CN114751787A - Large-particle composite microbial fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Large-particle composite microbial fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114751787A CN114751787A CN202210568767.9A CN202210568767A CN114751787A CN 114751787 A CN114751787 A CN 114751787A CN 202210568767 A CN202210568767 A CN 202210568767A CN 114751787 A CN114751787 A CN 114751787A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 16
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 241000219927 Eucalyptus Species 0.000 description 18
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 description 7
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940038879 chelated zinc Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194103 Bacillus pumilus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001233195 Eucalyptus grandis Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005614 potassium polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
Abstract
The invention provides a large-particle composite microbial fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers. According to the invention, the large-particle fertilizer with the particle size of 5-20 cm is prepared by controlling the adding proportion of the adhesive and the water-retaining agent in the compound microbial fertilizer and the pressure during extrusion granulation. The large-particle composite microbial fertilizer prepared by the invention can be hardly decomposed after being applied by spreading by controlling the hardness and compactness of the particles, can control the release speed of nutrients, ensures the durability of fertilizer efficiency, and reduces the time cost and labor cost of the fertilization operation in forests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and particularly relates to a large-particle composite microbial fertilizer.
Background
The compound microbial fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer containing bacteria, organic matters and nutrient fertilizer, wherein the nutrient fertilizer directly provides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium element nutrition required by production for crops, the organic matters and the bacteria can promote the growth of the crops, more importantly, the compound microbial fertilizer can improve the quality of soil, repair the soil, better provide a growing environment for the crops and has the function of regulating microecology.
In the mountainous forest land, because the root systems of the crops are underground, the root systems on the ground surface are few, the fertilizer sinks to the underground slowly, and the factors of drifting, passing, decomposition and the like are combined to seriously influence the absorption and utilization of the crops to the nutrients, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low; meanwhile, powder or small-particle fertilizers easily pass along with rainwater, or the fertilizers are scattered in the fertilizing process to enlarge the fertilizing area, the sinking depth of soluble nutrient fertilizers is not enough, a large amount of fertilizers can be directly absorbed by the root systems of weeds on the ground surface, so that the flowing waste is caused, and the absorption utilization rate of crops is low; and the direct sunlight or the nitrogen fertilizer on the ground surface is easily decomposed into gaseous nitrogen to be volatilized into the air, which causes the waste of nutrition cost. Therefore, the traditional fertilizing method is to dig pits under trees in a forest by manpower, and after the pits are dug, the fertilizer is manually carried to be put in the pits one by one, and then the soil is covered, namely the fertilizing period is completed. However, the operation needs time and time intervals, the operation in the forest is limited by the terrain, the operation efficiency of workers is very low, and the whole fertilizing period is long due to two reasons; the labor and materials in the whole fertilization process far exceed the cost of the fertilizer, and the cost of paying operators in the whole cost is too large. And the labor force in this aspect is now also reduced year by year, resulting in the situation of no work available. In the wood production places such as fast-growing economic forests and the like, the yield is increased by fertilizing, more seriously, farmers or planting enterprises control the cost, compress the cost of the fertilizer under the condition that the labor cost cannot be compressed, use the low-quality fertilizer containing high chlorine, and the fertilizing further damages the soil fertility, destroys the soil quality and fundamentally damages the health problem of the soil. Therefore, the traditional fertilizer application has long operation period, high cost, low efficiency, waste labor and other restrictive factors which need to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a large-granule composite microbial fertilizer, which can be directly applied in forest work without reducing fertilizer efficiency, and can effectively reduce time cost and labor cost of the forest fertilization work.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a large-particle composite microbial fertilizer, wherein 3.5-5% of granulation additives are added into fertilizer raw materials, the granulation additives comprise an adhesive and a water-retaining agent, and the ratio of the adhesive to the water-retaining agent is 9-11.5: 1.
Preferably, the particle size of the fertilizer is 5-20 cm.
Preferably, the adhesive is a mixture of gelatinized starch and silicate mineral.
Preferably, the water retaining agent is a polyacrylate water retaining agent.
Preferably, the number of effective viable bacteria in the composite microbial fertilizer is 0.20-100 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the fertilizer comprises, by mass, 20-65% of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 30-75% of organic matters, 0.1-2% of trace elements, 3.5-5% of granulation additives and 1-6% of bacterial powder.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: after the raw materials are mixed in proportion, the pressure is controlled to be 1-2.5 MPa, and extrusion granulation is carried out.
Preferably, the mixing sequence of the raw materials is as follows: respectively crushing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and then mixing to obtain powder A; mixing the fungus powder, the trace elements and the water-retaining agent to obtain B powder; mixing the organic matter and the adhesive to obtain C powder; mixing the powder C and the powder B, and then mixing the powder C and the powder A.
Preferably, the water content of the C powder is adjusted to be 22-28%.
The invention also provides application of the large-particle compound microbial fertilizer in forest land fertilization operation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a large-particle compound microbial fertilizer, which combines the fertilization characteristics of economic forest trees, and ensures that the fertilizer can not be rapidly decomposed due to wind blowing and sunshine even if the fertilizer is not buried underground after being spread by the fertilizer by controlling the hardness and compactness of particles. Meanwhile, the invention controls the collapse speed of the product by controlling the adding proportion of the adhesive and the water-retaining agent, thereby controlling the release speed of nutrients, ensuring the durability of fertilizer efficiency and reducing the time cost and labor cost of the fertilization operation in forests.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on the height of a eucalyptus tree at different times;
FIG. 2 shows the effect of different treatments on the diameter of the chest of a eucalyptus tree at different times.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a large-particle composite microbial fertilizer, wherein 3.5-5% of granulation additives are added into the fertilizer, the granulation additives comprise an adhesive and a water-retaining agent, and the ratio of the adhesive to the water-retaining agent is 9-11.5: 1.
In the invention, the addition amount of the granulation additive is preferably 3.8-4.6%, and more preferably 4-4.2%; the ratio of the adhesive to the water-retaining agent is preferably 9.5-11: 1, more preferably 9.8-10.5: 1.
in the present invention, the binder is preferably a mixture of gelatinized starch and silicate mineral. As an alternative embodiment, the adhesive used in the present invention is a mixture of modified gelatinized starch mainly made of corn starch and tapioca flour and silicate mineral as main ingredients, and may be a commercially available product.
In the present invention, the water retaining agent is preferably a polyacrylate type water retaining agent, and more preferably comprises ammonium polyacrylate and/or potassium polyacrylate.
According to the invention, by controlling the using amounts of the water-retaining agent and the adhesive, the disintegration speed of the large-particle fertilizer can be controlled, so that the release speed of the fertilizer is combined with the fertilizer requirement characteristics of economic forest trees, and the long-term fertilizer application requirement of the forest trees is met. The invention discovers that the water-retaining agent can expand after absorbing water, and can shrink after drying out the water, so that the outer layer material can be disintegrated layer by layer through the expansion and shrinkage changes. If the proportion of the adhesive to the water-retaining agent is too large, the viscosity of fertilizer particles is too large, the release speed of the fertilizer is too slow, the fertilizer can act for a longer time, but the nutrient absorption of the forest can not be met, and the growth vigor of the forest can be slow. On the contrary, the fertilizer particles are easy to loosen, so that the fertilizer efficiency is released too fast, particularly the nitrogen element is easy to lose, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is obviously reduced.
In the invention, the added adhesive and the water retention agent mainly influence the function of the dosage form and are used for controlling the release speed of nutrients, and the granulation additive has no toxicity to the environment, so the granulation additive has no special influence on the fertilizer efficiency and the soil environment.
In the invention, the particle size of the fertilizer is 5-20 cm, preferably 10-18 cm, more preferably 13-16 cm, and most preferably 14-15 cm. The shape of the large granular fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the fertilizer can be round cake, cylindrical, cuboid, cube, conical, spherical or irregular, and only the grain size of the fertilizer is limited.
According to the invention, by adopting a large integral block fertilizer form, the contact area between the fertilizer and soil can be reduced, the dissolution and dispersion speed of the fertilizer can be reduced, and the fertilizer efficiency loss caused by wind, sunshine and rain of the fertilizer can be avoided under the condition of not burying underground. Meanwhile, the shape of the large particles is more convenient for workers to fertilize in the forest.
According to the invention, the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer comprises, by mass, 20-65% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 30-75% of organic matters, 0.1-2% of trace elements, 3.5-5% of granulation additives and 1-6% of bacterial powder. Preferably, the fertilizer comprises 30-56% of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 35-62% of organic matters, 0.5-1% of trace elements, 3.8-4% of granulation additives and 2-5% of bacterial powder.
In the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, the content of nitrogen element, the content of phosphorus element and the content of potassium element are respectively not less than 14 percent of the total nutrient content. The nitrogen element is directly marked by element content, the content of the phosphorus element is embodied in the form of phosphorus pentoxide, the content of the potassium element is embodied in the form of potassium oxide, and the total nutrient is the sum of the nitrogen element content, the phosphorus pentoxide content and the potassium oxide content (marked as N + P)2O5+K2O). The invention does not limit the source selection of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
The source of the organic matter raw material is not limited in the invention. In an optional embodiment, the organic matter is decomposed organic matter obtained by fermenting organic waste materials such as mushroom residues, seaweed residues and straws through a fermentation process.
In the invention, the trace elements comprise boron fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, iron fertilizer, chlorine fertilizer and the like, can be a single-purity compound containing one trace element, and can also be a compound fertilizer and a mixed fertilizer containing various trace and large-amount nutrient elements.
In the invention, the bacterial powder comprises bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, bacillus pumilus and the like. The effective viable count of the compound microbial fertilizer is 0.20-100 hundred million/g, and preferably 1-80 hundred million/g.
The preparation method of the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: after the raw materials are mixed in proportion, the pressure is controlled to be 1-2.5 MPa, and extrusion granulation is carried out, wherein the pressure is preferably 1.2-2.2 MPa, and more preferably 1.5-2.0 MPa. The invention can increase the compactness of the large-particle compound microbial fertilizer by increasing the pressure during granulation, controls the nutrient to be in a slow release state all the time in the whole period of fertilizer release, is simpler and more convenient than the traditional coating technology, and also avoids the situation that the release speed is difficult to control in the later release period of the coated fertilizer.
In the present invention, the raw material mixing order is preferably: respectively crushing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and then mixing to obtain powder A; mixing the fungus powder, the trace elements and the water-retaining agent to obtain B powder; mixing the organic matter and the adhesive to obtain C powder; mixing the powder C and the powder B, and then mixing the powder C and the powder A.
According to the invention, when the organic matter is mixed with the adhesive to obtain the C powder, the water content of the C powder is adjusted to 22-28%, preferably 24-26%, and more preferably 25%.
The invention provides application of the large-particle compound microbial fertilizer in forest land fertilization operation, and the fertilizer can be uniformly scattered around trees in a scattering manner.
The forest land is preferably eucalyptus forest.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the specific embodiment, the organic matter is decomposed organic matter (obtained by performing solid groove type oxygen aeration fermentation on mushroom residue, seaweed residue and straw and showing weak alkalinity) produced by fermentation of Fujian three-torch biotechnical corporation; the adhesive is a mixture of corn starch, deformed gelatinized starch taking cassava flour as main raw materials and silicate mineral as main components, and is purchased from Shandong Whitein European German chemical fertilizer auxiliary agent company Limited; the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide and is purchased from Shankang chemical Co., Ltd.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a large-particle composite microbial fertilizer.
The raw material ratio is as follows: 20% of potassium nitrate, 10% of monoammonium phosphate, 25% of urea, 4% of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, 1% of Bacillus subtilis powder, 0.6% of boric acid, 0.1% of chelated zinc, 3.9% of an adhesive, 0.4% of a water retaining agent and 100% of organic matter.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively crushing potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and urea, and mixing to obtain powder A; mixing the bacillus mucilaginosus powder, the bacillus subtilis powder, boric acid, chelated zinc and a water-retaining agent to obtain B powder; mixing the organic matter and the adhesive, and adjusting the water content to 25% to obtain C powder; mixing the powder C and the powder B, then mixing the powder A with the powder C to prepare powder material D before granulation, and conveying the material D into a granulator for extrusion granulation, wherein the pressure of the granulator is set to be 1 MPa. The prepared cylindrical large-particle composite microbial fertilizer has the diameter of 10cm and the weight of a single particle of 240 g.
Example 2
The present example differs from example 1 in that: the raw materials comprise 3.91 percent of adhesive and 0.39 percent of water-retaining agent.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: the raw materials comprise 3.94 percent of adhesive and 0.36 percent of water-retaining agent.
Example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the raw materials comprise 4.5 percent of adhesive and 0.4 percent of water-retaining agent.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that: the granulator was set to a pressure of 1.5 MPa.
Example 6
This example differs from example 1 in that: the granulator was set to a pressure of 2 MPa.
Example 7
This example differs from example 1 in that: the prepared round cake-shaped large-particle composite microbial fertilizer has the diameter of 15cm and the weight of a single particle of 250 g.
Example 8
This example differs from example 1 in that: the prepared cylindrical large-particle composite microbial fertilizer has the diameter of 15cm and the weight of a single particle of 240 g.
Example 9
This example differs from example 1 in that: the prepared spherical large-particle composite microbial fertilizer has the diameter of 10cm and the weight of a single particle of 350 g.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: 3.9 percent of adhesive and 1 percent of water-retaining agent in the raw materials.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that: 3.9 percent of adhesive and 0 percent of water retention agent in the raw materials.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the raw materials comprise 2.5 percent of adhesive and 0.4 percent of water-retaining agent.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the raw materials comprise 0 percent of adhesive and 0 percent of water-retaining agent.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the raw materials comprise 0 percent of adhesive and 0.4 percent of water-retaining agent.
The slow release effects of the experiments of example 1, example 4, example 5, example 8, example 9 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were verified, the experiments were conducted in eucalyptus forests in south Jing county, Zhangzhou, Fujian province, the diameter lengths of the fertilizers from the center points to the sides without collapse were periodically measured, the total duration of the diameter lengths until the diameter lengths were consumed to 0 was counted, each group of experiments were repeated for 3 times, and the average total duration of each group of experiments was counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 fertilizer efficiency time of different large granular fertilizers
As can be seen from Table 1, the slow release effect of the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer is affected by the dosage and pressure of the adhesive and the water-retaining agent in the raw materials and the change of the diameter and weight of the fertilizer, and the proportion of the adhesive and the water-retaining agent is a main factor affecting the slow release effect of the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example provides a composite microbial fertilizer powder.
The raw material ratio is as follows: 20% of potassium nitrate, 10% of monoammonium phosphate, 25% of urea, the balance of organic matters to 100%, 4% of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, 1% of Bacillus subtilis powder, 0.6% of boric acid and 0.1% of chelated zinc.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively crushing potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and urea, and mixing to obtain powder A; mixing the bacillus mucilaginosus powder, the bacillus subtilis powder, boric acid and chelated zinc to obtain B powder; adjusting the water content of the organic matter to 25% to obtain C powder; mixing the powder C and the powder B, then mixing the powder A with the powder C to prepare a powdery material D powder, detecting to be qualified, and quantitatively packaging to obtain the composite microbial fertilizer powder product
Comparative example 7
The present comparative example provides a small particle composite microbial fertilizer.
The raw material ratio is as follows: 20% of potassium nitrate, 10% of monoammonium phosphate, 25% of urea, the balance of organic matters to 100%, 4% of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, 1% of Bacillus subtilis powder, 0.6% of boric acid and 0.1% of chelated zinc.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively crushing potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and urea, and mixing to obtain powder A; mixing the bacillus mucilaginosus powder, the bacillus subtilis powder, boric acid and chelated zinc to obtain B powder; adjusting the water content of the organic matter to 25% to obtain C powder; mixing the powder C and the powder B, then mixing the powder A with the powder C to prepare a powdery material D powder, extruding the powder into small cylindrical particles by a disc extrusion granulator with the aperture of 4mm, cooling, detecting to be qualified, and quantitatively packaging to obtain the composite microbial fertilizer particle product
Comparative example 8
The comparative example provides a small-particle compound fertilizer.
The raw material ratio is as follows: 23% of potassium sulfate, 10% of potassium nitrate, 15.3% of monoammonium phosphate, 23% of ammonium sulfate, 28% of urea, 0.6% of boric acid and 0.1% of chelated zinc.
The preparation method is a conventional preparation method of the compound fertilizer: mixing and dissolving all the raw materials, granulating by a high tower, spray cooling and drying, and screening to prepare the small fertilizer particles.
Test examples
The experimental example provides a comparison of the large-particle compound microbial fertilizer prepared by the invention and fertilizers which are applied in holes and scattered in eucalyptus forest land by conventional powder and small-particle fertilizers.
1. The fertilizer prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 6 to 8 were subjected to nutrient content measurement, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Fertilizer product indices
As can be seen from Table 1, the large-particle compound microbial fertilizer prepared by the invention has no difference in nutrient content with conventional powder and small-particle fertilizer.
2. Eucalyptus forest fertilization tests were performed on example 1 and comparative examples 6 to 8, respectively.
(1) The test eucalyptus: the variety is eucalyptus grandis, newly planted forest land with the age of 1.5 years is located in Nanjing county of Zhangzhou city in Fujian province.
(2) Test soil: the soil of the test field is red soil, a soil layer of 0-60cm, 11.91g/kg of organic matters, 0.62g/kg of total nitrogen, 10.7mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 3.57mg/kg of available phosphorus, 10.46mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and 4.75 of pH value. The soil has low content of available nutrients and low fertility level.
(3) And (3) experimental design: the experiment was performed in a random block array with 9 treatments and 3 repetitions, 40 plants per cell (area 252.4 m)2) Experimentally at a rate of 666.7m2And planting 110 eucalyptus plants. The experimental grouping conditions are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Experimental grouping and fertilizing methods
(4) Fertilization and management documentation
Hole application: two grooves are respectively arranged on two sides of each eucalyptus plant, the fertilizing groove is 60cm long, 20cm wide and 20-30 cm deep, and fertilizers are evenly applied into the grooves and then covered with soil. The experimental treatments 2, 4, 6 and 8 were carried out with 0.5kg of fertilizer per plant and 0.25kg per pit, respectively.
Broadcasting: respectively putting 0.5kg of fertilizer into each plant of groups 1, 3, 5 and 7 of experimental treatment, and uniformly spreading the fertilizer around the trees;
the test was carried out 3 months and 23 days in 2020, and the tree vigor was investigated once each 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after fertilization before fertilization.
The tree vigor investigation method comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting 10 eucalyptuses with similar growth vigor for tracking and monitoring in each cell, and measuring the tree height and the breast diameter. And performing data statistical analysis by using an EXCEL table.
(5) Analysis of results
The effect of different treatments on the height of the eucalyptus trees at different times was counted and the results are shown in table 4 and fig. 1.
TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on Eucalyptus Tree height
Remarking: the data in the table are the average of the tree heights of the cells.
As can be seen from table 4, the eucalyptus height was significantly increased from that before the fertilization by the investigation after the fertilization in 3/23/2020, 6/22/2020, 9/24/2020, 12/23/2020, and 3/23/2021.
Compared with different formulations (treatment 2, treatment 4, treatment 6), the fertilizer effect is different in a certain time, but the fertilizer effect is not greatly influenced by prolonging the time. In treatments 3 and 4, treatments 5 and 6, and treatments 7 and 8, the fertilizer efficiency of hole application was much higher than that of broadcast application, but the effect of hole application and broadcast application of treatment 1 (plant height increase of 138.8%) was similar to that of treatment 2 (plant height increase of 141.1%), and the plant height increase of the unfertilized eucalyptus itself was 61.2%. It is shown that the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer of the invention can not affect the fertilizer effect when being applied in a spreading way from the plant height.
The effect of different treatments on the diameter at breast height of eucalyptus at different times was counted and the results are shown in table 5 and fig. 2.
TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments on the diameter at breast height of Eucalyptus
Remarking: the data in the table are the mean values of the breast diameters of the trees of the respective cells.
As can be seen from Table 5, the chest diameters of eucalyptus trees in different time periods after fertilization are obviously increased compared with those before fertilization.
Compared with different dosage forms (treatment 2, treatment 4, treatment 6), it differed in time, but the fertilizer efficiency did not have much effect over the extended time. In treatments 3 and 4, treatments 5 and 6, and treatments 7 and 8, the fertilizer efficiency of hole application was much higher than that of broadcast application, but the hole application and broadcast application effects of treatments 1 (chest diameter increase of 125.6%) and 2 (chest diameter increase of 124.7%) were not equal to each other, and the chest diameter increase of the unfertilized eucalyptus itself was 59.5%. It is shown that the effect of the fertilizer is not affected by the large-particle compound microbial fertilizer.
(6) Measuring the slow release effect of the fertilizer treated by 1-2
The lengths of the diameters from the center point to the edge of the fertilizer which are not collapsed are measured respectively with the lengths before fertilization, 3 months after fertilization, 6 months after fertilization, 9 months after fertilization and 12 months after fertilization, and the results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 measurement of fertilizer diameter
As can be seen from Table 6, the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer prepared in example 1 was applied to the forest, and the fertilizer efficiency was maintained for 12 months, which was similar to the hole application effect.
In conclusion, the fertilizer efficiency of the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer is not reduced compared with that of powder and conventional small-particle type fertilizer, and the fertilizer efficiency of the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer is far higher than that of other products in terms of the fertilizer application mode of the fertilizer. In addition, the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer has the same hole application and broadcast application effects in a fertilization mode, and the time cost and labor cost of forest fertilization operation are reduced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The large-particle composite microbial fertilizer is characterized in that 3.5-5% of granulation additives are added into fertilizer raw materials, the granulation additives comprise an adhesive and a water-retaining agent, and the ratio of the adhesive to the water-retaining agent is 9-11.5: 1.
2. The large-particle composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the fertilizer is 5-20 cm.
3. The large-particle composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the binder is a mixture of gelatinized starch and silicate minerals.
4. The large-particle composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water retention agent is polyacrylate type water retention agent.
5. The large-particle composite microbial fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the composite microbial fertilizer is 0.20-100 hundred million/g.
6. The large-particle composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer comprises, by mass, 20-65% of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 30-75% of organic matter, 0.1-2% of trace elements, 3.5-5% of granulation additives and 1-6% of bacterial powder.
7. The preparation method of the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the raw materials are mixed in proportion, and then are subjected to extrusion granulation under a pressure of 1 to 2.5 MPa.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the raw materials are mixed in the order of: respectively crushing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and then mixing to obtain powder A; mixing the fungus powder, the trace elements and the water-retaining agent to obtain B powder; mixing the organic matter and the adhesive to obtain C powder; mixing the powder C and the powder B, and then mixing the powder C and the powder A.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the water content of the C powder is adjusted to 22-28%.
10. The use of the large-particle composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 in fertilizing operation in woodland.
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