hub motor is assemblied in existing electric vehicle, makes electric vehicle Climbing capacity enhancing and increase course continuation mileage, also help economize on electricity, extend motor and battery service life.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of two grades of rotating gear train speed changing devices of first embodiment of speed changer of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the large cylinder part of Fig. 1 mid-game seat and the right view parts thereof decomposition diagram of outer sliding sleeve elasticity assembly；

Fig. 3 is the left view schematic diagram of parts thereof in Fig. 2；

Fig. 4 is the parts thereof decomposition diagram of the synchronous circle of dental inlay gear ring assembly in Fig. 1；

Fig. 5 be in Fig. 4 A to the enlarged drawing of part；

Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment twin shaft two speed gear of speed changer of the present invention；

Fig. 7 is the parts thereof cross-sectional view of the stroke gear-locking device in Fig. 6；

Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of Fig. 7 guide ring；

Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of movable sheath seat in Fig. 7；

Figure 10 is the parts thereof decomposition diagram of stroke gear-locking device；

Figure 11 is the parts thereof schematic diagram in the double reciprocating mechanisms of double link；

Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of another structure of first clutch；

Figure 13 is another structural schematic diagram of stroke gear-locking device Yu two-way multi-plate friction clutch；

Figure 14 is the swing-type electric magnet combination diagram in controller electromagnet snap-action mechanism；

Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of another work condition state in Figure 14；

Figure 16 is the torsional mode electromagnet combination diagram in controller electromagnet snap-action mechanism；

Figure 17 is that the power switch of two groups of electromagnet coils in controller electromagnet snap-action mechanism connects electrical schematic；

Figure 18 is the schematic diagram of first group of ratchet cover plate contact switch；

Figure 19 is the schematic diagram of Figure 18 another kind operating condition；

Figure 20 is the schematic diagram in Figure 19 after pulling claw return；

Figure 21 is the schematic diagram of second group of ratchet cover plate contact switch of synchronous rotation associated with Figure 20；

Figure 22 is the schematic diagram of Figure 21 another kind operating condition；

Figure 23 is the schematic diagram in Figure 22 after pulling claw return；

Figure 24 is the principle schematic diagram of counteragent button switch；

Figure 25 is the principle schematic diagram of Figure 24 another kind operating condition；

Figure 26 is the parts thereof schematic diagram of another structure of counteragent button switch.

Specific embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, Fig. 1 is two grades of cyclic trains of first embodiment of speed changer of the present invention The structural schematic diagram of speed changer belongs to automatic gear-shifting speed change, and two kilowatts of motor assembly below is suitble to use.

Two grades of rotating gear train speed changing devices are cyclic train gear drive, including casing 4, Bidirectional end face tooth-like clutch 5, internal tooth 315, planetary gear 82, centre wheel 69, planet carrier 62, input shaft 1, output shaft 6 are enclosed, casing 4 includes cylinder cover, left end cap, right end Lid, 62 right end circumferential arrangement of planet carrier fix three planet wheel spindles, and planet carrier centre and the assembly of 6 right end outer circle of output shaft are solid Fixed, output shaft right end is equipped with bearing block, and the left end of input shaft is rotatably assorted with output shaft by the assembly of bearing 66；The right side of output shaft End is equipped with evagination step, and evagination step contacts positioning with circle right side in bearing 67, circle left side and retaining ring 64 in bearing Contact positioning, the outer circle of bearing are assemblied in inside the bearing block in the big disk centre of disk seat 65, bearing block inner circle right end Equipped with interior flange collar, bearing block left end is equipped with inner circle concave ring groove and assembles internal jump ring 651, and disk seat 65 passes through bearing 67 and 6 turns of output shaft Dynamic cooperation；Output shaft 6 is loaded onto retaining ring 64 and is assemblied on the bearing block in left end cap centre of casing by bearing 63.

1 circumferential arrangement of input shaft is set there are four long recess, and input shaft is respectively fitted with outer circlip 68, centre wheel from left to right 69, left retaining ring 81, disc seat 80, retaining ring 79, sliding sleeve 75, guide rod, retaining ring 73, counteragent device 3, centrifugal mechanism 2, retaining ring, Tower spring abutment 56, right retaining ring 58,71 left end of control cage of counteragent device 3 contact positioning with retaining ring 73,71 right end of control cage with The contact positioning of steel ball truss 59, centrifugal mechanism 2 are made of inclined-plane crowfoot 54, steel ball truss 59, steel ball 55 and tower spring 15, tower spring 15 Roundlet end cap in the outer circle of tower spring abutment 56, the right end contact of the big nose circle of tower spring 15 and inclined-plane crowfoot 54, beveled claw The cylinder of frame 54 is connect by connection sheet 53 with the active frame 52 of counteragent device, the steel ball and beveled claw filled on steel ball truss The beveled claw work face contact of frame.Input shaft right end is connect by spline with motor drive, and output shaft left end assembling gear 61 is defeated Power out.

In order to mitigate the impact of transmission, the large cylinder of disk seat right end assembles outer sliding sleeve 43, disk by rubber block and internal jump ring The large cylinder 31 of 65 right ends of seat is equipped with internal retaining surface 316, right end block face 317, circumferential arrangement and is equipped with right convex block 312, and each right side is convex Block protrudes and is equipped with the notch 311 of assembly internal jump ring to right end, and the large cylinder inner circle of disk seat is equipped with ring gear 315, outer sliding sleeve Left end is equipped with outer block face 435, left end block face 434, circumferential arrangement and is equipped with left convex block 432, is equipped with one on the right of each convex block in a left side The notch 433 of a assembly internal jump ring, the assembly alternate with right convex block 312 of left convex block 432, the right side of right convex block 312 and The cooperation of 434 contact slide of left end block face assembles a rubber block 32 between each convex block in a left side and right convex block, left convex block The notch of notch and right convex block assembles an internal jump ring 33 jointly, and 43 right end inner headed face circumferential arrangement of outer sliding sleeve is equipped with sliding slot 431.The inner circle axial sliding fit assembly inner sliding sleeve 38 of outer sliding sleeve 43, the inner circle fixed double-sided dental inlay gear ring 41 of inner sliding sleeve 38, The inner headed face clamping rings piece 77 of two-sided dental inlay gear ring, circular ring plate sliding fiting sleeve is on the periphery of sliding sleeve 75, in sliding sleeve 75 Disc is set to be assemblied in four long recess of input shaft there are four interior convex tooth strips, and wherein two deep groove assembles 95 He of guide rod respectively Guide rod 96, two convex rack gear position right ends of sliding sleeve are equipped with notch, and two notches respectively assemble the crank throw of guide rod left end, on sliding sleeve It is equipped with the wear-resisting annulus pad 78 of annulus, two annulus pads are assemblied in two end faces at 77 sets of holes position of circular ring plate, sliding sleeve right end Outer circlip 76 is assembled equipped with outer jump-ring slot, sliding sleeve outer circle is successively evagination step, annulus pad 78, circular ring plate 77, circle from left to right The notch of ring pads, roller lock pad, outer circlip 76, roller lock pad and sliding sleeve and the cooperation positioning of outer circlip, guide rod 95 and guide rod 96 Right end crank throw is connect with the slave moving frame 72 of counteragent device 3.

The right side of two-sided dental inlay gear ring 41 is engaged or is separated with one grade of dental inlay gear ring 45 adaptation being assemblied on casing 4, Left side is engaged or is separated with two grades of dental inlay gear rings 37 adaptation being assemblied on input shaft 1, and one grade of dental inlay gear ring passes through internal jump ring 47 circles 44 synchronous with the assembly of arc shaped slider 46, two grades of dental inlay gear rings 37 pass through the circle synchronous with the assembly of arc shaped slider 35 of internal jump ring 34 36；The left side circumferential arrangement of one grade of dental inlay gear ring 45 is equipped with 36 dental inlay teeth 453, and inner headed face is equipped with interior concave ring groove 451, Synchronous circle 44 is set there are four long arc shape mouth 445, and synchronous circle left side circumferential arrangement is equipped with 36 synchro-meshing teeth, each Synchro-meshing tooth 446 is set there are two concave arc surface 449, each long arc shape mouth assembles an arcuate friction block 46, arcuate friction The periphery of block is adapted to the interior concave ring groove 451 of one grade of dental inlay gear ring, and the inner headed face of arcuate friction block is equipped with groove 461, groove Assemble internal jump ring 47.

Output shaft 6 is fixed by 67 assembly disk seat 65 of bearing, planet carrier 62 with 6 right end outer circle of output shaft, planet carrier assembly Fixed planet wheel spindle, planet wheel spindle, which is rotatably assorted, assembles planetary gear 82, while planetary gear is engaged with ring gear 315 and centre wheel 69 engagements, centre wheel assembly are fixed on input shaft 1, and the left end of input shaft and the right end of output shaft are rotated by the assembly of bearing 66 On same straight line, input shaft 1 assembles right retaining ring 58 and is assemblied in by bearing 57 axial line of cooperation, input shaft and output shaft On the bearing block in the right end cap centre of casing.

Two grades of rotating gear train speed changing devices shown in Fig. 1 are the speed changers of automatic gear-shifting, secondly shelves are in meshing state, Er Qiezhong Heart wheel, planetary gear, ring gear are the transmission connections in synchronous rotary, and transmission efficiency is highest.

As Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18, Figure 19, Shown in Figure 20, Figure 21, Figure 22, Figure 23, Figure 24, Figure 25 and Figure 26, Fig. 6 is two grades of second embodiment twin shaft of speed changer of the present invention The structural schematic diagram of speed changer；Be suitble to be assemblied in 20 kilowatts of two wheels battery-operated motor cycles below, light-weight electric automobile, it can be achieved that Automatic gear-shifting and pilot control shift.

Twin shaft two speed gear is driven using twin shaft intermediate gear, and stroke gear-locking device 7, two-way more is assembled on input shaft 1 Plate clutch 9, the one grade of balladeur train 25 and two grades of balladeur trains 26 assembled on input shaft is respectively and on driven shaft 23 Fixed first speed driven gear 21 and two grades of driven gears 22 is assembled to engage；Stroke gear-locking device 7 and electric appliance manipulation device 8 connect It connects, driven shaft left end passes through the bearing 63 in the bearing saddle bore of casing 4 and assembles fixed chain wheels 20, can be used for two-wheeled motorcycle In set driving；Pinion gear 211 can also be processed on driven shaft 23 to engage with the gear wheel of differential mechanism, can be used for light-weight electric The rear bridge driven of automobile, input shaft 1 and motor are sequentially connected by yielding coupling.

1 left end of input shaft is equipped with small axle diameter end, and small axle diameter end, which is rotatably assorted, assembles one grade of balladeur train 25, one grade of slide teeth The fixed driven horse 10 of wheel assembly, driven horse assemble driven disc by spline, and the stepped portions at the small axle diameter end of input shaft are right Side is equipped with external fovea ring groove and assembles outer circlip 68, and active horse 16 is assemblied in the left end of outer circlip 68, and active horse 16 is equipped with two Inner rack is assemblied in two long recess of input shaft 1, and active horse 16 assembles rotating plate, rotating plate and driven by external splines The alternate assembly of piece, diaphragm spring 27 are assemblied in the right end of driven horse 10, and the interior circle hole shape pawl end assembly of diaphragm spring 27 is outer recessed Flute profile slipping ring 112 assembles the interior circle hole shape pawl end of wave plate spring ring and diaphragm spring 27 in the external fovea ring groove of external groove shape slipping ring Adaptation contact positioning, external groove shape slipping ring right side can push away 18 left sides of circle with a left side and be adapted to sliding, and a left side pushes away circle and filled by screw The left end on sliding sleeve is fitted over, the right end on sliding sleeve 17 assembles the right side by screw and pushes away circle 19, the retaining ring on the right of input shaft upper sliding sleeve Two grades of balladeur trains 26 and active horse 13, the left flange collar dress of driven horse 12 and two grades of balladeur trains are assembled between retaining ring 58 With fixation, active horse 13 is assembled by two inner racks and input shaft, and diaphragm spring 28 is assemblied in the left end of driven horse 12, The interior circle hole shape pawl end assembly external groove shape slipping ring of diaphragm spring 28 pushes away circle 19 with the right side and is adapted to.A left side pushes away circle 18 and the right side pushes away circle 19 and passes through Screw cooperation and locking plate washer 83 are assemblied on sliding sleeve 17.

Sliding sleeve assembles pin shaft 11 by axis hole and circlip, and pin shaft 11 passes through the through-hole of 115 left end of guide rod, and pin shaft is also assemblied in In the elongated through-hole of 1 left end of input shaft, guide rod 115 penetrates the axle center for being assemblied in input shaft 1 from the axle center circular hole of input shaft right end In chamber, the through-hole of 115 right end of guide rod assembles pin shaft 39, and two ends of pin shaft 39 respectively pass through two through-holes of 97 left end of movable sheath seat It is assembled after 979 by circlip, pin shaft 39 is also assemblied in the elongated through-hole of 1 right end of input shaft.

Stroke gear-locking device 7 is assemblied on input shaft 1, is set on input shaft 1 there are two long recess and two short grooves, mobile Block set 97, which is set, to be slidably matched and is assemblied on input shaft 1 there are two inner rack and two elongated holes, such as the inner rack of movable sheath seat 971 are assemblied in the long recess 105 of input shaft, the short groove 103 of the 972 face input shaft of elongated hole of movable sheath seat.Movable sleeving Seat right end is equipped with evagination retaining ring, and the upper surface of left side of elongated hole 972 is equipped with left lug 841, left lug 849, the right is arranged below It is equipped with right lug 974 above, left lug 841 assembles left crank throw 85 by pin shaft 862 and torsional spring, and pin shaft 862 is inserted in left lug In the pin shaft hole 851 of 841 pin shaft hole and left crank throw 85；Left lug 849 assembles left crank throw 861 by pin shaft 855 and torsional spring, right Lug 974 assembles right crank throw 907 by pin shaft 847 and torsional spring 909, and right lug below is right by pin shaft 949 and torsional spring assembly Crank throw 908, the groove 975 of movable sheath seat outer circle and the rack gear 901 of big 90 inner circle of sliding sleeve are slidably matched, and the outer circle of big sliding sleeve is equipped with External fovea ring groove 902, which is slidably matched, assembles dialing ring 87, and 97 left end of movable sheath seat is filled by outer jump-ring slot 978, step and spline fitted With retaining ring 84, retaining ring is fixed by the assembly of outer circlip 844.The left end of big sliding sleeve is equipped with Zola's pawl 903, and right end is equipped with right pulling claw 906, the cooperation of the arm of force 852 of Zola's pawl 903 and left crank throw 85, the arm of force of right pulling claw 906 and right crank throw 908 cooperates；Input shaft 1 The two-end part two sides of upper and lower two short grooves are respectively provided with concave surface notch, and the concave surface gap portions below left end pass through pin shaft 372 and spring 915 assemble left snap finger 91, pin shaft 372 is inserted into the pin shaft hole 913 of left snap finger 91, and left 91 left end of snap finger is equipped with Stroke plush copper 912 contacts positioning with the bottom surface of the short groove of input shaft 1, is equipped with circular cavity 914 above left 91 right end of snap finger and assembles 915 lower end of spring, in the circular cavity for the corresponding position that 915 upper end of spring is assemblied in input shaft, left snap finger 91 is equipped with pin shaft hole 913 Two pin shaft holes corresponding with input shaft assemble pin shaft 372, and pin shaft 372 is locked on input shaft by axle clamp.1 right end of input shaft The upper surface of the pin shaft hole 108 at 107 position of concave surface notch right snap finger 94 is assembled by pin shaft 945 and spring 943；Right end is recessed below Face gap portions are equipped with pin shaft hole and assemble right snap finger 946 by pin shaft 944 and spring 943；Concave surface notch above input shaft left end The pin shaft hole 106 at position assembles left snap finger 93 by pin shaft 373 and spring, and pin shaft 373 is inserted into the pin shaft hole 932 of left snap finger 93 In, left 93 left end of snap finger is equipped with stroke plush copper and contacts positioning, the contact of left crank throw 85 with the bottom surface of the short groove 103 of input shaft 1 853 cooperate with the plush copper of left snap finger 93, and the plush copper right end of left snap finger 93 is equipped with inclined-plane 931, and the plush copper left end of left snap finger 93 is equipped with Vertical plane is adapted to the short side face of 972 left end of elongated hole of movable sheath seat 97；The plush copper of the contact of left crank throw 861 and left snap finger 91 Cooperation；The plush copper of the contact of right crank throw 907 and right snap finger 94 cooperates, the side of left crank throw only installation identical as the structure of right crank throw To on the contrary, left snap finger it is identical as the structure of right snap finger only installation it is contrary.

Evagination retaining ring is equipped with two outer dogs 977, retaining ring is equipped with two outer dogs 843, and big sliding sleeve right end is equipped with two drawings Pawl 906 and two pawl 905, and left end is equipped with two pulling claws 903 and two are pawled 904, and circumferential arrangement is pawled set alternate with pulling claw It sets, the inside boss of pulling claw goes out to be cooperated with the arm of force of crank throw, and the arm of force of the corresponding crank throw of every two is assemblied in corresponding two pulling claws Between, every two is pawled accordingly to be assemblied between corresponding two outer dogs, such as pawl 905 and the cooperation of outer dog 977.

For the ease of assembly maintenance, the dialing ring 87 in electric appliance manipulation device 8 is led to by upper half circle 801 and lower half circle 701 A two pin shafts assembly is fixed, for example upper half circle is equipped with small crank throw 803 and the small crank throw of lower half circle 701 passes through pin shaft 702 It assembling and fixes with outer circlip, the axle sleeve 805 that upper half circle 801 is equipped with the left end of protruding shaft 802 and connecting rod 703 is rotatably assorted assembly, Lower half circle 701 is equipped with protruding shaft and the axle sleeve of 806 left end of connecting rod assembles, and the right end of connecting rod 703 and 705 left end of crank throw pass through pin shaft 704 are flexibly connected, and 705 right end of crank throw and shaft 708 are fixed；806 right end of connecting rod and 707 left end of crank throw pass through 706 activity of pin shaft Connection, 707 right end of crank throw and shaft 708 are fixed, and 708 lower end of shaft is assemblied on casing by bearing, and the upper end of shaft passes through The bearing and oil sealing 709 and the right end of swing arm 808 that casing 4 assembles are fixed, and are filled between dialing ring and the concave ring groove 902 of big sliding sleeve 90 Wear-resisting groove circle 86 with the combination of two semicircles.

In order to carry big load, dialing ring 87 can be by upper half circle 801 and the fixed shape of 701 assemble welding of lower half circle At.

In order to enhance speed changer lightweight and input shaft bearing loading capability, also as shown in figure 12,1 left end of input shaft is equipped with small Diameter of axle position is rotatably assorted by retaining ring 81 assembles one grade of balladeur train 25, one grade of fixed driven horse of balladeur train right end assembly 10, driven horse assembles driven disc by spline, and large-diameter position is equipped with two outer concave rings on the right of the small axle diameter step of input shaft Slot assembles outer circlip 113 and outer circlip 68, active horse 16 are assemblied between outer circlip 113 and outer circlip 68, active horse 16 It is assemblied in equipped with two inner racks in two long recess of input shaft 1,16 left end of active horse is equipped with evagination retaining ring 163, actively 16 right end of horse is equipped with mobile push plate 165 by spline, is equipped with actively between evagination retaining ring 163 and mobile push plate 165 Piece and driven disc, mobile 165 right side of push plate and a left side push away the cooperation of 18 left sides of circle, and a left side pushes away circle 18 and filled by screw and locking plate washer It fits on sliding sleeve 17.

For the ease of manufacturing and reducing cost, the structure of two-way multi-plate friction clutch 9 can assemble as shown in figure 13. The right side pushes away the right end that circle 19 is assemblied in sliding sleeve 17 by screw and locking plate washer 83, and sliding sleeve 17 is equipped with pilot hole 713, and the right side pushes away circle 19 Right side is adapted to the mobile push plate left side that active horse 13 assembles, and active horse 13 is filled by two inner racks and input shaft Match.Two grades of fixed driven horses 12 of 26 left end of balladeur train assembly, driven horse assemble driven disc, active horse 13 by spline The assembly alternate with the driven disc that driven horse 12 assembles of the rotating plate of assembly, active horse 13 and two grades of balladeur trains 26 pass through two A retaining ring is assemblied on input shaft 1.1 left end of input shaft is rotatably assorted one grade of assembly by retaining ring 81 equipped with small axle diameter position and is slided Gear 25, one grade of fixed driven horse 10 of balladeur train right end assembly, driven horse assemble driven disc by spline, input shaft Large-diameter position is equipped with an external fovea ring groove and assembles outer circlip 68, active horse 16 and one grade of balladeur train on the right of small axle diameter step 25 are assemblied between outer circlip 68 and outer circlip 81.

In order to keep shift fast and reliable, shift power is combined using electromagnet.It is swinging type electromagnetic shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15 Iron combination, the arm of force 808 are swing arm shape, and the lower end of the arm of force and shaft 708 are fixed, and the upper end of the arm of force passes through pin shaft 888 and the left side the The lug 996 of second group of electromagnet of lug 886 and the right of one group of electromagnet is flexibly connected, first group of electromagnet and second group of electricity Magnet arranges that the tail portion 881 of first group of electromagnet is positioned by pin shaft 882 and casing, the tail portion 992 of second group of electromagnet in opposite directions It is positioned by pin shaft 991 and casing, arm of force reciprocating swing.

It is the combination of torsional mode electromagnet shown in Figure 16, the arm of force 809 is shuttle shape, and the middle part of the arm of force and shaft 708 are fixed, the arm of force Upper end is flexibly connected with the lug 886 of first group of electromagnet by pin shaft 888, the lower end of the arm of force passes through pin shaft and second group is electric The lug 996 of magnet is flexibly connected, and first group of electromagnet and second group of electromagnet are arranged in parallel, the tail portion of first group of electromagnet 882 are positioned by pin shaft and casing, and the tail portion 992 of second group of electromagnet is positioned by pin shaft 991 and casing, and the arm of force is toward wraparound It is dynamic.

Electromagnet 994 and permanent magnet 995 and permanent magnet while electromagnet 884 and permanent magnet 883 and attracting permanent magnet 885 993 repel each other, electromagnet 994 and permanent magnet 995 and permanent magnet while electromagnet 884 repels each other with permanent magnet 883 and permanent magnet 885 993 is attracting, and the magnetic of the electromagnet 885 of the permanent magnet 883 and right end of 884 left end of electromagnet is far from it.

The combination of swing-type electric magnet and the combination of torsional mode electromagnet are all that electromagnet is assemblied between two permanent magnets, electromagnetism Iron 884 and permanent magnet 883 and permanent magnet 885 by traveller 887 and the alternate assembly of pressure spring 889, magnet spool be powered with forever Magnet generates the effect being attracted or repelled, and rubber pad and pressure spring are equipped between electromagnet and permanent magnet.Electromagnet 994 and permanent magnetism Iron 995 and permanent magnet 993 pass through traveller 997 and the alternate assembly of pressure spring 998.

Shown in Figure 17, first group of 884 coil of electromagnet and second group of 994 coils from parallel connection of coils of electromagnet, two of coil Terminals are divided into four terminals and are electrically connected respectively with four stationary contacts of relay 778 and relay 779, and two relays are handed over For electric current of make-and-break, the movable contact of two relays replaces the contrary of electric current of make-and-break.The movable contact and power supply of two relays Positive and negative anodes electrical connection is not identical.

In order to make speed changer realize reliable and stable fluid drive shift function, the coil of two relays passes through the ratchet cover plate Contact switch electrical connection.As shown in Figure 18, Figure 19, Figure 20, Figure 21, Figure 22 and Figure 23, ratchet cover plate contact switch is equipped with pawl 171, contact tabletting 175, electromagnet pulling claw, conductive connecting device, relay, be associated with by two groups of ratchet cover plate contact switch formed with Relay coil electrical connection, two groups of ratchet cover plate contact switch associations are being powered to two relay coils for alternative expression moment, spine Wheel disc outer circle circumferential arrangement is equipped with eight ratchets 161, and the arrangement of ratchet cover plate planar circumferential is fixed, and there are four contact, contact tablettings 175 Contact 173 be pressed in four contacts and rotate on the circle to be formed, the contact of contact tabletting is pressed in using four contacts as circumferential arrangement Eight points distributed point on, the contact of contact tabletting is pressed in four alternate distributed points in contact when ratchet cover plate resting state； The ratchet cover plate 166 is to inlay four conductive contacts on insulating materials, and the male end of cross sheet metal 162 is set as contact, and centre is set There is circular ring plate, the circular hole clearance fit among circular ring plate covers on axis 163, and circular ring plate is contacted with annulus conductive wafer, and annulus is led Voltage piece is equipped with convex sheet 167 and is electrically connected with conducting wire, annulus conductive wafer outer end face and pressure spring contact.

In order to make it easy to understand, two groups of ratchet cover plate contact switch, which are associated with to be formed, is electrically connected respectively one grade of spine with relay coil Wheel disc contact switch and two grades of ratchet cover plate contact switch, relay coil electrical connection be respectively the electrical connection of one grade of relay coil and Two grades of relay coil electrical connections.Power-off delay relay, usually point two second can be selected to 0. 5 seconds in relay.

The pawl 171 of one grade of ratchet cover plate contact switch is assemblied on machine box frame by torsional spring 172 and pin shaft, electromagnet pulling claw The iron core 157 assembled with electromagnet 155 is fixed, and iron core assembles pressure spring 156 by retaining ring 158, and electromagnet tail end passes through torsional spring 151 It is assemblied on machine box frame 153 with pin shaft 154.The contact 164 of the male end of cross sheet metal shown in Figure 18 162 is in contact tabletting The right of 175 contact 173, the signal of controller acquisition at this time, which generates shift energization, makes the coil of electromagnet pulling claw be powered, pulling claw 159 movements force ratchet cover plate contact switch to act, and 45 degree of ratchet disc spins shown in Figure 19, the touching of cross sheet metal 162 Point 164 is powered with 173 moment of contact of contact tabletting 175, at this time with the convex sheet 167 of annulus conductive wafer and contact tabletting One grade of relay coil of 175 electrical connections is powered, and the movable contact movement of relay makes first group of electromagnet and second group of electromagnet The realization movement that is powered simultaneously becomes one grade.Figure 20 is effect return of the pulling claw by pressure spring 156.Figure 19 and Figure 21 is at the same time Associated two groups of ratchet cover plate contact switch, two groups of ratchet cover plate contact switch are electrically connected with the coil of two relays respectively, phase Associated two groups of ratchet cover plate contact switch replace electric current of make-and-break, are manipulated by the same electromagnet pulling claw.In order to extend ratchet cover plate touching The service life of point switch, pulling claw 159 can assemble as elastic pulling claw.

It is pressed in contact the contact 185 of the male end of two grades of ratchet cover plate contact switch cross sheet metal 184 as shown in figure 21 The contact 181 of piece 182 it is following, at this time controller acquisition signal generate shift energization so that the coil of electromagnet pulling claw is powered, drawing The movement of pawl 159 forces ratchet cover plate contact switch to act, and 45 degree of ratchet disc spins shown in Figure 22, cross sheet metal 184 181 moment of contact of contact 185 and contact tabletting 182 is powered, at this time with the convex sheet 187 of annulus conductive wafer and contact tabletting Two grades of relay coils of 182 electrical connections are powered, and the movable contact movement of relay makes first group of electromagnet and second group of electromagnet The realization movement that is powered simultaneously becomes two grades, and Figure 23 is effect return of the pulling claw 159 by pressure spring.Pulling claw movement makes two grades of relay lines Moment energization is enclosed, after contact 185 is powered once, two grades of relay coil no powers when pulling claw acts again, and another grade Relay coil is powered, and the ratchet cover plate 166 rotates 45 degree again, contact 165 and the contact tabletting 175 of cross sheet metal 162 173 moment of contact be powered, one grade of relay being electrically connected at this time with the convex sheet 167 of annulus conductive wafer and contact tabletting 175 Device coil is powered, and makes two grades to become one grade；Two grades of relay coils are powered when pulling claw acts again, and one grade of relay coil is obstructed Electricity.181 moment of contact of the contact 186 of cross sheet metal 184 and contact tabletting 182 is powered, at this time with annulus conductive wafer Convex sheet 187 and contact tabletting 182 be electrically connected two grades of relay coils be powered, make one grade to become two grades.Thus circulation is real The automatic gear-shifting of existing speed changer.Switch can be arranged in the front and back sides of a ratchet cover plate 166.

In order to keep the automatic gear-shifting of speed changer reliable and stable, counteragent button switch control shift can also be assembled.Such as Shown in Figure 24, Figure 25 and Figure 26.Countershaft right end is sequentially connected by spline and the spline of input shaft left end by shaft coupling, shaft coupling Device is assembled by left flange collar spline housing 718, right flange collar spline housing 719, arc shaped slider 717, garter spring 716, left flange collar spline housing 718 assemble two semicircle arc shaped sliders with the intermediate outer circle of right flange collar spline housing 719, cover in the outer circle of two arc shaped sliders Tension spring becomes garter spring 716, can mitigate the transmission impact of the centrifugal mechanism and electric appliance manipulation components on countershaft.

Reversing device in integral type is assembled on countershaft 109, steel ball cylinder is fixed on the outer circumferential edge of control cage 183, steel ball cylinder Outward opening circle inclination is adapted to steel ball pawl 133, and the axial line of steel ball cylinder and the axial line of countershaft form 45 degree of inclinations angle, The active frame 52 of counteragent device 3 is fixed on steel ball crowfoot, the working face and countershaft that steel ball pawl 133 is contacted with steel ball 55 109 axial line is vertical；Countershaft is equipped with two deep grooves and guide rod 96 and guide rod 95 is housed, from the left end of moving frame 72 and two guide rods The ring gear 139 of assembly, guide rod right end and movable sleeving assembles, and the inner rack of ring gear is adapted to two latent grooves of countershaft, moves The ring gear of dynamic set holds 63 inner ring by outer flange collar and outer circlip assembled shaft, and the outer prong circle 195 of movable sleeving passes through interior flange collar With the outer ring of internal jump ring assembly bearing 63.Outer prong circle 195 is equipped with the bulb 713 that prong 138 assembles 136 lower end of pivoted arm, pivoted arm By pin shaft 135 and control switch machine capsule, pivoted arm upper end is equipped with the lower end of cylinder assembly fixed spring 194, spring at middle part The cylindrical portion of fixed 191 lower end of flyball in upper end, flyball upper end is spherical shape, each in the right and left of 191 reciprocating swing of flyball It is fixed with a normally opened contact switch, it is two grades of relays on the right of flyball that the flyball left side, which is one grade of relay coil switch 192, Coil switch 193, when counteragent device quick acting causes pivoted arm to swing, since the inertia of flyball will touch switch moment Closure realizes electrical equipment control shift function.Outer prong circle 195 is equipped with the sliding slot slide bar 131 fixed with casing and is slidably matched, and prevents Outer prong circle 195 is rotated in company with countershaft 109.

In order to reduce cost, shown in Figure 26, the right crank throw of guide rod 96 in 109 deep groove of countershaft is inserted into lacking for movable sleeving 711 Mouthful, it is assembled and is positioned by outer circlip 81, two inner racks of movable sleeving 711 are assemblied in two shallow grooves of countershaft, movable sleeving 711 Right end be equipped with outer flange collar, left end is equipped with step and outer jump-ring slot and assembles left ring 134 by outer circlip 81, in outer flange collar and left Circle is touched by spline assembly between ring, circle right end is touched and is equipped with three right recessed circles of a right convex body 197 and circumferential arrangement Chamber, right recessed circle chamber assemble small pressure spring 715, and the corresponding concave shaped cavity that is equipped in outer flange collar left end assembles small pressure spring 715, touches circle left end Equipped with a left convex body 198 and circumferential arrangement three left recessed circle chambers, left recessed circle chamber assembles small pressure spring 199, left ring right end The corresponding concave shaped cavity that is equipped with assembles small pressure spring 199, and three right recessed circle chambers distribute alternately with three left recessed circle chamber circumferential arrangements, The protrusion end face of right convex body and left convex body be it is arc-shaped, be respectively provided with a normally opened contact switch touching circle left and right ends, The rubber that one grade of relay coil switch 192 is equipped on the right of right convex body 197 touches handle, left 198 left side of convex body equipped with two grades after The rubber of electric apparatus coil switch 193 touches handle, fast moves when counteragent device quick acting causes to touch circle, due to touching circle Inertia will touch switch moment closure, the only life of changing the line of production of the mobile back spin of inertia in movement is touched, so disconnecting quickly Restore normally open, realizes that counteragent button switch controls shift, it is stable and reliable for performance.

Can also on the normally opened contact switch touched in circle left and right ends a manually normally opened contact in parallel Switch, may be implemented the normally opened contact switch shift by hand push button inertial collision.

The transmission principle of speed changer of the present invention and operating process are:

Be illustrated with the second embodiment twin shaft two speed gear of speed changer of the present invention, as Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Figure 11, Figure 14, Shown in Figure 15, Figure 17, Figure 24 and Figure 25, the left shell half of casing, the external splines and shaft coupling of input shaft left end are stretched out in 1 left end of input shaft The right flange collar spline housing 719 of device assembles, and the left flange collar spline housing 718 of shaft coupling and the external splines of 109 right end of countershaft assemble, countershaft 109 left ends are assemblied on the bearing block of casing cylindrical cap by bearing, and input shaft right end stretches out the bearing block dress of casing right half-shell The rotation axis of the bearing hole and oil sealing and motor matched is sequentially connected.

In vehicle launch, by the effect of the stroke gear-locking device 7 assembled on input shaft 1, first clutch, which is in, to be combined State, when vehicle gives it the gun, the counteragent button switch assembled on countershaft 109, which can generate function, makes two grades of relay lines Moment energization, the movable contact movement of two grades of relays are enclosed, the coil of electromagnet combination is powered, electromagnet quick acting, double link The backset position that double reciprocating mechanisms pull stroke gear-locking device to be moved to two grades, gear-driven first clutch separation, and it is fast Two grades of clutches of implementation of speed combine, and obtain the continuity of power transmitting, due to using two-way multi-plate friction clutch, electricity Machine rotor can accelerate at this time the revolving speed of motor, vehicle is made to carry out high speed in two grades of states quickly with intermediate gear drive coordination Traveling.

When vehicle needs to slow down, by the effect of the stroke gear-locking device 7 assembled on input shaft 1, two grades of clutches are in Bonding state, when vehicle deceleration when driving, the counteragent button that assembles on countershaft 109 meeting, which generates function, makes one grade of relay Coil moment is powered, and the movable contact movement of one grade of relay, the coil of electromagnet combination is powered, electromagnet quick acting, doubly-linked The backset position that the dialing ring of the double reciprocating mechanisms of bar pulls stroke gear-locking device to be moved to one grade, gear-driven two grades of clutches point From, and quickly carry out first clutch combination.Due to using two-way multi-plate friction clutch, rotor can be quick It is driven with a shelves gear drive coordination, the revolving speed of decelerating motor, runs at a low speed vehicle in one grade of state at this time.Thus plus Speed, which is slowed down, realizes automatic gear-shifting speed change, obtains motor and speed and load matched, improves the efficiency of motor.After running at a low speed Realize parking power-off, one grade is in backset state.Thus reciprocating operation drives vehicle, reaches the speed change effect of speed changer automatic gear-shifting Fruit obtains the comfortable reliability of Vehicular shift speed change using two-way multi-plate friction clutch.

Although having carried out foregoing description to the present invention in conjunction with attached drawing, the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiment parties Formula, above-mentioned specific embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art are in the present invention Enlightenment under, without deviating from the spirit of the invention, many variations can also be made.These belong to protection of the invention Column.

Claims

1. a kind of speed changer, including steerable system, transmission switching system, gear train assembly；The steerable system includes driving Member's manipulation device or counteragent manipulation device or electric appliance manipulation device, the gear train assembly are the transmissions of twin shaft intermediate gear Or cyclic train gear drive；It is characterized in that: the transmission switching system is rubbed by stroke gear-locking device and two-way multiple-piece Clutch engagement is wiped to realize shift or realize shift by counteragent device and the cooperation of Bidirectional end face tooth-like clutch；

The stroke gear-locking device is that long recess and short groove are equipped on input shaft, and movable sheath seat is equipped with inner rack and elongated hole It is assemblied on input shaft, the inner rack of movable sheath seat is assemblied in the long recess of input shaft, the short groove of elongated hole face, movable sleeving Seat one end is equipped with evagination retaining ring, and a retaining ring is fixed in the assembly of the movable sheath seat other end, evagination retaining ring and retaining ring be respectively provided with outer dog, Opposite position is respectively provided with lug, and the both ends of elongated hole are arranged in lug, each lug is equipped with pin shaft hole and passes through pin shaft and spring A crank throw is assembled, big sliding sleeve is assembled by spline between the evagination retaining ring and retaining ring of movable sheath seat, the outer circle of big sliding sleeve is set There is external fovea ring groove to be rotatably assorted and assemble dialing ring, two ends of big sliding sleeve are respectively provided with pulling claw, and the interior dog of pulling claw and the arm of force of crank throw are matched It closes, the outer end face of pulling claw and outer dog cooperate, and the two sides of the two-end part of the short groove of input shaft are respectively provided with concave surface notch, concave surface Gap portions are equipped with pin shaft hole and assemble snap finger by pin shaft and spring, and the contact of crank throw and the plush copper of snap finger cooperate, snap finger one end Plush copper side be equipped with the inclined-plane other side and be equipped with vertical plane, vertical plane is adapted to the short side face of elongated hole, and the snap finger other end is equipped with Stroke plush copper contacts positioning with the short groove floor of input shaft, and one end of movable sheath seat is equipped with through-hole assembly pin shaft or guide rod and double It is connected to multi-plate friction clutch, big sliding sleeve is connect with the dialing ring that pilot control device or electric appliance manipulation device assemble；

The large cylinder of the Bidirectional end face tooth-like clutch, disk seat one end assembles outer sliding sleeve, outer sliding sleeve by rubber block and internal jump ring Axial sliding fit assembly inner sliding sleeve, inner sliding sleeve fixed double-sided dental inlay gear ring, the inner headed face clamping rings piece of two-sided dental inlay gear ring, Circular ring plate, which is rotatably assorted, to be assemblied between the evagination retaining ring of sliding sleeve and retaining ring, and sliding sleeve is equipped with the length that interior convex tooth strips are assemblied in input shaft In groove, convex rack gear position one end of sliding sleeve is equipped with notch or through-hole assembly guide rod is connect with counteragent device；Or it is sliding Set middle part is equipped with evagination retaining ring, assembles circular ring plate, the right side of evagination retaining ring between the left side and annulus locking plate, retaining ring of evagination retaining ring Shift fork is assembled between end face and annulus locking plate, retaining ring, shift fork is connect with steerable system；One end face of two-sided dental inlay gear ring and assembly The dental inlay gear ring of first clutch on casing is adapted to, the dental inlay of other end and two grades of clutches being assemblied on input shaft Gear ring adaptation, two dental inlay gear rings are respectively fitted with synchronous circle；One end face circumferential arrangement of synchronous circle is equipped with multiple synchronize and nibbles Tooth is closed, each synchro-meshing tooth is set there are two concave curved surface.

2. speed changer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the electric appliance manipulation device includes that counteragent button is opened Close, countershaft and input shaft are sequentially connected by shaft coupling, and countershaft assembles reversing device in integral type, from moving frame by guide rod and The ring gear of movable sleeving assembles, and the inner rack of ring gear is adapted to two latent grooves of countershaft, and the ring gear of movable sleeving passes through outer The inner ring that flange collar and outer circlip assembled shaft are held, the outer prong circle of movable sleeving assemble the outer ring of bearing by interior flange collar and internal jump ring, Outer prong circle is equipped with the bulb or cylindrical body of prong assembly pivoted arm lower end, passes through pin shaft in the middle part of pivoted arm and control switch machine is box-packed Match, pivoted arm upper end is equipped with the lower end of cylinder assembly fixed spring, the fixed flyball of spring upper end, the right and left of flyball reciprocating swing Respectively one normally opened button switch of setting, one of button switch are electrically connected with one grade of relay coil, another button is opened Pass is electrically connected with two grades of relay coils, and outer prong circle is equipped with the sliding bar that sliding slot and casing are fixed and cooperates, the axle center of slide bar The axis parallel of line and countershaft；

The shaft coupling is assembled by left flange collar spline housing, right flange collar spline housing, arc shaped slider, garter spring, left flange collar spline housing Two semicircle arc shaped sliders are assembled with the intermediate outer circle of right flange collar spline housing, cover upper garter spring in the outer circle of two arc shaped sliders；

Or guide rod is assembled with movable sleeving by outer circlip, and the inner rack of movable sleeving is assemblied in the groove of countershaft, movable sleeving Right end is equipped with outer flange collar, and left end is equipped with step and outer jump-ring slot and assembles left ring by outer circlip, outer flange collar and left ring it Between circle touched by spline assembly, touch circle right end and be equipped with a right convex body and the multiple right recessed circle chambers of circumferential arrangement and outer flange collar Small pressure spring is assembled, circle left end is touched and is equipped with a left convex body and the multiple left recessed circle chambers of circumferential arrangement and the small pressure of left ring assembly Spring, right recessed circle chamber distribute alternately with left recessed circle chamber circumferential arrangement, the protrusion end face of right convex body and left convex body be it is arc-shaped, Touching circle both ends, one normally opened rubber bar button switch, one of rubber bar button switch and one grade of relay are respectively set Coil electrical connection, another rubber bar button switch are electrically connected with two grades of relay coils.

3. speed changer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: twin shaft intermediate gear transmission or cyclic train gear pass It is dynamic；

The cyclic train gear drive, output shaft assemble outer sliding sleeve by bearing assembly disk seat, the large cylinder of disk seat one end, greatly Cylinder fixes ring gear, and inner sliding sleeve, inner sliding sleeve fixed double-sided dental inlay gear ring, two-sided dental inlay tooth are assembled in outer sliding sleeve axial sliding fit Enclose the fixed first clutch dental inlay gear ring engagement of an end face and casing or separate, other end and input shaft fixed two grades from The engagement of clutch dental inlay gear ring or separation, two-sided dental inlay gear ring clamping rings piece are rotatably assorted on the sliding sleeve being assemblied on input shaft, Planet carrier is fixed with output shaft, and the fixed planet wheel spindle of planet carrier assembles planetary gear, while planetary gear is engaged with ring gear in The engagement of heart wheel, centre wheel is fixed on input shaft, and one end of input shaft and one end assembly of output shaft are rotatably assorted, input shaft with For the axial line of output shaft on same straight line, input shaft and output shaft pass through two end caps that bearing is assemblied in casing respectively On, sliding sleeve is connect with steerable system, input shaft be connected by power, output shaft output power；

The twin shaft intermediate gear is driven, and stroke gear-locking device, two-way multi-plate friction clutch, input shaft are assembled on input shaft The one grade of balladeur train and two grades of balladeur trains of upper assembly respectively with fixed first speed driven gear and two grades are assembled on driven shaft Driven gear engagement, two-way multi-plate friction clutch are connect with stroke gear-locking device, stroke gear-locking device and pilot control Device or the connection of electric appliance manipulation device, driven shaft fixed chain wheels or pinion gear output power, input shaft are connect with power transmission.

4. speed changer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the electric appliance manipulation device includes controller electromagnet snap-action Mechanism, the controller electromagnet snap-action mechanism are the combination of swing-type electric magnet or the combination of torsional mode electromagnet；

The swing-type electric magnet combination, the arm of force is swing arm shape, and one end and the shaft of the arm of force are fixed, and the other end of the arm of force passes through pin The lug active link of the lug and second group of electromagnet of axis and first group of electromagnet, first group of electromagnet and second group of electromagnet The tail portion of opposite arrangement, first group of electromagnet and second group of electromagnet respectively passes through pin shaft and casing positions, arm of force reciprocating swing；

Torsional mode electromagnet combination, the arm of force is shuttle shape, and middle part and the shaft of the arm of force are fixed, one end of the arm of force by pin shaft and The lug of first group of electromagnet is flexibly connected, and the other end of the arm of force passes through the lug active link of pin shaft and second group of electromagnet, First group of electromagnet and second group of electromagnet are arranged in parallel, and the tail portion of first group of electromagnet and second group of electromagnet respectively passes through pin shaft It is positioned with casing, the arm of force rotates back and forth；

Second group of electromagnet repels each other while first group of electromagnet is attracting, second group of electromagnet while first group of electromagnet repels each other Attracting, the magnetic of the permanent magnet at two end of electromagnet is far from it.

5. speed changer according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: swing-type electric magnet combination or torsional mode electromagnet group Conjunction is electromagnet with permanent magnet by traveller or the alternate assembly of control cage, and rubber pad and pressure are equipped between electromagnet and permanent magnet Spring；

In parallel or series, two terminals of coil are divided into four for first group of magnet spool and second group of magnet spool Terminals are electrically connected with four stationary contacts of two relays respectively, and two relays replace electric current of make-and-break, two relays Movable contact replaces the contrary of electric current of make-and-break, and the coil of two relays is electrically connected by controller or passes through ratchet cover plate contact Switch electrical connection or the electrical connection of counteragent button switch；

Or normally closed (dynamic circuit breaker) relay of ratchet cover plate contact switch or counteragent button switch also with motor and power electric connection The coil of device is electrically connected；

Or ratchet cover plate contact switch or counteragent button switch are electrically connected with the coil of normally closed (dynamic circuit breaker) relay of motor, The contact of normally opened (dynamic circuit connector) of normally closed (dynamic circuit breaker) relay is electrically connected with the coil of two relays, two relays and electromagnet Coil electrical connection；

Electromagnet combination encapsulates water proof and dust proof by the cover.

6. speed changer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the stroke gear-locking device is to be equipped with two on input shaft Long recess and two short groove circumference arrangement, movable sheath seat is equipped with two inner racks and two elongated holes are assemblied in input shaft On, two inner racks of movable sheath seat are assemblied in two long recess of input shaft, two elongated hole faces, two short grooves, are moved Dynamic block set one end is equipped with evagination retaining ring, and a retaining ring is fixed in other end assembly, evagination retaining ring and retaining ring be respectively provided with two outer dogs, Opposite position is respectively provided with two lugs, and the both ends of elongated hole are arranged in lug, and lug is equipped with pin shaft hole, each lug passes through pin Axis and torsional spring assemble a crank throw, big sliding by spline slide cooperation assembly between the evagination retaining ring and retaining ring of movable sheath seat Set, the outer circle of big sliding sleeve are equipped with external fovea ring groove and assemble dialing ring, and two ends of big sliding sleeve are respectively provided with two pulling claws and two are pawled, circumference Setting alternate with pulling claw of pawling is arranged, the inside boss of pulling claw goes out to be cooperated with the arm of force of crank throw, the arm of force of the corresponding crank throw of every two It is assemblied between corresponding two pulling claws, pawls and cooperate with outer dog, every two is pawled accordingly to be assemblied in outside corresponding two Between dog, the two sides of the two-end part of the short groove of input shaft are respectively provided with concave surface notch, and concave surface gap portions are equipped with pin shaft hole Snap finger is assembled by pin shaft and torsional spring, the contact of crank throw and the plush copper of snap finger cooperate, and the plush copper side of snap finger one end is equipped with inclined-plane The other side is equipped with vertical plane, and the snap finger other end is equipped with stroke plush copper and contacts with the short groove floor of input shaft, and the one of movable sheath seat End is equipped with through-hole assembly pin shaft or guide rod is connect with two-way multi-plate friction clutch, dialing ring and pilot control device or electric appliance Manipulation device connection；

Or circular cavity assembly spring is arranged below in the plush copper of snap finger one end, and spring is also assemblied in the corresponding position of input shaft simultaneously Circular cavity in, the snap finger other end be equipped with stroke plush copper contacted with the short groove floor of input shaft；

Or shift fork replaces dialing ring, assembly heading positioning device on the fixed sliding sleeve of the manipulation slide-bar and casing of shift fork, in shift fork The external fovea ring groove clearance fit of shift fork and big sliding sleeve when stopping acts.

7. speed changer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the large cylinder of disk seat one end passes through rubber block and Nei Ka Spring assembles outer sliding sleeve, and large cylinder inner circle is equipped with ring gear, and large cylinder right end is equipped with internal retaining surface, right end block face, circumferential arrangement and is equipped with Right convex block, each convex block in the right side protrude and are equipped with the notch of assembly internal jump ring to right end, and outer sliding sleeve left end is equipped with outer block face, a left side It holds block face, circumferential arrangement to be equipped with left convex block, the notch of an assembly internal jump ring, left convex block is equipped on the right of each convex block in a left side Assembly alternate with the convex block in the right side, the right side of right convex block and left end block face contact slide cooperate, and each convex block in a left side and the right side are convex A rubber block is assembled between block, the notch of the convex block of notch and the right side of left convex block assembles an internal jump ring, outer cunning jointly The right end inner headed face circumferential arrangement of set is equipped with sliding slot or slip teeth and is adapted to axial sliding fit with inner sliding sleeve.

8. speed changer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the electric appliance manipulation device and pilot control device include The double reciprocating mechanisms of double link, dialing ring are symmetrically equipped with two shafts, and shaft is equipped with jump-ring slot, one end fixed hub of connecting rod, axis It covers on shaft, the other end of connecting rod is flexibly connected with one end of crank throw by pin shaft, and the other end of crank throw is fixed on shaft On, two connecting rods and two crank throw parallel arrangements, shaft fix two crank throws and form a prong fork in two sides of input shaft, turn The vertical lines run parallel of axis and input shaft is assemblied in one side of input shaft, and one end of shaft is mounted in the axis of casing by sliding sleeve or bearing It holds on seat, the other end of shaft passes through the bearing of casing and oil sealing protrusion shell body is fixed with arm of force assembly；

The electric appliance manipulation device includes ratchet cover plate contact switch, and ratchet cover plate contact switch is equipped with pawl, contact tabletting, electromagnetism Iron pulling claw, conductive connecting device, relay, are associated with to be formed and are electrically connected with relay coil by two groups of ratchet cover plate contact switch, and two Group ratchet cover plate contact switch association is being powered to two relay coils for alternative expression moment, and ratchet cover plate outer circle circumferential arrangement is equipped with Eight ratchets, the arrangement of ratchet cover plate planar circumferential is fixed there are four contact, and the contact of contact tabletting is pressed in when ratchet cover plate resting state In the alternate distributed point in four contacts, the ratchet cover plate is to inlay four conductive contacts, the evagination of cross sheet metal on insulating materials End is set as contact, and centre is equipped with circular ring plate, and the circular hole clearance fit among circular ring plate covers on axis, circular ring plate and annulus conduction pressure Piece contact, annulus conductive wafer are equipped with convex sheet and are electrically connected with conducting wire, and annulus conductive wafer outer end face is contacted with pressure spring；

Or the pulling claw assembly of electromagnet pulling claw is elastic pulling claw.

9. speed changer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the two-way multi-plate friction clutch, input shaft left end Be rotatably assorted one grade of balladeur train of assembly equipped with small axle diameter position, one grade of balladeur train right end assembles first clutch, one grade from Sliding sleeve is equipped between clutch and two grades of clutches, two grades of clutch devices fit over the left end of two grades of balladeur trains；One grade of slide teeth The fixed driven horse of right end assembly is taken turns, driven horse assembles multiple driven discs, large-diameter on the right of the step of small axle diameter by spline Position is equipped with two external fovea ring grooves and assembles two outer retaining rings, and rotating plate is rack-mounted to be fitted between two outer retaining rings, and rotating plate is provided with Inner rack is assemblied in the long recess of input shaft, and active horse left end is equipped with evagination retaining ring, and active horse right end is filled by spline Equipped with mobile push plate, multiple rotating plates are equipped between evagination retaining ring and mobile push plate, mobile push plate and a left side push away circle cooperation, left It pushes away circle and sliding sleeve left end is assemblied in by screw and locking plate washer；Sliding sleeve right end is equipped with the right side and pushes away circle, and the right side pushes away circle and two grades of clutches Mobile push plate cooperation, sliding sleeve by assemble pin shaft connect with stroke gear-locking device.

10. speed changer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the two-way multi-plate friction clutch, input shaft left end It is rotatably assorted equipped with small axle diameter end and assembles one grade of balladeur train, one grade of balladeur train right end assembles first clutch, one grade of clutch Sliding sleeve is equipped between device and two grades of clutches, two grades of clutch devices fit over the left end of two grades of balladeur trains；One grade of balladeur train The fixed driven horse of assembly, driven horse assemble driven disc by spline, and large-diameter position is equipped with outer on the right of the step of small axle diameter Concave ring groove and retaining ring assemble active horse, and rotating plate is provided with inner rack and is assemblied in input shaft long recess, and active horse passes through External splines assembles rotating plate, and rotating plate and the alternate assembly of driven disc, diaphragm spring be assemblied in from moving frame, diaphragm spring it is multiple The circular hole that pawl end is formed assembles external groove shape slipping ring, assembly wave plate spring ring and diaphragm bullet in the external fovea ring groove of external groove shape slipping ring The pawl end adaptation contact positioning of spring, external groove shape slipping ring right side push away circle with a left side and are adapted to, and a left side pushes away circle and passes through screw and locking plate washer It is assemblied in the left end of sliding sleeve；The right side pushes away circle and is assemblied in the right end of sliding sleeve, and first clutch is identical with the structure of two grades of clutches and phase To assembly；

Or the wave plate spring coil of separation is equipped between each rotating plate, the wave plate spring of separation is equipped between each driven disc Circle.