CN114804910A - Industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an industrial and agricultural city solid waste base ceramsite and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization. The invention provides a preparation method of industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite, which comprises the following raw materials: the composite material comprises a binder, municipal sludge, an organic carbonaceous mixture (straw and garden waste) and a coal-based solid waste homogeneous body (mechanically activated fly ash, coal gangue and desulfurized gypsum). The invention utilizes the heat values of the coal gangue, the municipal sludge, the garden waste and the straws and the performance of the reaction gas released in the roasting to regulate and control the ceramsite, and utilizes the characteristic that minerals in the coal gangue are used as a framework to enhance the strength of the ceramsite; the activity and the porous structure of the aluminum-silicon components of the fly ash and the municipal sludge and the gelling property of the desulfurized gypsum are utilized to optimize the pore structure of the ceramsite; the adsorption and removal performance of the ceramsite on sewage and waste gas is enhanced by utilizing the activity and the porous characteristic of the organic carbon mixture obtained after the garden waste and the straws are carbonized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, in particular to an industrial and agricultural urban solid waste base ceramsite and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The solid waste mainly comprises industrial solid waste, urban solid waste and agricultural solid waste, wherein the industrial large amount of solid waste mainly comprises coal gangue, coal ash, tailings, smelting slag, desulfurized gypsum and the like. The agricultural solid wastes mainly comprise straws, agricultural films and the like. The urban solid waste mainly comprises domestic waste, urban sludge, construction waste, garden waste, medical waste and the like, and the method has the advantages of industrial-span, regional-span synergistic, resource treatment and comprehensive utilization of the large amount of main solid waste in the industrial and agricultural cities, treats the waste by the waste and becomes an effective means and method for solving the solid waste.
As a light aggregate, the ceramsite can replace common sandstone to prepare light aggregate concrete, has wide application in the departments of building, environmental protection, metallurgy, chemical industry, petroleum, agriculture and the like, and the preparation of the ceramsite by taking solid wastes as raw materials is an important resource treatment and comprehensive utilization way. For example, chinese patent CN106495731A discloses a ceramsite produced from river, lake and sea sludge and shell powder, which comprises the following raw materials: shell powder, kaolin, grass carbon ash, siliceous shale, furnace slag, fly ash, zeolite, sludge in rivers, lakes and seas and peat. The ceramsite has good sewage treatment effect, and is particularly suitable for adsorption of heavy metal substances; the paint is also suitable for building materials, and can adsorb harmful substances generated in the building decoration process; the problem of environmental pollution caused by stacking of a large amount of waste shells can be solved, and the environment is protected. However, the cylinder pressure strength of the ceramsite is below 4.8MPa, and the cylinder pressure strength is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an industrial and agricultural city solid waste ceramsite and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite, which comprises the following preparation raw materials: a ceramsite base material and a binder;
the ceramsite base material comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-40% of municipal sludge, 10-15% of organic carbon mixture and 45-60% of coal-based solid waste homogeneous body; the municipal sludge is on a dry weight basis;
the preparation raw materials of the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body comprise mechanically activated fly ash, coal gangue and desulfurized gypsum;
the raw materials for preparing the organic carbon mixture comprise straws and garden waste.
Preferably, the granularity of the industrial and agricultural city solid waste-based ceramsite is 10-20 mm.
Preferably, the water content of the municipal sludge is 55-65 wt%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the mechanically activated fly ash to the coal gangue to the desulfurized gypsum is (50-70): 20-25): 10-25);
d of the mechanically activated fly ash 90 The particle size is-30 mu m, the ignition loss is 4.0-12.0%, and the water content is 2-3 wt%;
the granularity of the coal gangue is 0-4.75 mm and is not 0 mm;
the loss on ignition of the desulfurized gypsum is 10-23%, and the water content is 5-12 wt%.
Preferably, the coal gangue is graded coal gangue, and the graded coal gangue comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of fine-grain coal gangue, 15-20% of small-grain coal gangue, 15-20% of medium-grain coal gangue and 35-40% of coarse-grain coal gangue; the grain diameter of the fine-grained coal gangue is 0-0.6 mm; the grain diameter of the small-size coal gangue is +0.6 to-1.18 mm; the grain diameter of the coal gangue with the medium size fraction is +1.18 to-2.36 mm; the grain diameter of the coarse-grained coal gangue is +2.36 to-4.75 mm.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the straws to the garden waste is 1 (0.5-0.8).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the ceramsite base material to the binder is 1: (0.01-0.03);
the binder comprises water glass or a sodium silicate-sodium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution; the Baume degree of the water glass is 39-40 degrees; the modulus of the sodium silicate-sodium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution is 1.5-3.
The invention provides a preparation method of the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite by the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) homogenizing straw and garden waste, and carbonizing to obtain an organic carbon mixture;
(2) homogenizing the mechanically activated fly ash, the coal gangue and the desulfurized gypsum to obtain a coal-based solid waste homogeneous body;
(3) mixing the municipal sludge, the organic carbon mixture and the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body to obtain a ceramsite base material;
(4) mixing the ceramsite base material with a binder, pressing into balls, and roasting to obtain the solid waste base ceramsite of the industrial and agricultural cities;
the step (1) and the step (2) have no chronological order.
Preferably, the carbonization temperature is 550-650 ℃, and the carbonization time is 30-45 min;
the roasting comprises a preheating stage, a heating stage and a roasting stage which are sequentially carried out; the temperature of the preheating stage is 25-150 ℃, and the time is 15-20 min; the heating rate of the heating stage is 20-30 ℃/min, and the temperature after heating is 350-450 ℃; the temperature of the roasting stage is 1050-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-25 min, and the roasting atmosphere is protective atmosphere.
The invention provides the application of the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite prepared by the technical scheme or the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite prepared by the preparation method in sewage treatment or waste gas treatment.
The invention provides an industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite, which comprises the following preparation raw materials: a ceramsite base material and a binder; the ceramsite base material comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-40% of municipal sludge, 10-15% of organic carbon mixture and 45-60% of coal-based solid waste homogeneous body; the preparation raw materials of the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body comprise mechanically activated fly ash, coal gangue and desulfurized gypsum; the raw materials for preparing the organic carbon mixture comprise straws and garden waste. The invention synergistically utilizes industrial solid waste (coal gangue, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum) and urban solid waste (city)Municipal sludge and garden waste) and agricultural solid waste (straw), fully exerts the characteristics of the raw materials of the solid waste, utilizes the heat values of the coal gangue, the municipal sludge, the garden waste and the straw and gradually releases reaction gas (H) in roasting 2 O、CO 2 、CO、SO 2 ) The performance of the ceramsite is controlled and adjusted, and the strength of the ceramsite is enhanced by using the characteristic that minerals in the coal gangue are used as a framework; the activity and the porous structure of the aluminum-silicon components of the fly ash and the municipal sludge and the gelling property of the desulfurized gypsum are utilized to optimize the pore structure of the ceramsite; the activity and the porous characteristic of the organic carbon mixture after the garden waste and the straws are carbonized are utilized to enhance the adsorption and purification activity of the ceramsite on sewage and waste gas. As shown in the example test results: the cylinder pressure strength of the industrial and agricultural city solid waste-based ceramsite provided by the invention is 5.9-6.5 MPa, and the bulk density is 659-736 kg/m 3 The water absorption rate of 1 hour is 6.8-7.4%, the porosity is 61-68%, and the specific surface area is (5-5.5) × 10 5 cm 2 In terms of PO,/g 4 3- 、Pb 2+ 、Cd 2+ And Cu 2+ The removal rates of the catalyst are respectively 91.3-94.5%, 71.7-76.3%, 64.1-67.2% and 86.9-89.3%.
The invention provides a preparation method of the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite by the technical scheme. The preparation method provided by the invention takes industrial solid waste, urban solid waste and agricultural solid waste as preparation raw materials, has wide raw material sources and low cost, is suitable for industrial production, realizes resource utilization of the solid waste, reduces the pollution of the solid waste to the environment, and has good social and economic benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing an organic carbonaceous mixture;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a coal-based solid waste homogeneous body;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste-based ceramsite.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite, which comprises the following preparation raw materials: a ceramsite base material and a binder. In the invention, the ceramsite base material comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-40% of municipal sludge, preferably 32-38%, more preferably 34-36%, and further preferably 35%; 10-15% of organic carbon mixture, preferably 10.5-14.5%, more preferably 11-14%, and further preferably 12-13%; 45-60% of the coal-based solid waste homogenized body, preferably 48-58%, more preferably 50-55%, and further preferably 52-53%.
In the invention, the water content of the municipal sludge is preferably 55-65 wt%, more preferably 58-62 wt%, and further preferably 60 wt%; the municipal sludge is preferably dewatered sludge of a domestic sewage treatment plant; the dewatered sludge is preferably obtained by dewatering sludge of a domestic sewage treatment plant; the water content of the sludge of the domestic sewage treatment plant is preferably 65-80 wt%, and more preferably 70-75 wt%; the dehydration temperature is preferably 25-100 ℃, more preferably 75-90 ℃, the dehydration time is not particularly limited, and the water content of the urban sludge obtained by dehydration is 55-65 wt%; the municipal sludge contains certain SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 The components are dehydrated under the conditions, and organic matters in the sludge are also burnt and changed into a substance containing a certain porous structure. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the main chemical components of the municipal sludge are preferably as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 main chemical composition of sludge (dry weight)
| Chemical composition | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 | Fe 2 O 3 | CaO | MgO | K 2 O | Na 2 O | TiO 2 | P 2 O 5 |
| Mass content/%) | 24.72 | 21.39 | 12.90 | 15.79 | 4.80 | 2.80 | 1.50 | 1.05 | 14.05 |
In the invention, the preparation raw materials of the organic carbon mixture preferably comprise straws and garden waste; the straw preferably comprises corn straw and/or wheat straw; the garden waste preferably comprises pruned branches of urban gardens. In the invention, the mass ratio of the straws to the garden waste is preferably 1 (0.5-0.8), more preferably 1 (0.55-0.75), and even more preferably 1 (0.6-0.7). In the embodiment of the present invention, the main components of the corn stalks are preferably as shown in table 2, and the results of the elemental analysis of the garden waste are preferably as shown in table 3:
TABLE 2 major constituents of corn stover
| Item | Moisture content | Volatile component(s) | Ash content | Fixed carbon |
| Mass content/%) | 3.48～5.37 | 71.21～72.36 | 4.48～5.50 | 17.51～17.86 |
TABLE 3 elemental analysis results of garden waste
| Composition (I) | C | O | N | H | S |
| Mass content/%) | 36.19 | 58.15 | 1.08 | 4.37 | 0.21 |
In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body comprise mechanically activated fly ash, coal gangue and desulfurized gypsum; the mass ratio of the mechanically activated fly ash to the coal gangue to the desulfurized gypsum is preferably (50-70): 20-25): 10-25), more preferably (55-65): 21-24): 12-22, and further preferably (60-62): 22-23): 15-20.
In the present invention, D of the mechanically activated fly ash 90 The particle size is preferably-30 μm (i.e. the mass fraction of particles with a particle size of less than 30 μm is 90%); the ignition loss of the mechanically activated fly ash is preferably 4.0-12.0%, more preferably 5-10%, and further preferably 7-8%; the water content is preferably 2-3 wt%, more preferably 2.2-2.8 wt%, and further preferably 2.4-2.5 wt%; the apparent density of the mechanically activated fly ash is preferably 2100-2250 kg/m 3 More preferably 2110 to 2240kg/m 3 More preferably 2120 to 2230kg/m 3 . In the invention, the mechanically activated fly ash is preferably obtained by carrying out mechanical activation and grinding treatment on fly ash; the mechanical activation milling treatment is preferably carried out in a ball mill. In the invention, the material particle shape of the mechanically activated fly ash is preferably bead-shaped particles and/or amorphous slag-shaped particles, and the bead-shaped particles preferably comprise floating beads, mother-son beads, compact beads and iron-rich beads; the amorphous slag-like particles include sponge-like glass bodies and carbon particles. In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the chemical composition of the fly ash is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 chemical composition of fly ash
| Chemical composition | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 | Fe 2 O 3 | CaO | MgO | K 2 O | TiO 2 | Loss on ignition |
| Mass content/%) | 45.85 | 27.75 | 3.61 | 1.64 | 1.63 | 0.14 | 1.06 | 18.32 |
In the invention, the granularity of the coal gangue is preferably 0-4.75 mm; the coal gangue is preferably graded coal gangue, and the graded coal gangue preferably comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of fine-grained coal gangue, more preferably 31-34%, and further preferably 32-33%; 15-20% of small-size coal gangue, more preferably 16-19%, and further preferably 17-18%; 15-20% of medium-size coal gangue, more preferably 16-19%, and further preferably 17-18%; 35-40% of coarse-fraction coal gangue, more preferably 36-39%, and further preferably 37-38%; the grain diameter of the fine-grained coal gangue is 0-0.6 mm; the grain diameter of the small-size coal gangue is +0.6 to-1.18 mm; the grain diameter of the coal gangue with the medium size fraction is +1.18 to-2.36 mm; the grain diameter of the coarse-grained coal gangue is +2.36 to-4.75 mm; wherein, -represents less than, + represents not less than.
In the present invention, the preparation method of the graded coal gangue preferably comprises the following steps: crushing, grinding, screening and grading the coal gangue (the granularity is less than or equal to 100mm) to obtain graded coal gangue; the invention has no special limitation on the crushing, ore grinding, screening and grading treatment, and the graded coal gangue can be obtained. In the embodiment of the invention, the coal gangue is preferably solid waste discharged from coal mining and washing processing, the main phase components are preferably quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, montmorillonite, chlorite, mica, pyrite and siderite, and the main components are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 chemical composition of coal gangue
| Chemical composition | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 | Fe 2 O 3 | CaO | MgO | K 2 O | TiO 2 |
| Mass content/%) | 55.00～70.00 | 12.00～38.00 | 2.28～14.63 | 0.42～2.32 | 0.44～2.41 | 0.6～3.2 | 0.9～4.0 |
In the invention, the ignition loss of the desulfurized gypsum is preferably 10-23%, more preferably 12-20%, and further preferably 15-18%; the water content of the desulfurized gypsum is preferably 5-12 wt%, more preferably 6-10 wt%, and more preferably 8-9 wt%; the apparent density of the desulfurized gypsum is preferably 1100-1238 kg/m 3 More preferably 1150 to 1220kg/m 3 More preferably 1180 to 1200kg/m 3 . In a specific embodiment of the invention, the desulfurized gypsum is desulfurized gypsum discharged by a gangue power plant, and the main phase component of the desulfurized gypsum is CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, also contains a small amount of CaSO 4 ·0.5H 2 O and CaCO 3 . In the specific example of the present invention, the chemical composition of the desulfurized gypsum is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 chemical composition of desulfurized Gypsum
| Component (A) | CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O | CaSO 4 ·0.5H 2 O | CaCO 3 | Water content | Others |
| Mass content% | 77.34 | 5.64 | 3.61 | 10.32 | 3.09 |
In the present invention, the binder preferably comprises water glass or a sodium silicate-sodium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution; the Baume degree of the water glass is preferably 39-40 degrees, and more preferably 39.5 degrees; the modulus of the sodium silicate-sodium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution is preferably 1.5-3, and more preferably 2-2.5.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the ceramsite base material to the binder is preferably 1: (0.01 to 0.03), more preferably 1: (0.015 to 0.025), and more preferably 1: 0.02.
in the invention, the granularity of the industrial and agricultural solid waste-based ceramsite is preferably 10-20 mm, more preferably 12-18 mm, and further preferably 14-16 mm.
The invention provides a preparation method of the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite by the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) homogenizing straw and garden waste, and carbonizing to obtain an organic carbon mixture;
(2) homogenizing the mechanically activated fly ash, the coal gangue and the desulfurized gypsum to obtain a coal-based solid waste homogeneous body;
(3) mixing the municipal sludge, the organic carbon mixture and the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body to obtain a ceramsite base material;
(4) mixing the ceramsite base material with a binder, pressing into balls, and roasting to obtain the solid waste base ceramsite of the industrial and agricultural cities;
the step (1) and the step (2) have no chronological order.
In the present invention, all the raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
The invention carries out homogenization treatment on straws and garden wastes and then charrs the straws and the garden wastes to obtain the organic carbon mixture. In the invention, the flow chart of the preparation process of the organic carbon mixture is shown in figure 1. In the present invention, it is preferable to crush the straw and the garden waste before the homogenization treatment, and the crushing is preferably performed in a shear crusher until the particle size is less than 50 mm. In the present invention, the homogenization treatment is preferably performed in a screw mixer, and the rotation speed of the homogenization treatment is preferably 45 to 75r/min, more preferably 50 to 70r/min, and still more preferably 60 r/min; the time for the homogenization treatment is preferably 3 to 5min, more preferably 3.5 to 4.5min, and still more preferably 4 min. In the invention, the carbonization temperature is preferably 550-650 ℃, more preferably 580-620 ℃, and further preferably 600 ℃; the carbonization time is preferably 30-45 min, more preferably 32-42 min, and further preferably 35-40 min. After the carbonization is finished, the invention preferably also comprises the step of crushing the carbonized material to obtain the organic carbon mixture. In the present invention, the pulverization is preferably carried out in a shear pulverizer to a particle size of 3mm or less.
The invention homogenizes the mechanically activated fly ash, coal gangue and desulfurized gypsum to obtain the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body. In the invention, a flow chart of a preparation process of the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body is shown in fig. 2. In the present invention, the homogenization treatment is preferably performed in a screw mixer, and the rotation speed of the homogenization treatment is preferably 60 to 120r/min, more preferably 70 to 110r/min, and still more preferably 80 to 100 r/min; the time for the homogenization treatment is preferably 3 to 5min, more preferably 3.5 to 4.5min, and still more preferably 4 min.
After the organic carbon mixture and the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body are obtained, the municipal sludge, the organic carbon mixture and the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body are mixed to obtain the ceramsite base material. The mixing is not particularly limited, and the raw materials can be uniformly mixed, such as stirring and mixing; the stirring and mixing are preferably carried out in a stirrer, and the mixing time is preferably 3-5 min, and more preferably 4 min.
After the ceramsite base material is obtained, the ceramsite base material and the binder are mixed, pressed into balls and then roasted to obtain the solid waste base ceramsite in the industrial and agricultural cities. The mixing is not particularly limited, and the raw materials can be uniformly mixed, such as stirring and mixing; the stirring and mixing are preferably carried out in a stirrer, and the mixing time is preferably 3-5 min, and more preferably 4 min. In the invention, the pressing balling is preferably carried out in a balling machine, the pressing balling is not particularly limited, and the blank ceramic ball particle with the particle size of 10-20 mm can be obtained. In the invention, the roasting preferably comprises a preheating stage, a heating stage and a roasting stage which are sequentially carried out; the temperature of the preheating stage is preferably 25-150 ℃, more preferably 30-120 ℃, further preferably 50-100 ℃, and the time is preferably 15-20 min, more preferably 16-19 min, further preferably 17-18 min; the temperature rise rate in the temperature rise stage is preferably 20-30 ℃/min, more preferably 22-28 ℃/min, further preferably 24-26 ℃/min, and the temperature after temperature rise is preferably 350-450 ℃, more preferably 380-430 ℃, further preferably 390-410 ℃; the temperature of the roasting stage is preferably 1050-1100 ℃, more preferably 1060-1090 ℃, further preferably 1070-1080 ℃, the heat preservation time is preferably 20-25 min, more preferably 21-24 min, further preferably 22-23 min, the roasting atmosphere is preferably a protective atmosphere, more preferably nitrogen, argon or heliumPreferably, the protective atmosphere is introduced after the temperature rise stage is finished; the temperature rise rate of the temperature from the temperature rise stage to the temperature of the roasting stage is preferably 20-30 ℃/min, more preferably 22-28 ℃/min, and further preferably 24-26 ℃/min; the calcination is preferably carried out in a muffle furnace or a tunnel kiln. The invention prevents the organic carbon mixture from overburning to influence the strength of the ceramsite and controls the release of gas (crystal water H) by introducing nitrogen 2 O、CO、CO 2 、SO 2 ) And the pore structure of the ceramsite is improved. After the roasting is finished, the invention preferably also comprises the step of cooling the obtained roasted ceramsite to room temperature to obtain the industrial and agricultural solid waste-based ceramsite. The cooling method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any cooling method known to those skilled in the art, specifically, natural cooling.
The invention is based on comprehensive disposal and utilization of industrial and agricultural urban solid wastes, and is different from other ceramsite preparation in that the basic principle of preparing the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste-based ceramsite is as follows: the garden waste and the straws are carbonized at low temperature to lose part of volatile matters and water and become an active organic carbon mixture containing a small amount of organic volatile matters; after the coal gangue is crushed, ground, screened and graded, the granularity is reduced, and the surface energy of particles is increased to be activated. The fly ash is subjected to mechanical activation and grinding treatment, so that the surface energy is further increased, and the activity is further enhanced. The desulfurized gypsum is used as a gelling agent and an activating agent to perform the gelling and bonding effects on coal-based solid waste homogeneous bodies such as coal gangue, coal ash and the like. Because the municipal sludge contains certain SiO 2 And Al 2 O 3 The components are dehydrated at high temperature, and most organic matters are burnt to be changed into a substance containing a certain porous structure. The binder binds the related components in the ceramsite base material together, and the binding property is further enhanced along with the loss of moisture. The ceramsite prepared by mixing the straws, the garden wastes, the coal gangue, the fly ash, the desulfurized gypsum and the municipal sludge is slowly heated, so that organic components of the ceramsite further release organic binders such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, tar and the like at low temperature, and the ceramsite is further carbonized at high temperature along with the loss of volatile matters of the organic components and coal carbon in a coal-based solid waste homogeneous body to form the ceramsiteThe porous structure is rich and reasonable, and the industrial and agricultural solid waste ceramsite has high activity.
The invention provides the application of the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite prepared by the technical scheme or the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite prepared by the preparation method in sewage treatment or waste gas treatment. In the present invention, the sewage preferably includes municipal sewage, organic wastewater or inorganic toxic wastewater; the organic sewage preferably comprises one or more of leather sewage, metallurgical oily sewage and chemical sewage; the inorganic toxic wastewater preferably comprises wastewater containing heavy metal ions, and more preferably wastewater with excessive heavy metal ion content; the waste gas preferably includes waste incineration waste gas, power plant combustion waste gas, boiler combustion waste gas, and the like. In the invention, the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste-based ceramsite is preferably used for purifying heavy metal and/or phosphorus-containing pollutants, and more preferably comprises Pb 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Cd 2+ Equal heavy metal and PO 4 3- Or nitrogen plasma. In the invention, the mass ratio of heavy metals and/or phosphorus-containing pollutants in the sewage or the waste gas to the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste-based ceramsite is preferably 1: 100-1: 1000, more preferably 1: 200-1: 900. in the invention, the time for sewage treatment and/or waste gas treatment is preferably 6-15 hours, and more preferably 8-12 hours.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste-based ceramsite according to the process flow diagram shown in FIG. 3, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) crushing corn straws (shown in table 2) and garden wastes (shown in table 3) into crushed materials with the granularity of less than 50mm, then placing the crushed straws and garden wastes into a spiral stirrer according to the mass ratio of 1:0.6, homogenizing at room temperature under the condition of 60r/min for 4min, then placing the crushed straws and garden wastes into a carbonization furnace, carbonizing at 600 ℃ for 35min, placing the carbonized straws and garden wastes into a shearing and crushing machine, and crushing until the granularity is less than or equal to 3mm to obtain an organic carbon mixture;
(2) placing the fly ash (shown in table 4) in a ball mill for mechanical activation and grinding treatment at room temperature to obtain mechanically activated fly ash with D90 of-30 mu m; under the condition of room temperature, performing crushing, ore grinding, screening and grading treatment on the coal gangue (shown in Table 5) for multiple times to obtain graded coal gangue with the granularity of 0-4.75 mm, wherein the graded coal gangue comprises the following components: fine-grain coal gangue (the grain diameter is 0-0.6 mm and 30wt percent), small-grain coal gangue (the grain diameter is + 0.6-1.18 mm and 15wt percent), medium-grain coal gangue (the grain diameter is + 1.18-2.36 mm and 20wt percent) and coarse-grain coal gangue (the grain diameter is + 2.36-4.75 mm and 35wt percent); placing the mechanically activated fly ash, the graded coal gangue and the desulfurized gypsum (shown in Table 6) in a screw mixer according to the mass ratio of 60:20:20, and homogenizing at room temperature and 80r/min for 4min to obtain a coal-based solid waste homogeneous body;
(3) dehydrating sludge (shown in table 1) of a domestic sewage treatment plant with the water content of 80 wt% at the temperature of 60 ℃ until the water content of the sludge is 60 wt% to obtain municipal sludge; putting 35 wt% of dry-based municipal sludge, 10 wt% of organic carbon mixture and 55 wt% of coal-based solid waste homogeneous body into a stirrer, and stirring for 3min to obtain a ceramsite base material;
(4) placing the ceramsite base material and water glass (Baume degree is 40 ℃) in a stirrer according to the mass ratio of 1:0.015, stirring for 4min, then placing the mixture on a ball forming mill, pressing into blank ceramic pellets with the granularity of 15mm, ventilating and drying for 24h at room temperature, placing the blank ceramic pellets in a muffle furnace, preserving heat and preheating for 16min at 120 ℃, heating the temperature from 120 ℃ to 450 ℃ within 10min, introducing nitrogen, preserving heat and roasting for 20min at 1050 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the solid waste ceramsite in the industrial and agricultural city.
Example 2
The industrial and agricultural urban solid waste-based ceramsite is prepared according to the method in the example 1, and the difference from the example 1 is only that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the straws to the garden waste is 1:0.7, the carbonization temperature is 550 ℃, and the carbonization time is 40 min;
the proportion of the medium-grade coal gangue and the medium-grade coal gangue in the medium-grade coal gangue composition in the step (2) is 20 wt% and 15 wt% in sequence, the mass ratio of the mechanically activated fly ash to the graded coal gangue to the desulfurized gypsum is 55:25:20, and the homogenization treatment time is 3 min;
in the step (3), the ceramsite base material comprises 40 wt% of municipal sludge, 55 wt% of water content of the municipal sludge, 10 wt% of organic carbon mixture and 50 wt% of coal-based solid waste homogeneous body;
in the step (4), the mass ratio of the ceramsite base material to the water glass (Baume degree is 39 ℃) is 1:0.02, the stirring time is 3min, the preheating time is 20min, and the roasting temperature is 1100 ℃.
Example 3
The industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite is prepared according to the method in the example 1, and the difference from the example 1 is only that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the straws to the garden waste is 1:0.8, and the straws and the garden waste are homogenized for 3min at the speed of 75r/min, the carbonization temperature is 650 ℃, and the carbonization time is 30 min;
the proportion of the medium-grade coal gangue and the medium-grade coal gangue in the medium-grade coal gangue composition in the step (2) is 20 wt% and 15 wt% in sequence, the mass ratio of the mechanically activated fly ash to the graded coal gangue to the desulfurized gypsum is 65:20:15, and the homogenization treatment time is 3 min;
in the step (3), the ceramsite base material comprises 40 wt% of municipal sludge, 15 wt% of organic carbon mixture and 45 wt% of coal-based solid waste homogeneous body;
in the step (4), the mass ratio of the ceramsite base material to the mixed aqueous solution (the modulus is 2.5) of the sodium silicate and the sodium hydroxide is 1:0.03, the stirring time is 3min, the preheating time is 20min, and the roasting temperature is 1100 ℃.
Example 4
The industrial and agricultural urban solid waste-based ceramsite is prepared according to the method in the example 1, and the difference from the example 1 is only that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the straws to the garden waste is 1:0.5, homogenization treatment is carried out for 5min at 70r/min, and the carbonization temperature is 550 ℃;
in the step (2), the mass ratio of the mechanically activated fly ash to the graded coal gangue to the desulfurized gypsum is 65:25:10, and the homogenization treatment time is 3 min;
in the step (3), the ceramsite base material comprises 35 wt% of municipal sludge, 65 wt% of water content of the municipal sludge, 15 wt% of organic carbon mixture and 50 wt% of coal-based solid waste homogeneous body;
in the step (4), the mass ratio of the ceramsite base material to the water glass (Baume degree is 40 ℃) is 1:0.03, the stirring time is 3min, and the preheating time is 20 min.
The performance test results of the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite prepared in the examples 1-4 are shown in table 7:
table 7 Performance test results of the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite prepared in examples 1-4
As can be seen from Table 7, the cylinder compressive strength of the industrial and agricultural solid waste ceramsite prepared by the method is 5.9-6.5 MPa, and the bulk density is 659-736 kg/m 3 The water absorption rate of 1 hour is 6.8-7.4%, the porosity is 61-68%, and the specific surface area is (5-5.5) × 10 5 cm 2 The volume per gram indicates that the industrial and agricultural solid waste-based ceramsite prepared by the method has high cylinder pressure strength, large bulk density and reasonable pore structure.
Application example 1
Examples 1-4 adsorption Properties of the Industrial and agricultural municipal solid waste ceramsite to wastewater
In a certain leather sewage (pH 6.3, containing Pb) 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Cd 2+ 、PO 4 3- Plasma) are respectively added into the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite prepared in the embodiment 1-4 (the adding amount is 10g/L), the mixture is placed in a constant temperature shaking table at 20 ℃ for oscillation and adsorption for 12h, and Pb is tested 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Cd 2+ And PO 4 3- The removal rate of the industrial and agricultural city solid waste-based ceramsite to heavy metal and phosphorus-containing pollutants is calculated, wherein the removal rate is (initial concentration-final concentration)/the initial concentration is multiplied by 100%, and the adsorption effect of the industrial and agricultural city solid waste-based ceramsite is shown in table 8:
TABLE 8 adsorption effect of the solid waste ceramsite of industrial and agricultural cities prepared in examples 1-4
| PO 4 3- Removal rate/%) | Pb 2+ Removal rate/%) | Cd 2+ Removal rate/%) | Cu 2+ Removal rate/%) | |
| Example 1 | 91.3 | 76.3 | 65.3 | 88.7 |
| Example 2 | 94.5 | 73.5 | 64.1 | 89.3 |
| Example 3 | 92.6 | 71.7 | 67.2 | 87.2 |
| Example 4 | 93.7 | 74.1 | 66.4 | 86.9 |
As can be seen from Table 8, the industrial and agricultural solid waste ceramsite provided by the invention is PO 4 3- 、Pb 2+ 、Cd 2+ And Cu 2+ The removal rates of the ceramsite are 91.3-94.5%, 71.7-76.3%, 64.1-67.2% and 86.9-89.3%, which shows that the ceramsite has excellent adsorption and removal effects on heavy metals and phosphorus-containing pollutants.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite comprises the following preparation raw materials: a ceramsite base material and a binder;
the ceramsite base material comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-40% of municipal sludge, 10-15% of organic carbon mixture and 45-60% of coal-based solid waste homogeneous body; the municipal sludge is on a dry weight basis;
the preparation raw materials of the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body comprise mechanically activated fly ash, coal gangue and desulfurized gypsum;
the raw materials for preparing the organic carbon mixture comprise straws and garden wastes.
2. The industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite is 10-20 mm.
3. The industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water content of the urban sludge is 55-65 wt%.
4. The industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the mechanically activated fly ash to the coal gangue to the desulfurized gypsum is (50-70): (20-25): (10-25);
d of the mechanically activated fly ash 90 The particle size is-30 mu m, the ignition loss is 4.0-12.0%, and the water content is 2-3 wt%;
the granularity of the coal gangue is 0-4.75 mm;
the loss on ignition of the desulfurized gypsum is 10-23%, and the water content is 5-12 wt%.
5. The industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite according to claim 4, wherein the coal gangue is graded coal gangue, and the graded coal gangue comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of fine-grain coal gangue, 15-20% of small-grain coal gangue, 15-20% of medium-grain coal gangue and 35-40% of coarse-grain coal gangue; the grain diameter of the fine-grained coal gangue is 0-0.6 mm; the grain diameter of the small-size coal gangue is +0.6 to-1.18 mm; the grain diameter of the coal gangue with the medium size fraction is +1.18 to-2.36 mm; the grain diameter of the coarse-grained coal gangue is +2.36 to-4.75 mm.
6. The industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the garden waste is 1 (0.5-0.8).
7. The industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the ceramsite base material to the binder is 1: (0.01-0.03);
the binder comprises water glass or a sodium silicate-sodium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution; the Baume degree of the water glass is 39-40 degrees; the modulus of the sodium silicate-sodium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution is 1.5-3.
8. The method for preparing the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps of:
(1) homogenizing straw and garden waste, and carbonizing to obtain an organic carbon mixture;
(2) homogenizing the mechanically activated fly ash, the coal gangue and the desulfurized gypsum to obtain a coal-based solid waste homogeneous body;
(3) mixing the municipal sludge, the organic carbon mixture and the coal-based solid waste homogeneous body to obtain a ceramsite base material;
(4) mixing the ceramsite base material and a binder, pressing into balls, and roasting to obtain the industrial and agricultural solid waste base ceramsite;
the step (1) and the step (2) have no chronological order.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the carbonization temperature is 550-650 ℃ and the carbonization time is 30-45 min;
the roasting comprises a preheating stage, a heating stage and a roasting stage which are sequentially carried out; the temperature of the preheating stage is 25-150 ℃, and the time is 15-20 min; the heating rate of the heating stage is 20-30 ℃/min, and the temperature after heating is 350-450 ℃; the temperature of the roasting stage is 1050-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-25 min, and the roasting atmosphere is protective atmosphere.
10. The industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite of any one of claims 1 to 7 or the industrial and agricultural urban solid waste ceramsite prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 8 to 9 is applied to sewage treatment or waste gas treatment.
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| CN116177990A (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-05-30 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and system for producing ceramsite lightweight aggregate by combining coal gangue and gypsum slag |
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