CN114793790A - High-temperature-resistant planting method for fresh waxy corn - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant planting method for fresh waxy corn Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant planting method of fresh waxy corn. Secondly, the field ventilation and light transmission performance is enhanced through the fresh waxy corn-soybean compound planting. And spraying water and an exogenous regulating substance by the unmanned aerial vehicle, improving the field microclimate, reducing the plant temperature, improving the light capturing capability and the light assimilation capability, promoting the accumulation of dry substances and the development of the cluster grains, and improving the yield and the quality of the population. And finally, the pollination quality and efficiency are improved by the auxiliary pollination of the unmanned aerial vehicle, so that the number of grains per ear of corn under high-temperature stress is directly increased, the length of a bald tip is reduced, the yield of the corn and the soybean is finally improved, and the income of farmers is increased. The invention solves the problem that the agricultural regulation measures for high-temperature thermal damage of waxy corn are relatively insufficient under the condition of frequent extremely high-temperature weather.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of corn cultivation, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant planting method of fresh waxy corn.
Background
The waxy corn is rich in nutrients such as protein, amino acid, vitamin, dietary fiber and the like, is sticky, soft and fragrant after being cooked, is rich in nutrition and good in palatability, and has unique flavor and extremely high edible value. In recent years, with the improvement of the living standard of people, the diet health care consciousness of the public is gradually enhanced, and the waxy corn is gradually a popular health care leisure food due to the unique flavor and the edible value thereof.
In China and southeast Asia, waxy corns are mainly used as fresh food, namely fresh ears or fresh tender grains in the milk stage are picked for eating, so the commodity value of the waxy corns is directly determined by the yield of the fresh ears and the development of the grains.
Waxy corn originally originates from tropical and subtropical regions such as Guangxi, Yunnan and the like in China, and needs higher temperature in the whole growth period, but the waxy corn is not beneficial to growth even causes high-temperature heat damage when the temperature is too high (more than or equal to 35 ℃). Under the large background that the global temperature is continuously increased, the frequent occurrence of extreme high temperature weather causes obvious adverse effects on the waxy corn production in China. At present, the agricultural regulation and control measures for relieving the high-temperature heat damage of the waxy corn are relatively insufficient.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, a high-temperature-resistant planting method for fresh waxy corn is provided so as to solve the problem that the high-temperature thermal damage agricultural regulation measures of the waxy corn are relatively insufficient under the condition of frequent extremely high-temperature weather.
In order to realize the aim, the high-temperature-resistant planting method of the fresh waxy corn is provided, and comprises the following steps:
manually heating a plurality of high-quality waxy corn varieties in a corn flowering phase, and screening the high-quality waxy corn varieties by taking pollen activity, seed setting rate and yield as high-temperature-resistant evaluation indexes to obtain high-temperature-resistant waxy corn varieties;
the high-temperature resistant waxy corn variety and the soybean variety are sowed in a field to form a corn zone and a soybean zone which are alternately arranged, and in extreme high-temperature weather, the moisture and the calcium chloride are sprayed by an unmanned aerial vehicle to reduce the temperature of a plant, improve the microclimate in the field, and supplement the calcium chloride, so that the damage of high-temperature stress to a plant photosynthetic mechanism can be relieved, the balance of chlorophyll content is maintained, the light capturing capability is improved, the light assimilation capability of the waxy corn is further improved, and the dry matter accumulation and the development of fruit cluster grains are promoted;
high temperature resistant waxy maize variety flowering phase is in through unmanned aerial vehicle the top low latitude flight in maize area is in order to right the tassel in maize area produces the wind pressure, and then rocks the tassel and promotes the even whereabouts of maize pollen grain is in order to improve the pollination quality.
Further, the calcium chloride is a 20mM calcium chloride solution.
Further, when unmanned aerial vehicle sprayed moisture and calcium chloride, unmanned aerial vehicle was 3m apart from the perpendicular distance on the top of maize, calcium chloride spray the quantity be 4L/mu, spray 3 times in succession at intervals.
Further, the corn belt comprises two corn rows which are arranged in the same direction, the row spacing between the two corn rows is 40cm, and the distance between the corn belt and the soybean belt is 50 cm.
Further, the width of the soybean belt is 90 cm.
Furthermore, the yield comprises the parameters of ear row number, row grain number, hundred grain weight and individual ear weight.
Further, unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude flight is in order to be right when the tassel in maize area produces the wind pressure, the perpendicular distance on unmanned aerial vehicle and the top of maize is 2.5m, the wind-force of wind pressure is 4 ~ 5 grades.
The high-temperature-resistant planting method for the fresh waxy corn has the beneficial effects that firstly, a high-temperature-resistant fresh waxy corn variety is obtained by constructing a high-temperature-resistant evaluation index system so as to ensure that the maturing rate and the yield of the corn are relatively stable under the high-temperature weather condition. Secondly, field ventilation and light transmission performance is enhanced through fresh waxy corn-soybean compound planting, nitrogen fixation efficiency of rhizobium japonicum is brought into play, utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is reduced, light energy utilization rate and fertilizer utilization rate of corn and soybean are improved, yield of soybean is increased, land utilization rate is improved, and income of farmers is increased under the condition that the yield of corn is equal to that of single crop. Secondly again, through unmanned aerial vehicle water spray and calcium chloride, improve the field microclimate, reduce the plant temperature, improve colony output and quality, unmanned aerial vehicle atomization effect, the downward penetrating power of fog flow is strong, sprays the effect and is superior to traditional atomizer, and saves more the cost high-efficient, and simultaneously, unmanned aerial vehicle spraying calcium chloride is on the blade surface, absorbs and the speed of onset is very fast, and compares with other agricultural measures and has advantages such as simple and easy high efficiency, energy-conservation light, green. In addition, when plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle sprayed calcium chloride, the downward impact air current that the rotor produced can be opened the crop blade surface, reduces effectively and sprays the dead angle, and it is better to spray the effect. Finally, the unmanned aerial vehicle supplementary pollination technique has reduced the cost of labor by a wide margin, has improved pollination quality and efficiency simultaneously, and then directly increases the number of grains per ear under the high temperature stress, reduces bald tip length, finally improves maize and soybean output, increases peasant income.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of drill sowing of a high-temperature resistant waxy corn variety and a soybean variety in an embodiment of the present invention. .
FIG. 2 is a line drawing of the daily maximum air temperature of a high quality waxy corn variety treated by artificial warming in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a high temperature resistant planting method of fresh waxy corn, comprising the following steps:
s1: a plurality of high-quality waxy corn varieties are processed through manual temperature increase in a corn flowering phase, and the high-temperature-resistant waxy corn varieties are obtained by screening the high-quality waxy corn varieties by taking chlorophyll content, pollen activity, maturing rate and yield as high-temperature-resistant evaluation indexes.
Yield factors include ear row number, row grain number, hundred grain weight, and individual ear weight.
The constituents of chlorophyll content include the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, the potential activity of photosystem II, the photosynthetic performance index, the quantum yield for electron transfer and the quantum yield for reduction of the acceptor side terminal electron acceptor of photosystem i.
In the invention, firstly, a waxy corn variety with excellent home and abroad is selected by a technical means of high-temperature-resistant variety screening, artificial simulation temperature-increasing treatment is carried out in the flowering phase of the corn, and a variety with better heat resistance is screened out according to indexes such as chlorophyll content, pollen activity, seed setting rate, yield constitution and the like of the variety.
S2: the method comprises the steps of drilling a high-temperature-resistant waxy corn variety and a soybean variety in a field to form a corn zone and a soybean zone which are alternately arranged, spraying water and calcium chloride by an unmanned aerial vehicle to reduce the temperature of a plant, improve the microclimate in the field and supplement nutrient substances of the high-temperature-resistant waxy corn variety so as to reduce the damage of high-temperature stress on a plant photosynthetic mechanism, maintain the balance of chlorophyll content, improve the light capturing capacity, further improve the light assimilation capacity of the waxy corn and promote the accumulation of dry matters and the development of fruit cluster grains in extreme high-temperature weather.
Referring to fig. 1, the corn band a includes two corn rows 1 arranged in the same direction, the row spacing between the two corn rows is 40cm, and the distance between the corn band a and the soybean band B is 50 cm.
The width of the soybean tape was 90 cm. Each soybean strip includes four soybean rows 2. The spacing between the soybean rows was 30 cm.
The fresh waxy corn and the fresh soybean are planted in a drilling and sowing composite mode in a mode of 2+4, namely, the width of each corn zone is 40cm, the corn plant spacing is 15 cm, and the effective density of the fresh corn is ensured to be 3500 plants/mu; the row spacing of the soybean rows is 30cm, the plant spacing of the soybeans is 10 cm, and the effective density is 8000 plants/mu. The distance between the corn belts and the soybean belts is 50cm, and the distance between the adjacent corn belts is 190 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, the calcium chloride is a 20mM calcium chloride solution.
Specifically, when unmanned aerial vehicle sprayed moisture and calcium chloride, the vertical distance that unmanned aerial vehicle was apart from the top of maize was 3m, and the volume of spraying of calcium chloride is 4L/mu, sprays 3 times in succession at a distance from the day.
In the invention, fresh waxy corn and fresh soybean are planted in a drilling and composite mode. On the basis of screening of the corn varieties in the previous period, the fresh corn variety with the highest high temperature resistance is selected to be interplanted with the fresh soybeans, the side row advantage of the high-position crop corn is exerted, and the light receiving space of the low-position crop soybean is expanded. The fresh waxy corn and the fresh soybean drill composite planting adopts a 2+4 planting mode, so that the ventilation and light transmission in the field are enhanced, and the light energy utilization efficiency and the high temperature resistance of the plants are improved.
In the invention, the field microclimate under extreme weather is improved by spraying water by the field unmanned aerial vehicle. In extreme weather (the highest temperature is more than or equal to 35 ℃), the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for spraying moisture, the moisture is evaporated to absorb heat, the temperature of the plants is reduced, the field microclimate is improved, the damage of high temperature to the corn is reduced, and the high temperature resistance of the plants is enhanced. In addition, the unmanned aerial vehicle spraying needs to set up corresponding important parameters such as flying height and speed and suitable width of spouting.
In this embodiment, the unmanned aerial vehicle is a Dajiang T30 multi-rotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (Shenzhen Dajiang Innovation science and technology Limited), and is the unmanned aerial vehicle flying height 3m from the corn top, and flying speed is 4.5m/s, and the spraying quantity is 4L/mu. Under the condition of extreme high temperature, the weather of clear and no wind is about 10:00, water is sprayed for 1 time every day, and the water is continuously sprayed for 3 times.
In the invention, the calcium chloride is sprayed by the unmanned aerial vehicle. Exogenous chemical substances sprayed by the unmanned aerial vehicle supplement nutrient substances necessary for the growth and development of crops, reduce the damage of high-temperature stress to a plant photosynthetic mechanism, maintain the balance of chlorophyll content, improve the light capturing capability, further improve the light assimilation capability of waxy corns, and promote the accumulation of dry matters and the development of fruit cluster grains.
S3: in the flowering period of the high-temperature-resistant waxy corn variety, the unmanned aerial vehicle flies above the corn belt at low altitude to generate wind pressure on the tassels in the corn belt, and then the tassels are rocked to promote the uniform falling of corn pollen grains so as to improve the pollination quality.
When unmanned aerial vehicle low latitude flies in order to produce the wind pressure to the tassel in maize area, the perpendicular distance on unmanned aerial vehicle and the top of maize is 2.5m, and the wind-force of wind pressure is 4 ~ 5 grades.
In this embodiment, the unmanned aerial vehicle is also a T30 multi-rotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle in great jiang (manufactured by shenzhen major innovative technologies ltd), and the fully autonomous operation module is configured to take off by one key and return by one key. The flying height is 2.5m away from the top end of the corn, the flying speed is 5m/s, the generated wind power is 4-5 grade, and the blowing pollen is preferably uniformly fallen on the female ears. The setting mode is a full-autonomous operation module, one key takes off and one key returns, and a background management system is arranged, so that the supplementary pollination operation track and progress can be observed at any time.
In the invention, the drone flies above the corn field to cause the tassel to shake to promote the falling of corn pollen grains, thereby improving the pollination quality and finally improving the corn fructification and yield. Supplementary pollination of unmanned aerial vehicle is in the same with the unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, sets up relevant flight parameter in order to gain best pollination effect.
In order to further explain the high temperature resistant planting method of the fresh waxy corn.
Example one
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a high-temperature resistant waxy corn variety:
10 domestic main planted fresh waxy corn varieties (Suyunuo No. 2, Suyunuo No. 11, Suyunuo No. 14, Suyunuo No. 639, focus waxy rice 517, Zhongnuo No. 2, Suyunuo No. 1502, Suyunuo No. 802, Suyunuo No. 1704 and Jiangyuo No. 901) are selected as test materials.
The manual high-temperature treatment is carried out by building a steel frame greenhouse (with the length of 45m, the width of 10m and the height of 3.5m) and covering a transparent plastic film (with the light transmittance of more than 95%) in a heating mode. In order to ensure that the flowering phases of the tested fresh waxy corn varieties are consistent, staggered-period sowing is carried out according to the growth periods of the varieties, a wide-row and narrow-row sowing mode is adopted, the wide-row spacing is 120cm, the narrow-row spacing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 27cm, each variety is repeated for 3 times, and the planting density is 3500 plants/mu. And (4) performing high-temperature treatment in the flowering phase, removing the film after 10 days of high-temperature treatment, and finishing the high-temperature treatment. Gaps with the height of 0.2m are reserved around the bottom of the greenhouse and used for gas exchange; meanwhile, in order to ensure the moisture required by the growth of the plants, holes are uniformly punched at the top of the greenhouse, and enough rainfall is ensured to uniformly fall on the plants. During the high temperature treatment period (15 d after blooming, see the maximum temperature during the high temperature treatment period after blooming as shown in fig. 2), a full-automatic temperature and humidity recorder was placed on the corn ear to record the temperature in the greenhouse at recording intervals of 60 min. The comparison in figure 2 is that the natural state of the field is taken as the Comparison (CK) to be the environmental temperature of the test field, the high temperature in figure 2 is the environmental temperature in the steel frame greenhouse subjected to artificial high-temperature treatment, and other field management is carried out according to the local high-yield cultivation requirement. And after the treatment is finished, determining the pollen activity, the seed setting rate, the ear row number, the grain number and the fresh weight of the grains.
With reference to fig. 2, the high-temperature treatment is performed in the flowering phase of the fresh waxy corn variety by means of film covering and temperature increasing, compared with the control treatment, the highest daily temperature is significantly increased, and the temperature during the treatment is higher than 35 ℃, which indicates that the effect of screening the high-temperature resistant variety by means of film covering and temperature increasing is better. The effect of high temperature stress on pollen viability and seed set rate of different varieties was found to be different (see table 1). Compared with the control, the high-temperature treatment has larger reduction amplitude on the pollen vitality and the seed setting rate of the Suyunuo 11 and the Suyunuo 639, and has relatively smaller influence on the Suyunuo No. 2, the Zhongnuo No. 2 and the Jiangyuo 901. Similarly, suyunuo 11 and suyunuo 639 have large yield reduction under high temperature stress, indicating that they are high temperature sensitive varieties, while suyunuo No. 2 and suyunuo No. 2 have relatively small yield and yield formation index influence, indicating that they are varieties with strong high temperature resistance (see table 2).
Therefore, the Suyunuo No. 2 and the Zhongnuo No. 2 which are screened by taking the pollen activity, the seed setting rate, the ear row number, the row grain number and the ear weight as high-temperature resistance evaluation indexes are varieties with strong high-temperature resistance.
TABLE 1 influence of high temperature stress on pollen viability and seed set percentage of different varieties
TABLE 1 continuation of the Table, influence of high temperature stress on pollen viability and setting percentage of different varieties
TABLE 2 Effect of high temperature stress on ear yield and yield constitution of different varieties
Example two
In extreme high-temperature weather, spraying water and exogenous regulating substances to the high-temperature resistant waxy corn varieties by the unmanned aerial vehicle.
The tested materials are 2 high-temperature-resistant waxy corn varieties obtained by screening in the first example, namely Suyunuo No. 2 (high-temperature-resistant) and Suyunuo No. 11 (high-temperature-sensitive).
The growth period of the Suyunuo No. 2 is shorter than that of the Suyunuo No. 11, and in order to ensure the consistent florescence, the Suyunuo No. 2 and the Suyunuo No. 11 are sown in 20 days at 4 months in 2021 and 15 days at 4 months in 2021 in a staggered way respectively. The wide-narrow row sowing mode is adopted, the wide row spacing is 120cm, the narrow row spacing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 27cm, and each variety is repeated for 3 times. The water and fertilizer operation and the pest control refer to local conventional field management.
The test is designed into two-factor random block, and comprises 2 varieties and 3 exogenous regulatory substances, and total 6 treatments, each treatment is 15 × 3m 2 And a blank area of 10m is reserved in the middle, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle is prevented from spraying different exogenous hormones to influence the test result. In the androgenesis period, the unmanned aerial vehicle is utilized to spray clear water (contrast) and exogenous regulating substances respectively. The exogenous regulating substances include Salicylic Acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl) 2 ). Salicylic Acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl) 2 ) The spraying concentration is 1mM and 20mM respectively, and the specific flight parameters are shown in step S2. Spraying at a rate of about 16:00 every day, spraying every other day, continuously spraying for 3 times, wherein the spraying standard is that liquid drops are uniformly distributed on the surfaces of most leaves of the corn, and performing high-temperature treatment in a field film covering and temperature increasing mode after spraying (the temperature increasing mode is consistent with the high-temperature resistant variety screening). Measurement of ear-level chlorophyll fluorescence parameters after high temperature treatment, photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSII latent Activity (Fv/Fo), photosynthetic Performance index (PI abs), Quantum yield for Electron transfer
And quantum yield for reduction of the PS I acceptor side terminal electron acceptor
Selecting out generations in each cell in the milk stageThe representative 15 ear test species were used to determine the row number, the row grain number, the hundred grain weight and the individual ear weight of each plant.
As can be seen from Table 3, compared to the control, SA and CaCl were sprayed under high temperature stress during the flowering phase 2 All improve the fluorescence parameters of the leaves, but the amplification is different due to the sprayed exogenous regulator, and CaCl is sprayed 2 The magnitude of the increase is greater. By SA and CaCl 2 After treatment, the grain number, the hundred grain weight and the single-plant ear weight average of Suyunuo No. 2 and Suyunuo No. 11 rows are obviously increased, and CaCl is added 2 The effect of (c) is superior to that of SA (see Table 4).
Therefore, 20mM CaCl is sprayed in the heading stage 2 The effect of relieving the high-temperature stress of the waxy corn is optimal.
TABLE 3 influence of spraying exogenous regulator on ear position chlorophyll fluorescence parameter under high temperature stress
TABLE 4 influence of spraying exogenous regulators under high temperature stress on yield and yield constitution
EXAMPLE III
Be in through unmanned aerial vehicle the low-latitude flight in top in maize area is in order to right the tassel in maize area produces the wind pressure, and the test material of this experiment is high temperature sensitive suyunuo No. 11, and planting density is 3500 trunk/mu. The high-temperature treatment is realized by delayed sowing, the sowing period is 5 months and 20 days in 2020, the flowering period is about 7 months and 30 days, the high-temperature weather in the middle and downstream areas of Yangtze river is positive in the period, and the day is more than 35 ℃. Supplementary pollination is carried out by utilizing a multi-rotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle T30 in Xinjiang, and specific flight parameters are shown in step S3.
3 treatments are set for the test, wherein the treatment 1 is supplementary pollination for 2 times, and is respectively carried out in No. 2 of 7 months 30 and 8 months 2, and the interval period is 3 days; treatment 2 supplementary pollination is carried out for 1 time, and 8 months and 2 times; treatment 3 was control, natural pollination, no supplementary pollination. The planting area of 1-3 treated plants is 5 mu, and no repetition is needed. The field management between treatments was consistent. In order to reduce the mutual influence between the treatments during the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the interval between the treatments is 50m, and the pollination assisting time is 10 a.m.: 00 thereafter. The flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 2.5m away from the top end of the corn, and the generated wind power is about 4-5 grade, so that the pollen blown off is preferably uniformly dropped on the female ears. In the maize milk stage, 5 points are selected according to a 5-point sampling method, 20 plants are taken for each point, the average bald tip length, the spike weight and the spike grain number are counted, then the commodity spike is harvested, the yield per mu is measured, and the relative profit is calculated according to the current market price of 3.0 yuan/kg.
Compared with natural pollination, the auxiliary pollination of the unmanned aerial vehicle reduces the length of the bald tip, increases the weight and the grain number of the panicle, and has the effect of 2 times of auxiliary pollination of the unmanned aerial vehicle better than 1 time (see table 5). The final test result also shows that compared with natural pollination, the yield of the auxiliary pollination of the unmanned aerial vehicle is obviously higher than that of the natural pollination, the pollination effect of 2 times is better than that of 1 time, and the yield increase rate respectively reaches 8.8% and 4.2/%. The net earnings for 2 pollinations and 1 pollination were increased by 162.2 and 75.2 yuan, respectively, calculated according to the 3 yuan/jin price of fresh corn (see table 6).
Therefore, the auxiliary pollination of the unmanned aerial vehicle for 2 times in the maize flowering phase obviously reduces the length of the 11 bald tips of the Suyunuo, increases the yield, improves the commodity value of the clusters and greatly increases the per mu net income.
TABLE 5 influence of unmanned aerial vehicle assisted pollination on yield
TABLE 6 comparison of economic benefits of assisted pollination by unmanned aerial vehicle
According to the high-temperature-resistant planting method of the fresh waxy corn, firstly, a high-temperature-resistant fresh waxy corn variety is obtained by constructing a high-temperature-resistant evaluation index system so as to ensure the relatively stable corn seed setting rate and yield and the appearance quality of the corn under the high-temperature weather condition. Secondly, field ventilation and light transmission performance is enhanced through fresh waxy corn-soybean compound planting, nitrogen fixation efficiency of rhizobium japonicum is brought into play, utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is reduced, light energy utilization rate and fertilizer utilization rate of corn and soybean are improved, yield of soybean is increased, land utilization rate is improved, and income of farmers is increased under the condition that the yield of corn is equal to that of single crop. Secondly again, through unmanned aerial vehicle water spray and calcium chloride, improve the field microclimate, reduce the plant temperature, improve colony output and quality, unmanned aerial vehicle atomization effect, the downward penetrating power of fog flow is strong, sprays the effect and is superior to traditional atomizer, and saves more the cost high-efficient, and simultaneously, unmanned aerial vehicle spraying calcium chloride is on the blade surface, absorbs and the speed of onset is very fast, and compares with other agricultural measures and has advantages such as simple and easy high efficiency, energy-conservation light, green. In addition, when plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle sprayed calcium chloride, the downward impact air current that the rotor produced can be opened the crop blade surface, reduces effectively and sprays the dead angle, and it is better to spray the effect. Finally, the unmanned aerial vehicle supplementary pollination technique has reduced the cost of labor by a wide margin, has improved pollination quality and efficiency simultaneously, and then directly increases the number of grains per ear under the high temperature stress, reduces bald tip length, finally improves maize and soybean output, increases peasant income.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention according to the present application is not limited to the specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments where any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents is made without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A high-temperature-resistant planting method for fresh waxy corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
manually heating a plurality of high-quality waxy corn varieties in a corn flowering phase, and screening the high-quality waxy corn varieties by taking pollen activity, seed setting rate and yield as high-temperature-resistant evaluation indexes to obtain high-temperature-resistant waxy corn varieties;
the high-temperature resistant waxy corn varieties and the soybean varieties are sowed in a field to form alternately arranged corn belts and soybean belts, and in extreme high-temperature weather, the moisture and calcium chloride are sprayed by an unmanned aerial vehicle to reduce the temperature of the plants, improve the microclimate in the field, supplement the nutrient substances of the high-temperature resistant waxy corn varieties to reduce the damage of high-temperature stress on the plant photosynthetic mechanism, maintain the balance of the chlorophyll content, improve the light capturing capability, further improve the light assimilation capability of the waxy corn and promote the dry matter accumulation and the development of the fruit cluster grains;
high temperature resistant waxy maize variety flowering phase is in through unmanned aerial vehicle the top low-altitude flight in the maize area is in order to right the tassel in maize area produces the wind pressure, and then rocks the tassel and promotes the even whereabouts of maize pollen grain is in order to improve the pollination quality.
2. The high temperature resistant planting method for the fresh waxy corn according to claim 1, characterized in that the calcium chloride is 20mM calcium chloride solution.
3. The high-temperature-resistant planting method for the fresh waxy corn as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the unmanned aerial vehicle sprays water and calcium chloride, the vertical distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the top end of the corn is 3m, and the spraying amount of the calcium chloride is 4L/mu, every other day, and 3 times of continuous spraying.
4. The high temperature resistant planting method of fresh waxy corn as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the corn band comprises two rows of corn arranged in the same direction, the row spacing between the two rows of corn is 40cm, and the distance between the corn band and the soybean band is 50 cm.
5. The high temperature tolerant growing method of fresh waxy corn of claim 4, wherein the width of the soybean strip is 90 cm.
6. The method for planting fresh waxy corn in high temperature resistant mode according to claim 1, wherein the yield is composed of ear row number, grain number, hundred grain weight and individual ear weight.
7. The high-temperature-resistant planting method for the fresh waxy corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the unmanned aerial vehicle flies in low altitude to generate wind pressure on the tassel of the corn belt, the vertical distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the top end of the corn belt is 2.5m, and the wind force of the wind pressure is 4-5 levels.
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