CN114765950A - 用于吸收体液的吸收性卫生物品 - Google Patents

用于吸收体液的吸收性卫生物品 Download PDF

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CN114765950A
CN114765950A CN201980102554.3A CN201980102554A CN114765950A CN 114765950 A CN114765950 A CN 114765950A CN 201980102554 A CN201980102554 A CN 201980102554A CN 114765950 A CN114765950 A CN 114765950A
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cellulose
web
absorbent
sanitary article
article
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A·巴格尔-舍贝克
M·赫勒
P·布罗姆斯特伦
L·芬戈尔
A·尼尔斯特兰德
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Essity Hygiene and Health AB
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Abstract

一种用于吸收体液的吸收性卫生物品(1)，该物品(1)包括液体吸收性顶层(2)和底层(3)，顶层(2)和底层(3)由卷材制成并接合在一起。顶层(2)由纤维素纤维幅(4)构成，纤维素纤维幅(4)中的纤维由纤维素纤维的混合物构成，该混合物包括再生纤维素纤维和/或天然纤维素短纤维和纤维素纸浆纤维，纤维素纤维幅(4)是泡沫成型的、水刺缠结的纤维素纤维幅(4)。

Description

用于吸收体液的吸收性卫生物品
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于吸收体液的吸收性卫生物品，该物品包括液体吸收性顶层以及底层，顶层和底层由卷材制成并接合在一起。
背景技术
在一次性吸收性卫生物品领域，例如一次性内裤衬垫、围嘴、座椅套、餐具垫、内裤、床护等一次性使用后丢弃的物品，将此类物品的环境影响降至最低是一个日益受到关注的问题。因此，人们希望使用最少的油基聚合物材料制造一次性卫生物品。
然而，传统使用的塑料材料具有功能优势，例如，因为它们是非吸收性的，并且提供了与佩戴者皮肤紧密接触的物品所需的干燥表面材料。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种具有非油基的身体接触材料且不丧失功能性的吸收性卫生物品。
另一个目的是提供一种对皮肤干燥且有效利用吸收性卫生物品的可用吸收能力的吸收性卫生物品。
发明内容
上述一个或多个目标可通过根据权利要求1的吸收性卫生物品实现。在从属权利要求、以下描述和附图中阐述了进一步的实施例。
本发明公开了一种用于吸收体液的吸收性卫生物品，其包括底层和液体吸收性顶层，所述顶层和底层由卷材制成并接合在一起。顶层由纤维素纤维幅构成，纤维素纤维幅中的纤维由纤维素纤维的混合物构成，该混合物包括再生纤维素纤维和/或天然纤维素短纤维和纤维素纸浆纤维，纤维素纤维幅为泡沫成型的、水刺缠结的纤维素纤维幅。
适用于本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品中的吸收性纤维幅具有大比例的纤维，这些纤维与幅的平面成一定角度，使得纤维至少部分地在幅的Z方向上延伸。如本文所用，幅的Z方向垂直于定义幅平面延伸的X方向和Y方向。Z方向在本文中也称为幅的厚度方向。纤维幅中纤维的Z方向性可能会受到幅作为水刺缠结纤维幅的影响。水刺缠结涉及将成型的纤维幅暴露于高压水射流中，高压水射流将纤维移出纤维幅平面。可以在泡沫成型的幅的一侧或两侧进上行水刺缠结。幅中纤维的Z方向性也可在幅的湿法成型期间通过从两侧对幅进行脱水而增强，例如如WO 2018/065668 A1中所公开的那样。根据使用的成型线和脱水速度，根据WO 2018/065668 A1中的方法成型的幅可能具有高度的同侧性(likesidedmess)，这在某些应用中可能是有利的。
本文使用的吸收性纤维幅是泡沫成型的幅。泡沫成型是一种湿法成型，涉及将纤维分散在含有水和表面活性剂的泡沫化液体中。泡沫成型可形成体积大的、孔隙率高的幅。
纤维素纤维幅可能已被泡沫成型为单一纤维幅，随后被水刺缠结。然而，纤维素纤维幅可包括两层或更多层泡沫成型的幅，其已被水刺缠结在一起以形成连贯的纤维素纤维幅。如果两层或更多层泡沫成型的幅构成最终的水刺缠结幅，则各层可能具有相同或不同的纤维成分。此外，各层可以具有相同或不同的基重，并且可以具有相同或不同的体积量。
本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品中使用的吸收性纤维幅中的纤维素纸浆纤维优选为木浆纤维，因为木浆纤维可以从现成的原材料经济地制造，在本领域是众所周知的，并且具有良好的吸收性和液体分布特性。纤维素纸浆纤维比再生纤维素纤维和/或天然纤维素短纤维短得多，再生纤维素纤维和/或天然纤维素短纤维形成用于捕获和容纳纤维素纸浆纤维的纤维网络。
本文所指的木浆纤维包括来自化学纸浆的纸浆纤维，例如牛皮浆、硫酸盐或亚硫酸盐、机械浆、热机械浆、化学机械浆和/或化学热机械浆(简称CTMP)。可以使用来自落叶(硬木)和针叶(软木)二者的纸浆。纤维素纸浆纤维也可能来自非木本植物，例如谷物秸秆、竹子、黄麻或剑麻。所述纤维或部分纤维可为可回收纤维，其可属于上述任何或所有类别。
可添加诸如柔软剂(例如季铵化合物)、干强度剂或湿强度剂等添加剂，以促进纤维素纤维幅的制造或调整其性质。然而，对于纤维素纤维幅的一些实施例，吸收性纤维幅本身可能非常牢固，以至于不需要干强度剂或/或湿强度剂来提高强度。
由于本文所披露的吸收性纤维幅中使用的所有纤维均为纤维素来源，因此本文所披露的吸收性纤维幅由可再生原材料制成。
此外，如本文所公开的吸收性纤维幅具有类似纺织品的特征，这在许多用户情况下是期望的，例如，对于意图与用户皮肤紧密接触的卫生物品。由本文所公开的纤维素吸收性纤维幅制成的产品例如内裤衬垫可具有所需的强度特性，同时对使用者的皮肤柔软舒适。在干燥和潮湿状态下均可感觉到纤维素纤维幅类似纺织品的特性。
底层优选为液体不渗透底层或具有高抗液体渗透性的底层。如本领域所知，可能希望底层是透气底层。也可优选底层来自可再生原材料。
本文使用的术语“纤维素短纤维”包括人造和/或天然纤维素纤维。人造纤维素纤维又称再生纤维素纤维，例如粘胶纤维和lyocell纤维。天然纤维素纤维的例子包括籽毛纤维，例如棉花、木棉和马利筋；叶纤维，如剑麻、阿巴卡、菠萝和新西兰大麻；或麻类纤维，如亚麻、大麻、黄麻和红麻。可将天然纤维素短纤维切割成短纤维长度，或具其有天然短纤维长度，例如棉花。
如果纤维素短纤维是人造纤维，则可以对其进行纺纱整理和卷曲处理，但这对于用于生产本发明所述的吸收性纤维幅的泡沫成型工艺类型来说不是必需的。
将纤维束切割成短纤维通常是为了生产单一切割长度的纤维。纤维长度可以通过改变切割轮刀片之间的距离来改变。因此，纤维长度可根据短纤维的计划用途进行设置。
本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品中使用的幅中的再生纤维素纤维和/或天然纤维素短纤维可以是长度在2-20mm范围内的短纤维，例如在5-15mm范围内，例如在5-12mm范围内，例如在6-10mm范围内。本文所公开的幅中使用的再生纤维素纤维和/或天然纤维素短纤维的线密度可以在0.3-3dtex的范围内，例如在0.5-2.4dtex的范围内，例如在0.8-2.0dtex的范围内。
再生纤维素纤维可以是粘胶纤维或lyocell纤维。
纤维素纤维混合物可由基于纤维素纤维混合物总重量的2-50％(按重量计)的再生纤维素纤维和/或天然纤维素短纤维组成，例如纤维素纤维混合物总重量的2-40％(按重量计)，或例如纤维素纤维混合物总重量的5-25％(按重量计)，或例如纤维素纤维混合物重量的10％-20％。
如本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品的顶层可具有30gsm-100gsm的基重。
吸收性纤维幅的体积量可在7.5-11cm3/g范围内，例如7-10cm3/g或8-9cm3/g。这些范围内的体积量表明吸收性纤维幅是蓬松且多孔的。高体积量值表明在生产吸收性纤维幅时使用了泡沫成型工艺。
本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品在表面干燥方面具有优异的性能。吸收性卫生物品优选具有根据本文公开的方法测量的小于1克的再湿量，例如小于0.8克的再湿量或小于0.7克的再湿量。令人惊讶地发现，本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品尽管具有全纤维素顶层，但具有优异的再湿特性。
根据本文公开的测试方法，在三次浸泡测试液体后测量，本文公开的吸收性卫生物品中的纤维素纤维幅在纤维素纤维幅的机器方向上的液体扩散能力为75mm或更大。
根据本文公开的测试方法进行测量，本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品中的纤维素纤维幅可在纤维素纤维幅的横向机器方向上具有30mm或更大的液体扩散能力(在第一次浸泡测试液体后测量)，以及45mm或更大的液体扩散能力(在两次浸泡测试液体后测量)。
该方法中使用的样品的机器方向对应于吸收性卫生物品的长度方向，样品的横向机器方向对应于吸收性卫生物品的横向或宽度方向。
吸收性卫生物品的面向用户的表面可以设置有图案，该图案是压花图案、压痕图案、印刷图案，或压花图案、压痕图案和印刷图案中的一种或多种的组合。
本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品可具有设置在顶层的面向用户的表面中的压花。压花用于局部压缩纤维素纤维幅，从而在压花区域内形成具有较小孔隙的致密结构。此类压花可用于进一步控制吸收性卫生物品中的液体分布。除了功能性压花之外还有，或者替代功能性压花，吸收性卫生物品可以具有本领域已知的装饰性压花、功能性和/或装饰性印刷等。
用于本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品中的纤维素纤维幅在幅的机器方向和幅的横向机器方向上都具有高液体扩散能力。在机器方向上长度为100mm、在横向机器方向上宽度为50mm、基重为50gsm-70gsm的纤维素纤维幅样品根据本文公开的测试方法测量的湿面积可为3500mm3或更大，例如湿面积为4000mm3。
当按照本文公开的方法进行测试时，样品在横向机器方向上切割至50mm的宽度，该方法包括三次0.5毫升测试液体的沉积，在第三次沉积测试液体后，测试液体将一直扩散到由本文所公开的纤维素纤维幅材料制成的所有样品的纵向边缘。
本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品可以是简单的双层物品，顶层和底层是吸收性卫生物品的唯一组成层。
吸收性卫生物品可以是内裤衬垫，例如超薄内裤衬垫。超薄内裤衬垫是厚度低于1.0mm的内裤衬垫，例如从0.3mm到0.8mm或从0.5mm到0.7mm。
吸收性卫生物品可以是需要有限吸收能力的任何种类的吸收性卫生物品，例如用于男性或女性使用者的内衣防护件、腋下防护件(汗液防护件)、围嘴、椅套、餐具垫、内裤或床护。
吸收性卫生物品的面向用户的表面可以设置有图案，该图案是压花图案、压痕图案、印刷图案，或压花图案、压痕图案和印刷图案中的一种或多种的组合。
附图说明
下文将通过非限制性示例并参考附图进一步解释本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品，其中：
图1示出内裤衬垫；和
图2示出沿着线II-II穿过图1中内裤衬垫的横截面。
具体实施方式
应当理解的是，这些附图是示意图，单个组件或特征(例如材料层)不一定按比例绘制。图中所示的内裤衬垫仅作为示例提供，不应被视为限制本文所公开的发明。具体而言，应当理解，形状和尺寸是本发明的非必要特征，并且可以在权利要求的范围内改变。此外，本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品可以是仅需要有限吸收性的任何类型的吸收性卫生物品，例如用于男性或女性使用者的内裤衬垫、腋下防护件、围嘴、座椅罩、餐具垫、内裤或床护。
图1所示的用于吸收体液的吸收性卫生物品1是一种内裤衬垫，包括液体吸收性顶层和底层3。顶层2和底层3由卷材制成，并例如通过粘合剂、超声波焊接或使用压花和压力的机械焊接等方式接合在一起。
顶层2由本文公开的纤维素纤维幅4构成。因此，纤维素纤维幅4中的纤维由纤维素纤维的混合物构成。纤维混合物包括再生纤维素纤维(如粘胶纤维)和纤维素纸浆纤维(如木浆纤维)。纤维素纤维幅是一种泡沫成型的、水刺缠结的纤维素纤维幅。再生纤维素纤维可以是如本文所公开的短纤维。
底层3是设置在内裤衬垫1的表面上的液体阻挡层，在使用内裤衬垫1的过程中，该液体阻挡层旨在背对着内裤衬垫1的穿着者，在本文中也称为内裤衬垫1的面向服装的表面5。面向服装的表面5与面向穿着者的表面6相反。底层3最好是流体不渗透的。然而，仅能抵抗流体渗透的液体阻挡材料也可用于底层3，尤其是如本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品预期仅吸收少量体液时。底层3可以是薄的、柔性的、液体不渗透的塑料膜，但是对于本文所公开的物品，也考虑液体不渗透的非织造材料、液体不渗透的泡沫和液体不渗透的层压板。底层3可以是透气的，这意味着空气和蒸汽可以通过底层3。底层最好由可再生原材料制成。
如图2所示，吸收性卫生物品1在吸收性卫生物品1的面向服装的表面5上具有紧固件8。紧固件8用于允许将吸收性卫生物品1紧固在一条内裤或一条卫生长裤的裆部，并且可以例如是本领域已知的粘合紧固件、摩擦紧固件或钩型紧固件。在包装和运输过程中，可由释放衬(未示出)保护紧固件8。在将吸收性卫生物品1施加于一条内裤的裆部之前，移除释放衬以露出紧固件8。紧固件8也可以由包装物保护，通常也称为“单包”，该包装物可释放并附接到紧固件8，并且在从包装物中取出吸收性卫生物品1的同时将其移除。
紧固件8可以施加在底层3的整个外表面上，或者可以仅施加在液体阻挡层3的外表面的一个或多个选定区域上。紧固件8是吸收性卫生物品的可选特征。
本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品1优选薄且不显眼，顶层优选具有最多100gsm的基重，例如30gsm到100gsm。
如图1和2所示的吸收性卫生物品1具有沿着吸收性卫生物品1的纵向侧缘13、14设置的第一对线条压花11、12形式的压花图案。第二对纵向延伸的线条压花15、16居中地设置在第一对线条压花11、12之间。线条压花总体上有利于沿着线条的流体分布，并抵消垂直于压花的流体分布。
在吸收性卫生物品1的前端边缘19处设置大体上V形的压花17，在吸收性卫生物品1的后端边缘20处设置压出的花18。第二对线条压花15、16被设置为促进液体沿吸收性物品1纵向的扩散。第一对线条压花11、12被设置成阻缓液体扩散到吸收性卫生物品1的纵向侧边缘13、14。置于物品端部边缘19、20处的压花17、18具有流体阻缓功能，但也旨在增强吸收性卫生物品1的视觉外观。
吸收性卫生物品1可替代地或除了压花之外还包括功能性和/或外观增强印刷。图中所示的压花是本文所公开的吸收性卫生物品的可选方案。还应理解，压花不限于图1所示的数量、形状或位置。此外，如果使用压花，它们可能是功能性的、外观增强的或功能性压花和外观增强压花的组合。
测试方法的示例和说明
可根据本文所述的方法对本文所公开的纤维素纤维幅的吸收性物品或隔离层进行测试。
样品制备
在测试之前，单个物品或单层幅样品应平放，并在23℃和50％相对湿度的稳定实验室环境中暴露24小时。所有后续测试都应在此相同的环境中进行。
确定幅样品的基重和密度
将幅样品称重至小数点后三位。然后确定样品的面积，并通过将样品重量除以样品面积来获得基重。以g/m2(gsm)为单位报告基重。
在0.5kPa的压力下测量幅厚度。合适的测厚仪的精度应为0.01mm。由50x50mm的正方形支脚施加压力。将支脚轻轻放在样品上，5秒后读取厚度值。
通过将样品体积除以样品重量得到体积量(bulk)，并应以单位cm3/g报告。
密度是通过将样品重量除以样品体积得到的，应以单位kg/m3报告。
从十个代表性样本的测量中报告平均值。
确定扩散距离和再湿量
测试时使用符合法国标准AFNOR Q34-018的人工月经液(AMF)。
对于扩散和再湿量测定，样品应平放在实验室工作台上。折叠的吸收性物品展开，并小心地展平。如果单独测试纤维幅，应将纤维幅切割或冲压成50x100mm的矩形。样品的长度方向应与幅的机器方向(MD)一致。应在纤维幅下方放置一层光滑、不透水的聚乙烯薄膜。
确定样品的中心点(纵向中心线与横向中心线交叉的点)。AMF通过一根管子(内径约3mm)注入，管子与自动分配器相连。管孔的位置垂直于中心点，与样品表面的距离约为5mm。
以15ml/min的速率向样品注入三剂0.5ml的AMF(即总共1.5ml)。当一剂已被吸收(即样品表面不再有自由液体时)，秒表开始计时，15分钟后注入下一剂。
每剂吸收5秒后测量扩散长度。沿着样品的纵向和横向中心线放置直尺，并确定纤维幅(或物品顶层)中湿区的延伸范围。忽略可能沿着各自的中心线在侧向的侧区域中(例如在凹槽或致密结合图案中)扩散更长的AMF。
在吸收第三剂(最后一剂)15分钟后测量再湿量。将五张预称重过的滤纸堆叠(90x120mm，每张440g/m2，来自Munktell Ahlstrom的167质量滤纸或同等滤纸)居中地放置在样品顶部。将底部尺寸为90x120mm(施加5kPa压力)的5.5kg重物轻轻放在堆叠顶部。15秒后，移除重物，称量滤纸，并确定AMF再湿量。
从十个代表性样本的测量中报告平均值。
测试样品
S-1(参考样品)：70gsm水刺，由35％粘胶纤维、56％聚酯纤维(PET)和9％聚乳酸纤维(PLA)的纤维混合物形成。
S-2：泡沫成型的水刺缠结纤维素纤维幅材料，基重为50gsm。
S-3：两层泡沫成型的水刺缠结纤维素纤维幅，包括20gsm泡沫成型的纤维素纤维幅材料的第一层和50gsm泡沫成型的纤维素纤维幅材料的第二层，在组合成单个幅之前，这些纤维幅材料被单独水刺缠结。
S-4：两层泡沫成型的纤维素纤维幅，包括20gsm泡沫成型的纤维素纤维幅材料的第一层和50gsm泡沫成型的纤维素纤维幅材料的第二层，这些纤维幅材料在组合成单个幅后被水刺缠结在一起。
样品S-2至S-4中使用的纤维素纤维幅均以与WO 2018/065668 A1中公开的泡沫成型工艺相同的方式生产。所有样品的纤维成分均相同，分别为15％粘胶、1.7dtex 10mm达努菲尔、凯尔海姆和85％未精制漂白软木硫酸盐浆。所有样品在相同的设备上、在相当的条件下进行水刺缠结。
测试结果如表1所列。
Figure BDA0003663332810000091
*CD/宽度方向上50mm的液体扩散值表示液体已沿样品的宽度方向一直扩散至样品的纵向侧边缘。
从表1中可看出，所有样品S-2至S-4均为本文所公开的根据本发明的纤维素纤维幅材料，具有优异的再湿和液体扩散性能。值得注意的是，用作参照的常规聚酯/粘胶材料的再湿量比根据本发明包括S-2样品(其基重比其他样品低)的所有样品都要高得多。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于吸收体液的吸收性卫生物品(1)，所述物品(1)包括液体吸收性顶层(2)以及底层(3)，所述顶层(2)和底层(3)由卷料制成并接合在一起，其特征在于，所述顶层(2)由纤维素纤维幅(4)构成，所述纤维素纤维幅(4)中的纤维由纤维素纤维的混合物构成，该混合物包括再生纤维素纤维和/或天然纤维素短纤维和纤维素纸浆纤维，所述纤维素纤维幅(4)是泡沫成型的、水刺缠结的纤维素纤维幅(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中所述再生纤维素纤维和/或天然纤维素短纤维是长度在2-20mm范围内的短纤维，例如在5-15mm范围内，例如在5-12mm范围内，例如在6-10mm的范围内，并且线密度在0.3-3dtex的范围内，例如在0.5-2.4dtex的范围内，例如在0.8-2.0dtex的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中所述纤维素纤维的混合物是纤维素纸浆纤维和粘胶纤维的混合物。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中所述纤维素纤维混合物由基于纤维素纤维混合物总重量的2％-50％重量的再生纤维素纤维和/或天然纤维素短纤维构成，例如纤维素纤维混合物总重量的2％-40％重量，更多例如纤维素纤维混合物总重量的5％-25％重量，最多例如纤维素纤维混合物重量的10％-20％重量。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中所述顶层(2)的基重为30gsm-100gsm。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中所述纤维素纤维幅(4)的体积量在7.5至11cm3/g的范围内。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中根据本文所公开的方法测量，所述吸收性卫生物品(1)具有小于1克的再湿量，例如小于0.8克的再湿量或小于0.7克的再湿量。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中所述纤维素纤维幅(4)在所述纤维素纤维幅(4)的机器方向(MD)上具有75mm或更大的液体扩散能力，所述液体扩散能力是根据本文所公开的试验方法在三次测试液体浸泡后测量得的。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中所述吸收性卫生物品(1)在纤维素纤维幅(4)的横向加工方向(CD)上的液体扩散能力为在第一次测试液体浸泡后测量得的30mm或以上，以及在两次测试液体浸泡后测量得的45mm或以上，所述测量是根据本文公开的测试方法所进行的。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中所述底层(3)由可再生原料构成。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中，在加工方向(MD)上长度为100mm、在横向加工方向(CD)上宽度为50mm且基重为50gsm-70gsm的纤维素纤维幅(4)的样品根据本文公开的测试方法测量的湿面积为3500mm3或更大，例如湿面积为4000mm3。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中所述顶层(2)和所述底层(3)是所述吸收性卫生物品(1)的唯一组成层。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中，所述吸收性卫生物品(1)是内裤衬垫，例如超薄内裤衬垫。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中所述吸收性卫生物品(1)是内衣防护件、腋下防护件、围兜、座椅罩、餐具垫、内裤或床护。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收性卫生物品(1)，其中，所述吸收性卫生物品(1)的面向用户的表面设有图案，所述图案为压花图案、压痕图案、印刷图案，或压花图案、压痕图案和印刷图案中的一种或多种的组合。
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