CN114793495B

CN114793495B - Farmland rotary tillage device and method

Info

Publication number: CN114793495B
Application number: CN202210465597.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贺远; 李林; 高华军; 蔡斌; 刘春奎; 耿召良; 李萌; 梁淼; 李龙科; 李玥
Original assignee: Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Current assignee: Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Priority date: 2022-04-29
Filing date: 2022-04-29
Publication date: 2023-06-20
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-29
Also published as: CN114793495A

Abstract

The invention discloses a farmland rotary tillage device and a farmland rotary tillage method, which relate to the technical field of farming equipment and a farmland rotary tillage method, wherein the device realizes the driving of a main shaft through the transmission connection of the main shaft and a main shaft box on a frame, and realizes the adjustment of the axial density of a rotary tillage cutter on a rotary tillage rake by arranging a main cutter head on the main shaft in a sliding way and arranging a subsidiary cutter head on the subsidiary shaft; the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism matched with the auxiliary shaft is arranged, so that the distance adjusting process of the main cutter disc and the auxiliary cutter disc is mechanically carried out, the control is more accurate, and the labor is saved; the method can greatly shorten the soil airing time, greatly advance the autumn planting time, increase the wheat head-growing rate and avoid the phenomenon of cost increase caused by the increase of the sowing quantity; solves the problems that the airing time is longer when the soil humidity is high before autumn sowing, and the existing rotary tillage equipment and rotary tillage method have poor farmland leveling effect on larger humidity.

Description

Farmland rotary tillage device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural tillage equipment and methods, in particular to a farmland rotary tillage device and a farmland rotary tillage method.

Background

The land in North China is mostly allocated according to households, and because each household has smaller land block area, the small and medium rotary tillage harrows are mostly used for farmland tillage in the farmland tillage process, the rotary tillage harrow rotary tillage operation has the advantages of low cost and high tillage speed, and the power requirement on the mounted tractor is low, so that the method is particularly suitable for the use requirement of small farmland in China. In northern China, the planting mode of corn or soybean stubble wheat is adopted for planting in a farmland of two seasons a year, and the step of rotary tillage and soil leveling of the land are needed before wheat planting after autumn harvest, but in recent years, weather is abnormal, rainwater is often abnormal, particularly water accumulation is easy to occur in low-lying areas, so that the water content of the soil is high, and the farmland can be cultivated only after autumn harvest by airing for a long time, so that autumn sowing operation is influenced.

When the conventional medium-sized and small-sized rotary tillage equipment is used for farming farmlands with larger water content, the conventional medium-sized and small-sized rotary tillage equipment needs to wait for long-time airing at first, and as the land after autumn harvest is relatively flat and has good moisturizing effect, the water content can be gradually reduced only by means of surface volatilization, and the process usually needs more than two weeks; because rotary blade axial density is fixed and the rotational speed is higher, can throw off many small-size mud balls of size when consequently the soil that the primary rotary tillage viscidity is great, humidity is higher, the existence of mud ball can reduce the soil roughness to seriously influence the planting of wheat, even carry out the rotary tillage more times after the mud ball is dry again and smash, also can be because the rotational speed of rotary tillage harrow is limited, be difficult to thoroughly break up the mud ball, and then produce the not good problem of soil leveling effect.

The long airing time can delay autumn planting time, so that the temperature is low when wheat is planted, the wheat head-growing rate is low, the yield is affected, the yield can be increased later when the wheat is planted, the yield can be only compensated by increasing the sowing quantity and the sowing density of the wheat, and the sowing quantity of the wheat is increased, so that the planting cost is increased.

The blade of rotary tillage harrow among the prior art has straight blade and crooked knife tip, and straight blade middle part is equipped with protruding structure in order to improve intensity, and crooked knife tip department does not have protruding reinforcing, and the rotary tillage is broken from knife tip and blade junction easily when meetting hard object such as stone.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a farmland rotary tillage device and a farmland rotary tillage method, which solve the problems that the airing time is longer when the soil humidity is high before autumn sowing, and the existing rotary tillage equipment and the rotary tillage method have poor farmland leveling effect on the larger humidity.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a farmland rotary tillage device, includes the frame, rotate in the frame and be equipped with the main shaft, equidistant fixed a plurality of groups of main cutterheads that are equipped with on the main shaft, slide on the main shaft and be equipped with the countershaft, coaxial and sliding connection of countershaft and main cutterhead, equidistant fixed a plurality of groups of vice cutterheads that are equipped with on the countershaft, main cutterhead and vice cutterhead cooperation setting in turn, the main shaft is connected with the headstock transmission of fixedly establishing in the frame, the countershaft cooperates with the hydraulic pressure adjustable distance mechanism of establishing in the frame, the frame rear portion articulates there is the pressure roller frame, rotate on the pressure roller frame and be equipped with the pressure roller, the pressure roller frame articulates with the hydraulic rod of establishing in the frame.

Preferably, the two ends of the main shaft are rotationally connected with the frame, the middle part of the main shaft is in transmission connection with the main shaft box through a first chain transmission pair, a chain wheel shell is arranged outside the first chain transmission pair, the chain wheel shell is connected with the main shaft through a bearing, two auxiliary shafts are slidably arranged on the main shafts on the two sides of the chain wheel shell, and the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism is corresponding to the chain wheel shell and is matched with the two auxiliary shafts.

Further, the headstock is including fixing the box of establishing in the frame, and the relative main shaft parallel is equipped with first transmission shaft and second transmission shaft in the box, is connected through the vice transmission of second chain drive between first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft, and the second transmission shaft passes through first chain drive pair and is connected with main shaft transmission, and the sprocket shell passes through the bearing with the second transmission shaft to be connected, opens on the box has the rectangle opening that matches with the sprocket shell, and the box openly rotates and is equipped with the drive shaft, and the drive shaft passes through bevel gear pair and is connected with first transmission shaft transmission.

Preferably, the main cutter disc comprises an annular main shaft disc fixedly connected with the main shaft, at least two main cutter seats are uniformly distributed on the annular main shaft disc, a main cutter is detachably arranged on the main cutter seats, at least two clamping grooves are symmetrically arranged on the center of the inner annular surface of the annular main shaft disc, and the auxiliary shaft is matched with the annular main shaft disc through the clamping grooves.

Preferably, the auxiliary shaft comprises at least two shaft bodies which are arranged in a central symmetry way, the shaft bodies are matched with the slot grooves and are in sliding fit, the end parts of the shaft bodies are fixedly connected through annular driving plates, the auxiliary cutter head is fixedly connected with the shaft bodies, and the two auxiliary shafts are matched with the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism through the annular driving plates; the auxiliary cutter head comprises an annular auxiliary shaft disc fixedly connected with the shaft body, at least two auxiliary cutter seats are uniformly distributed on the annular auxiliary shaft disc, the number of the auxiliary cutter seats is consistent with that of the main cutter seats, and auxiliary cutters are detachably arranged on the auxiliary cutter seats.

Preferably, the auxiliary knife and the main knife all comprise knife handles, the knife handles are inserted and arranged on the auxiliary knife holder or the main knife holder, locking bolts matched with the knife handles are arranged on the auxiliary knife holder and the main knife holder, the knife handles are fixedly connected with the streamline knife body, the integrated forming of the back of the streamline knife body is provided with reinforcing ribs, one ends of the reinforcing ribs are flush with one ends of the knife handles, the other ends of the reinforcing ribs are flush with the cutting edge parts of the streamline knife bodies, and the bending directions of the streamline knife bodies of the auxiliary knife and the main knife are opposite to each other.

Preferably, each group of axially adjacent auxiliary tool holders and the main tool holder are arranged on one side opposite to or opposite to the corresponding adjacent main tool holders and auxiliary tool holders, the auxiliary tool holders and the main tool holders of the same group are in cross fit, the axially adjacent main tool holders of the same side of the main spindle box are in cross fit, and the axially adjacent auxiliary tool holders of the plurality of auxiliary tool holders are in cross fit.

Preferably, the hydraulic pressure adjustable distance mechanism is including dismantling the support arm of establishing at the frame rear portion, and the support arm is connected with the briquetting through first U type staple bolt, is equipped with two hydraulic push rods that extend opposite direction in parallel between briquetting and the support arm, and two hydraulic push rod extension parts are all fixed and are equipped with the shift fork, shift fork middle part and the sliding shaft sliding connection of fixedly establishing at the support arm tip, and two arms of shift fork cooperate with annular drive plate both sides wall respectively, rotate on the arm of shifting, are equipped with the gyro wheel.

Preferably, the compression roller frame includes U type support body, and U type support body connecting portion is articulated with the frame through the articulated arm, and the press roller rotates to be established in U type support body opening part, and fixed symmetry is equipped with two flexible depression bars of spring on the U type support body, and two flexible end fixedly connected with connecting plates of flexible depression bar of spring are equipped with articulated platform on the connecting plate, and the connecting plate articulates with the hydraulic stem through articulated platform, and U type support body middle part is fixed to be equipped with the loading board, is equipped with the reinforcing frame on the loading board, is equipped with the balancing weight in the reinforcing frame, and the fixed first shelves soil cover that is equipped with under the loading board.

Further, the roller comprises a roller, the roller is rotationally arranged on a roller shaft, the roller shaft is rotationally connected with the U-shaped frame body, and pressing needles are uniformly distributed on the roller.

Preferably, the frame includes the support body, the headstock is fixed to be established on the support body, the support body both sides are equipped with the fixed plate, the main shaft passes through the bearing and rotates with the fixed plate to be connected, the support body front portion corresponds with the headstock and is equipped with the soil separating plow, the support body lower part can be dismantled and is equipped with the second and keep off the soil cover, the support body rear portion is equipped with the articulated shaft, the support body passes through the articulated shaft and articulates with the articulated arm, the fixed brace table that is equipped with on the support body, the brace table articulates with articulated seat, be connected with the hydraulic stem through the second U type staple bolt on the articulated seat, be equipped with the cell type backing plate between articulated seat and the hydraulic stem, the hydraulic stem articulates with articulated table, the fixed tractor mounted frame that is equipped with on the support body.

A farmland rotary tillage method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: field forming and blocking: tractor hanging farmland rotary tillage device, shrink hydraulic stem make press roller frame and press roller hoist and break away from ground, adjust hydraulic pressure roll adjustment mechanism and make adjacent a set of main blade disc and vice blade disc laminating, make farmland rotary tillage device axial rotary tillage density diminish, carry out the first rotary tillage to the farmland next to become the three-dimensional soil structure that contains big soil block with the farmland rotary tillage, make the farmland become three-dimensional sunning by the earth's surface sunning simultaneously, increase farmland soil moisture evaporation area, improve farmland sunning speed.

S2: and (5) airing: and (5) airing and air-drying for a period of time according to the humidity of farmland soil.

S3: rotary tillage and crushing: when the soil humidity reaches the planting requirement, carrying out secondary rotary tillage by utilizing a farmland rotary tillage device; controlling a hydraulic rod of the farmland rotary tillage device to extend out, lowering a roller frame and a roller to be in contact with the ground, and adjusting a hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism to separate a group of adjacent main cutterheads and auxiliary cutterheads, so that the axial rotary tillage density of the farmland rotary tillage device is increased, and the crushing capacity is enhanced; tractor hanging farmland rotary tillage device carries out the rotary tillage to the farmland, and the big soil block in step S2 is broken when the rotary tillage, forms and suits kind of soil, and the roller carries out preliminary compaction to broken soil, avoids soil too fluffy influence plant growth.

The farmland rotary tillage device has the beneficial effects that: the device realizes the driving of the main shaft through the transmission connection of the main shaft and a main shaft box on the frame, and the frame plays a role in bearing the main shaft and the structure on the main shaft; the auxiliary shaft is arranged on the main shaft in a sliding manner, the main cutter head is fixedly arranged on the main shaft, and the auxiliary cutter head is arranged on the auxiliary shaft, so that the distance between the main cutter head and the auxiliary cutter head is adjustable, and the axial density of a rotary tillage cutter on the rotary tillage rake is adjustable; the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism matched with the auxiliary shaft is arranged, so that the distance adjusting process of the main cutter disc and the auxiliary cutter disc is mechanically carried out, the control is more accurate, and the labor is saved; the pressing roller frame and the pressing roller are hinged to the rear portion of the frame, so that the pressing roller can realize the compaction of fluffy soil after rotary tillage, and plant growth is facilitated; the hydraulic rod hinged with the press roller frame is arranged on the frame, so that the press roller frame and the press roller can be lifted and lowered.

The farmland rotary tillage method has the beneficial effects that: by applying the farmland rotary tillage device, preliminary rotary tillage is carried out by utilizing the state that the axial density of the rotary tillage blades on the rotary tillage rake is sparse, the farmland is rotary tillage into a three-dimensional soil structure containing large soil blocks, the contact area of soil and air can be increased, the soil surface airing is changed into three-dimensional airing, the moisture volatilization speed is improved, and the airing speed is higher; after the seeds are dried to the proper humidity again, the axial density dense state of the rotary tillage blades on the rotary tillage rake is utilized to crush the farmland for the second time, so that the farmland soil blocks can be crushed directly into a good crushing effect, the phenomenon that mud blocks with smaller size cannot be crushed thoroughly in the prior art is avoided, the rotary tillage leveling effect of the land is better, and the leveling quality is higher; the roller lifts up when first crushing, can avoid the clod that produces to be in the same place by the roller pressfitting again, and the roller put down when secondary crushing can make can realize the compaction to fluffy soil after the rotary tillage, makes things convenient for vegetation. The method can greatly shorten the soil airing time, greatly advance the autumn planting time, increase the wheat head-growing rate and avoid the phenomenon of cost increase caused by the increase of the sowing quantity; solves the problems that the airing time is longer when the soil humidity is high before autumn sowing, and the existing rotary tillage equipment and rotary tillage method have poor farmland leveling effect on larger humidity.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of another view angle of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the rotary blade of the present invention in a dense spacing state;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the rotary blade spacing sparseness state of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a falling state of the pressing roller of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a raised state of the pressing roller of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the main cutter of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the auxiliary cutterhead of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a countershaft construction of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the main and auxiliary cutters according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the hydraulic pitch control mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a roller housing and a roller according to the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the headstock of the present invention.

In the figure: 1: frame, 2: main shaft, 3: master cutterhead, 4: auxiliary shaft, 5: auxiliary cutterhead, 6: headstock, 7: roller frame, 8: press roller, 10: hydraulic lever, 22: sprocket housing, 61: box, 62: first drive shaft, 63: second drive shaft, 64: second chain drive pair, 65: drive shaft, 66: bevel gear pair, 31: annular spindle disk, 32: main tool apron, 33: main knife, 34: clamping groove, 41: shaft body, 42: annular dial, 51: annular auxiliary shaft disk, 52: auxiliary tool post, 53: auxiliary knife, 331: knife handle, 332: streamline cutter body, 333: reinforcing ribs, 91: support arm, 92: first U type staple bolt, 93: briquetting, 94: hydraulic push rod, 95: fork, 96: slide shaft, 97: roller, 71: u-shaped frame body, 72: articulated arm, 73: connecting plate, 74: hinge table, 75: carrier plate, 76: reinforcing frame, 77: balancing weight, 78: first soil cover, 81: roller, 82: cylinder shaft, 83: needle pressing, 11: frame body, 12: fixing plate, 13: soil dividing plow, 14: second soil guard hood, 15: hinge shaft, 16: support table, 17: hinge base, 18: second U type staple bolt, 19: groove-type backing plate, 20: tractor mounted frame.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, embodiment 1, a rotary tillage device for farmland, which comprises a frame 1, wherein a main shaft 2 is rotatably arranged on the frame 1, and the frame plays a bearing role on the main shaft and a structure on the main shaft. A plurality of groups of main cutter discs 3 are fixedly arranged on the main shaft 2 at equal intervals, a countershaft 4 is slidably arranged on the main shaft 2, the countershaft 4 is coaxially and slidably connected with the main cutter discs 3, a plurality of groups of auxiliary cutter discs 5 are fixedly arranged on the countershaft 4 at equal intervals, the main cutter discs 3 and the auxiliary cutter discs 5 are alternately matched and arranged, the distance between the adjacent groups of main cutter discs and auxiliary cutter discs is adjustable, the main cutter discs 3 and the auxiliary cutter discs 5 are collectively called rotary blades, and further the axial density of rotary blades on a rotary tillage rake is adjustable. The main shaft 2 is in transmission connection with a main shaft box 6 fixedly arranged on the frame 1, and the main shaft box 6 realizes the driving of the main shaft. The auxiliary shaft 4 is matched with a hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism arranged on the frame 1, the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism realizes the mechanization of the distance adjusting process of the main cutter disc and the auxiliary cutter disc, and the control is more accurate and the labor is saved. The rear part of the frame 1 is hinged with a press roller frame 7, and the press roller can compact the fluffy soil after rotary tillage, thereby facilitating plant growth. The press roller frame 7 is rotatably provided with a press roller 8, and the press roller frame 7 is hinged with a hydraulic rod 10 arranged on the frame 1, so that the press roller frame and the press roller are lifted and lowered.

When the rotary tillage machine is applied, when rotary tillage operation is performed on a farmland with common humidity, the auxiliary shaft 4 is moved by the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism to enable the auxiliary shaft 4 to slide relative to the main shaft, then the intervals between a plurality of groups of main cutterheads and auxiliary cutterheads are uniform, the axial density of the rotary tillage machine is enabled to be in the most dense rotation state, the driving of the main shaft box by the tractor is started, the main shaft box drives the main shaft to rotate, then the main cutterhead on the main shaft, the auxiliary shaft and the auxiliary cutterhead on the auxiliary shaft are driven to rotate, meanwhile, the press roller frame rotates around the frame when the hydraulic rod stretches, so that the press roller falls down, and the tractor drives the whole machine to perform rotary tillage operation. When carrying out rotary tillage operation in the great farmland of humidity, at first make main blade disc and vice blade disc be in the great state of interval with hydraulic pressure roll adjustment mechanism, make the roller lift under the hydraulic stem effect simultaneously, tractor drive device carries out preliminary rotary tillage, earth makes earth broken into big piece under the effect of wider rotary blade, wait the sunning and air-dry, then adjust hydraulic pressure roll adjustment mechanism and make rotary blade axial density be in the most intensive state of changeing, put down the roller simultaneously and carry out secondary crushing, the roller is dragged and is rolled subaerial to carry out simple compaction to broken fluffy coating, prevent that it is too fluffy to influence the plant and take root.

As shown in fig. 13, in embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, two ends of a main shaft 2 are rotatably connected with a frame 1, the middle part of the main shaft 2 is in transmission connection with a main shaft box 6 through a first chain transmission pair, a chain wheel shell 22 is arranged outside the first chain transmission pair, the chain wheel shell 22 is connected with the main shaft 2 through a bearing, two auxiliary shafts 4 are arranged on the main shaft 2 on two sides of the chain wheel shell 22 in a sliding manner, and a hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism corresponds to the chain wheel shell 22 and is matched with the two auxiliary shafts 4; the sprocket shell 22 plays a role in protecting the first chain transmission pair, prevents soil from entering to influence transmission, and meanwhile, the sprocket shell 22 is connected with the main shaft through a bearing, so that a certain supporting effect on the main shaft is achieved, and the rotation stability of the main shaft box is improved.

Further, the spindle box 6 includes a box 61 fixedly arranged on the frame 1, a first transmission shaft 62 and a second transmission shaft 63 are arranged in parallel relative to the spindle 2 in the box 61, the first transmission shaft 62 and the second transmission shaft 63 are in transmission connection through a second chain transmission pair 64, two chain wheels of the second chain transmission pair 64 are respectively fixedly connected with the first transmission shaft 62 and the second transmission shaft 63, the second transmission shaft 63 is in transmission connection with the spindle 2 through the first chain transmission pair, two chain wheels of the first chain transmission pair are respectively fixedly arranged on the spindle and the second transmission shaft, a chain wheel shell 22 is connected with the second transmission shaft 63 through a bearing, a rectangular opening matched with the chain wheel shell 22 is formed in the box 61, and the chain wheel shell 22 penetrates out of the box through the rectangular opening. The front of the box 61 is rotatably provided with a driving shaft 65, and the driving shaft 65 is in transmission connection with the first transmission shaft 62 through a bevel gear pair 66. The side wall of the box 61 is provided with end covers corresponding to the first transmission shaft 62 and the second transmission shaft 63.

When the rotary tillage machine is used, the tractor output shaft is in transmission connection with the driving shaft 65 during installation, the driving shaft rotates under the driving of the tractor during rotary tillage of the soil, the first driving shaft is driven to rotate through the bevel gear pair, the first driving shaft drives the second driving shaft to rotate through the second chain driving pair, and the second driving shaft drives the main shaft to rotate through the first chain driving pair, so that the rotary tillage cutter is driven to rotate.

As shown in fig. 7, in embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 2, the main cutter disc 3 includes an annular main cutter disc 31 fixedly connected with the main shaft 2, at least two main cutter seats 32 are uniformly distributed on the annular main cutter disc 31, main cutters 33 are detachably arranged on the main cutter seats 32, specifically, the main cutter seats 32 are in a rectangular sleeve structure, one end of the rectangular sleeve is closed and is rotationally connected with the annular main cutter disc, and the side wall of the rectangular sleeve is provided with bolts for locking the main cutters. At least two clamping grooves 34 are formed in the inner annular surface of the annular main shaft disc 31 in a central symmetry mode, and the auxiliary shaft 4 is matched with the annular main shaft disc 31 through the clamping grooves 34. In this embodiment, three main tool holders are disposed on each annular main shaft disk 31, and the three main tool holders are fixedly disposed on the annular main shaft disk at an included angle of 120 °. So that each main cutter generates better crushing effect. In this embodiment, two clamping grooves are preferably provided, and the clamping grooves are quarter annular clamping grooves, and the auxiliary shaft is slidably arranged in the clamping grooves, so that the auxiliary shaft can not only slide relative to the main shaft, but also prevent the auxiliary shaft from rotating along the circumferential direction of the main shaft, thereby enabling the main cutterhead and the auxiliary cutterhead to synchronously rotate. Preferably, the annular spindle disk 31 is welded to the spindle to provide better strength.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, in embodiment 4, on the basis of embodiment 3, the auxiliary shaft 4 includes at least two shaft bodies 41 which are arranged in a central symmetry manner, in this embodiment, two shaft bodies are arranged in total, the cross section of each shaft body is identical to the shape of the corresponding clamping groove 34, in this embodiment, the cross section of each shaft body is a quarter ring, the shaft bodies 41 are matched with the shape of the corresponding clamping groove 34 in a sliding fit manner, the end parts of the shaft bodies 41 are fixedly connected through annular driving plates 42, the auxiliary cutter head 5 is fixedly connected with the shaft bodies 41, the two auxiliary shafts 4 are matched with the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism through the annular driving plates 42, and in particular, the annular driving plates are matched with the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism in a corresponding plugging manner.

Further, the auxiliary cutterhead 5 comprises an annular auxiliary shaft disc 51 fixedly connected with the shaft body 41, at least two auxiliary cutterheads 52 are uniformly distributed on the annular auxiliary shaft disc 51, the number of the auxiliary cutterheads 52 is consistent with that of the main cutterheads 32, and auxiliary cutterheads 53 are detachably arranged on the auxiliary cutterheads 52. In this embodiment, it is preferable that three auxiliary tool holders are welded on each annular auxiliary shaft disk, and the auxiliary tool holders have the same shape as the main tool holder.

When the annular driving plate, the annular main shaft disc 31 and the annular auxiliary shaft disc 51 are sequentially sleeved on a main shaft during installation, then two shaft bodies on each side of a chain wheel shell are sequentially inserted into clamping grooves on the annular main shaft disc 31 on the same side from one end, simultaneously pass through the corresponding annular driving plate and the annular auxiliary shaft disc 51, then the annular main shaft disc is respectively welded with the main shaft, the welding ensures consistent spacing, the annular driving plate and the end part of the shaft body are coaxially welded together, the annular driving plate corresponds to a hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism during welding, and then the annular auxiliary shaft disc is welded on the auxiliary shaft at the same spacing. And after the welding is finished, the main cutter and the auxiliary cutter are respectively correspondingly arranged on the main cutter holder and the auxiliary cutter holder.

As shown in fig. 10, in embodiment 5, on the basis of embodiment 4, the auxiliary knife 53 and the main knife 33 each include a knife handle 331, the knife handles 331 are inserted and arranged on the auxiliary knife holder 52 or the main knife holder 32, locking bolts matched with the knife handles 331 are arranged on the auxiliary knife holder 52 and the main knife holder 32, the knife handles 331 are fixedly connected with the streamline knife body 332, reinforcing ribs 333 are integrally formed at the back of the streamline knife body 332, one ends of the reinforcing ribs 333 are flush with one end of the knife handle 331, the other ends of the reinforcing ribs 333 are flush with the edge of the streamline knife body 332, and the bending directions of the streamline knife bodies 332 of the auxiliary knife 53 and the main knife 33 are opposite. The strengthening rib extends to the cutting edge all the time from the back of a knife blade, and strengthening rib and whole streamlined cutter body integrated into one piece can greatly increase the intensity of cutter body, avoids striking stone to appear from the phenomenon of bending part rupture.

Further, each axially adjacent pair of sub-cutter holders 52 and main cutter holders 32 are disposed on opposite or opposite sides of the corresponding adjacent pair of main cutter holders 3 and sub-cutter holders 5, and the sub-cutter holders 52 and main cutter holders 32 of the same group are in cross fit, the axially adjacent main cutter holders 32 of the plurality of main cutter holders 3 on the same side of the spindle box 6 are in cross fit, and the axially adjacent sub-cutter holders 52 of the plurality of sub-cutter holders 5 are in cross fit.

In this embodiment, the sprocket shell is located the symmetry plane of device, and the main cutterhead, vice cutterhead, countershaft in sprocket shell both sides all symmetry set up, and the main shaft on every side is fixed to be equipped with four sets of main cutterheads and three vice cutterheads in turn, and the main sword bending direction on the main cutterhead is towards the sprocket shell, and annular driver plate is located between main cutterhead and the sprocket shell that is close to the sprocket shell and the distance between main cutterhead and the sprocket shell satisfies annular driver plate and slides. The draw-in groove on four groups of main cutterheads is corresponding, main cutter seat on four groups of main cutterheads is 40 degrees contained angle setting in proper order along main shaft circumference, the vice blade holder on four groups of vice cutterheads is 40 degrees contained angle setting in proper order along main shaft circumference, main cutterhead and vice cutterhead of sprocket shell one side from near to far are two-to-two in groups, main cutter disc that is farthest from the sprocket shell is alone in groups, main blade holder and vice blade holder on same group main cutterhead and vice blade holder are 60 degrees contained angle setting along main shaft circumference, and main blade holder and vice blade holder all establish in the opposite side of same group main cutterhead and vice blade holder, main blade holder lateral wall and annular main shaft disc 31 lateral wall welded fastening, vice blade holder lateral wall and annular auxiliary shaft disc 51 lateral wall welded fastening can be located same annular face with main cutter seat and vice blade holder of same group after the regulation. The main blade holder and the auxiliary blade holder which are arranged at different angles on each side of the chain wheel shell can enable one or two main blades to enter the soil every same angle when the rotary tillage rake is used for rotary tillage of the ground, and the two sides of the chain wheel shell are symmetrically arranged so that the whole device can simultaneously have two or four main blades or auxiliary blades to enter the soil, thereby reducing vibration caused by the main blades or the auxiliary blades entering the ground.

When the wet soil is first rotary tilled, the adjustment distance is maximum, the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism moves the annular driving plate towards the direction close to the chain wheel shell to enable the distance between the auxiliary cutter disc and the adjacent auxiliary cutter disc to be maximum, even if the whole device is adjusted to be in a state of maximum rotary tillage cutter distance, the bending directions of the adjacent auxiliary cutters and the main cutters are opposite, the soil blocks can be cut when the device rotates, the curved cutting edge can bring out the soil blocks, and the distance is increased to enable the cut soil blocks to be enlarged. When the cutter head is normally broken, the auxiliary cutter head is moved to the middle position of the two groups of main cutter heads, so that the whole cutting surface is more uniform, and the cutting effect is better.

As shown in fig. 11, in embodiment 6, on the basis of embodiment 5, the hydraulic distance-adjusting mechanism comprises a support arm 91 detachably arranged at the rear part of the frame 1, the support arm 91 is connected with a pressing block 93 through a first U-shaped hoop 92, two hydraulic push rods 94 with opposite extending directions are arranged in parallel between the pressing block 93 and the support arm 91, two extending parts of the two hydraulic push rods 94 are fixedly provided with a shifting fork 95, the middle part of the shifting fork 95 is in sliding connection with a sliding shaft 96 fixedly arranged at the end part of the support arm 91, two shifting arms of the shifting fork 95 are respectively matched with two side walls of the annular driving plate 42, and rollers 97 are rotatably arranged on the shifting arms. The roller is arranged to enable the annular driving plate to rotate when being contacted with the roller, so that abrasion is prevented.

When the distance between rotary blades needs to be adjusted, the hydraulic push rod is controlled to shrink or stretch, the push rod part of the hydraulic push rod drives the shifting fork to slide along the sliding shaft, and meanwhile, the shifting arm of the shifting fork drives the annular driving plate to move, and the process is carried out when the main shaft stops rotating.

As shown in fig. 12, in embodiment 7, on the basis of embodiment 6, the press roller frame 7 includes a U-shaped frame 71, the connection portion of the U-shaped frame 71 is hinged to the frame 1 through a hinge arm 72, the press roller 8 is rotatably disposed at an opening of the U-shaped frame 71, two spring telescopic compression rods 72 are fixedly and symmetrically disposed on the U-shaped frame 71, the telescopic ends of the two spring telescopic compression rods 72 are fixedly connected with a connecting plate 73, a hinge table 74 is disposed on the connecting plate 73, the connecting plate is hinged to the hydraulic rod 10 through the hinge table 74, a bearing plate 75 is fixedly disposed in the middle of the U-shaped frame 71, a reinforcing frame 76 is disposed on the bearing plate 75, a balancing weight 77 is disposed in the reinforcing frame 76, and a first soil blocking cover 78 is fixedly disposed under the bearing plate 75. The arrangement block can apply pressure to the pressing roller, so that the soil bulk is reduced, and the balancing weight is optionally arranged according to the actual plant growth requirement.

Specifically, the pressing roller 8 includes a roller 81, the roller 81 is rotatably disposed on a cylinder shaft 82, the cylinder shaft 82 is rotatably connected with the U-shaped frame 71, and pressing pins 83 are uniformly distributed on the roller 81. The setting is pressed the needle and can be pressed partial surface soil float when rolling, and here preferred pressure needle height 3~5 centimetres, both satisfied farmland roughness requirement, can make soil have certain matter seal again, be favorable to the plant to take root.

Embodiment 8, on the basis of embodiment 7, frame 1 includes support body 11, and headstock 6 is fixed to be established on support body 11, and support body 11 both sides are equipped with fixed plate 12, and main shaft 2 passes through the bearing and rotates with fixed plate 12 to be connected, and support body 11 front portion corresponds with the headstock and is equipped with the soil plough 13 that divides, and support body 11 lower part can be dismantled and be equipped with second retaining cover 14, and second retaining cover and support body bolted connection can prevent that earth from flying in disorder in this embodiment. The rear part of the frame body 11 is provided with two hinge shafts 15, and the positions of the two hinge shafts 15 correspond to the positions of the hinge arms. The frame body 11 is articulated with the articulated arm 72 through the articulated shaft 15, and the fixed supporting bench 16 that is equipped with on the frame body 11, supporting bench 16 are articulated with articulated seat 17, are connected with hydraulic stem 10 through second U type staple bolt 18 on the articulated seat 17, are equipped with the groove type backing plate 19 between articulated seat 17 and the hydraulic stem 10, are equipped with on the groove type backing plate 19 with hydraulic stem complex arc recess to the better spacing of hydraulic stem. The hydraulic rod 10 is hinged with the hinging table 74, and the tractor hanging frame 20 is fixedly arranged on the frame body 11. The tractor mount 20 can facilitate attachment of the device to a tractor.

A farmland rotary tillage method according to claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:

s1: field forming and blocking: tractor hanging farmland rotary tillage device, shrink hydraulic stem 10 make compression roller frame 7 and press roller 8 hoist and break away from ground, and the press roller lifts up, can avoid the mud piece that produces to be in the same place by the press roller pressfitting once more. Adjacent groups of main cutterheads 3 and auxiliary cutterheads 5 are attached by adjusting the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism, so that the axial rotary tillage density of the farmland rotary tillage device is reduced, the farmland is rotary tillage for the first time, the farmland is rotary tillage into a three-dimensional soil structure containing large soil blocks, meanwhile, the farmland is changed from surface airing into three-dimensional airing, the soil moisture evaporation area of the farmland is increased, and the farmland airing speed is improved. The hydraulic distance-adjusting mechanism moves the annular driving plate in the direction close to the chain wheel shell to enable the distance between the auxiliary cutter disc and the adjacent auxiliary cutter disc to be maximum, even if the whole device is adjusted to be in a state of maximum distance between rotary blades, the bending directions of the adjacent auxiliary blades and the main blades are opposite, the soil blocks can be cut when the device rotates, the bent blade tips can bring out the soil blocks, and the distance is increased to enable the cut soil blocks to be enlarged. Meanwhile, the farmland is changed from surface airing into three-dimensional airing, the soil moisture evaporation area of the farmland is increased, the moisture volatilization speed is improved, and the farmland airing speed is improved.

S3: rotary tillage and crushing: when the soil humidity reaches the planting requirement, carrying out secondary rotary tillage by utilizing a farmland rotary tillage device; the hydraulic rod 10 of the farmland rotary tillage device is controlled to extend, the pressing roller frame 7 and the pressing roller 8 are lowered to be in contact with the ground, and the pressing roller is lowered during secondary rotary tillage, so that the fluffy soil compaction after rotary tillage can be realized, and plant growth is facilitated. The hydraulic distance-adjusting mechanism is regulated to separate the adjacent group of main cutterhead 3 from the auxiliary cutterhead 5, so that the axial rotary tillage density of the farmland rotary tillage device is increased, and the crushing capacity is enhanced; specifically, the auxiliary cutter head is moved to the middle position of the two groups of main cutter heads, so that the whole cutting surface is more uniform, and the crushing capacity is higher. Tractor hanging farmland rotary tillage device carries out the rotary tillage to the farmland, and the big soil block in step S2 is broken when the rotary tillage, forms and suits kind of soil, and the roller 8 carries out preliminary compaction to broken soil, avoids soil too fluffy influence plant growth. Utilize rotary blade axial density intensive state on the rotary tillage harrow to carry out the secondary crushing to the farmland, can make farmland soil block directly smash into good crushing effect, avoided prior art to form the phenomenon that the mud ball that the size is less can't carry out thoroughly crushing for the land rotary tillage leveling effect is better, and the leveling quality is higher.

The method can greatly shorten the soil airing time, greatly advance the autumn planting time, increase the wheat head-growing rate and avoid the phenomenon of cost increase caused by the increase of the sowing quantity; solves the problems that the airing time is longer when the soil humidity is high before autumn sowing, and the existing rotary tillage equipment and rotary tillage method have poor farmland leveling effect on larger humidity.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A rotary tillage device for farmland, which is characterized in that: the machine comprises a frame (1), wherein a main shaft (2) is rotationally arranged on the frame (1), a plurality of groups of main cutterheads (3) are fixedly arranged on the main shaft (2) at equal intervals, a secondary shaft (4) is slidably arranged on the main shaft (2), the secondary shaft (4) is coaxial with the main cutterhead (3) and is slidably connected, a plurality of groups of auxiliary cutterheads (5) are fixedly arranged on the secondary shaft (4) at equal intervals, the main cutterhead (3) and the auxiliary cutterhead (5) are alternately matched and arranged, the main shaft (2) is in transmission connection with a main shaft box (6) fixedly arranged on the frame (1), the secondary shaft (4) is matched with a hydraulic pressure adjustable mechanism arranged on the frame (1), a compression roller frame (7) is hinged at the rear part of the frame (1), a compression roller (8) is rotationally arranged on the compression roller frame (7), and the compression roller frame (7) is hinged with a hydraulic rod (10) arranged on the frame (1).

The compression roller frame (7) comprises a U-shaped frame body (71), the connecting part of the U-shaped frame body (71) is hinged with a frame (1) through a hinge arm (72), a pressing roller (8) is rotationally arranged at an opening of the U-shaped frame body (71), two spring telescopic compression rods (79) are fixedly and symmetrically arranged on the U-shaped frame body (71), connecting plates (73) are fixedly connected to the telescopic ends of the two spring telescopic compression rods (79), a hinge table (74) is arranged on the connecting plates (73), the connecting plates (73) are hinged with a hydraulic rod (10) through the hinge table (74), a bearing plate (75) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the U-shaped frame body, a reinforcing frame (76) is arranged on the bearing plate (75), and a balancing weight (77) is arranged in the reinforcing frame (76), and a first soil blocking cover (78) is fixedly arranged below the bearing plate (75);

the pressing roller (8) comprises a roller (81), the roller (81) is rotatably arranged on a roller shaft (82), the roller shaft (82) is rotatably connected with the U-shaped frame body (71), and pressing needles (83) are uniformly distributed on the roller (81);

the auxiliary shaft (4) comprises at least two shaft bodies (41) which are arranged in a central symmetry mode, and the end parts of the shaft bodies (41) are fixedly connected through annular driving plates (42);

the hydraulic pressure adjustable distance mechanism is including dismantling support arm (91) of establishing at frame (1) rear portion, support arm (91) are connected with briquetting (93) through first U type staple bolt (92), parallel between briquetting (93) and support arm (91) is equipped with two hydraulic push rods (94) opposite in extending direction, two hydraulic push rods (94) extend the portion and all fix and be equipped with shift fork (95), shift fork (95) middle part and fix slide shaft (96) sliding connection of establishing at support arm (91) tip, two of shift fork (95) dial the arm and cooperate with annular drive plate (42) both sides wall respectively, it is equipped with gyro wheel (97) to dial the rotation on the arm.

2. The rotary tillage apparatus for farmland according to claim 1, wherein: the two ends of the main shaft (2) are rotationally connected with the frame (1), the middle part of the main shaft (2) is in transmission connection with the main shaft box (6) through a first chain transmission pair, a chain wheel shell (22) is arranged outside the first chain transmission pair, the chain wheel shell (22) is connected with the main shaft (2) through a bearing, two auxiliary shafts (4) are slidably arranged on the main shaft (2) at two sides of the chain wheel shell (22), and a hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism is corresponding to the chain wheel shell (22) and is matched with the two auxiliary shafts (4);

the spindle box (6) comprises a box body (61) fixedly arranged on a frame (1), a first transmission shaft (62) and a second transmission shaft (63) are arranged in parallel relative to a spindle (2) in the box body (61), the first transmission shaft (62) and the second transmission shaft (63) are in transmission connection through a second chain transmission pair (64), the second transmission shaft (63) is in transmission connection with the spindle (2) through the first chain transmission pair, a chain wheel shell (22) is connected with the second transmission shaft (63) through a bearing, a rectangular opening matched with the chain wheel shell (22) is formed in the box body (61), a driving shaft (65) is arranged on the front face of the box body (61) in a rotating mode, and the driving shaft (65) is in transmission connection with the first transmission shaft (62) through a bevel gear pair (66).

3. The rotary tillage apparatus for farmland according to claim 2, wherein: the main cutter disc (3) comprises an annular main cutter disc (31) fixedly connected with the main shaft (2), at least two main cutter seats (32) are uniformly distributed on the annular main cutter disc (31), main cutters (33) are detachably arranged on the main cutter seats (32), at least two clamping grooves (34) are formed in the inner annular surface of the annular main cutter disc (31) in a central symmetry mode, and the auxiliary shaft (4) is matched with the annular main cutter disc (31) through the clamping grooves (34).

4. A rotary tillage apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the shaft body (41) is matched with the clamping groove (34) in shape and matched with the clamping groove in a sliding manner, the auxiliary cutter head (5) is fixedly connected with the shaft body (41), and the two auxiliary shafts (4) are matched with the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism through an annular driving plate (42); the auxiliary cutterhead (5) comprises an annular auxiliary shaft disc (51) fixedly connected with the shaft body (41), at least two auxiliary cutterheads (52) are uniformly distributed on the annular auxiliary shaft disc (51), the number of the auxiliary cutterheads (52) is consistent with that of the main cutterheads (32), and auxiliary cutterheads (53) are detachably arranged on the auxiliary cutterheads (52).

5. The rotary tillage apparatus for farmland according to claim 4, wherein: the auxiliary knife (53) and the main knife (33) comprise a knife handle (331), the knife handle (331) is inserted and arranged on the auxiliary knife holder (52) or the main knife holder (32), locking bolts matched with the knife handle (331) are arranged on the auxiliary knife holder (52) and the main knife holder (32), the knife handle (331) is fixedly connected with the streamline knife body (332), reinforcing ribs (333) are integrally formed in the back of the streamline knife body (332), one end of each reinforcing rib (333) is flush with one end of the knife handle (331), the other end of each reinforcing rib (333) is flush with the edge of the streamline knife body (332), and the bending directions of the streamline knife bodies (332) of the auxiliary knife (53) and the main knife (33) are opposite.

6. The rotary tillage apparatus for farmland according to claim 5, wherein: each group of axially adjacent auxiliary tool holders (52) and the main tool holder (32) are respectively arranged on one side opposite to or opposite to the corresponding adjacent main tool holders (3) and auxiliary tool holders (5), the auxiliary tool holders (52) and the main tool holders (32) of the same group are in cross fit, the axially adjacent main tool holders (32) of the main tool holders (3) on the same side of the main spindle box (6) are in cross fit, and the axially adjacent auxiliary tool holders (52) of the auxiliary tool holders (5) are in cross fit.

7. The rotary tillage apparatus for farmland according to claim 6, wherein: frame (1) is including support body (11), headstock (6) are fixed to be established on support body (11), support body (11) both sides are equipped with fixed plate (12), main shaft (2) are connected with fixed plate (12) rotation through the bearing, support body (11) front portion and headstock correspond and are equipped with soil separating plow (13), support body (11) lower part can be dismantled and be equipped with second retaining cover (14), support body (11) rear portion is equipped with articulated shaft (15), support body (11) are articulated through articulated shaft (15) and articulated arm (72), fixed be equipped with supporting bench (16) on support body (11), supporting bench (16) are articulated with articulated seat (17), be connected with hydraulic stem (10) through second U type staple bolt (18) on articulated seat (17), be equipped with groove backing plate (19) between hydraulic stem (10) and articulated bench (74), be equipped with tractor hanger (20) on support body (11).

8. A rotary tillage method for farmland according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: field forming and blocking: the tractor is hung with the farmland rotary tillage device, the compression hydraulic rod (10) enables the compression roller frame (7) and the compression roller (8) to hoist and separate from the ground, the hydraulic distance adjusting mechanism is regulated to enable a group of adjacent main cutterhead (3) and auxiliary cutterhead (5) to be attached, so that the axial rotary tillage density of the farmland rotary tillage device is reduced, then the farmland is subjected to rotary tillage for the first time, the farmland is rotary tillage into a three-dimensional soil structure containing large soil blocks, meanwhile, the farmland is changed from ground surface airing into three-dimensional airing, the farmland soil moisture evaporation area is increased, and the farmland airing speed is improved;

s2: and (5) airing: airing and air-drying for a period of time according to the humidity of farmland soil;

s3: rotary tillage and crushing: when the soil humidity reaches the planting requirement, carrying out secondary rotary tillage by utilizing a farmland rotary tillage device; controlling a hydraulic rod (10) of the farmland rotary tillage device to extend out, lowering a roller frame (7) and a roller (8) to be in contact with the ground, and adjusting a hydraulic distance-adjusting mechanism to separate an adjacent group of main cutterhead (3) and auxiliary cutterhead (5), so that the axial rotary tillage density of the farmland rotary tillage device is increased, and the crushing capacity is enhanced; tractor hanging farmland rotary tillage device carries out the rotary tillage to the farmland, and the big soil block in step S2 is broken when the rotary tillage, forms and suits kind of soil, and roller (8) carry out preliminary compaction to broken soil, avoids soil too fluffy influence plant growth.