CN114793442A - 柴油-蒸汽动力装置 - Google Patents

柴油-蒸汽动力装置 Download PDF

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CN114793442A
CN114793442A CN202080081379.7A CN202080081379A CN114793442A CN 114793442 A CN114793442 A CN 114793442A CN 202080081379 A CN202080081379 A CN 202080081379A CN 114793442 A CN114793442 A CN 114793442A
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steam
diesel
water
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power plant
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伊万·伊万诺维奇·科特巴赫
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Yi WanYiwannuoweiqiKetebahe
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B21/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines
    • F01B21/04—Combinations of two or more machines or engines the machines or engines being not all of reciprocating-piston type, e.g. of reciprocating steam engine with steam turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/038—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of perforated plates defining expansion chambers associated with condensation and collection chambers, e.g. for adiabatic expansion of gases and subsequent collection of condensed liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
    • F02B41/10—Engines with prolonged expansion in exhaust turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/22—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a condensation chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2290/00—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes
    • F01N2290/02—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement
    • F01N2290/04—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement driven by exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1426—Filtration means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1433—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

柴油‑蒸汽发电动力装置设置有水/水型热交换器和设置有油/水型热交换器的油冷却系统。所提出的本发明还包括供水系统、包括蒸汽涡轮机和蒸汽冷凝器的蒸汽发生器、以及用于循环冷却剂的系统。

Description

柴油-蒸汽动力装置
本发明涉及发动机制造领域，主要涉及柴油或气体活塞动力生成装置的动力装置，并且可以用于从废热损失和压力生成电力，以及捕获废气的有害成分。
已知的柴油发电机组DGS(来源1)、(来源2)由与柴油发动机相关联的发电机组成。众所周知的柴油发动机设置有带有散热器的工作流体冷却系统、带有散热器的油冷却系统、带有涡轮增压器的排气系统，并且设置有消声器。
已知的柴油发电机组的缺点是：废气中的所有热量和压力都被排放到大气中，从而使单元的效率降低一半以上，并且来自废气的有害成分被释放到大气中，对环境造成负面影响。
本发明基于改进已知的柴油发电机组的任务，其中柴油发动机冷却系统设置有水-水型热交换器，并且油冷却系统设置有油-水型热交换器并且额外地引入水供应系统的所提出的发明的设计中，柴油发动机动力系统额外地引入带有蒸汽涡轮机的蒸汽发生器和蒸汽冷凝器以及冷却液循环系统。
通过本发明的工作实现的技术效果是：在相同的燃料消耗量下增加产生的电量；降低电量成本；增加动力装置的效率因数；减少有害组分排放到大气中的量。
此外，由于本发明的操作，在不需要水处理的情况下，可以将释放的热量用于家庭和技术需求。实现这一目标的原因是：在柴油发动机的操作期间所产生的热量用于加热水，然后在压力下将水注入柴油发动机的高温废气中，水在该高温废气中主动地蒸发并且进入蒸汽涡轮机中以产生电力。此外，该系统的重要组成部分是蒸汽形成随着水与热废气的直接接触而发生，因此无需水处理，从而显著提高动力装置的效率和环境性能。
附图(图1)示出了包括发电机(1)和与该发电机相关联的柴油发动机(2)的柴油-蒸汽动力装置的图示。
柴油发动机冷却系统设置有水-水型热交换器(3)，并且油冷却系统设置有油-水型热交换器(4)。
柴油-蒸汽动力装置包括带有蒸汽涡轮机(6)的蒸汽发生器(5)和带有冷却循环系统液体(8)的蒸汽冷凝器(7)。
蒸汽涡轮机(6)与发电机(9)连接。
蒸汽发生器依次由喷嘴部件(11)的接收入口歧管(10)、喷嘴(12)、分隔件(13)、带有烟灰和夹渣器(14)的涡旋腔室组成。
蒸汽涡轮机(6)依次设置有带有消音器(16)的过压释放阀(15)。
供水系统设置有泵(17)和过滤器(18)。
柴油发动机动力系统设置有电动涡轮压缩机(19)。
柴油-蒸汽动力系统操作如下：在来自排气系统的柴油发动机操作期间，处于9-12kg/cm压力和600-700℃温度下的气体进入喷嘴部件(11)的入口歧管(10)至分离器(13)，分离器(13)被主动加热。
同时，在压力下通过喷嘴(12)供应加热至95-100℃的水。压力进而由泵17产生，并且水在热交换器3和4中被串联加热。
加热的或者过热的水被注入到高温废气的流中，并且与热分离器(13)和气体接触，主动地变成蒸汽并且增大喷嘴部件(11)中的压力和速度，在涡流腔室(14)中将运动方向改变90°，并且由于质量差和离心力而使形成的渣和烟灰沉淀。
接下来，蒸汽进入蒸汽轮机(6)的叶片，在那里转化为机械能，即转化为传输到发电机(9)的旋转运动。
接着，排出的蒸汽进入冷凝器(7)，在那里冷凝成水。对于在工作区域中的主动蒸汽冷凝，冷凝器(7)设置有冷却液循环系统(8)，其中液体从家用和技术消费者的加热系统、海水(在船上使用的情况下)或其他冷却液体供应。
为了稳定该压力，该蒸汽涡轮机设置有过压阀(15)和消音器(16)。
为了清洗供水系统中的冷凝液体，该蒸汽涡轮机设置有过滤器(18)。
电驱动涡轮压缩机(19)设置以在柴油发动机动力供应系统中产生过量压力。
资料来源：
1.V.I.Stern"柴油动力装置的运行"。莫斯科能源，1980。
2.B.E.Poliker,L.L.Mikhalskyy,V.A.Markov"用于电气单元和热电厂的运输柴油发动机的转化问题"。莫斯科2006UDC 621.435BBK 31.365。

Claims (1)

1.一种由发电机和相关联的柴油发动机组成的柴油-蒸汽动力装置，其特征在于，所述柴油-蒸汽动力装置包括：设置有水-水热交换器(3)的柴油发动机冷却系统、设置有油-水热交换器(4)的油冷却系统、冷却剂循环系统(8)、设置有泵(17)和过滤器(18)的供水系统、设置有电动涡轮压缩机(19)的柴油发动机动力系统，带有蒸汽涡轮机(6)的蒸汽发生器(5)和蒸汽冷凝器(7)被额外地引入所述柴油-蒸汽动力装置，所述蒸汽发生器(5)包括作为元件的接收入口歧管(10)、喷嘴部件(11)、至少一个喷嘴(12)、分隔件(13)、带有烟灰和夹渣器(14)的涡旋腔室，所述蒸汽涡轮机(6)连接至发电机(9)并且设置有带有消音器(16)的过压释放阀(15)。
CN202080081379.7A 2019-10-21 2020-11-24 柴油-蒸汽动力装置 Pending CN114793442A (zh)

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