CN114790897A - Open-shield double-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine) - Google Patents
Open-shield double-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine) Download PDFInfo
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- CN114790897A CN114790897A CN202210722874.2A CN202210722874A CN114790897A CN 114790897 A CN114790897 A CN 114790897A CN 202210722874 A CN202210722874 A CN 202210722874A CN 114790897 A CN114790897 A CN 114790897A
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- tbm
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- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0621—Shield advancing devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/126—Loading devices or installations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock tunnel excavation equipment, and discloses an open-shield double-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine). The open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine) comprises a boring system, a supporting and propelling system, a supporting system, a transmission system and a rear matching device; the tunneling system comprises a cutter head, a main drive, shield supporting shoes and a bottom shield, wherein the cutter head is arranged at the end part of the main drive, the shield supporting shoes are arranged on the left and right sides of the main drive, and the bottom shield is arranged on the lower side of the main drive; support advancing system by flexible outer shield, flexible interior shield, prop tight shield and constitute, flexible interior shield nestification is inboard at flexible outer shield, both constitute flexible shield jointly and lie in the main drive rear side, flexible interior shield rear end with prop tight shield and link to each other. The heading machine integrates machinery, hydraulic pressure and electricity, can finish rapid excavation and efficient supporting of a tunnel with a small turning radius, and has the characteristics of high degree of mechanization, compact structure, convenience in man-machine combination and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock tunnel excavation equipment, in particular to an open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine).
Background
The TBM tunneling machine is high-efficiency hard rock tunneling equipment, is widely applied to the fields of transportation, water diversion and the like, and is also applied and developed to a certain extent in the field of coal mines in recent years. Compared with the traditional blasting excavation mode in the field of coal mines, the TBM tunneling machine can realize rapid tunneling and efficient supporting, can adapt to different geological conditions, and is paid more attention.
Most of rock tunnel have turning phenomenon, and with the application of TBM entry driving machine, have proposed higher requirement to the small-radius turn of equipment. The turning radius of the open-type TBM is limited by the left and right strokes of the double-rod tensioning oil cylinder and the length of a main beam of the open-type TBM, and the turning radius is large and cannot meet the requirement of a small turning radius of a mine. Meanwhile, when a large-diameter roadway is excavated, the whole structure of the open type TBM tunneling machine is huge, and the transportation cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine), which integrates machinery, hydraulic pressure and electricity, can finish quick excavation and efficient support of a small-turning-radius tunnel, and has the characteristics of high degree of mechanization, compact structure, convenience in man-machine combination and the like.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine) comprises a boring system, a supporting and propelling system, a supporting system, a transmission system and a rear matching device.
The tunneling system comprises a cutter head, a main drive, shield supporting shoes and a bottom shield, wherein the cutter head is arranged at the end part of the main drive, the shield supporting shoes are arranged on the left side and the right side of the main drive, and the bottom shield is arranged on the lower side of the main drive; the supporting and propelling system consists of a telescopic outer shield, a telescopic inner shield and a tightening shield, wherein the telescopic inner shield is nested in the inner side of the telescopic outer shield, the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield jointly form a telescopic shield positioned at the rear side of the main drive, the telescopic shield is in an inverted arch shape with the upper part horizontally sunken, the telescopic shield is internally and vertically and bilaterally symmetrically arranged on propelling cylinders with parallel normal lines of the excavation section, the front ends of the propelling cylinders are connected with the telescopic outer shield, and the rear ends of the propelling cylinders are connected with the telescopic inner shield; a torque oil cylinder is arranged between the upper propulsion oil cylinder and the lower propulsion oil cylinder, one end of the torque oil cylinder is connected with the telescopic outer shield, and the other end of the torque oil cylinder is connected with the telescopic inner shield. The rear end of the telescopic inner shield is connected with the tightening shield, the left shoe and the right shoe are arranged on two sides of the tightening shield, the left shoe and the right shoe are horizontally arranged between the left shoe and the right shoe and are connected with the tightening oil cylinder with the excavation section parallel to each other, and a platform is arranged above the tightening oil cylinder.
The support system comprises a support protection device and a jumbolter, wherein the jumbolter is respectively arranged on a telescopic outer shield and a rear matching device, the support protection device is arranged above a main drive, and a rear finger shield is arranged on the support protection device and is positioned above the telescopic shield jumbolter. The jumbolter adopted by the support system can rotate in multiple degrees of freedom so as to improve the support efficiency.
The transmission system comprises a primary straight-through type reversed loader and a secondary reversed loader, wherein the tail of the primary straight-through type reversed loader is positioned on the rear side of the cutter head, the machine body penetrates through the main driving center, the machine head is positioned on the inner side of the telescopic inner shield, the tail of the secondary reversed loader is positioned under the machine head of the primary straight-through type reversed loader, the machine body penetrates through the lower side of the center of the telescopic shield and the tightening shield, and the rack of the secondary reversed loader is connected with a rear matching device.
And the rear matching device is provided with a hydraulic station, an electric appliance control cabinet, a water tank, a sewage tank, a grease pump and a cable frame.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the tunnel boring machine is characterized in that a movable cutter disc is driven to rotate to realize tunnel boring, a telescopic shield extends out and retracts to realize advancing and retreating of the tunnel boring machine and provide power for advancing of a rear matching device, and a support shield provides advancing supporting force for the whole tunnel boring machine and resists torque generated in a cutter disc boring process.
2. According to the open-shield double-mode small-turning-radius TBM tunneling machine, the telescopic shield and the tightening shield are both arranged to be inverted arch-shaped, the concave platform is arranged above the telescopic shield and used for placing a roof-bolter and pedestrians, the support protection device is arranged above the roof-bolter, an operator is arranged below the support protection device to operate the roof-bolter, the wall support can be safely and efficiently realized, compared with the double-shield TBM, the roof-bolter 9 is arranged above the telescopic shield, the space of a host machine is fully utilized, and the efficient synchronization of tunneling and support is realized.
3. According to the open-shield double-mode small-turning-radius TBM tunneling machine, the primary straight-through type reversed loader and the secondary reversed loader are located on the inner sides of the telescopic shield and the tightening shield, the compact layout of a main machine is realized, the reversed loader extends from a cutter head to a rear matching device, and the continuous output of dregs is realized.
4. The rear matching device of the open-shield double-mode small-turning-radius TBM heading machine is connected with the tightening shield in front and provides support for the secondary reversed loader; the back matching device comprises a hydraulic station, an electric control cabinet, a water tank, a sewage tank, a grease pump and a cable frame. The hydraulic station, the electrical control cabinet, the water tank, the sewage tank, the grease pump and the cable frame are the functional guarantee of the whole TBM heading machine for rapid heading, and the function is absolutely necessary. The efficient operation of the TBM heading machine is ensured under the effective cooperation of various mechanisms and equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mainframe according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of the telescopic shield of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view B-B of the tightening shield of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a cutter 1, a main drive 2, a shield support shoe 3, a bottom shield 4, a telescopic outer shield 5, a telescopic inner shield 6, a propulsion oil cylinder 6-1, a torque oil cylinder 6-2, a tightening shield 7, a left support shoe 7-1, a tightening oil cylinder 7-2, a platform 7-3, a right support shoe 7-4, a support protection device 8, an anchor rod drilling machine 9, a primary straight-through type reversed loader 10, a secondary reversed loader 11 and a rear matching device 12.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: an open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine) comprises a boring system, a supporting and propelling system, a supporting system, a transmission system and a rear matching device.
The tunneling system comprises a cutter head 1, a main drive 2, shield supporting shoes 3 and a bottom shield 4, wherein the cutter head 1 is arranged at the end part of the main drive 2, the shield supporting shoes 3 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the main drive 2, and the bottom shield 4 is arranged on the lower side of the main drive 2; the supporting and propelling system comprises a telescopic outer shield 5, a telescopic inner shield 6 and a tightening shield 7, wherein the telescopic inner shield 6 is nested inside the telescopic outer shield 5, the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield jointly form a telescopic shield positioned on the rear side of the main drive 2, the telescopic shield is in an inverted arch shape with a horizontally-recessed upper part, the telescopic shield is internally and vertically and bilaterally symmetrically arranged on a propelling oil cylinder 6-1 with parallel normal lines of a digging section, the front end of the propelling oil cylinder 6-1 is connected with the telescopic outer shield 5, and the rear end of the propelling oil cylinder is connected with the telescopic inner shield 6; a torque oil cylinder 6-2 is arranged between the upper propulsion oil cylinder 6-1 and the lower propulsion oil cylinder 6-1, one end of the torque oil cylinder 6-2 is connected with the telescopic outer shield 5, and the other end is connected with the telescopic inner shield 6. The rear end of a telescopic inner shield 6 is connected with a tightening shield 7, a left shoe 7-1 and a right shoe 7-4 are arranged on two sides of the tightening shield 7, the left shoe and the right shoe are horizontally arranged between the left shoe and the right shoe to realize connection with a tightening oil cylinder 7-2 with a parallel digging section, and a platform 7-3 is arranged above the tightening oil cylinder 7-2.
The supporting system comprises a supporting protection device 8 and a roofbolter 9, wherein the roofbolter 9 is respectively installed on a telescopic outer shield 5 and a rear matching device 12, the supporting protection device 8 is installed above a main drive 2, a rear finger shield is arranged on the supporting protection device 8, and the supporting protection device is located above the telescopic shield roofbolter 9. The jumbolter 9 adopted by the support system can rotate with multiple degrees of freedom so as to improve the support efficiency.
The transmission system comprises a primary straight-through type reversed loader 10 and a secondary reversed loader 11, wherein the tail of the primary straight-through type reversed loader 10 is positioned at the rear side of the cutter head 1, the machine body penetrates through the center of the main drive 2, the machine head is positioned at the inner side of the telescopic inner shield 6, the tail of the secondary reversed loader 11 is positioned under the machine head of the primary straight-through type reversed loader 10, the machine body penetrates through the lower sides of the centers of the telescopic shield and the support shield 7, and the rack of the secondary reversed loader 11 is connected with a rear matching device 12.
The rear matching device 12 is provided with a hydraulic station, an electric appliance control cabinet, a water tank, a sewage tank, a grease pump and a cable frame.
The working principle of the invention is that the tunneling machine drives the cutter head 1 to rotate by the main drive 2 to realize the excavation of the tunnel, the telescopic shield extends out and retracts to realize the advancing and retreating of the TBM tunneling machine and provide power for the advancing of the rear matching device 12, and the support shield 7 provides an advancing supporting force for the whole TBM tunneling machine and resists the torque generated in the tunneling process of the cutter head. In the step changing process, the shield supporting boots 3 and the bottom shield 4 provide supporting force for the main machine. In the turning process, the main engine is turned by the pressure difference between the left and right propelling cylinders 6-1 in the telescopic shield. Compared with an open type TBM, the design shortens the length of a main machine, has a more compact structure, and can realize small-radius turning of the TBM.
In conclusion, the telescopic shield and the tightening shield 7 used by the heading machine are both arranged to be inverted arch-shaped, the concave platforms are arranged above the telescopic shield and the tightening shield and used for placing the anchor drilling machine 9 and pedestrians, the support protection device 8 is arranged above the anchor drilling machine 9, an operator is arranged below the support protection device 8 to operate the anchor drilling machine 9, and therefore the tunnel wall support can be achieved safely and efficiently. Compared with a double-shield TBM, the anchor rod drilling machine 9 is positioned above the telescopic shield, so that the space of a host machine is fully utilized, and efficient synchronization of tunneling and supporting is realized.
The primary straight-through type reversed loader 10 and the secondary reversed loader 11 used by the heading machine are positioned on the inner side of the shield body, so that the compact layout of the main machine is realized. The reversed loader extends from the cutter head 1 to the rear matching device 12, and continuous output of the muck is realized.
The rear matching device 12 is connected with the tightening shield 7 in front and provides support for the secondary reversed loader 11 in the rear. The back matching device 12 comprises a hydraulic station, an electrical control cabinet, a water tank, a sewage tank, a grease pump and a cable frame. The hydraulic station, the electrical control cabinet, the water tank, the sewage tank, the grease pump and the cable frame are the functional guarantee of the whole TBM heading machine for rapid heading, and the lack of the function is one. The efficient operation of the TBM tunneling machine is ensured under the effective cooperation of each mechanism and equipment.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, and the invention is therefore not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an open-shield bimodulus small turning radius TBM entry driving machine which characterized in that: the device comprises a tunneling system, a supporting and propelling system, a supporting system, a transmission system and a rear matching device; the tunneling system comprises a cutter head, a main drive, shield supporting shoes and a bottom shield, wherein the cutter head is arranged at the end part of the main drive, the shield supporting shoes are arranged on the left and right sides of the main drive, and the bottom shield is arranged on the lower side of the main drive; the supporting and propelling system consists of a telescopic outer shield, a telescopic inner shield and a tightening shield, the telescopic inner shield is nested in the inner side of the telescopic outer shield, the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield jointly form a telescopic shield positioned on the rear side of the main drive, and the rear end of the telescopic inner shield is connected with the tightening shield; the support system comprises a support protection device and a jumbolter, the jumbolter is respectively arranged on the telescopic outer shield and the rear matching device, and the support protection device is arranged above the main drive; the transmission system comprises a primary straight-through type reversed loader and a secondary reversed loader; and the rear matching device is provided with a hydraulic station, an electric appliance control cabinet, a water tank, a sewage tank, a grease pump and a cable frame.
2. The open-shield double-mold small-turning-radius TBM heading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the telescopic shield and the tightening shield are inverted arch-shaped with upper parts horizontally sunken, and concave platforms are arranged above the telescopic shield and the tightening shield.
3. The open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the telescopic shield is internally and symmetrically arranged on the propulsion oil cylinders parallel to the normal line of the excavation section from top to bottom and from left to right, the front ends of the propulsion oil cylinders are connected with the telescopic outer shield, and the rear ends of the propulsion oil cylinders are connected with the telescopic inner shield.
4. The open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM tunneling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: a torque oil cylinder is arranged between the upper propulsion oil cylinder and the lower propulsion oil cylinder, one end of the torque oil cylinder is connected with the telescopic outer shield, and the other end of the torque oil cylinder is connected with the telescopic inner shield.
5. The open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM heading machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: and a left supporting shoe and a right supporting shoe are arranged on two sides of the tightening shield, and the left supporting shoe and the right supporting shoe are horizontally arranged between the left supporting shoe and the right supporting shoe and are connected with each other by a tightening oil cylinder with a parallel digging section.
6. The open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM tunneling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: the support protection device is provided with a rear-finger shield which is positioned above the telescopic shield jumbolter, and the jumbolter can realize multi-degree-of-freedom rotary support.
7. The open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM heading machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: the tail of the primary straight-through type reversed loader is positioned at the rear side of the cutter head, the machine body penetrates through the main driving center, the machine head is positioned at the inner side of the telescopic inner shield, the tail of the secondary reversed loader is positioned under the machine head of the primary straight-through type reversed loader, the machine body penetrates through the lower sides of the centers of the telescopic shield and the tightening shield, and the rack of the secondary reversed loader is connected with a rear matching device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210722874.2A CN114790897B (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine) |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210722874.2A CN114790897B (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine) |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114790897A true CN114790897A (en) | 2022-07-26 |
| CN114790897B CN114790897B (en) | 2023-02-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210722874.2A Active CN114790897B (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Open-shield dual-mode small-turning-radius TBM (tunnel boring machine) |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115949422A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Large-inclination-angle small-turning-radius circular full-section modular heading machine |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202510121U (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-10-31 | 秦皇岛天业通联重工股份有限公司 | Hard rock boring machine |
| CN204082156U (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2015-01-07 | 中船重工（青岛）轨道交通装备有限公司 | A kind of combined type Double shield TBM |
| CN108756913A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-11-06 | 沈阳天安科技股份有限公司 | A kind of small-sized mining hard rock shield excavation machine |
| CN111577312A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-08-25 | 江苏神盾工程机械有限公司 | Small-size rock gangway TBM entry driving machine |
| CN111594200A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-28 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Shield body structure of heading machine and heading machine |
| CN113374486A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-10 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Hard rock tunnel boring machine |
| CN113464153A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-01 | 太原理工大学 | Compact full-face rock tunnel boring machine suitable for small-diameter rock tunnel |
-
2022
- 2022-06-24 CN CN202210722874.2A patent/CN114790897B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202510121U (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-10-31 | 秦皇岛天业通联重工股份有限公司 | Hard rock boring machine |
| CN204082156U (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2015-01-07 | 中船重工（青岛）轨道交通装备有限公司 | A kind of combined type Double shield TBM |
| CN108756913A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-11-06 | 沈阳天安科技股份有限公司 | A kind of small-sized mining hard rock shield excavation machine |
| CN111594200A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-28 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Shield body structure of heading machine and heading machine |
| CN111577312A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-08-25 | 江苏神盾工程机械有限公司 | Small-size rock gangway TBM entry driving machine |
| CN113374486A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-10 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Hard rock tunnel boring machine |
| CN113464153A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-01 | 太原理工大学 | Compact full-face rock tunnel boring machine suitable for small-diameter rock tunnel |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115949422A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Large-inclination-angle small-turning-radius circular full-section modular heading machine |
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| CN114790897B (en) | 2023-02-24 |
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