CN114790653B - 一种医用抗菌棉纱布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种医用抗菌棉纱布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114790653B
CN114790653B CN202210388376.9A CN202210388376A CN114790653B CN 114790653 B CN114790653 B CN 114790653B CN 202210388376 A CN202210388376 A CN 202210388376A CN 114790653 B CN114790653 B CN 114790653B
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cotton gauze
antibacterial
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CN114790653A (zh
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关国平
唐锐
王璐
周恒阳
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Shanghai Yiruo Pharmaceutical Technology Co ltd
Donghua University
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Donghua University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种医用抗菌棉纱布及其制备方法，属于医疗卫生材料技术领域。本发明通过对脱脂棉进行烷基化改性处理、蒸汽处理和抗菌液浸渍处理，得到了一种医用抗菌棉纱布。本发明的制备方法简单易行，通过对脱脂棉纱布进行烷基化改性处理之后，使得脱脂棉纱布表面带有更多的吸水基团，吸附效果更好，得到的抗菌棉纱布的抗菌效果得到显著提高。

Description

一种医用抗菌棉纱布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗卫生材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种医用抗菌棉纱布及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前一次性卫生纺织品常用的天然纤维原料中，应用最多的就是棉纤维。棉纤维是一种柔软舒适，吸湿性好，强力高，亲肤保暖，可生物降解的材料。由棉纤维制成的一次性卫生用纺织品是一种由纤维素层层叠加，透气多孔的材料，是适合细菌、真菌等微生物大量繁殖，肆意生长的环境。使用具有抗菌功能的卫生用纺织品不仅可以抑制微生物菌体在纺织品穿着及储存中的生长和繁殖，还避免了微生物菌体在环境中的交叉感染而危及人类健康，也能够在一定程度上延长一次性卫生用纺织品的使用时间。医用棉纱布是国内外广泛使用的产品，供清洁皮肤或创面、吸收手术过程中的体内渗出液、与创面护理常用药物一起使用及手术过程中支撑器官、组织等，国内生产的医用棉纱布在临床上己得到广泛应用，社会效益和经济效益明显。
棉纤维为纤维素纤维，具有良好的吸湿性能，脱脂处理可略微提高棉纤维的亲水性和吸附性。因此，目前的医用纱布都经过脱脂处理。目前己广泛采用棉纤维润胀剂浓烧碱溶液对棉纤维或纤维集合体在一定张力下进行整理，使棉纤维发生不可逆的剧烈溶胀。棉纤维的横截面由扁平的腰子形转变为圆形，纵向转曲消失，变成光滑的圆柱体，光泽变好，尺寸稳定性增强，强度增加，化学反应性能增强，对染料的吸附能力增强。但是该改性方法需要使用高浓度的烧碱，改性后需要用大量的水清洗，增加了对环境的污染，提高了制备成本。
因此，如何得到一种制备工艺简单、环境友好、对抗菌液吸附性能更好的抗菌棉纱布的制备方法，是目前需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种工艺简单、绿色环保、抗菌效果优异的抗菌棉纱布及其制备方法。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种医用抗菌棉纱布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将改性液喷淋到脱脂棉纱布上并加热，得到改性脱脂棉纱布；
将改性脱脂棉纱布蒸汽处理后浸入抗菌液中冻干处理，得到医用抗菌棉纱布。
进一步的，所述改性液由包含如下百分含量的原料组成：槐糖脂5～10％、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂3～5％、烷基磷酸酯5～10％，剩余为水。
进一步的，所述改性液喷淋的量为10～35mL/cm2。
进一步的，所述加热的温度为50～60℃，加热的时间为0.1～1h。
进一步的，所述蒸汽处理的温度为100～110℃，所述蒸汽处理的时间为5～20min。
进一步的，所述抗菌液由包含如下百分含量的原料组成：聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1～2％，臭氧化油0.1～0.5％，溶葡萄球菌酶0.1～2％、酰基季铵盐5～10％，剩余为水。
进一步的，所述冻干处理的温度为-40～-50℃，所述冻干处理的真空度≤20Pa。
进一步的，所述改性脱脂棉纱布在蒸汽处理之前需要超声清洗1～3次，每次超声清洗的时间为5～10min。
本发明提供了一种所述的制备方法制备得到的医用抗菌棉纱布。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明改性液中槐糖脂作为一种生物表面活性剂，其自身具有无毒、100％可降解、耐高温高盐、适应pH范围广及对环境友好等特性，辅助以甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂和烷基磷酸酯，不仅能够对脱脂棉纱布进行表面改性处理，提高脱脂棉纱布的表面活性及吸附性能，还能够使得同时具备抑菌杀菌效果的槐糖脂和甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂原位负载到脱脂棉纱布上，提高了脱脂棉纱布的抗菌性能。
本发明对改性后的脱脂棉纱布进行加热处理协同蒸汽处理，经过验证发现，相比较直接浸入抗菌液中，本发明加热和蒸汽处理之后得到的纱布抗菌性能提高了至少30％，抗菌耐久性也有显著的提高。因为加热处理和蒸汽处理能够提高改性纱布的吸水性，将处理后的纱布浸入抗菌液中大大提高了抗菌成分的吸附量，对提高纱布抗菌效果有显著的作用。
本发明采用的抗菌液成分为：聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1～2％，臭氧化油0.1～0.5％，溶葡萄球菌酶0.1～2％、酰基季铵盐5～10％。聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐(PHMB)作为一种广谱抗菌剂，无色无味，抑菌浓度低，能够在物品表面形成一层阳离子，持续长时间的抑菌。而且，诱导耐药菌发生率低。但是，PHMB在伤口处的抑菌效果还有待进一步提高。
经过长期研究，本发明提出一个新的抗菌液配方。即，将臭氧化油、溶葡萄球菌酶和酰基季铵盐与PHMB联合使用，发挥它们之间的正向协同抗菌作用，以显著提高抗菌效果。对致伤口感染的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率可达到99.9％以上。且利用该抗菌液处理的医用棉纱布的吸水性及透气性好，在显著抗感染的同时，还可明显提高伤口愈合质量。而且，本发明所述医用抗菌棉纱布的抗菌持久性好，使用24h后的抗菌率仍在99.0％以上。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种医用抗菌棉纱布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将改性液喷淋到脱脂棉纱布上并加热，得到改性脱脂棉纱布；
将改性脱脂棉纱布蒸汽处理后浸入抗菌液中冻干处理，得到医用抗菌棉纱布。
在本发明中，所述改性液由包含如下百分含量的原料组成：槐糖脂5～10％、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂3～5％、烷基磷酸酯5～10％，剩余为水；优选的，改性液包含：槐糖脂8％、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂4％、烷基磷酸酯7％，剩余为水。
在本发明中，所述烷基磷酸酯优选为十六烷基磷酸酯和/或十八烷基磷酸酯。
在本发明中，所述改性液喷淋的量为10～35mL/cm2，优选为15～30mL/cm2，进一步优选为20～25mL/cm2。
在本发明中，所述加热的温度为50～60℃，加热的时间为0.1～1h；优选的，加热的温度为52～58℃，加热的时间为0.5～1h；进一步优选的，加热的温度为55℃，加热的时间为0.5h。
在本发明中，所述蒸汽处理的温度为100～110℃，所述蒸汽处理的时间为5～20min；优选的，蒸汽处理的温度为102～108℃，蒸汽处理的时间为8～15min；进一步优选的，蒸汽处理的温度为105℃，蒸汽处理的时间为10min。
在本发明中，所述抗菌液由包含如下百分含量的原料组成：聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1～2％，臭氧化油0.1～0.5％，溶葡萄球菌酶0.1～2％、酰基季铵盐5～10％，剩余为水；优选的，抗菌液包含：聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.2～0.5％，臭氧化油0.2～0.4％，溶葡萄球菌酶0.2～1％、酰基季铵盐6～8％，剩余为水。
在本发明中，所述冻干处理的温度为-40～-50℃，所述冻干处理的真空度≤20Pa；优选的，冻干处理的温度为-45℃，冻干处理的真空度≤15Pa。
在本发明中，所述改性脱脂棉纱布在蒸汽处理之前需要超声清洗1～3次，每次超声清洗的时间为5～10min；优选的，改性脱脂棉纱布在蒸汽处理之前需要超声清洗2次，每次超声清洗的时间为6min。
在本发明中，浸入抗菌液是指完全浸没在抗菌液中，之后取出沥干后进行冻干处理。
本发明提供了一种医用抗菌棉纱布。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
将改性液均匀喷淋到脱脂棉纱布上，喷淋量为26mL/cm2，将喷淋过改性液的棉纱布放置于55℃干燥箱中加热处理0.5h，得到的改性脱脂棉纱布在超声中清洗3次，每次清洗5min；
将上述清洗后的改性脱脂棉纱布置于蒸汽箱中在100℃下处理5min后取出并快速的浸入抗菌液中，待完全浸渍并降至室温后取出，放入冻干机中-40℃、15Pa下快速冻干即得到医用抗菌棉纱布。
其中，改性液的成分为：槐糖脂5％、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂5％、十六烷基磷酸酯8％，剩余为水；抗菌液的成分为：聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1％，臭氧化油0.2％，溶葡萄球菌酶0.1％、酰基季铵盐8％，剩余为水。
实施例2
将改性液均匀喷淋到脱脂棉纱布上，喷淋量为30mL/cm2，将喷淋过改性液的棉纱布放置于50℃干燥箱中加热处理0.2h，得到的改性脱脂棉纱布在超声中清洗2次，每次清洗10min；
将上述清洗后的改性脱脂棉纱布置于蒸汽箱中在105℃下处理5min后取出并快速的浸入抗菌液中，待完全浸渍并降至室温后取出，放入冻干机中-40℃、20Pa下快速冻干即得到医用抗菌棉纱布。
其中，改性液的成分为：槐糖脂10％、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂3％、十八烷基磷酸酯5％，剩余为水；抗菌液的成分为：聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.5％，臭氧化油0.3％，溶葡萄球菌酶0.5％、酰基季铵盐6％，剩余为水。
实施例3
将改性液均匀喷淋到脱脂棉纱布上，喷淋量为32mL/cm2，将喷淋过改性液的棉纱布放置于60℃干燥箱中加热处理1h，得到的改性脱脂棉纱布在超声中清洗3次，每次清洗8min；
将上述清洗后的改性脱脂棉纱布置于蒸汽箱中在110℃下处理10min后取出并快速的浸入抗菌液中，待完全浸渍并降至室温后取出，放入冻干机中-42℃、13Pa下快速冻干即得到医用抗菌棉纱布。
其中，改性液的成分为：槐糖脂6％、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂4％、十六烷基磷酸酯5％，剩余为水；抗菌液的成分为：聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.2％，臭氧化油0.1％，溶葡萄球菌酶0.2％、酰基季铵盐10％，剩余为水。
实施例4
将改性液均匀喷淋到脱脂棉纱布上，喷淋量为35mL/cm2，将喷淋过改性液的棉纱布放置于50℃干燥箱中加热处理0.2h，得到的改性脱脂棉纱布在超声中清洗2次，每次清洗5min；
将上述清洗后的改性脱脂棉纱布置于蒸汽箱中在100℃下处理8min后取出并快速的浸入抗菌液中，待完全浸渍并降至室温后取出，放入冻干机中-50℃、19Pa下快速冻干即得到医用抗菌棉纱布。
其中，改性液的成分为：槐糖脂6％、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂3％、十六烷基磷酸酯9％，剩余为水；抗菌液的成分为：聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1％，臭氧化油0.1％，溶葡萄球菌酶0.6％、酰基季铵盐5％，剩余为水。
实施例5
将改性液均匀喷淋到脱脂棉纱布上，喷淋量为20mL/cm2，将喷淋过改性液的棉纱布放置于53℃干燥箱中加热处理0.8h，得到的改性脱脂棉纱布在超声中清洗3次，每次清洗8min；
将上述清洗后的改性脱脂棉纱布置于蒸汽箱中在105℃下处理15min后取出并快速的浸入抗菌液中，待完全浸渍并降至室温后取出，放入冻干机中-43℃、18Pa下快速冻干即得到医用抗菌棉纱布。
其中，改性液的成分为：槐糖脂8％、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂4％、十八烷基磷酸酯6％，剩余为水；抗菌液的成分为：聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.3％，臭氧化油0.3％，溶葡萄球菌酶0.1％、酰基季铵盐5％，剩余为水。
对比例1
同实施例1，区别在于，改性液处理之后不加热处理、不蒸汽处理。
对比例2
同实施例2，区别在于，抗菌液只采用0.5％的聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐。
对比例3
同实施例3，区别在于，改性液处理之后不加热处理、不蒸汽处理，抗菌液只采用0.2％的聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐。
对实施例1～5和对比例1～3得到的医用抗菌棉纱布进行抗菌性及抗菌持久性测试。其中，抗菌性测试方法参照GB/T 20944.2—2007纺织品抗菌性能的评价第2部分：吸收法，本发明测试的供试菌包含金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌。抗菌持久性测试的方法为，在进行第一次抗菌试验后24h，再重复测试一次抗菌性，方法同上。
测试结果如下表1：
表1医用抗菌棉纱布的抗菌性及抗菌持久性试验结果
由以上实施例可知，本发明提供了一种医用抗菌棉纱布及其制备方法。本发明通过对改性液配方进行研究，使各组分之间相互配合得到的纱布抗菌效果更突出。通过对改性棉纱布进行加热和蒸汽处理使得纱布表面吸水性更强，协同抗菌液的处理提高了纱布的抗菌持久性。对致伤口感染的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率达到99.9％以上。且本发明的医用抑菌棉纱布的吸水性及透气性好，保护伤口免受感染的同时，提高了伤口的愈合质量。本发明医用抗菌棉纱布的抗菌持久性好，使用24h后的抗菌率仍在99.0％以上。
由上表1可以看出，本发明的医用抗菌棉纱布相较于对比例1～3得到的棉纱布的抗菌率提高了至少30％，而未经过本发明加热和蒸汽处理的对比例1和对比例3的抗菌性显著较低。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种医用抗菌棉纱布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将改性液喷淋到脱脂棉纱布上并加热，得到改性脱脂棉纱布；
将改性脱脂棉纱布蒸汽处理后浸入抗菌液中冻干处理，得到医用抗菌棉纱布；
所述改性液由包含如下百分含量的原料组成：槐糖脂5～10％、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂3～5％、烷基磷酸酯5～10％，剩余为水；
所述加热的温度为50～60℃，加热的时间为0.1～1h；所述加热处理为放置于干燥箱中处理；
所述蒸汽处理的温度为100～110℃，所述蒸汽处理的时间为5～20min；
所述抗菌液由包含如下百分含量的原料组成：聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1～2％，臭氧化油0.1～0.5％，溶葡萄球菌酶0.1～2％、酰基季铵盐5～10％，剩余为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医用抗菌棉纱布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述改性液喷淋的量为10～35mL/cm2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的医用抗菌棉纱布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述冻干处理的温度为-40～-50℃，所述冻干处理的真空度≤20Pa。
4.根据权利要求1所述的医用抗菌棉纱布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述改性脱脂棉纱布在蒸汽处理之前需要超声清洗1～3次，每次超声清洗的时间为5～10min。
5.权利要求1～4任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的医用抗菌棉纱布。
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