CN114805761A - 哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物、制备方法及碘吸附应用方法 - Google Patents
哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物、制备方法及碘吸附应用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物、制备方法及碘吸附应用方法,加工方法如下:采用三(4‑硼酸频呐醇酯苯基)胺和3,6‑二溴哒嗪在零价四三苯基磷钯催化下于N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺和2M的碳酸钾水溶液混合溶剂中温和进行Suzuki聚合反应,得到纳米级的共轭微孔聚合物;开创性的引入了富氮的哒嗪官能团,制成对碘元素具有较好吸附作用的有机多孔材料,由于氮元素对碘具有很强的亲和性,通过该制备过程,使得共轭微孔聚合物分子骨架上富氮化;骨架上大量的氮元素,使得对碘具有很好的吸附作用;共轭微孔聚合物分子结构为共轭刚性结构,热稳定高,耐溶剂性好,具有较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸附材料技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物、制备方法及碘吸附应用方法。
背景技术
放射性碘129I、131I不仅在医学诊断和治疗上有诸多应用,同时也是核工业(尤其是核发电站)产生的有害核元素。随着核工业及医学的飞速发展,尤其是核电站的不断修建,如何及时高效的处理产生的放射性碘废料是人们目前亟待解决的一个关键问题。
一般对放射性碘的处理方式主要有化学沉淀、离子交换、膜分离、分子吸附等。其中,以活性炭材料、介孔硅、分子筛及金属-有机框架为代表的多孔性材料通过吸附捕捉放射性碘的途径最为常见。该方法具有操作简单、能耗低、吸附速度快及可循环再生使用等优点。由于氮元素对碘具有很好的亲和性,因此目前传统工业上对放射性碘的捕捉主要是通过将各种有机胺(如三乙基二胺)通过不同处理手段负载到多孔材料(如活性炭或沸石)表面使之功能化。通过此处理方式,多孔材料对放射性碘具有较好的选择性和较高的吸附量;制备工艺也比较简单。但此种通过简单的浸渍法获得的功能化碘吸附多孔材料也有很多不足之处。如三乙基二胺是低分子有机化合物,容易升华,且由于缺乏与多孔材料表面较强的相互作用,导致浸渍后的多孔材料随着使用时间的延长使得碘吸附效率明显降低;碘吸附过程具有放热效用,采用易挥发/升华的有机胺处理方式,容易产生其他安全隐患;制备的多孔材料循环使用性较差,且吸附的碘容易解吸,造成二次污染。
近年来,随着有机多孔材料的不断发展,使得人们将眼光逐渐投向了这一类新型多孔材料。有机多孔材料除了具备传统无机多孔材料的特点以外,自身还具有如下独特优势:①以有机小分子模块为构建单元,极大的增强了多孔材料的分子设计性及调控性,能够将对碘元素具有亲和性的分子结构(如氮、硫等)方便的引入到多孔骨架当中;②方便在有机骨架上引入二次反应位点,对后期进一步材料的功能化提供了极大的便利;③多孔骨架为共价键形成的三维网状空间结构,具有很好的化学稳定性和热稳定性;④由于采用的是有机分子为骨架,质量轻。
然而目前并没有一种能够对碘元素具有较好吸附作用的有机多孔材料,基于此,本发明提供了一种含哒嗪官能团的共轭微孔材料及其制备方法,并将其应用于碘的吸附。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,针对现有技术的上述缺陷,提供一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物、制备方法及碘吸附应用方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
构造一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法,其加工方法如下:
采用三(4-硼酸频呐醇酯苯基)胺和3,6-二溴哒嗪在零价四三苯基磷钯催化下于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和2M的碳酸钾水溶液混合溶剂中温和进行Suzuki聚合反应,得到纳米级的共轭微孔聚合物。
本发明所述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法,其中,采用的加工方法为:
将等官能团比的三(4-硼酸频呐醇酯苯基)胺和3,6-二溴哒嗪在零价金属钯的催化下于二甲基甲酰胺和2M碳酸钾水溶液的混合溶剂中,在90~150℃下反应24~48小时,形成纳米级的共轭微孔聚合物。
本发明所述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法,其中,三(4-硼酸频呢醇酯苯基)胺、3,6-二溴哒嗪、四(三苯基)磷钯、二甲基甲酰胺、2M碳酸钾水溶液的重量份数分别为:三(4-硼酸频呢醇酯苯基)胺为100~200mg、3,6-二溴哒嗪为100~130mg、四(三苯基)磷钯为5~15mg、二甲基甲酰胺为10~20mL、2M碳酸钾水溶液为3~5mL。
本发明所述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法,其中,所述三(4-硼酸频呢醇酯苯基)胺为166.1mg、3,6-二溴哒嗪为94.4mg、四(三苯基)磷钯为15mg、二甲基甲酰胺为15mL、2M碳酸钾水溶液为3mL,所述反应时间为48小时,所述反应温度为100℃。
一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物,其中,所述哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物根据上述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法制成。
本发明所述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物,其中,所述哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的分子结构式如下:
其中,分子结构中包括三苯胺、哒嗪基团,三苯胺、哒嗪基团的分子结构式分别如下所示:
一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的碘吸附应用方法,其应用方法包括:应用如上述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物对放射性碘129I和/或131I进行吸附。
本发明的有益效果在于:开创性的引入了富氮的哒嗪官能团,制成对碘元素具有较好吸附作用的有机多孔材料,由于氮元素对碘具有很强的亲和性,通过该制备过程,使得共轭微孔聚合物分子骨架上富氮化;骨架上大量的氮元素,使得对碘具有很好的吸附作用;共轭微孔聚合物分子结构为共轭刚性结构,热稳定高,耐溶剂性好,具有较好的应用前景。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的部分实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图:
图1是本发明较佳实施例的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物合成流程示意图;
图2是本发明较佳实施例的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的13C固体核磁光谱图;
图3是本发明较佳实施例的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物透射电镜图;
图4是本发明较佳实施例的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物对气态碘蒸气的吸附效果图;
图5是本发明较佳实施例的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物对碘-环己烷溶液的吸附效果图;
图6是本发明较佳实施例的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物循环使用图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:
本发明较佳实施例的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法,如图1所示,包括其加工方法如下:
采用三(4-硼酸频呐醇酯苯基)胺和3,6-二溴哒嗪在零价四三苯基磷钯催化下于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和2M的碳酸钾水溶液混合溶剂中温和进行Suzuki聚合反应,得到纳米级的共轭微孔聚合物;
开创性的引入了富氮的哒嗪官能团,制成对碘元素具有较好吸附作用的有机多孔材料,由于氮元素对碘具有很强的亲和性,通过该制备过程,使得共轭微孔聚合物分子骨架上富氮化;骨架上大量的氮元素,使得对碘具有很好的吸附作用;共轭微孔聚合物分子结构为共轭刚性结构,热稳定高,耐溶剂性好,具有较好的应用前景。
产品1:
将等官能团比的三(4-硼酸频呐醇酯苯基)胺166.1mg和3,6-二溴哒嗪95.2mg在零价金属钯5mg的催化下于二甲基甲酰胺10mL和2M碳酸钾水溶液3mL的混合溶剂中,在90℃下反应24小时,形成纳米级的共轭微孔聚合物;
产品2:
将等官能团比的三(4-硼酸频呐醇酯苯基)胺332.2mg和3,6-二溴哒嗪190.4mg在零价金属钯15mg的催化下于二甲基甲酰胺20mL和2M碳酸钾水溶液5mL的混合溶剂中,在150℃下反应48小时,形成纳米级的共轭微孔聚合物;
产品3:
将等官能团比的三(4-硼酸频呐醇酯苯基)胺83.05mg和3,6-二溴哒嗪47.6mg在零价金属钯15mg的催化下于二甲基甲酰胺15mL和2M碳酸钾水溶液的混合溶剂3mL中,在100℃下反应48小时,形成纳米级的共轭微孔聚合物;
上述三种比例以及反应条件均可制得哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物,当然,可以理解的是在本申请的条件范围内还可以有其他比例方式,基于该种原理的简单替换均属于本申请保护范畴;
实验说明如下:
实验一:
1.实验材料
实施例1中的产品2的条件制备得到的共轭微孔聚合物、碘蒸气。
2.实验方法
(1)取五个同等规格的称量瓶,分别清洗干净,置于烘箱中干燥24小时至恒温,编号为1~5。
(2)向烘干后的称量瓶中加入适量碘,备用。
(3)取五个敞口玻璃器皿,分别清洗干净,置于烘箱中干燥24小时至恒温,并分别称取各器皿质量,记录。
(4)分别称取一定质量(约5mg)样品,置于敞口玻璃器皿中,再将各玻璃器皿对应的放入含有碘的1~5号称量瓶后密闭整个体系。
(5)将称量瓶放入烘箱,在80℃恒温环境中按一定时间间隔静置一段时间后取出,再置于冰箱中冷却5min,取出各玻璃器皿称量捕获碘后的含有样品的玻璃器皿的质量,并记录。
(6)重复上述操作,直至碘捕获量不再增加为止。
3.实验结果
从图4可以看到,对于碘蒸气,本发明的共轭微孔聚合物能迅速大量的吸附环境中的碘蒸气,吸附量可达3.25g/g,具有很好的碘吸附作用。
实验二:
1、实验材料
实施例1中的产品3的条件制备得到的共轭微孔聚合物、不同浓度的环己烷碘溶液
2、实验方法
(1)前期准备五个100mL棕色容量瓶用来配置各个浓度的碘溶液,五个移液管,透明玻璃瓶若干,烧杯若干,洗净备用。
(2)配置五个浓度的碘-环己烷溶(100mg/L,200mg/L,300mg/L,400mg/L,500mg/L)。选用适当容量的移液管精确量取一定量的碘-环己烷母液于100mL棕色容量瓶,加入适量环己烷溶液到刻度线定容,摇匀备用。
(3)实施例1中的共轭微孔聚合物吸附环己烷溶液中的碘的操作步骤:精确称量5mg聚合物,放置与透明玻璃瓶中。编号CMP-100、CMP-200、CMP-300、CMP-400、CMP-500。加入对应浓度的环己烷碘溶液10mL,然后将玻璃瓶密封静置,在避光环境中等待聚合物吸附24小时。吸附结束以后打开玻璃瓶,吸取上层清液离心振荡。吸取清液于比色皿中,通过紫外分光光度计测量出溶液的吸光度。得到吸光度以后对比事先做好的碘-环己烷标准曲线就可以知道吸附后溶液的碘浓度,进而计算得到聚合物对碘分子的吸附量。
3、实验结果
从图5可以看到,对于环己烷中的游离碘分子,本发明的共轭微孔聚合物仍然具有较好的吸附值。初始浓度为500mg/L的环己烷碘溶液,经过24h吸附后,吸附值可达338mg/g。
实验三:
将实验一中已经吸附了碘分子的共轭微孔聚合物经乙醇反复多次萃取后,进行循环使用测试。
从图6可以看到,本发明的共轭微孔聚合物具有很好的再生性,经过5次的循环使用后,其吸附值基本不变。
实施例2:
一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物,其中,哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物根据上述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法制成,哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的分子结构式如下:
其中,分子结构中包括三苯胺、哒嗪基团,三苯胺、哒嗪基团的分子结构式分别如下所示:
实施例3:
一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的碘吸附应用方法,其应用方法包括:应用如上述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物对放射性碘129I和/或131I进行吸附。
应当理解的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制,尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换,而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,加工方法如下:
采用三(4-硼酸频呐醇酯苯基)胺和3,6-二溴哒嗪在零价四三苯基磷钯催化下于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和2M的碳酸钾水溶液混合溶剂中温和进行Suzuki聚合反应,得到纳米级的共轭微孔聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,采用的加工方法为:
将等官能团比的三(4-硼酸频呐醇酯苯基)胺和3,6-二溴哒嗪在零价金属钯的催化下于二甲基甲酰胺和2M碳酸钾水溶液的混合溶剂中,在90~150℃下反应24~48小时,形成纳米级的共轭微孔聚合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,三(4-硼酸频呢醇酯苯基)胺、3,6-二溴哒嗪、四(三苯基)磷钯、二甲基甲酰胺、2M碳酸钾水溶液的重量份数分别为:三(4-硼酸频呢醇酯苯基)胺为100~200mg、3,6-二溴哒嗪为100~130mg、四(三苯基)磷钯为5~15mg、二甲基甲酰胺为10~20mL、2M碳酸钾水溶液为3~5mL。
4.根据权利要求3所述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述三(4-硼酸频呢醇酯苯基)胺为166.1mg、3,6-二溴哒嗪为94.4mg、四(三苯基)磷钯为15mg、二甲基甲酰胺为15mL、2M碳酸钾水溶液为3mL,所述反应时间为48小时,所述反应温度为100℃。
5.一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物,其特征在于,所述哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物根据权利要求1-4任一所述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的制备方法制成。
7.一种哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物的碘吸附应用方法,其特征在于,应用方法包括:应用如权利要求5或6所述的哒嗪基共轭微孔聚合物对放射性碘129I和/或131I进行吸附。
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