CN114778842A - 用于检测去除了假阳性信号的抗原的方法和试剂盒 - Google Patents
用于检测去除了假阳性信号的抗原的方法和试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供了一种用于检测去除了假阳性信号的抗原的试剂盒。该试剂盒包括基底;可附着在基底上并具有用荧光材料标记的捕获链的捕获抗体;具有用荧光材料标记的检测链并与捕获链的部分或全部碱基序列互补的检测抗体;以及具有能够与捕获链或检测链互补结合以防止检测链和捕获链彼此互补结合的碱基序列的封闭链。
Description
技术领域
本发明通常涉及一种用于检测去除了假阳性信号的抗原的方法和试剂盒。
背景技术
在现有技术的免疫测定中,一种方法包括使用捕获抗体将抗原固定在基底表面,将用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)或荧光材料标记的检测抗体与抗原结合,以及经常使用通过HRP引起的缓冲液颜色变化、荧光材料的亮度等来测量抗原的量。然而,检测抗体可以通过非特异性结合与抗原以外的其他位点(诸如基底的表面)结合。因此,由于假阳性信号的存在,可能使测量的抗原量不准确。当样品中存在大量抗原时,这种假阳性信号可以忽略不计,但当存在少量抗原来检测病毒抗原时,可能会出现大的错误等。图1是显示了在现有技术的免疫测定中可能引起假阳性问题的图。
因此,当存在少量抗原时,需要开发一种具有高灵敏度且无任何假阳性信号的新方法,以减少受试者在收集大量血液时的心理和生理负担并提高诊断的准确性。
[现有技术文献]
[专利文献]
(专利文献0001)美国专利公开第20030190760号,名称为“Reducing nonspecificbinding in immunoassays perform on polymer solid phase”(2003年10月9日公布)。
(专利文献0002)美国专利第8445293号,名称为“Method to increasespecificity and/oraccuracy oflateral flow Immunoassays”(2013年5月21日登记)。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面提供了一种用于检测去除了假阳性信号的抗原的试剂盒,其包括基底;可附着在基底上并具有用荧光材料标记的捕获链的捕获抗体;具有用荧光材料标记的检测链并与捕获链的部分或全部碱基序列互补的检测抗体;以及具有能够与捕获链或检测链互补结合以防止检测链和捕获链彼此互补结合的碱基序列的封闭链。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种用于检测去除了假阳性信号的抗原的方法,包括:(a)制备具有用荧光材料标记的捕获链的捕获抗体;(b)制备具有用荧光材料标记的检测链并与捕获链的部分或全部碱基序列互补的检测抗体;(c)使封闭链与捕获链和检测链中的一条或多条互补结合;(e)将捕获抗体附着在基底上;(f)引入包含抗原的样品以诱导抗原、捕获抗体和检测抗体之间的抗原-抗体反应;(g)去除封闭链,使检测链与捕获链互补结合;(h)测量通过检测链与捕获链结合产生的荧光信号。
附图说明
通过参照附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施方案,本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点对于本领域技术人员将变得更加明显,其中:
图1是现有技术的免疫分析中可能出现的假阳性问题的示意图;
图2示出了使用FRET-PAINT技术在检测抗原过程中出现假阳性的问题;
图3示出了具有互补序列的捕获链和检测链的结合受到引入的封闭链的阻碍;
图4示出了使用去除链来去除封闭链的过程;和
图5示出了与检测链形成互补结合的各种封闭链。
具体实施方式
将简要描述本说明书中使用的术语。
在本说明书中,术语“生物标志物”包括可用于检查活生物体的正常或病理状况的所有类型的生物材料。
在本说明书中,术语“FRET”指通过两种相邻荧光材料的共振来传递能量的机制。具体地,该术语是指被光激发的荧光材料的能量转移到另一种相邻的荧光材料的现象,并且可以旨在包括本领域技术人员所认识到的常规FRET的所有含义。
在本说明书中,术语“FRET效率”是指根据荧光材料之间距离的不同的能量转移效率由利用光激发的荧光材料的能量转移到另一种相邻的荧光材料的现象的值表示,并且可以旨在包括本领域技术人员所认识到的常规FRET效率的所有含义。
在本说明书中,术语“供体”是指受光激发时能量发生转移的荧光材料,即当两种或更多种荧光材料彼此相邻时,吸收或发射波长相对较短的光的荧光材料。
在本说明书中,术语“受体”是指在激发态从供体接收能量的荧光材料,即当两种或更多种荧光材料彼此相邻时,吸收或发射波长相对较长的光的荧光材料。
在本说明书中,术语“链”是指生物聚合物的链或通过模拟生物聚合物合成的聚合物的链。在这种情况下,生物聚合物可以具有单链或双链结构,并且包括核酸或核酸类似物。核酸包括脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)或核糖核酸(RNA),核酸类似物包括肽核酸(PNA)、锁核酸(LNA)、吗啉核酸(MNA)、乙二醇核酸(GNA)、苏糖核酸(TNA)以及类似物。
在下文中,将参照附图详细描述本发明的各个示例性实施方案。然而,应当理解,本发明不限于以下公开的实施方案,而是可以以各种形式实施。因此,对示例性实施方案的所有修改、等同和替换都旨在落入本发明的范围内。
本说明书中使用的术语仅用于说明的目的,并不用于限制本发明。单数形式“a(一)”、“an(一)”和“the(该)”也旨在包括复数形式,除非上下文另有明确说明。将进一步理解,术语“包括(comprises)”、“包括(comprising)”、“包含(includes)”和/或“包含(including)”,当在本文中使用时,指定所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或组的存在,但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或它们的组。
将理解的是,当一个元件被称为在另一个元件“上”时,它可以直接在另一个元件上,或者中间的元件可以存在于它们之间。
如本文所用的,除非另有说明,否则术语(包括科学和技术术语)具有本领域技术人员通常理解的含义。此外,应理解,常用词典中定义的术语应理解为在其相关领域的上下文中具有一致的含义,且不应被理解为理想化或过于正式的含义,除非本说明书另有明确定义。
此外,在参考附图描述各个实施方案时,除非另有说明,否则将省略对相同元件的重复描述。
随着近来单分子荧光显微技术的发展,可以逐个观察分子。当该技术应用于生物标志物的检测时,灵敏度以fg/mL为单位增加1000倍(Nature 473,484-488,2011)。在常用的荧光成像中,使用将荧光材料固定在待观察的分子中并利用荧光信号区分不同类型的生物标志物的方法。在这种情况下,使用固定不同颜色的荧光材料并通过颜色差异区分生物标志物类型的方法,但使用常规的图像传感器仅可分别观察3至4种类型的荧光材料。因此,当使用单分子荧光显微技术时,以fg/mL为单位的灵敏度比传统方法提高了1000倍,但要检测的生物标志物的类型仍然限制在3到4种。
同时,作为在保持单分子荧光显微镜的高灵敏度的同时检测各种目标材料的方法,提供FRET(荧光共振能量转移)-PAINT技术作为基于FRET的DNA-PAINT技术。FRET是指一种受激发的供体的能量转移到受体上的现象。供体材料通常发射波长比受体材料短的光。在这种情况下,供体的发射波长与受体的激发波长在光谱上重叠。能量转移速率和效率取决于供体的发射波长和受体的激发波长之间的光谱重叠程度、供体的量子效率、供体和受体的跃迁偶极子的相对对齐程度、供体和受体之间的距离等。
例如,根据FRET-PAINT技术,对接链可以具有两个DNA结合位点,其可以分别是供体链和受体链的位点。对于单分子定位,使用受体的FRET信号。当使用FRET-PAINT技术时,受体不是直接激发的,而是由FRET激发的,以将成像器(供体和受体)的浓度增加几十到几百倍。因此,与DNA-PAINT(韩国专利第2195625号)相比,成像速度可以提高几十到几百倍。
由于本说明书中公开的技术也是基于FRET-PAINT技术,旨在提供一种高灵敏度和准确度的抗原检测方法和试剂盒。然而,如背景技术所述,即使使用FRET-PAINT技术检测抗原,仍存在假阳性信号的问题。为了解决这些问题,例如,可以使用将链结合到捕获抗体和检测抗体中的每一个的方法,该链具有能够形成FRET对的荧光材料。即,因为仅当检测抗体和捕获抗体两者同时与抗原结合时才可以检测到FRET,所以可以预期不会产生假阳性信号。但是,在这种情况下,也可能出现其他假阳性问题。
图2显示了在使用FRET-PAINT技术检测抗原的过程中出现假阳性的问题。在图2A中,用一种或多种荧光材料标记的一种或多种检测链与检测抗体结合,用一种或多种荧光材料标记的一种或多种捕获链与捕获抗体结合。检测链和捕获链中的一些或全部碱基序列彼此互补。当捕获链与检测链互补结合时,检测链中标记的荧光材料和捕获链中标记的荧光材料形成一个或多个FRET对。因此,可以看出,当检测到FRET信号时,检测抗体和捕获抗体都存在于相应的位置。图2B和2C显示了当捕获链与检测链互补结合时形成的FRET对的示例。如图2B和2C所示,检测链优选用供体的荧光材料标记,而捕获链优选用受体的荧光材料标记,但本发明不限于此。同时,如图2B所示,供体和受体中的每个可以使用一种荧光材料,供体和受体也可以使用两种或更多种荧光材料,如图2C所示。
然而,即使使用一种观察捕获链和检测链之间的FRET信号以检测抗原的方法时,如图2D所示,即使检测抗体和捕获抗体之间没有抗原,检测链和捕获链也可能自发地相互结合,原因是检测链和捕获链的碱基序列彼此互补,这可能导致产生假阳性信号。
因此,根据本说明书中公开的技术的一个方面,提供了一种用于检测抗原的试剂盒,通过引入封闭链从该抗原去除了假阳性信号。
用于检测抗原的试剂盒包括基底;可附着在基底上并具有用荧光材料标记的捕获链的捕获抗体;具有用荧光材料标记的检测链并且与捕获的一些或全部碱基序列互补的检测抗体;和封闭链。
基底是用于捕获和观察目标抗原的介质。在这种情况下,基底的形状没有特别限制,但基底可以具有平面、球形颗粒、棒状形状和其他非典型形状。在这种情况下,基底也可以由玻璃、石英、塑料以及类似物制成。基底可以是平面形状的载玻片或盖玻片,其通常由玻璃材料制成。优选地,基底可以是#1或#1.5盖玻片。可以用有机材料诸如聚乙二醇(PEG)-生物素处理基底以将捕获抗体附着到其上。
捕获抗体是可以特异性结合抗原,诸如病毒或生物标志物,并捕获抗原的抗体。在这种情况下,可以通过将生物素引入到捕获抗体的表面并将与生物素结合的抗生物素蛋白、中性抗生物素蛋白或链霉抗生物素蛋白引入基底来使捕获抗体附着于基底。检测抗体是可以特异性结合抗原的抗体,该抗原与捕获抗体结合。
在本说明书中,用作捕获抗体和检测抗体的“抗体”具体可以包括单克隆抗体(包括全长单克隆抗体)、多克隆抗体、多特异性抗体(例如双特异性抗体)和抗体片段(例如,显示期望生物活性的抗体的可变区和其他结构域)。在本说明书中,抗体可以包括单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体,也可以包括所有类型的嵌合抗体、人源化抗体和人源抗体。优选地,抗体可以包括Fab、F(ab)2、Fab’、F(ab’)2、Fv、双抗体、纳米抗体或scFv。更优选地,抗体可以包括scFv、Fab、纳米抗体和免疫球蛋白分子。在本说明书中,“抗体”包括由核酸、核酸类似物和肽组成的适体,它们可以具有与抗体相同的功能,因为除了免疫球蛋白之外,抗体还可以与靶材料特异性结合。
在本说明书中,“链”可以具有各种形状,诸如一般形状、引入官能团以使荧光材料附着的形状或已经附着了荧光材料的形状。当将官能团引入链中时,可以在期望的位置附着期望的荧光材料,并且也可以将相同或不同的官能团连接到一条链上。供体和受体之间的距离根据供体和受体所连接的链的位置而变化,并且FRET效率也可能变化。这种性质的使用使得以多重检测方式检测靶抗原成为可能。
荧光材料是被外部能量诸如UV线、电能、热能等激发以将能量转换成光的材料,并且可以包括有机磷光体或无机磷光体。有机磷光体的示例可包括若丹明、Alexa Fluor染料、荧光素、异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)、5-羧基荧光素(FAM)、ATTO染料、BODIPY、CF染料、花青(Cy)染料、DyLight Fluor、和德克萨斯红,并且无机磷光体的示例可以包括量子点。
当检测链与捕获链互补结合时,捕获链的荧光材料和检测链的荧光材料彼此形成FRET对。捕获链的荧光材料和检测链的荧光材料可以在捕获链和检测链的某些碱基、3'-或5'-末端或主链上彼此充当供体或受体。在这种情况下,可以从FRET对产生的荧光信号测量由以下等式定义的FRET效率。
FRET效率=(受体发射的光的强度)/(供体和受体发射的光的强度之和)
同时,捕获链、检测链和封闭链可以优选地是核酸,诸如DNA、RNA、PNA、LNA、MNA、GNA、TNA或其类似物。
封闭链具有能够与捕获链或检测链互补结合的碱基序列。优选地,封闭链可以具有与捕获链或检测链都不互补的附加碱基序列。封闭链的存在可能会阻止检测链和捕获链彼此互补结合。在这种情况下,封闭链可能已经与所有捕获链、检测链或捕获链和检测链两者结合。
图3示出具有互补序列的捕获链和检测链的结合受到封闭链的引入的阻碍。如图3所示,封闭链可以连接到检测链或捕获链中的任一者或两者。
使用封闭链的基本分析程序可以包括:1)将捕获抗体固定到基底的表面上并洗涤残留的捕获抗体,2)使抗原与捕获抗体结合,以及3)使抗原结合至检测抗体并洗涤残留的检测抗体。
如图3所示,当检测链和捕获链中的至少一个与单独的互补链的全部或部分结合时,检测链和捕获链可能无法稳定地彼此互补地结合。因此,防止检测链和捕获链彼此互补地结合的单独的附加链可称为封闭链。同时,部分封闭链可以包括与检测链或捕获链都不互补的碱基序列,并且这样的碱基序列不与这些链结合,因此可以用于去除封闭链。假阳性的问题可以通过实现封闭链的引入来解决。然后,当去除封闭链时,捕获链可以与检测链互补结合以形成FRET对。
根据一个实施方案,用于检测抗原的试剂盒还可包括去除链。去除链与封闭链互补,且用于通过与封闭链的结合将封闭链从捕获链上去除。
图4示出了使用去除链去除封闭链的过程。封闭链与捕获链结合的一个例子示于图4。首先,注入与封闭链互补的去除链(由虚线表示)。在这种情况下,封闭链的暴露区域足够长以使其能够与去除链互补结合以与去除链形成足够数量的碱基对。因此,封闭链和去除链之间的结合是稳定的(图4A)。
碱基序列的两条互补链的结合通过碱基之间的氢键来维持。在这种情况下,由于氢键是非常弱的键,因此捕获链末端和封闭链之间的键可能会间歇性地断裂。在这种情况下,去除链可以与封闭链结合(图4B)。
接下来,当整个去除链与封闭链结合时,封闭链的一部分可以保持与捕获链的结合。在这种情况下,封闭链和捕获链之间互补结合的碱基对数量不够,这使得键不稳定(图4C)。
因此,封闭链与捕获链分离以暴露捕获链的与检测链互补的区域,并且检测链最终与捕获链互补结合(图4D)。
因为封闭链与捕获链互补并且去除链与封闭链互补,所以去除链具有与捕获链相同的碱基序列。此外,因为捕获链与检测链互补,所以去除链也具有与检测链互补的序列。因此,去除链可能与封闭链以外的检测链结合。
因此,去除链的长度可以优选地短于封闭链的长度。彼此互补结合的两条链之间的结合亲和力与链的长度成正比。因此,在这种情况下,由于去除链和检测链之间的结合不稳定,即使它们相互结合,检测链也会在短时间内从去除链上脱离,检测链在大部分时间保持处于单链状态。当去除链与封闭链结合以从捕获链去除封闭链时,检测链和捕获链可以彼此互补结合。
去除链的长度没有特别限制,因此可以根据构成链的材料的类型、碱基序列、碱基序列中鸟嘌呤(G)或胞嘧啶(C)的比、缓冲液的类型和温度,pH、阳离子浓度等的变化而改变。在这种情况下,去除链可以具有例如5至100bp的长度。
同时,根据之前的实施方案,可以仅添加去除链而不更换缓冲液以去除封闭链并诱导检测链和捕获链之间的互补结合。然而,根据其他实施方案,当使用缓冲液时,可以在不使用去除链的情况下去除封闭链。
图5示出了与检测链形成互补结合的各种封闭链。如图5所示,使检测链或捕获链的至少一条链的部分或全部与封闭链结合,然后完成抗原-抗体反应。此后,可以通过用破坏互补结合的缓冲液替换现有缓冲液来去除封闭链,而无需任何去除链。然后,通过用之前的缓冲液替换缓冲液,可以使捕获链结合到检测链。在这种情况下,封闭链具有与检测链和捕获链两者不互补的附加碱基序列,这是所希望的,但是封闭链可能没有附加碱基序列。
根据本说明书的另一方面,提供了一种检测抗原的方法,通过引入封闭链从该抗原中去除了假阳性信号。检测抗原的方法包括:(a)制备具有用荧光材料标记的捕获链的捕获抗体;(b)制备具有用荧光材料标记的检测链并与捕获链的部分或全部碱基序列互补的检测抗体;(c)使封闭链与捕获链和检测链中的一条或多条互补结合;(e)将捕获抗体附着在基底上;(f)引入包含抗原的样品以诱导抗原、捕获抗体和检测抗体之间的抗原-抗体反应;(g)去除封闭链,使检测链与捕获链互补结合;(h)测量通过检测链与捕获链的结合产生的荧光信号。
步骤(c)中封闭链的结合可以在将步骤(e)中的捕获抗体附着至基底之前或之后进行。
当使用附着于基底的捕获抗体时,这样的附着可以例如通过以下方式实施:用0.06M碳酸盐缓冲溶液或碳酸氢盐缓冲溶液(pH 9.5)稀释捕获抗体并使稀释的溶液在一定温度下与基底接触预定的时间。
然后,附着在基底上的捕获抗体与样本样品中的抗原形成复合物。复合物形成后,为了去除非特异性结合的抗体或污染物等,可优选用洗涤剂,诸如洗涤缓冲液(诸如吐温20)、蒸馏水或类似物洗涤复合物。
样品的类型没有特别限制,只要样品包含待检测的目标材料即可。在这种情况下,样品可以是组织、血液、血清、血浆、唾液、粘膜液、尿液以及类似物。例如,样品可以从怀疑患有疾病的动物或人类受试者获得。
抗原可以包括病毒、细菌、核酸、肽、蛋白质、内质网、miRNA、外泌体、循环肿瘤细胞、生物标志物以及类似物。优选地,抗原可以是生物标志物。
本说明书中公开的技术可用于观察细胞、组织、器官等。特别地,本说明书中公开的技术可以非常有效地用于检测生物标志物,因为该技术可以通过一次检查来检测各种类型的生物标志物以在早期阶段快速诊断疾病。
生物标志物可以没有任何限制地使用,只要其在科学和医学的常规领域中用于测量或评价生物处理过程、诱导致病性的过程和治疗的药理过程,但是本发明并不特别限于此。
例如,生物标志物可以是多肽、肽、核酸、蛋白质或代谢物,其可以从生物流体诸如血液、唾液、尿液等中检测到。具体而言,生物标志物可包括α-甲胎蛋白(AFP)、CA15-3、CA27-29、CA19-9、CA-125、降钙素、钙视网膜蛋白、癌胚抗原(CEA)、CD34、CD99、MIC-2、CD117、嗜铬粒蛋白、细胞角蛋白(各种类型:TPA、TPS、Cyfra21-1)、肌间线蛋白、上皮膜抗原(EMA)、因子VIII、CD31、FL1、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、囊性病变液蛋白(GCDFP-15)、HMB-45、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)、免疫球蛋白、抑制素、角蛋白(各种类型的角蛋白)、淋巴细胞标志物、MART-1(Melan-A)、Myo D1、肌肉特异性肌动蛋白(MSA)、神经丝、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胎盘碱性磷酸酶(PLAP)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、PTPRC(CD45)、S100蛋白、平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA)、突触素、胸苷激酶(TK)、甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)、甲状腺转录因子-1(TTF-1)、M2-PK、波形蛋白、白细胞介素、CD24、CD40、整合素、胱抑素、干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、MCP、VEGF、GLP、ICA、HLA-DR、ICAM、EGFR、FGF、BRAF、GFEB、FRS、LZTS、CCN、粘蛋白、凝集素、载脂蛋白、酪氨酸、神经元细胞粘附分子样蛋白、纤连蛋白、葡萄糖、尿酸、碳酸酐酶、胆固醇等。
此外,样品可以用不包括生物标志物的溶液稀释,并且样品中包括的生物标志物的浓度可以根据生物标志物的类型从fg/mL到mg/mL不同。优选地,可以以不同比例稀释样品以使用图像传感器检测适当数量的生物标志物分子。优选地,也可以稀释以不同比稀释的相同样品。最优选地,样品可以以1:10至1,000的重量比稀释数次并使用。
可以使用使核酸分子与本领域已知的常规蛋白质分子结合的方法来进行将链连接至捕获抗体或检测抗体的方法。例如,可以通过使用具有两个不同反应基团的化合物在核酸分子和蛋白质分子之间进行结合反应来连接链。举例来说,琥珀酰亚胺基4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸酯(SMCC)具有与胺反应的NHS-酯基团和与硫醇反应的马来酰亚胺基团。在这种情况下,当连接有硫醇基的链与SMCC反应并且反应产物与检测抗体反应时,该链与检测抗体的N端或赖氨酸中存在的氨基反应以将链附着到检测抗体。
同时,如上所述,封闭链是防止检测链和捕获链彼此互补结合的单独的附加链。在封闭链与检测链或捕获链结合后,捕获链可以通过去除封闭链而与检测链互补结合形成FRET对。可以适当控制封闭链的长度以保持与检测链或捕获链的互补结合。
检测链或捕获链的长度没有特别限制,但考虑到对结合亲和力有影响的因素,诸如构成链的材料的类型、碱基序列、碱基序列中鸟嘌呤(G)或胞嘧啶(C)的比、缓冲液的类型和温度、pH、阳离子浓度等,以及待标记的荧光材料的数目,检测链或捕获链的长度可以例如在10至300bp的范围内。封闭链的长度可以在5到150bp的范围内。
根据一个实施方案,可以引入与封闭链互补的去除链以去除封闭链。这里,当去除链的长度太长时,去除链可以稳定地与检测链互补结合。另一方面,当去除链的长度太短时,虽然去除链与封闭链互补结合,但封闭链可能不会从捕获链上分离,因为封闭链的剩余区域足够长以稳定地与捕获链互补结合。去除链的适当长度可根据构成链的材料的类型、碱基序列、碱基序列中鸟嘌呤(G)或胞嘧啶(C)的比、缓冲液的类型和温度、pH、阳离子浓度等来适当确定。优选地,去除链的长度理想地比封闭链的长度短,以防止去除链与检测链或捕获链稳定结合。
根据另一个实施方案,可以使用破坏互补结合的缓冲液来去除封闭链。
同时,荧光信号的测量可以通过使用单分子显微镜对荧光信号进行成像来进行。当两种不同的荧光材料位于非常接近的位置时,一种荧光材料(供体)的能量转移到另一种荧光材料(受体)的现象被称为FRET。当检测链与捕获链互补结合时,捕获链的荧光材料和检测链的荧光材料可以彼此形成FRET对。因此,可以看出靶抗原位于如上所述的通过形成FRET对而产生荧光信号的位置。
总之,根据上述检测去除了假阳性信号的抗原的试剂盒和抗原检测方法,可以容易地进行多重诊断,并且即使通过使用高灵敏度的FRET-PAINT技术,也可以通过更换去除链或缓冲液并引入封闭链来容易地将假阳性信号去除。因此,可以显著减少在检测样本中痕量的各种生物标志物或抗原(诸如病毒等)时可能发生的误差。
虽然如上所述已经参考附图描述了各种实施方案,但是根据详细描述,本领域技术人员可以做出各种技术修改和变化。例如,在此描述的技术可以以与在此描述的方法不同的顺序来实施,和/或在此描述的组件可以以与在此描述的方法或其他组件的不同的形式组合或结合。或者,甚至当替代或替换为等效物时,也可以获得适当的结果。因此,权利要求的其他实施方式、其他实施方案和等效物落入所附权利要求的范围内。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于检测去除了假阳性信号的抗原的试剂盒,其特征在于,包括:
基底;
捕获抗体,其附着到所述基底上并具有用荧光材料标记的捕获链;
检测抗体,其具有用荧光材料标记的检测链并与所述捕获链的部分或全部碱基序列互补;和
封闭链,其具有能够与所述捕获链或所述检测链互补结合以防止所述检测链和所述捕获链彼此互补结合的碱基序列。
2.如权利要求1所述的试剂盒,还包括去除链,所述去除链与所述封闭链互补并且通过与所述封闭链结合而能够去除所述封闭链。
3.如权利要求2所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述去除链的长度比所述封闭链的长度短。
4.如权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述封闭链还包含与所述捕获链和所述检测链均不互补的附加碱基序列。
5.如权利要求1的试剂盒,其特征在于,当所述检测链与所述捕获链互补结合时,所述捕获链的荧光材料和所述检测链的荧光材料彼此形成FRET对。
6.如权利要求5所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述捕获链的荧光材料和所述检测链的荧光材料在所述捕获链和所述检测链的某些碱基、3'-或5'-末端或骨架上用作彼此的供体或受体。
7.如权利要求5所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,由下式定义的FRET效率由来自FRET对的荧光信号测得:
FRET效率=(受体发出的光的强度)/(供体和受体发出的光的强度之和)。
8.一种用于检测去除了假阳性信号的抗原的方法,其特征在于,包括:
(a)制备具有用荧光材料标记的捕获链的捕获抗体;
(b)制备具有用荧光材料标记的检测链并与所述捕获链的部分或全部碱基序列互补的检测抗体;
(c)使封闭链与所述捕获链和所述检测链中的一条或多条互补结合;
(e)将所述捕获抗体附着在基底上;
(f)引入包含抗原的样品以诱导所述抗原、所述捕获抗体和所述检测抗体之间的抗原-抗体反应;
(g)去除所述封闭链,使所述检测链与所述捕获链互补结合;和
(h)测量通过所述检测链与所述捕获链结合产生的荧光信号。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述检测链与所述捕获链互补结合时,所述捕获链的荧光材料和所述检测链的荧光材料彼此形成FRET对。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,引入与所述封闭链互补的去除链以去除所述封闭链。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,使用破坏所述互补结合的缓冲液来去除所述封闭链。
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