CN1147602C - 一种放射性同位素镉-109的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种放射性同位素镉-109的制备工艺Info
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- CN1147602C CN1147602C CNB011314397A CN01131439A CN1147602C CN 1147602 C CN1147602 C CN 1147602C CN B011314397 A CNB011314397 A CN B011314397A CN 01131439 A CN01131439 A CN 01131439A CN 1147602 C CN1147602 C CN 1147602C
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- cadmium
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- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-OIOBTWANSA-N cadmium-109 Chemical compound [109Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-OIOBTWANSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017770 Cu—Ag Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
Abstract
一种放射性同位素镉-109(109Cd)的制备工艺,涉及利用回旋加速器加速的质子束轰击银靶,生成的放射性同位素镉-109的分离提纯工艺。其特征在于根据氧化一还原电位原理,首先在质子轰击过的银靶溶解液中加入二价的铜离子或钴离子,作为镉离子的保护剂,然后加入过量水合肼定量地还原银离子,还部分地还原加入的保护剂,使镉离子不被还原。本发明较文献报道的用肼还原银靶溶解液中的银离子,提纯镉的工艺操作方便,流程短,银的去除率高一个量级。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明属放射性同位素制备领域,特别是涉及一种利用回旋加速器照射生成的放射性同位素镉-109的分离、提纯工艺。
二、背景技术
镉-109是一种用途十分广泛的放射性同位素,这种同位素是利用回旋加速器加速的质子束轰击银靶,发生109Ag(p,n)109Cd反应,生成同位素镉-109(109Cd)而获得。因此,如何从大量银靶基体中分离、提纯出镉-109,这是生产这种同位素的关键。国外最新文献报道的方法是用肼还原质子轰击过的银靶的溶解液(称原料液)中的一价银离子(Ag1+),这种方法较早先的一些方法操作方便、快速,但其难点是加入肼的量不好控制,加肼过量时,将把原料液中部份镉-109正二价离子(Cd2+)还原掉,加肼量不足时,银离子的去除率就低,必须加置换法进一步去除剩余的银离子,增加了工艺步骤。如文献:“INIS”国际核情报系统数据库1976-1996光盘查到的,“Production ofCarrier free 109Cd,57Co and 54Mn from a Compositic Cyclotrontarget of enriched 109Ag and 56Fe.”AN 20-007621,报道了用不足量的水合肼作为还原剂,还原Ag1+,然后加入铜粉,进行Cu-Ag1+置换反应,置换剩余的Ag1+,使Ag1+的还原率为99.9%,再结合阴离子交换法提取109Cd。该法的缺点是操作麻烦,流程较长,见图1。
三、发明内容
本发明通过实施下述方案实现:
一种放射性同位素镉-109(109Cd)的制备工艺,包括用回旋加速器的质子束轰击银靶,生成镉同位素109Cd,用硝酸溶解银靶,再用肼还原银靶溶解液(称原料液)中大量的基体银离子(Ag1+),提纯镉-109离子(Cd2+),最后结合阴离子交换法提取Cd-109,其特征在于:根据氧化—还原电位序原理,首先在原料液中加入标准电极电位值大于镉离子(Cd2+),小于Ag1+的金属离子,作为Cd2+的保护剂,并使其不影响镉的分离;然后加入过量水合肼定量地还原银离子,还部分地还原加入的保护剂,而Cd2+不被还原,具体工艺步骤为:
(1)用硝酸溶解银靶;
(2)加热蒸干;
(3)加入保护剂金属离子,用0.05-0.15MOL/L的硝酸溶解;
(4)加入过量的水合肼还原Ag1+离子,同时部分地还原保护剂金属离子;
(5)过滤除银;
(6)加热滤液,蒸干之;
(7)用氢溴酸/硝酸混合溶液溶解之;
(8)用717型阴离子交换树脂柱吸附溶解液,加硝酸/氢溴酸混合液洗去未被还原的保护剂及银靶中的杂质65Zn2+;
(9)用硝酸洗脱树脂上保留的109Cd离子。
其中原料液中加入的保护剂可以是二价的铜离子或钴离子。
另外加入保护剂的量为放射性同位素镉-109的量的1×104∽3×104倍。
本发明是基于下述基本原理:
根据氧化—还原电位原理,在标准条件下,一种物质的氧化态—还原态在某一电位下发生电极反应,根据两种物质的氧化态—还原态电位差的大小就能判断能否发生置换反应,若其电位差越大,发生置换的倾向就越大,在多种物质存在下,就出现了先后置换的顺序,再应用能斯特(Nernst)方程式:
本发明是在银靶原料液中提取镉—109,表1列出银、镉和肼的氧化—还原电位数据。
表1 Ag,Cd和肼的氧化—还原标准电极电位值
编号 | 电极反应 | 标准电极反应(E°,伏) |
1 | Ag++e=Ag | 0.799 |
2 | Cd2++2e=Cd | -0.402 |
3 | N2+4H2O+4e=N2H4+4OH- | -1.15 |
靶料液中主要是Ag+和Cd2+,从标准电极电位表中看出加入肼先还原Ag+,若肼过量,还将还原Cd2+,使109Cd丢失。如果在靶料液中加入其电极电位在:0.799>E°>-0.402之间的任一电极电位物质,则过量的肼先将Ag+还原得比较彻底(去除99.99%以上)再还原部分上述电极电位值的物质,从而保护了109Cd不被还原,避免了109Cd在除Ag步骤中的丢失,这种情况已被实验所证实,表2为在料液中加入Cu2+为例的实验结果。
表2料液中Cu2+量对水合肼还原Cd2+的影响
[Ag+∶肼=1∶7(当量比)]
Cu2+(mg) 0 41.4 88 177 354
Ag+(0.615g)还原率(%) >99.99 >99.99 >99.99 >99.99 >99.99
Cd2+(471μg)收率(%) 70.3 93.0 95.9 103.3 102.5
由表2看出,当水合肼过量,不加Cu2+时,将有30%的Cd2+被还原丢失掉,当料液中Cu2+≥177mg时,则Cd2+不被还原。
本发明的流程较文献报道的省去了用铜粉置换Ag1+的步骤,结果既简化了操作程序,又把Ag1+的去除率提高一个数量级。
四、附图说明
图1文献报道加肼还原银离子流程图(加铜粉)
图2本发明的加肼还原银离子流程图(不加铜粉)
五、具体实施方式:
例1:加入二价铜离子作保护剂
如图2所示,取银靶1.1克,用15mL,5MOL/L的硝酸溶解Ag靶;90℃加热,蒸干;加入24mL,0.1MOL/L的纯硝酸,其中含铜离子(Cu2+)200毫克,溶解之;加入464mL,8%肼还原上面加了铜离子的银靶原料液,银离子还原,得沉淀Ag;过滤之;加热(90℃),蒸干滤液;用20mL,0.1MOL/L HBr/0.3MOL/L HNO3溶解之,过717阴离子树脂柱;用80M1 0.1MOL/L HBr/0.3MOL/L HNO3洗去未被还原的Cu2+,以及银靶中的65Zn2+等杂质,镉—109保留在树脂上;最后用45mL,3MOL/L HNO3洗脱树脂上的镉—109。经测量沉淀的银、树脂滤出液、洗脱的杂质及洗脱后的树脂,其109Cd放射性几乎为零,说明镉—109的收率接近100%,Ag的去除率为99.99%。
例2:加入二价钴离子作保护剂
加入钴离子(Co2+)量为180毫克,其它条件相同。
Claims (1)
1.一种放射性同位素镉-109(109Cd)的制备工艺,包括用回旋加速器的质子束轰击银靶,生成镉同位素109Cd,用硝酸溶解银靶,所得银靶溶解液称为原料液,再用肼还原原料液中大量的基体银离子(Ag1+),提纯镉-109离子(Cd2+),最后结合阴离子交换法提取Cd-109,其特征在于:根据氧化—还原电位序原理,首先在原料液中加入Cu2+或Co2+金属离子,作为Cd2+的保护剂,并使其不影响镉的分离;然后加入过量水合肼定量地还原银离子和部分保护剂,而Cd2+不被还原,具体工艺步骤为:
(1)用硝酸溶解银靶;
(2)加热蒸干;
(3)加入保护剂金属离子,用0.05∽0.15MOL/L硝酸溶解;
(4)加入过量的水合肼还原Ag1+离子,同时部分地还原保护剂金属离子;
(5)过滤除银;
(6)加热滤液,蒸干之;
(7)用氢溴酸/硝酸混合溶液溶解之;
(8)用717型阴离子交换树脂柱吸附溶解液,加硝酸/氢溴酸混合液洗去未被还原的保护剂及银靶中杂质55Zn2+;
(9)用硝酸洗脱树脂上保留的109Cd离子。
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CN102895877A (zh) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-30 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种镉浓缩同位素的阴离子交换纯化方法 |
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GB201007354D0 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-06-16 | Algeta Asa | Method |
PL3251126T3 (pl) | 2015-01-29 | 2019-10-31 | Framatome Gmbh | Tarcza naświetlana do produkcji radioizotopów, sposób wytwarzania oraz zastosowanie tarczy naświetlanej |
RU2617715C2 (ru) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-04-26 | Объединенный Институт Ядерных Исследований | Способ получения радиоизотопов серебра без носителя |
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CN102895877A (zh) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-30 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种镉浓缩同位素的阴离子交换纯化方法 |
CN102895877B (zh) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-08-13 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种镉浓缩同位素的阴离子交换纯化方法 |
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