CN114747599B - 一种烟粉虱驱避剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种烟粉虱驱避剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114747599B
CN114747599B CN202210670683.6A CN202210670683A CN114747599B CN 114747599 B CN114747599 B CN 114747599B CN 202210670683 A CN202210670683 A CN 202210670683A CN 114747599 B CN114747599 B CN 114747599B
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bemisia tabaci
repellent
aerogel
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CN114747599A (zh
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国家进
丁俊洋
林桂玉
夏海波
代惠洁
国艳春
张传伟
肖万里
黄胜贤
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Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Industry Group Biological Control Technology Co ltd
Weifang University of Science and Technology
Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Industry Group Co Ltd
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Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Industry Group Biological Control Technology Co ltd
Weifang University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种烟粉虱驱避剂及其制备方法,属于昆虫防治技术领域,所述制备方法由以下步骤组成:制备初混物、气凝胶改性、复合、后处理;所述制备初混物的方法为,将植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯混合均匀后进行真空冷冻干燥,真空冷冻干燥结束后得到初混物;本发明的烟粉虱驱避剂能够延长烟粉虱驱避剂的持续时间,避免对农作物的产量产生影响,还能够对烟粉虱的产卵进行抑制。

Description

一种烟粉虱驱避剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及昆虫防治技术领域,具体涉及一种烟粉虱驱避剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
烟粉虱属同翅目粉虱科,主要危害瓜类、茄果类、豆类、十字花科类等蔬菜,常造成植株萎蔫、枯死,同时还能诱发黑色煤污病。南方地区每年发生11-15代,世代重叠现象严重,而北方地区露地不能越冬,但保护地中可以周年为害。近年来烟粉虱危害逐年上升,成虫、若虫均会刺吸植物叶片汁液,导致受害叶片褪绿,严重时会导致植株死亡。烟粉虱成虫具有趋光性和趋嫩性,多在植株的中上部叶片产卵,能适应较高温的环境,温度为25-30℃时,是烟粉虱种群发育、存活和繁殖最适宜的温度条件。
驱避剂是由植物产生或人工合成的具有驱避昆虫作用的活性化学物质,驱避剂本身无杀虫活性,通过挥发出的气味驱避昆虫。有些品种的农药既有驱避作用,也有毒杀作用,单纯的驱避作用仅是一种消极的防治方法,驱避剂对环境的影响主要是造成暂时性气味污染,一般不会长期危害环境或破坏生态平衡,使用驱避剂对烟粉虱进行防治,不仅能够避免长期危害环境,还能够提高防治效果。
但是现有烟粉虱驱避剂一般使用挥发性较高的毒性物质制成,持续时间短,会对农作物的生长产生影响,进而影响产量,而且烟粉虱驱避剂只能对烟粉虱成虫产生影响,不能对烟粉虱的产卵产生影响,所以每年都需要进行多次重复使用。为了解决上述问题,目前最常用的方法为对烟粉虱驱避剂进行负载,解决挥发性强的问题,但是却无法解决烟粉虱驱避剂会影响产量,以及对烟粉虱的产卵无法产生影响的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种烟粉虱驱避剂及其制备方法,能够延长烟粉虱驱避剂的持续时间,避免对农作物的产量产生影响,还能够对烟粉虱的产卵进行抑制。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:制备初混物、气凝胶改性、复合、后处理。
所述制备初混物的方法为,将植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯混合均匀后进行真空冷冻干燥,控制真空冷冻干燥的真空度为30-50Pa,温度为-45℃至-40℃,时间为1-1.5h,真空冷冻干燥结束后得到初混物;
所述制备初混物中,植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯的重量比为18-20:4-6:25-27:10-12:5-8;
所述植物提取物的制备方法为:将新鲜大蒜、旱金莲、金盏花、鼠尾草叶片分别清洗后置于50-55℃烘干,然后分别使用粉碎机粉碎至80-100目,得到大蒜粉、旱金莲粉、金盏花粉、鼠尾草叶粉,然后将大蒜粉、旱金莲粉、金盏花粉、鼠尾草叶粉以重量比为12-15:15-18:20-22:7-10混合均匀后得到混合粉,将混合粉、普鲁兰多糖、甲酸、质量分数为3-5%的次氯酸水溶液按照重量比为35-40:4-6:2-3:45-50混合均匀进行射频辅助提取,控制射频辅助提取中的工作频率为27-30MHz,射频处理器的极板间距为120-140mm,功率为6-7kW,温度为50-55℃,时间为18-20min,射频辅助提取结束得到初级提取液,对初级提取液进行高频电磁震荡处理,控制高频电磁震荡处理的频率为8-10MHz,最大电流密度为15-18A/cm2,时间为5-7min,高频电磁震荡处理结束得到提取液,对提取液进行真空喷雾干燥,控制真空喷雾干燥中的真空度为0.02-0.03MPa,进料量为1200-1400mL/h,雾化压力为0.5-0.6MPa,进风温度为110-120℃,出风温度为60-70℃,真空喷雾干燥结束得到植物提取物。
所述气凝胶改性的方法为,将初混物、木质素磺酸钠、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末混合均匀后使用60Co-γ辐射源进行电离辐照处理,控制电离辐照处理中的吸收剂量率为600-800Gy/min,温度为20-25℃,时间为40-50min,电离辐照处理结束得到气凝胶改性后的初混物;
所述气凝胶改性中,初混物、木质素磺酸钠、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的重量比为50-55:5-7:3-6;
所述气凝胶改性中,二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的粒径为300-400µm。
所述复合的方法为,将气凝胶改性后的初混物、芸香油、β-石竹烯、β-月桂烯、松油烯-4-醇、水杨酸甲酯、聚乙二醇400混合后在真空下进行低温搅拌,控制搅拌时的转速为200-250rpm,真空度为200-300Pa,温度为5-10℃,时间为40-45min,搅拌结束得到混合物;
所述复合中,气凝胶改性后的初混物、芸香油、β-石竹烯、β-月桂烯、松油烯-4-醇、水杨酸甲酯、聚乙二醇400的重量比为60-65:3-5:2-5:1-3:5-8:10-12:1-2。
所述后处理的方法为,将混合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、改性粒子混合均匀后得到烟粉虱驱避剂;
所述后处理中,混合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、改性粒子的重量比为100-105:2-5:7-10;
所述改性粒子的制备方法为:将纳米沸石粉、壳聚糖、EDTA二钠、茶皂素混合后进行球磨,控制球磨时的球料比为10-12:1,转速为300-350rpm,温度为20-25℃,时间为45-50min,球磨结束得到改性粒子;
所述改性粒子的制备中,纳米沸石粉的粒径为300-500nm;
所述改性粒子的制备中,纳米沸石粉、壳聚糖、EDTA二钠、茶皂素的重量比为30-35:5-8:1-3:2-5。
一种烟粉虱驱避剂,采用上述烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法制得。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明制备的烟粉虱驱避剂,驱避效率高,用于菜地中对烟粉虱的驱避率能达到91.7-92.6%;
(2)本发明的烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法,能够延长烟粉虱驱避剂的持续时间,通过在纸箱中进行模拟试验,对驱避剂进行循环使用,第1次驱避率能达到98-99%,第20次驱避率能达到97-98%,第40次驱避率能达到97-98%,第60次驱避率能达到95-97%,第80次驱避率能达到93-95%,第100次驱避率能达到91-92%;
(3)本发明的烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法,能够在提高对烟粉虱的驱避率的同时,避免对产量造成影响,使用本发明的烟粉虱驱避剂后的菜地中番茄产量为1180.8-1210.2kg/100m2
(4)本发明制备的烟粉虱驱避剂,能够对烟粉虱卵起到抑制作用,在应用本发明的烟粉虱驱避剂30d后,对烟粉虱的产卵抑制率能达到86.3-87.1%。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
一种烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法,具体为:
1.制备初混物:将植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯混合均匀后进行真空冷冻干燥,控制真空冷冻干燥的真空度为30Pa,温度为-45℃,时间为1h,真空冷冻干燥结束后得到初混物;
其中,植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯的重量比为18:4:25:10:5;
所述植物提取物的制备方法为:将新鲜大蒜、旱金莲、金盏花、鼠尾草叶片分别清洗后置于50℃烘干,然后分别使用粉碎机粉碎至80目,得到大蒜粉、旱金莲粉、金盏花粉、鼠尾草叶粉,然后将大蒜粉、旱金莲粉、金盏花粉、鼠尾草叶粉以重量比为12:15:20:7混合均匀后得到混合粉,将混合粉、普鲁兰多糖、甲酸、质量分数为3%的次氯酸水溶液按照重量比为35:4:2:45混合均匀进行射频辅助提取,控制射频辅助提取中的工作频率为27MHz,射频处理器的极板间距为120mm,功率为6kW,温度为50℃,时间为18min,射频辅助提取结束得到初级提取液,对初级提取液进行高频电磁震荡处理,控制高频电磁震荡处理的频率为8MHz,最大电流密度为15A/cm2,时间为5min,高频电磁震荡处理结束得到提取液,对提取液进行真空喷雾干燥,控制真空喷雾干燥中的真空度为0.02MPa,进料量为1200mL/h,雾化压力为0.5MPa,进风温度为110℃,出风温度为60℃,真空喷雾干燥结束得到植物提取物。
2.气凝胶改性:将初混物、木质素磺酸钠、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末混合均匀后使用60Co-γ辐射源进行电离辐照处理,控制电离辐照处理中的吸收剂量率为600Gy/min,温度为20℃,时间为40min,电离辐照处理结束得到气凝胶改性后的初混物;
其中,初混物、木质素磺酸钠、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的重量比为50:5:3;
所述二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的粒径为300µm。
3.复合:将气凝胶改性后的初混物、芸香油、β-石竹烯、β-月桂烯、松油烯-4-醇、水杨酸甲酯、聚乙二醇400混合后在真空下进行低温搅拌,控制搅拌时的转速为200rpm,真空度为200Pa,温度为5℃,时间为40min,搅拌结束得到混合物;
其中,气凝胶改性后的初混物、芸香油、β-石竹烯、β-月桂烯、松油烯-4-醇、水杨酸甲酯、聚乙二醇400的重量比为60:3:2:1:5:10:1。
4.后处理:将混合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、改性粒子混合均匀后得到烟粉虱驱避剂;
其中,混合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、改性粒子的重量比为100:2:7;
所述改性粒子的制备方法为:将纳米沸石粉、壳聚糖、EDTA二钠、茶皂素混合后进行球磨,控制球磨时的球料比为10:1,转速为300rpm,温度为20℃,时间为45min,球磨结束得到改性粒子;
所述纳米沸石粉的粒径为300nm;
其中,纳米沸石粉、壳聚糖、EDTA二钠、茶皂素的重量比为30:5:1:2。
实施例2
一种烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法,具体为:
1.制备初混物:将植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯混合均匀后进行真空冷冻干燥,控制真空冷冻干燥的真空度为40Pa,温度为-42℃,时间为1.2h,真空冷冻干燥结束后得到初混物;
其中,植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯的重量比为19:5:26:11:6;
所述植物提取物的制备方法为:将新鲜大蒜、旱金莲、金盏花、鼠尾草叶片分别清洗后置于52℃烘干,然后分别使用粉碎机粉碎至90目,得到大蒜粉、旱金莲粉、金盏花粉、鼠尾草叶粉,然后将大蒜粉、旱金莲粉、金盏花粉、鼠尾草叶粉以重量比为13:17:21:8混合均匀后得到混合粉,将混合粉、普鲁兰多糖、甲酸、质量分数为4%的次氯酸水溶液按照重量比为37:5:2.5:47混合均匀进行射频辅助提取,控制射频辅助提取中的工作频率为28MHz,射频处理器的极板间距为130mm,功率为6.5kW,温度为52℃,时间为19min,射频辅助提取结束得到初级提取液,对初级提取液进行高频电磁震荡处理,控制高频电磁震荡处理的频率为9MHz,最大电流密度为17A/cm2,时间为6min,高频电磁震荡处理结束得到提取液,对提取液进行真空喷雾干燥,控制真空喷雾干燥中的真空度为0.025MPa,进料量为1300mL/h,雾化压力为0.55MPa,进风温度为115℃,出风温度为65℃,真空喷雾干燥结束得到植物提取物。
2.气凝胶改性:将初混物、木质素磺酸钠、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末混合均匀后使用60Co-γ辐射源进行电离辐照处理,控制电离辐照处理中的吸收剂量率为700Gy/min,温度为22℃,时间为45min,电离辐照处理结束得到气凝胶改性后的初混物;
其中,初混物、木质素磺酸钠、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的重量比为52:6:5;
所述二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的粒径为350µm。
3.复合:将气凝胶改性后的初混物、芸香油、β-石竹烯、β-月桂烯、松油烯-4-醇、水杨酸甲酯、聚乙二醇400混合后在真空下进行低温搅拌,控制搅拌时的转速为220rpm,真空度为250Pa,温度为7℃,时间为42min,搅拌结束得到混合物;
其中,气凝胶改性后的初混物、芸香油、β-石竹烯、β-月桂烯、松油烯-4-醇、水杨酸甲酯、聚乙二醇400的重量比为62:4:3:2:7:11:1.5。
4.后处理:将混合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、改性粒子混合均匀后得到烟粉虱驱避剂;
其中,混合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、改性粒子的重量比为102:3:8;
所述改性粒子的制备方法为:将纳米沸石粉、壳聚糖、EDTA二钠、茶皂素混合后进行球磨,控制球磨时的球料比为11:1,转速为320rpm,温度为22℃,时间为47min,球磨结束得到改性粒子;
所述纳米沸石粉的粒径为400nm;
其中,纳米沸石粉、壳聚糖、EDTA二钠、茶皂素的重量比为32:7:2:3。
实施例3
一种烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法,具体为:
1.制备初混物:将植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯混合均匀后进行真空冷冻干燥,控制真空冷冻干燥的真空度为50Pa,温度为-40℃,时间为1.5h,真空冷冻干燥结束后得到初混物;
其中,植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯的重量比为20:6:27:12:8;
所述植物提取物的制备方法为:将新鲜大蒜、旱金莲、金盏花、鼠尾草叶片分别清洗后置于55℃烘干,然后分别使用粉碎机粉碎至100目,得到大蒜粉、旱金莲粉、金盏花粉、鼠尾草叶粉,然后将大蒜粉、旱金莲粉、金盏花粉、鼠尾草叶粉以重量比为15:18:22:10混合均匀后得到混合粉,将混合粉、普鲁兰多糖、甲酸、质量分数为5%的次氯酸水溶液按照重量比为40:6:3:50混合均匀进行射频辅助提取,控制射频辅助提取中的工作频率为30MHz,射频处理器的极板间距为140mm,功率为7kW,温度为55℃,时间为20min,射频辅助提取结束得到初级提取液,对初级提取液进行高频电磁震荡处理,控制高频电磁震荡处理的频率为10MHz,最大电流密度为18A/cm2,时间为7min,高频电磁震荡处理结束得到提取液,对提取液进行真空喷雾干燥,控制真空喷雾干燥中的真空度为0.03MPa,进料量为1400mL/h,雾化压力为0.6MPa,进风温度为120℃,出风温度为70℃,真空喷雾干燥结束得到植物提取物。
2.气凝胶改性:将初混物、木质素磺酸钠、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末混合均匀后使用60Co-γ辐射源进行电离辐照处理,控制电离辐照处理中的吸收剂量率为800Gy/min,温度为25℃,时间为50min,电离辐照处理结束得到气凝胶改性后的初混物;
其中,初混物、木质素磺酸钠、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的重量比为55:7:6;
所述二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的粒径为400µm。
3.复合:将气凝胶改性后的初混物、芸香油、β-石竹烯、β-月桂烯、松油烯-4-醇、水杨酸甲酯、聚乙二醇400混合后在真空下进行低温搅拌,控制搅拌时的转速为250rpm,真空度为300Pa,温度为10℃,时间为45min,搅拌结束得到混合物;
其中,气凝胶改性后的初混物、芸香油、β-石竹烯、β-月桂烯、松油烯-4-醇、水杨酸甲酯、聚乙二醇400的重量比为65:5:5:3:8:12:2。
4.后处理:将混合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、改性粒子混合均匀后得到烟粉虱驱避剂;
其中,混合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、改性粒子的重量比为105:5:10;
所述改性粒子的制备方法为:将纳米沸石粉、壳聚糖、EDTA二钠、茶皂素混合后进行球磨,控制球磨时的球料比为12:1,转速为350rpm,温度为25℃,时间为50min,球磨结束得到改性粒子;
所述纳米沸石粉的粒径为500nm;
其中,纳米沸石粉、壳聚糖、EDTA二钠、茶皂素的重量比为35:8:3:5。
对比例1
采用实施例1所述的烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法,其不同之处在于:第1步制备初混物步骤中省略植物提取物的加入。
对比例2
采用实施例1所述的烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法,其不同之处在于:省略第2步气凝胶改性步骤,即将第1步制备初混物步骤中制备的初混物直接用于第3步复合步骤。
对比例3
采用实施例1所述的烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法,其不同之处在于:省略第4步后处理步骤,即将第3步复合步骤中制备的混合物直接作为烟粉虱驱避剂。
试验例1
对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的趋避效果进行测试,测试方法及效果如下:
准备12个100mL烧杯,编号1-12号烧杯,分别向1-12号烧杯中装入2g实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的烟粉虱驱避剂,对应关系如下:
Figure 512339DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
选取6个内径为1100×700×750mm的纸箱,编号1-6号纸箱,分别在1-6号纸箱底部对角的两端各放入烤烟叶片100g,并在每端烤烟叶片中部放入装有烟粉虱驱避剂的烧杯,纸箱与烧杯对应关系如下:
Figure 272091DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
然后每个纸箱投放烟粉虱成虫100头,并使用平板玻璃将纸箱盖紧,防止烟粉虱成虫逃逸;
在投放烟粉虱成虫后,等待24h,然后统计1-6号纸箱内剩余烟粉虱的数量,对驱避率计算后作为第1次驱避率,驱避率的计算公式如下:
驱避率=(100-剩余烟粉虱的数量)/100*100%
统计并计算完成后,对每个纸箱的烟粉虱进行清理,并重新更换烤烟叶片,不更换烧杯里烟粉虱驱避剂。重新在每个纸箱投放烟粉虱成虫100头,并盖紧,24h后计算第2次趋避率;
重复上述操作100次,每次都是只对每个纸箱的烟粉虱进行清理,重新更换烤烟叶片,不更换烧杯里烟粉虱驱避剂,并计算每次的驱避率;
第1次驱避率、第20次驱避率、第40次驱避率、第60次驱避率、第80次驱避率、第100次驱避率的计算结果如下:
Figure 737708DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
试验例2
试验在山东省潍坊市寿光市的某菜地进行,将菜地平均为7份,编号1-7号菜地,每份菜地为100m2,对每份菜地之间进行隔离,并保证每份菜地的水肥管理完全相同,然后分别将实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的烟粉虱驱避剂用于1-6号菜地,种植番茄,番茄品种为喜来德1号,菜地与烟粉虱驱避剂的对应关系如下:
Figure 262230DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
7号菜地作为空白对照,不使用任何烟粉虱驱避剂。
将500g烟粉虱驱避剂装在塑料瓶内,然后将塑料瓶放在烟粉虱驱避剂扩散装置中,在1-6号菜地的中心位置放置扩散装置,然后启动扩散装置的电源,等待24h后,按照五点抽样法,于1-6号菜地中抽取5株番茄植株,检查每株番茄植株叶片上的烟粉虱数量,并分别计算1-6号菜地中每株番茄植株叶片上的平均烟粉虱数量,作为处理区平均烟粉虱数量;同时也检查并计算7号菜地中每株番茄植株叶片上的平均烟粉虱数量,作为空白对照区平均烟粉虱数量;然后分别计算1-6号菜地中的烟粉虱驱避率,计算公式及计算结果如下:
菜地中的烟粉虱驱避率=(空白对照区平均烟粉虱数量-处理区平均烟粉虱数量)/空白对照区平均烟粉虱数量*100%
Figure 282139DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
待放置烟粉虱驱避剂30d后,按照五点抽样法,于1-6号菜地中抽取5株番茄植株,检查每株番茄植株叶片上的烟粉虱卵数量,并分别计算1-6号菜地中每株番茄植株叶片上的平均烟粉虱卵数量,作为处理区平均烟粉虱卵数量;同时也检查并计算7号菜地中每株番茄植株叶片上的平均烟粉虱卵数量,作为空白对照区平均烟粉虱卵数量;然后分别计算1-6号菜地中的烟粉虱的产卵抑制率,计算公式及计算结果如下:
菜地中的烟粉虱的产卵抑制率=(空白对照区平均烟粉虱卵数量-处理区平均烟粉虱卵数量)/空白对照区平均烟粉虱卵数量*100%
Figure 550309DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
同时,待1-7号菜地中的番茄成熟后,统计1-7号菜地的番茄产量,统计结果如下:
Figure 604853DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
除非另有说明,本发明中所采用的百分数均为质量百分数。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法由以下步骤组成:制备初混物、气凝胶改性、复合、后处理;
所述制备初混物的方法为,将植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯混合均匀后进行真空冷冻干燥,控制真空冷冻干燥的真空度为30-50Pa,温度为-45℃至-40℃,时间为1-1.5h,真空冷冻干燥结束后得到初混物;
所述制备初混物中,植物提取物、纳米沸石粉、百里香酚、乙酰基吡嗪、乙酸苄酯的重量比为18-20:4-6:25-27:10-12:5-8;
所述植物提取物的制备方法为:将新鲜大蒜、旱金莲、金盏花、鼠尾草叶片分别清洗后置于50-55℃烘干,然后分别使用粉碎机粉碎至80-100目,得到大蒜粉、旱金莲粉、金盏花粉、鼠尾草叶粉,然后将大蒜粉、旱金莲粉、金盏花粉、鼠尾草叶粉以重量比为12-15:15-18:20-22:7-10混合均匀后得到混合粉,将混合粉、普鲁兰多糖、甲酸、质量分数为3-5%的次氯酸水溶液按照重量比为35-40:4-6:2-3:45-50混合均匀进行射频辅助提取,控制射频辅助提取中的工作频率为27-30MHz,射频处理器的极板间距为120-140mm,功率为6-7kW,温度为50-55℃,时间为18-20min,射频辅助提取结束得到初级提取液,对初级提取液进行高频电磁震荡处理,控制高频电磁震荡处理的频率为8-10MHz,最大电流密度为15-18A/cm2,时间为5-7min,高频电磁震荡处理结束得到提取液,对提取液进行真空喷雾干燥,控制真空喷雾干燥中的真空度为0.02-0.03MPa,进料量为1200-1400mL/h,雾化压力为0.5-0.6MPa,进风温度为110-120℃,出风温度为60-70℃,真空喷雾干燥结束得到植物提取物;
所述气凝胶改性的方法为,将初混物、木质素磺酸钠、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末混合均匀后使用60Co-γ辐射源进行电离辐照处理,控制电离辐照处理中的吸收剂量率为600-800Gy/min,温度为20-25℃,时间为40-50min,电离辐照处理结束得到气凝胶改性后的初混物;
所述气凝胶改性中,初混物、木质素磺酸钠、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的重量比为50-55:5-7:3-6;
所述气凝胶改性中,二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的粒径为300-400µm;
所述复合的方法为,将气凝胶改性后的初混物、芸香油、β-石竹烯、β-月桂烯、松油烯-4-醇、水杨酸甲酯、聚乙二醇400混合后在真空下进行低温搅拌,控制搅拌时的转速为200-250rpm,真空度为200-300Pa,温度为5-10℃,时间为40-45min,搅拌结束得到混合物;
所述复合中,气凝胶改性后的初混物、芸香油、β-石竹烯、β-月桂烯、松油烯-4-醇、水杨酸甲酯、聚乙二醇400的重量比为60-65:3-5:2-5:1-3:5-8:10-12:1-2;
所述后处理的方法为,将混合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、改性粒子混合均匀后得到烟粉虱驱避剂;
所述后处理中,混合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、改性粒子的重量比为100-105:2-5:7-10;
所述改性粒子的制备方法为:将纳米沸石粉、壳聚糖、EDTA二钠、茶皂素混合后进行球磨,控制球磨时的球料比为10-12:1,转速为300-350rpm,温度为20-25℃,时间为45-50min,球磨结束得到改性粒子;
所述改性粒子的制备中,纳米沸石粉的粒径为300-500nm;
所述改性粒子的制备中,纳米沸石粉、壳聚糖、EDTA二钠、茶皂素的重量比为30-35:5-8:1-3:2-5。
2.一种烟粉虱驱避剂,其特征在于,采用权利要求1所述的烟粉虱驱避剂的制备方法制得。
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