CN114808275B - 一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114808275B
CN114808275B CN202210452549.9A CN202210452549A CN114808275B CN 114808275 B CN114808275 B CN 114808275B CN 202210452549 A CN202210452549 A CN 202210452549A CN 114808275 B CN114808275 B CN 114808275B
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aerogel
heat insulation
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张继承
刘喜宗
杨超
周蕾
杨红霞
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Gongyi Van Research Yihui Composite Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于纤维毡制备技术领域，具体公开一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡及其制备方法。（1）、将废旧气凝胶材料进行破碎得到碎块，此时将碎块与溶剂、分散剂、表面活性剂，搅拌混合，再继续破碎制成浆料；所述废旧气凝胶、溶剂、分散剂与表面活性剂的质量比为1∶（1‑2）∶（0.5‑1.5）∶（0.02‑0.5）；（2）、取纤维材料浸泡在上述浆料中；（3）、浸泡完成后，将纤维材料形成纤维毡坯；（4）、将粘结剂喷涂在纤维毡坯外表面，经过烘干得到具备隔热性能的纤维毡。本发明制得的纤维毡具备较优的隔热性能，在高温下不易产生气体副产物，可以用作真空隔热板材的芯材。

Description

一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纤维毡制备技术领域，具体涉及一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡及其制备方法。
背景技术
气凝胶材料在制备以及使用过程中不可避免地会产生不合格品、废料、边角料等废品，但因气凝胶材料属于耐高温无机材料，直接焚烧很难将这些废品处理掉，通过填埋处理也很难降解，因此会造成一定程度的环境污染。同时气凝胶材料制备成本较高，如果能对气凝胶废料实现合理的再利用，将是最好的处理方法，可以提高气凝胶的利用率。
纤维毡具有良好的力学性能，一般用作隔热材料的增强体，比如用作气凝胶毡的增强材料或者真空绝热板的芯材，但其本身的隔热性能较差，当用作隔热材料的增强体时，往往对隔热性能不利，因此需要对其改性，改善其隔热性能。目前，利用废弃气凝胶材料对纤维毡增强材料进行改性的研究还较少。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的不足之处，本发明的目的在于提供一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、将废旧气凝胶材料进行破碎得到碎块，此时将碎块与溶剂、分散剂、表面活性剂，搅拌混合，再继续破碎制成浆料；
（2）、取纤维材料浸泡在上述浆料中；
（3）、浸泡完成后，将纤维材料形成纤维毡坯；
（4）、将粘结剂喷涂在纤维毡坯外表面，经过烘干得到具备隔热性能的纤维毡。
较好地，所述废旧气凝胶材料、溶剂、分散剂与表面活性剂的质量比为1∶（1-2）∶（0.5-1.5）∶（0.02-0.5）。
较好地，所述废旧气凝胶材料为纤维增强气凝胶毡，其中的气凝胶为SiO2气凝胶、TiO2气凝胶、Al2O3气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶中的一种或几种，纤维为玻璃纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、氧化锆纤维、预氧丝纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维中的一种或几种。所述纤维增强气凝胶毡可以来自纤维增强气凝胶毡本体，或者来自含有纤维增强气凝胶毡的板、纸、垫或片，此时需要对这些板、纸、垫或片进行简单预处理--除去外在材质只保留其中的毡体；所述废旧是指毡本体、板、纸、垫、片的不合格品或废料。较好地，所述溶剂为水或乙醇；所述分散剂为三聚磷酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸铵盐、聚甲基丙烯酸中的一种或多种；所述表面活性剂为阳离子表面活性剂。
较好地，所述阳离子表面活性剂为双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵、二烷基酯羟乙基甲基硫酸甲酯铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵中的一种或多种。
较好地，步骤（2）中，共浸泡30min -4h。
较好地，所述纤维材料为纤维原丝或纤维丝束，所述纤维丝束是由10-20根直径8-20µm的纤维原丝集合成的丝束；并且当步骤（2）中的纤维材料为原丝时，浸泡完成后可以先把纤维原丝集合成丝束，再将纤维丝束形成纤维毡坯；当步骤（2）中的纤维材料为纤维丝束时，浸泡完成后直接将纤维丝束形成纤维毡坯。所述纤维材料为玻璃纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、氧化锆纤维、预氧丝纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维中的一种或几种。
较好地，粘结剂与纤维毡坯的质量比为（5-10） ∶100；所述粘结剂为硅溶胶、铝溶胶、钠水玻璃、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、丙烯酸乳液、乳胶粉、改性淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种；当粘结剂为液体形态时，将其直接喷涂在纤维毡坯外表面；当粘结剂为固体形态时，将其溶解或分散在溶剂中以溶液形式喷涂在纤维毡坯外表面。
较好地，步骤（4）中，所述烘干温度为80-240℃，烘干时间为1-10h。
一种前述制备方法制得的具备隔热性能的纤维毡。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明采用湿法对废旧气凝胶材料进行破碎，与纯机械粉碎方法相比，本发明的方法提高了废旧气凝胶毡材料的利用率，因为直接机械破碎会使气凝胶材料上的大部分气凝胶粉因机械振动而抖落，从而在纤维增强体上分布的气凝胶组分减少，而采用湿法破碎会一定程度上减弱振动作用，进而减少气凝胶粉从纤维增强体上抖落，同时，被抖落的气凝胶粉散落在溶剂中，不会产生粉尘污染；
2、本发明制备纤维毡的过程中，纤维材料经过浸泡处理，其表面黏附有含气凝胶成分的纤维团簇，该纤维团簇是由废旧气凝胶材料经过破碎制得，然后浸泡处理过的纤维材料再形成纤维毡坯，其中纤维材料之间被含有气凝胶成分的纤维团簇占据，因此纤维材料之间不直接进行接触，由此，阻止了热量在纤维材料之间发生热传导，使得最终制备的纤维毡具备很好的隔热性能；
3、在本发明中，不仅在纤维本体上具有隔热材料气凝胶，还使用具有一定耐热性能的粘结剂进行纤维粘接，因此，制得的纤维毡具备较优的隔热性能，在高温下不易产生气体副产物，可以用作真空隔热板材的芯材。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更加清楚、明确，以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、将废旧气凝胶材料投入到破碎机中进行破碎得到碎块，此时向破碎机中加入溶剂、分散剂、表面活性剂，搅拌混合，再继续破碎制成浆料；所述废旧气凝胶材料、溶剂、分散剂与表面活性剂的质量比为1∶1∶0.5∶0.02；所述废旧气凝胶材料为预氧丝纤维增强SiO2气凝胶毡不合格品；所述溶剂为去离子水；所述分散剂为三聚磷酸钠；所述表面活性剂为双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵（山东国化化学有限公司）；
（2）、取预氧丝纤维原丝浸泡在上述浆料中，共浸泡2h，浸泡时预氧丝纤维原丝同时做旋转转动，这样能够增加浆料在预氧丝纤维原丝上的附着量；
（3）、浸泡完成后将10根直径15µm的预氧丝纤维原丝集合成丝束，然后再将丝束在网带上交错分布形成纤维毡坯；
（4）、将粘结剂喷涂在纤维毡坯外表面，经过烘干，然后平整、切边、收卷得到具备隔热性能的纤维毡；粘结剂与纤维毡坯的质量比为5∶100；所述粘结剂为硅溶胶；所述烘干温度为80℃，烘干时间为6h。
本例生产得到的纤维毡在常温下的导热系数为0.0351（W/m·K）。
实施例2
一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、将废旧气凝胶材料投入到破碎机中进行破碎得到碎块，此时向破碎机中加入溶剂、分散剂、表面活性剂，搅拌混合，再继续破碎制成浆料；所述废旧气凝胶材料、溶剂、分散剂与表面活性剂的质量比为1∶1.5∶1∶0.02；所述废旧气凝胶材料为硅酸铝纤维增强SiO2气凝胶毡（来自含有硅酸铝纤维增强SiO2气凝胶毡的气凝胶片废料，应用之前除去外包装材质只保留其中的硅酸铝纤维增强SiO2气凝胶毡）；所述溶剂为去离子水；所述分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠；所述表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵；
（2）、取硅酸铝纤维原丝浸泡在上述浆料中，共浸泡1.5h，浸泡时硅酸铝纤维原丝同时做旋转转动；
（3）、浸泡完成后将10根直径20µm的硅酸铝纤维原丝集合成丝束，然后再将丝束在网带上交错分布形成纤维毡坯；
（4）、将粘结剂喷涂在纤维毡坯外表面，经过烘干、平整、切边、收卷，得到纤维毡；粘结剂与纤维毡坯的质量比为8∶100；所述粘结剂为铝溶胶；所述烘干温度为120℃，烘干时间为8h。
本例生产得到的纤维毡在常温下的导热系数为0.0305（W/m·K）。
实施例3
一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、将废旧气凝胶材料投入到破碎机中进行破碎得到碎块，此时向破碎机中加入溶剂、分散剂、表面活性剂，搅拌混合，再继续破碎制成浆料；所述废旧气凝胶材料、溶剂、分散剂与表面活性剂的质量比为1∶2∶1.5∶0.4；所述废旧气凝胶材料为莫来石纤维增强Al2O3气凝胶毡（来自含有莫来石纤维增强Al2O3气凝胶毡的气凝胶垫不合格品，应用之前除去外包装材质只保留其中的莫来石纤维增强Al2O3气凝胶毡）；所述溶剂为无水乙醇；所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵盐；所述表面活性剂为二烷基酯羟乙基甲基硫酸甲酯铵（天津红太阳化工有限公司）；
（2）、取莫来石纤维原丝浸泡在上述浆料中，共浸泡3h；
（3）、浸泡完成后将20根直径8µm的莫来石纤维原丝集合成丝束，然后再将丝束在网带上交错分布形成纤维毡坯；
（4）、将粘结剂喷涂在纤维毡坯外表面，经过烘干、平整、切边、收卷，得到纤维毡；粘结剂与纤维毡坯的质量比为10∶100；所述粘结剂为丙烯酸乳液；所述烘干温度为110℃，烘干时间为2h。
本例生产得到的纤维毡在常温下的导热系数为0.0321（W/m·K）。
实施例4
与实施例1的区别在于，步骤（2）和步骤（3）的具体过程如下：
（2）、首先将10根直径15µm的预氧丝纤维原丝集合成丝束，然后取丝束浸泡在上述浆料中，共浸泡2h，浸泡时丝束同时做旋转转动，这样能够增加浆料在丝束上的附着量；
（3）、浸泡完成后，将丝束在网带上交错分布形成纤维毡坯；
其它均同实施例1。
本例生产得到的纤维毡在常温下的导热系数为0.0358（W/m·K）。

Claims (3)

1.一种具备隔热性能的纤维毡的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
（1）、将废旧气凝胶材料进行破碎得到碎块，此时将碎块与溶剂、分散剂、表面活性剂，搅拌混合，再继续破碎制成浆料；
（2）、取纤维材料浸泡在上述浆料中；
（3）、浸泡完成后，纤维材料表面黏附有含气凝胶成分的纤维团簇，然后将浸泡处理过的纤维材料形成纤维毡坯，其中纤维材料之间被含有气凝胶成分的纤维团簇占据，纤维材料之间不直接进行接触，阻止了热量在纤维材料之间发生热传导；
（4）、将粘结剂喷涂在纤维毡坯外表面，烘干即得具备隔热性能的纤维毡；
步骤（1）中，所述废旧气凝胶材料、溶剂、分散剂与表面活性剂的质量比为1∶（1-2）∶（0.5-1.5）∶（0.02-0.5），所述废旧气凝胶材料为纤维增强气凝胶毡；所述溶剂为水或乙醇；所述分散剂为三聚磷酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸铵盐、聚甲基丙烯酸中的一种或多种；所述表面活性剂为阳离子表面活性剂，所述阳离子表面活性剂为双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵、二烷基酯羟乙基甲基硫酸甲酯铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵中的一种或多种；
步骤（2）中，所述纤维材料为纤维原丝或纤维丝束，共浸泡30min-4h；
步骤（4）中，粘结剂与纤维毡坯的质量比为（5-10） ∶100；烘干温度为80-240℃，烘干时间为1-10h；所述粘结剂为硅溶胶、铝溶胶、钠水玻璃、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、丙烯酸乳液、乳胶粉、改性淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种；当粘结剂为液体形态时，将其直接喷涂在纤维毡坯外表面；当粘结剂为固体形态时，将其溶解或分散在溶剂中以溶液形式喷涂在纤维毡坯外表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的具备隔热性能的纤维毡的制备方法，其特征在于：所述纤维丝束是由10-20根直径8-20µm的纤维原丝集合成的丝束。
3.一种利用如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法制备的具备隔热性能的纤维毡。
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