CN114739435A - Multichannel optical fiber sensing structure - Google Patents
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- CN114739435A CN114739435A CN202110016573.3A CN202110016573A CN114739435A CN 114739435 A CN114739435 A CN 114739435A CN 202110016573 A CN202110016573 A CN 202110016573A CN 114739435 A CN114739435 A CN 114739435A
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- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
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Abstract
The application discloses multichannel optical fiber sensing structure belongs to optical fiber sensing technical field. The multichannel optical fiber sensing structure comprises a laser, a pulse light conversion module, an optical switch module, a plurality of optical circulators, a plurality of channels of sensing optical fibers and an optical signal processing module. The embodiment of the application provides a multichannel optical fiber sensing structure, multichannel sensing optical fiber respectively with the laser of the same kind, pulse light conversion module is in same light path, and multichannel sensing optical fiber respectively with a plurality of optical circulators, light signal processing module is in same light path, through laser and pulse light conversion module, pulse light signal can be exported many times, utilize optical switch module to carry out sensing optical fiber's switching to multichannel sensing optical fiber, the pulse light signal that makes the output transmits in proper order in multichannel sensing optical fiber, can realize multichannel sensing optical fiber's sensing in proper order, thereby realize measuring in proper order multichannel sensing optical fiber's physical parameter.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a multichannel optical fiber sensing structure.
Background
In recent years, sensing technology is developed towards sensitivity, accuracy and adaptability, wherein the sensing optical fiber is more and more widely applied. The sensing optical fiber has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, radiation resistance, high sensitivity, light weight, insulation, explosion resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and has good optical transmission performance. Through the sensing optical fiber, the measurement work under the complex environment can be realized, such as the measurement of physical parameters of optical fiber attenuation, vibration, stress, temperature, speed and the like.
At present, when a physical parameter is measured based on a sensing optical fiber, an optical fiber sensing structure adopted by the optical fiber sensing structure comprises a laser, a pulse light conversion module, a single-path sensing optical fiber and an optical signal processing module, when the physical parameter is measured, an optical signal is emitted through the laser, the optical signal passes through the pulse light conversion module, outputs the pulse light signal, then is input into the sensing optical fiber, the optical signal is reflected or scattered in the sensing optical fiber, and outputs reflected light or scattered light, and the optical signal processing module measures the physical parameter of the reflected light or the scattered light.
However, the optical fiber sensing structure adopted in the above includes only a single sensing optical fiber, and can only realize sensing of one optical fiber channel.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a multichannel optical fiber sensing structure, which can realize sequential sensing of multiple paths of sensing optical fibers, thereby realizing sequential measurement of physical parameters of the multiple paths of sensing optical fibers. The technical scheme is as follows:
on one hand, the multichannel optical fiber sensing structure is provided, and comprises a laser, a pulse light conversion module, an optical switch module, a plurality of optical circulators, a plurality of sensing optical fibers and an optical signal processing module, wherein,
the laser, the pulse light conversion module, the optical switch module, the plurality of optical circulators and the multi-path sensing optical fiber are sequentially positioned on the same optical path, and the multi-path sensing optical fiber, the plurality of optical circulators and the optical signal processing module are sequentially positioned on the same optical path;
the laser is used for emitting continuous optical signals, and the pulse light conversion module is used for converting the continuous optical signals emitted by the laser into pulse optical signals;
the optical switch module is used for sequentially switching a corresponding path of sensing optical fiber and transmitting the pulse optical signal to the corresponding path of sensing optical fiber;
the plurality of optical circulators are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of sensing optical fibers, and are used for transmitting pulse optical signals output by the optical switch module to the corresponding sensing optical fibers;
the plurality of optical circulators are also used for receiving scattered light signals obtained after the pulsed light signals are scattered in the corresponding sensing optical fibers and transmitting the scattered light signals to the optical signal processing module;
the optical signal processing module is used for carrying out optical signal analysis on the scattered light signals and outputting physical parameters of the scattered light signals.
In a possible implementation manner, the optical switch module is configured to switch a next sensing optical fiber when a switching interval duration of any one sensing optical fiber is greater than a target interval duration.
In a possible implementation manner, the optical switch module is further configured to determine the target interval duration based on the fiber length of any one of the sensing fibers and the following formula;
in the formula, tminIs the target interval duration, LAThe length of any sensing optical fiber connected with the optical switch module is n, the refractive index of the optical fiber is n, and the speed of light in vacuum is c.
In a possible implementation manner, the pulsed light conversion module is configured to convert a continuous light signal emitted by the laser into a pulsed light signal based on a target sampling frequency.
In a possible implementation manner, the optical switch module is further configured to use the target sampling frequency as a switching frequency of the multiple sensing optical fibers, and sequentially switch the corresponding sensing optical fibers based on the switching frequency.
In a possible implementation manner, the multichannel optical fiber sensing structure further includes a pulse light control module, and the pulse light control module is electrically connected with the pulse light conversion module;
the pulse light control module is used for determining the target sampling frequency based on the sensing optical fibers with the longest optical fiber length in the multiple sensing optical fibers, the number of the multiple sensing optical fibers and the following formula;
in the formula (f)maxFor the target sampling frequency, LmaxThe optical fiber is the sensing optical fiber with the longest optical fiber length in the multi-path sensing optical fibers, N is the number of the multi-path sensing optical fibers, N is the refractive index of the optical fibers, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
In a possible implementation manner, the multiple sensing optical fibers include a first sensing optical fiber, a second sensing optical fiber and a third sensing optical fiber, and the optical signal processing module includes a first optical signal processing sub-module, a second optical signal processing sub-module and a third optical signal processing sub-module;
the first sensing optical fiber is connected with the first optical signal processing submodule, and the first optical signal processing submodule is used for receiving the scattered optical signal transmitted by the first sensing optical fiber, carrying out optical signal analysis on the scattered optical signal transmitted by the first sensing optical fiber and outputting a physical parameter corresponding to the first sensing optical fiber;
the second sensing optical fiber is connected with the second optical signal processing sub-module, and the second optical signal processing sub-module is used for receiving the scattered optical signals transmitted by the second sensing optical fiber, performing optical signal analysis on the scattered optical signals transmitted by the second sensing optical fiber, and outputting physical parameters corresponding to the second sensing optical fiber;
the third sensing optical fiber is connected with the third optical signal processing sub-module, and the third optical signal processing sub-module is used for receiving the scattered optical signals transmitted by the third sensing optical fiber, performing optical signal analysis on the scattered optical signals transmitted by the third sensing optical fiber, and outputting physical parameters corresponding to the third sensing optical fiber.
In one possible implementation, the plurality of optical circulators includes a first optical circulator, a second optical circulator, and a third optical circulator;
the first optical circulator is arranged between the first sensing optical fiber and the first optical signal processing sub-module, and is used for receiving a scattered light signal obtained after the pulsed optical signal is scattered in the first sensing optical fiber and transmitting the scattered light signal to the first optical signal processing sub-module;
the second optical circulator is arranged between the second sensing optical fiber and the second optical signal processing sub-module, and is used for receiving a scattered light signal obtained after the pulsed optical signal is scattered in the second sensing optical fiber and transmitting the scattered light signal to the second optical signal processing sub-module;
the third optical circulator is arranged between the third sensing optical fiber and the third optical signal processing sub-module, and is used for receiving a scattered light signal obtained after the pulsed optical signal is scattered in the third sensing optical fiber and transmitting the scattered light signal to the third optical signal processing sub-module.
In one possible implementation, the multi-channel fiber sensing structure further comprises at least one of a first amplification module and a second amplification module, wherein,
the first amplification module is arranged between the pulse light conversion module and the optical switch module, and is used for performing optical signal amplification processing on the pulse light signals output by the pulse light conversion module and transmitting the amplified pulse light signals to the optical switch module;
the second amplification module is arranged between the optical switch module and any one of the multiple sensing optical fibers, and the second amplification module is used for amplifying the pulse optical signals output by the optical switch module and transmitting the amplified pulse optical signals to any one of the multiple sensing optical fibers.
In a possible implementation manner, the laser, the pulse light conversion module, the optical switch module, the optical circulator and the optical signal processing module are connected by an optical fiber.
The embodiment of the application provides a multichannel optical fiber sensing structure, multichannel sensing optical fiber respectively with the laser of the same kind, pulse light conversion module is in same light path, and multichannel sensing optical fiber respectively with a plurality of optical circulators, light signal processing module is in same light path, through laser and pulse light conversion module, pulse light signal can be exported many times, utilize optical switch module to carry out sensing optical fiber's switching to multichannel sensing optical fiber, the pulse light signal that makes the output transmits in proper order in multichannel sensing optical fiber, can realize multichannel sensing optical fiber's sensing in proper order, thereby realize measuring in proper order multichannel sensing optical fiber's physical parameter.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel optical fiber sensing structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the figures
1: laser, 2: pulsed light conversion module, 3: optical switch module, 4: multiple optical circulators, 401: first optical circulator, 402: second optical circulator, 403: third optical circulator, 5: multichannel sensing fiber, 501: first sensing fiber, 502: second sensing fiber, 503: third sensing fiber, 6: optical signal processing module, 601: first optical signal processing sub-module, 602: second optical signal processing sub-module, 603: third optical signal processing sub-module, 7: pulsed light control module, 8: first amplification module, 9: second amplification module, 901: first amplification submodule, 902: second amplification submodule, 903: and a third amplification submodule.
With the above figures, there are shown specific embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concepts in any manner, but rather to illustrate the inventive concepts to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples consistent with certain aspects of the application, as detailed in the appended claims.
The embodiment of the application provides a multichannel optical fiber sensing structure, which comprises a laser 1, a pulse light conversion module 2, an optical switch module 3, a plurality of optical circulators 4, a plurality of optical sensing fibers 5 and an optical signal processing module 6, wherein the laser 1, the pulse light conversion module 2, the optical switch module 3, the plurality of optical circulators 4 and the plurality of optical sensing fibers 5 are sequentially positioned on the same optical path, and the plurality of optical sensing fibers 5, the plurality of optical circulators 4 and the optical signal processing module 6 are sequentially positioned on the same optical path; the laser 1 is used for emitting continuous optical signals, and the pulse light conversion module 2 is used for converting the continuous optical signals emitted by the laser 1 into pulse light signals; the optical switch module 3 is used for sequentially switching a corresponding path of sensing optical fiber and transmitting a pulse optical signal to a corresponding path of sensing optical fiber; the plurality of optical circulators 4 correspond to the plurality of sensing optical fibers 5 one by one, and the plurality of optical circulators 4 are used for transmitting the pulse optical signals output by the optical switch module 3 to the corresponding sensing optical fibers; the plurality of optical circulators 4 are further configured to receive scattered light signals obtained after the pulsed light signals are scattered in the corresponding sensing optical fibers, and transmit the scattered light signals to the optical signal processing module 6; the optical signal processing module 6 is used for performing optical signal analysis on the scattered light signals and outputting physical parameters of the scattered light signals.
The laser 1 is a device capable of emitting laser light. Optionally, the laser 1 is a continuous light laser. In the embodiment of the application, the laser 1 is used as the light source, and the light emitted by the laser 1 has pure quality and stable spectrum, so that the stability and reliability of light signal transmission can be improved, and the transmission and analysis of subsequent light signals are more convenient.
The pulse light conversion module 2 is a device capable of modulating an optical signal into a pulse signal. In the embodiment of the application, the optical signal is modulated into the pulse signal through the pulse optical conversion module 2, so that the remote transmission and the measurement of physical parameters are facilitated.
The optical switch module 3 is an optical device having one or more selectable transmission ports, and is specifically configured to perform physical switching or logical operation on multiple sensing optical fibers 5, so as to sequentially switch a corresponding sensing optical fiber. Optionally, the optical switch module 3 is a high-speed optical switch. In the embodiment of the application, through setting up photoswitch module 3, communicate with multichannel sensing optical fiber 5 in proper order, transmit input light switch module 3's pulse optical signal in proper order to the sensing optical fiber of the same kind that communicates again, and then can realize multichannel sensing optical fiber 5's sensing in proper order to realize multichannel sensing optical fiber 5's measurement in proper order.
The optical circulator 4 is a multi-port non-reciprocal optical device. It should be noted that when a pulsed optical signal is input from any one port of the optical circulator 4, the pulsed optical signal can be output from the next port of the current port with a small loss, and since the loss of the current port to other ports is large, the current port and other ports form a non-communicating port, so that the pulsed optical signal is not output from other ports. For example, if the optical circulator 4 has 4 ports, port 1, port 2, port 3, and port 4, respectively, when a pulsed optical signal is input from port 1, the pulsed optical signal can be output from port 2 with little loss, while port 3 and port 4 do not output the pulsed optical signal. In implementation, for any one of the optical circulators 4, a pulsed optical signal enters a corresponding sensing fiber through one port of the circulator 4, and when the sensing fiber returns a scattered optical signal, the scattered optical signal is output through the next port of the current port in the optical circulator 4 and then enters the optical signal processing module 6, so as to perform a subsequent optical signal analysis process.
The multi-path sensing fiber 5 is the sensing fiber to be measured. In the embodiment of the application, the multiple sensing fibers 5 are all located on the same optical path with the light emitting part (namely, the laser 1 and the pulse light conversion module 2), so that the multiple sensing fibers 5 share one light emitting part, and further, the multiple sensing fibers 5 can sequentially measure light signals through one light emitting part, and each sensing fiber is not required to be provided with one light emitting part, so that the system cost is greatly reduced.
It should be noted that, when the sensing optical fiber transmits an optical signal, rayleigh scattering of light occurs due to a change in refractive index in the sensing optical fiber, and in the optical signal transmission process, the sensing optical fiber returns back scattered light, and then, according to physical property information provided by the back scattered light, subsequent optical signal analysis and physical parameter measurement processes are performed to complete measurement of physical parameters in the environment. Here, scattering refers to a phenomenon in which, when an optical signal passes through an inhomogeneous medium, part of the optical signal deviates from the original direction and propagates dispersedly. Rayleigh scattering belongs to a case of scattering, also called "molecular scattering", which is a phenomenon called rayleigh scattering when the intensity of a scattered light signal in each direction is proportional to the fourth power of the frequency of an incident light signal. For the detector, receiver or optical signal processing module 6, the direction observed is the direction of incidence, and thus the scattering in this direction of the sensor fiber return scattered optical signal is called backscattering. The physical property information may be information that changes with time or space along the sensing optical fiber, such as temperature, stress, speed, and the like, and accordingly, the physical parameter may be temperature, stress, speed, and the like. The measured physical parameters are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
The optical signal processing module 6 comprises a receiving submodule and a processing submodule, wherein the receiving submodule is used for receiving the scattered light signals returned by the multi-path sensing optical fiber 5, and the processing submodule is used for carrying out optical signal analysis on the scattered light signals and outputting physical parameters of the scattered light signals. For example, for backward scattering rayleigh light, for example, a pulsed light signal enters a corresponding sensing optical fiber through one port of the circulator 4, the backward scattering rayleigh light of the sensing optical fiber is output through the next port of the current port in the optical circulator 4, enters the receiving sub-module of the optical signal processing module 6, and then the processing sub-module of the optical signal processing module 6 performs optical signal analysis on the backward scattering rayleigh light to output corresponding physical parameters.
It should be noted that, when the sensing optical fiber is used to measure the physical parameter, the basic principle is as follows: in the process of transmitting an optical signal by the sensing optical fiber, the physical parameters in the environment where the sensing optical fiber is located are changed, so that the optical parameters (such as the intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, polarization state, and the like) of the optical signal are changed due to the effect of the environmental factors, and then the optical signal is sent to the optical signal processing module 6 through the sensing optical fiber, and the optical signal processing module 6 performs optical signal analysis according to the optical parameters of the received optical signal, so as to determine the physical parameters causing optical change in the transmission process.
In implementation, the laser 1 emits a continuous optical signal, the continuous optical signal is transmitted to the pulsed light conversion module 2, the pulsed light conversion module 2 converts the continuous optical signal emitted by the laser 1 into a pulsed optical signal, and transmits the pulsed optical signal to the optical switch module 3, at this time, the optical switch module 3 is switched to a corresponding path of sensing fiber, the optical switch module 3, a corresponding path of sensing fiber and the optical circulator 4 arranged on the path of sensing fiber are communicated, so that the pulsed optical signal is input to the optical circulator 4 on the path of sensing fiber through the optical switch module 3, and is input to the path of sensing fiber from one port of the optical circulator 4 to be scattered, the path of sensing fiber returns a scattered optical signal, the scattered optical signal is output from a port below a current port in the optical circulator 4 and is received by the optical signal processing module 6, and the optical signal processing module 6 performs optical signal analysis on the scattered optical signal, and outputting the corresponding physical parameters. The embodiment of the application provides a multichannel optical fiber sensing structure, multichannel sensing optical fiber 5 respectively with laser 1 all the way, pulse light conversion module 2 is in same light path, and multichannel sensing optical fiber 5 respectively with a plurality of optical circulator 4, optical signal processing module 6 is in same light path, through laser 1 and pulse light conversion module 2, can output pulse optical signal many times, utilize optical switch module 3 to carry out the switching of sensing optical fiber to multichannel sensing optical fiber 5, make the pulse optical signal of output transmit in multichannel sensing optical fiber 5 in proper order, can realize multichannel sensing optical fiber 5's sensing in proper order, thereby realize measuring in proper order multichannel sensing optical fiber 5's physical parameter.
In a possible implementation manner, the optical switch module 3 is configured to switch the next sensing fiber when the switching interval duration of any one sensing fiber is greater than the target interval duration.
The switching interval duration refers to an interval duration between a time point of switching to any one sensing optical fiber and a time point of switching to the next sensing optical fiber, that is, an interval duration between a time point of injecting a pulse light signal into any one sensing optical fiber and a time point of injecting a pulse light signal into the next sensing optical fiber. It should be understood that, during the time period corresponding to the duration of the switching interval, the any sensing optical fiber is in a communication state with the optical switch module 3. The target interval duration refers to the shortest time interval for which any one sensing optical fiber is in a communication state with the optical switch module 3. In this embodiment of the application, when the optical switch module 3 injects the pulse optical signal into the sensing optical fiber to be detected, the target interval duration is related to the optical fiber length of the sensing optical fiber to be detected.
In implementation, the optical switch module 3 sequentially switches the optical fiber channels according to a target sequence, before each path of sensing optical fiber to be detected is switched, determines a target interval duration of the current corresponding sensing optical fiber according to the optical fiber length of the current corresponding sensing optical fiber, determines the switching interval duration and the target interval duration of the current corresponding sensing optical fiber, determines whether the switching interval duration of the current corresponding sensing optical fiber is greater than the target interval duration, switches the next path of sensing optical fiber if the switching interval duration of the current corresponding sensing optical fiber is greater than the target interval duration, and waits until the switching interval duration of the current corresponding sensing optical fiber is greater than the target interval duration if the switching interval duration of the current corresponding sensing optical fiber is less than or equal to the target interval duration. Wherein, the target sequence is a preset fixed sequence.
In the structure, the switching interval duration and the target interval duration are judged through the optical switch module 3, so that the injection time of the pulse optical signals is controlled, the pulse optical signals transmitted by the previous path of sensing optical fiber are ensured, when reaching the tail end of the sensing optical fiber, sufficient time can be provided for returning to the optical signal processing module 6, and the occurrence of the optical aliasing phenomenon is avoided.
Optionally, the optical switch module 3 is further configured to determine a target interval duration based on the optical fiber length of any one sensing optical fiber and the following formula;
in the formula, tminIs a target interval duration, LAThe length of any sensing fiber connected with the optical switch module 3 is n, the refractive index of the fiber is n, and the speed of light in vacuum is c. In the embodiment of the application, the frequency of the pulsed light signal injected into the sensing fiber can be controlled by setting the shortest time interval, so that the pulsed light signal reaches the scattered light signal at the tail of the sensing fiber, and sufficient time is provided for returning to the optical signal processing module 6 through the optical circulator 4.
In one possible implementation, the pulsed light conversion module 2 is configured to convert the continuous light signal emitted by the laser 1 into a pulsed light signal based on a target sampling frequency.
Wherein, the target sampling frequency refers to the pulse maximum repetition frequency. It should be noted that, because the multichannel sensing optical fiber 5 is disposed in the multichannel optical fiber sensing structure, the target sampling frequency of any one of the multichannel sensing optical fibers is determined by the sensing optical fiber with the longest optical fiber length in the multichannel sensing optical fiber 5.
In a possible implementation manner, the optical switch module 3 is further configured to use the target sampling frequency as a switching frequency of the multiple sensing optical fibers 5, and sequentially switch the corresponding sensing optical fibers based on the switching frequency. In this implementation, the switching frequency of the optical switch module 3 is consistent with the sampling frequency of the pulse light conversion module 2, and then when each pulse light signal is determined, one path of corresponding sensing optical fiber is switched, so that the utilization rate of the pulse light signal is improved, and the multiple paths of sensing optical fibers 5 are convenient to switch in sequence.
Optionally, the multi-channel optical fiber sensing structure further includes a pulse light control module 7, the pulse light control module 7 is electrically connected to the pulse light conversion module 2, and the pulse light control module 7 is configured to determine a target sampling frequency based on the sensing optical fiber with the longest optical fiber length in the multiple sensing optical fibers 5, the number of the multiple sensing optical fibers 5, and the following formula;
in the formula (f)maxIs a target sampling frequency, LmaxThe length of the sensing optical fiber is the longest in the multiple sensing optical fibers 5, N is the number of the multiple sensing optical fibers 5, N is the refractive index of the optical fiber, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The pulse light control module 7 is configured to determine a target sampling frequency of the pulse light signal, and transmit the determined target sampling frequency to the pulse light conversion module 2. Optionally, if any one of the sensing optical fibers in the multiple sensing optical fibers 5 is replaced, the pulse light control module 7 updates the sensing optical fiber with the longest optical fiber length in the current multiple sensing optical fibers 5, determines a target sampling frequency according to the sensing optical fiber with the longest optical fiber length, and sends the target sampling frequency to the pulse light conversion module 2, so that the pulse light conversion module 2 performs sampling of the pulse light signal based on the target sampling frequency.
In a possible implementation manner, the multi-path sensing optical fiber 5 includes a first sensing optical fiber 501, a second sensing optical fiber 502, and a third sensing optical fiber 503, and the optical signal processing module 6 includes a first optical signal processing sub-module 601, a second optical signal processing sub-module 602, and a third optical signal processing sub-module 603, where the first sensing optical fiber 501 is connected to the first optical signal processing sub-module 601, the first optical signal processing sub-module 601 is configured to receive a scattered optical signal transmitted by the first sensing optical fiber 501, perform optical signal analysis on the scattered optical signal transmitted by the first sensing optical fiber 501, and output a physical parameter corresponding to the first sensing optical fiber 501; the second sensing optical fiber 502 is connected to a second optical signal processing sub-module 602, and the second optical signal processing sub-module 602 is configured to receive the scattered optical signal transmitted by the second sensing optical fiber 502, perform optical signal analysis on the scattered optical signal transmitted by the second sensing optical fiber 502, and output a physical parameter corresponding to the second sensing optical fiber 502; the third sensing optical fiber 503 is connected to a third optical signal processing sub-module 603, and the third optical signal processing sub-module 603 is configured to receive the scattered optical signal transmitted by the third sensing optical fiber 503, perform optical signal analysis on the scattered optical signal transmitted by the third sensing optical fiber 503, and output a physical parameter corresponding to the third sensing optical fiber 503.
In this structure, through setting up a plurality of optical signal processing submodule pieces, make a plurality of optical signal processing submodule pieces and multichannel sensing optical fiber 5 one-to-one for when inputing the pulse optical signal each time, all there is the optical signal processing submodule piece that corresponds to carry out optical signal analysis, further realized multichannel sensing optical fiber 5 measure in proper order.
In a possible implementation manner, the plurality of optical circulators 4 include a first optical circulator 401, a second optical circulator 402, and a third optical circulator 403, where the first optical circulator 401 is disposed between the first sensing optical fiber 501 and the first optical signal processing sub-module 601, and the first optical circulator 401 is configured to receive a scattered light signal obtained after the pulsed light signal is scattered in the first sensing optical fiber 501, and transmit the scattered light signal to the first optical signal processing sub-module 601; the second optical circulator 402 is disposed between the second sensing fiber 502 and the second optical signal processing sub-module 602, and the second optical circulator 402 is configured to receive a scattered light signal obtained after the pulsed light signal is scattered in the second sensing fiber 502, and transmit the scattered light signal to the second optical signal processing sub-module 602; the third optical circulator 403 is disposed between the third sensing fiber 503 and the third optical signal processing sub-module 603, and the third optical circulator 403 is configured to receive a scattered light signal obtained after the pulsed light signal is scattered in the third sensing fiber 503, and transmit the scattered light signal to the third optical signal processing sub-module 603.
In this structure, through setting up a plurality of optical circulator 4, make a plurality of optical circulator 4 and multichannel sensing fiber 5 one-to-one for when inputing pulsed light signal each time, all there is corresponding optical circulator 4 to carry out the input of pulsed light signal and the output of scattered light signal, realized multichannel sensing fiber 5's sensing in proper order, thereby realized multichannel sensing fiber 5's measurement in proper order.
In a possible implementation manner, the multichannel optical fiber sensing structure further includes at least one of a first amplification module 8 and a second amplification module 9, where the first amplification module 8 is disposed between the pulse light conversion module 2 and the optical switch module 3, and the first amplification module 8 is configured to perform optical signal amplification processing on a pulse light signal output by the pulse light conversion module 2, and transmit the amplified pulse light signal to the optical switch module 3; the second amplification module 9 is disposed between the optical switch module 3 and any one of the sensing optical fibers in the multiple sensing optical fibers 5, and the second amplification module 9 is configured to amplify the pulse optical signals output by the optical switch module 3 and transmit the amplified pulse optical signals to any one of the sensing optical fibers.
The first amplification module 8 is disposed at the front end of the optical switch module 3, and the second amplification module 9 is disposed at the rear end of the optical switch module 3. It should be noted that, because the power of the pulsed light signal converted from the continuous light signal is low, it needs to be amplified by the amplifying module to ensure long-distance transmission of the pulsed light signal.
Alternatively, the multi-channel fiber sensing structure may be provided with only the first amplification module 8, or only the second amplification module 9, or both the first amplification module 8 and the second amplification module 9. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the arrangement manner of the amplifying module.
Optionally, the first amplifying module 8 is an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) or a Raman Fiber Amplifier (RFA). Optionally, the second amplification module 9 is an erbium doped fiber amplifier or a raman fiber amplifier. Accordingly, the amplification modes of the first amplification module 8 and the second amplification module 9 can be erbium-doped fiber amplification or raman amplification. The erbium-doped fiber amplifier is a special fiber, and amplifies an optical signal in a target wavelength range by injecting a erbium (Er) element into a fiber core. The target wavelength range refers to the operating wavelength range of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and may be 1528 and 1563nm, for example. The raman fiber amplifier can amplify optical signals of any wavelength.
Optionally, the second amplification module 9 includes a first amplification submodule 901, a second amplification submodule 902 and a third amplification submodule 903, the first amplification submodule 901 is disposed on the first sensing optical fiber 501, the first amplification submodule 901 is located at the rear end of the optical switch module 3, and the first amplification submodule 901 is configured to amplify a pulse optical signal input to the first sensing optical fiber 501; the second amplification submodule 902 is arranged on the second sensing optical fiber 502, the second amplification submodule 902 is located at the rear end of the optical switch module 3, and the second amplification submodule 902 is used for amplifying the pulse optical signal input into the second sensing optical fiber 502; the third amplification submodule 903 is disposed on the third sensing optical fiber 503, the third amplification submodule 903 is located at the rear end of the optical switch module 3, and the third amplification submodule 903 is configured to amplify a pulse optical signal input to the third sensing optical fiber 503.
In this structure, by providing the first amplification module 8 or the second amplification module 9, the sensing distance of the pulsed light signal can be extended, and it is ensured that the pulsed light signal can be transmitted to the end of the sensing optical fiber, and further the information capacity and the transmission distance that can be transmitted in the sensing optical fiber are ensured, so that optical fiber communication at a long distance, a large capacity, and a high rate becomes possible.
In a possible implementation manner, the laser 1, the pulsed light conversion module 2, the optical switch module 3, the optical circulator 4 and the optical signal processing module 6 are connected by optical fibers.
Specifically, the laser 1, the pulse light conversion module 2, the optical switch module 3, and the optical circulator 4 are sequentially connected by optical fibers, and further, if the first amplification module 8 is provided, the laser 1, the pulse light conversion module 2, the first amplification module 8, the optical switch module 3, and the optical circulator 4 are sequentially connected by optical fibers. The optical circulator 4 and the optical signal processing module 6 are correspondingly connected through optical fibers, that is, the first optical circulator 401 is in optical fiber connection with the first optical signal processing sub-module 601, the second optical circulator 402 is in optical fiber connection with the second optical signal processing sub-module 602, and the third optical circulator 403 is in optical fiber connection with the third optical signal processing sub-module 603.
In the multi-channel optical fiber sensing structure provided by the embodiment of the application, the multi-channel sensing optical fiber 5 is respectively positioned in the same optical path with one laser 1 and the pulse light conversion module 2, and the multi-path sensing optical fiber 5 is respectively positioned in the same optical path with the plurality of optical circulators 4 and the optical signal processing module 6, the laser 1 and the pulse light conversion module 2 can output pulse light signals for a plurality of times, the optical switch module 3 is used for switching the sensing optical fibers of the multi-path sensing optical fiber 5, the output pulse light signals are sequentially transmitted in the multi-path sensing optical fiber 5, the sequential sensing of the multi-path sensing optical fiber 5 can be realized, therefore, the physical parameters of the multiple sensing optical fibers 5 are measured in sequence, the multiple sensing optical fibers 5 share the laser 1 and the pulse light conversion module 2, a sensing optical path with multiple optical fibers gathered at one point is provided, and the system cost can be effectively reduced.
The working principle of the multichannel optical fiber sensing structure is described by taking the multichannel optical fiber sensing structure comprising a laser 1, a pulse light conversion module 2, an optical switch module 3, a plurality of optical circulators 4, a plurality of sensing optical fibers 5, an optical signal processing module 6, a pulse light control module 7, a first amplification module 8 and a second amplification module 9 as an example:
in some embodiments, the laser 1 emits a continuous light signal, the continuous light signal is transmitted to the pulse light conversion module 2, the pulse light conversion module 2 converts the continuous light signal emitted by the laser 1 into a pulse light signal, and transmits the pulse light signal to the first amplification module 8, and the first amplification module 8 amplifies the pulse light signal and transmits the amplified pulse light signal to the optical switch module 3. If the optical switch module 3 is switched to the first sensing fiber 501, the optical switch module 3, the first sensing fiber 501 and the first optical circulator 401 disposed on the first sensing fiber 501 are connected, the pulse optical signal is input to the first optical circulator 401 through the optical switch module 3, is input to the first light-transmitting optical fiber 501 from one port of the first optical circulator 401, is amplified again through the first amplification sub-module 901, and the pulsed light signal is scattered in the first sensing fiber 501, the first sensing fiber 501 transmits the scattered light signal to the first optical circulator 401, the scattered light signal is output from the port next to the current port in the first optical circulator 401, and is received by the first optical signal processing sub-module 601, further, the first optical signal processing sub-module 601 performs optical signal analysis on the scattered optical signal, and outputs a physical parameter corresponding to the first sensing optical fiber 501. In the above process, the optical switch module 3 records the transmission duration of the pulse optical signal in real time, that is, records the switching interval duration of the first sensing fiber 501, and calculates the target interval duration of the first sensing fiber 501 according to the fiber length of the first sensing fiber 501, and when the switching interval duration of the first sensing fiber 501 is greater than the target interval duration, the optical switch module 3 switches to the second sensing fiber 502, and then the optical switch module 3, the second sensing fiber 502 and the second optical circulator 402 disposed on the second sensing fiber 502 are connected, and then the process of transmitting and analyzing the second pulse optical signal is performed.
In the multi-channel optical fiber sensing structure provided by the embodiment of the application, the multi-channel sensing optical fiber 5 is respectively positioned in the same optical path with one path of laser 1 and the pulse light conversion module 2, and the multi-path sensing optical fiber 5 is respectively positioned in the same optical path with the plurality of optical circulators 4 and the optical signal processing module 6, the laser 1 and the pulse light conversion module 2 can output pulse light signals for a plurality of times, the optical switch module 3 is used for switching the sensing optical fibers of the multi-path sensing optical fiber 5, the output pulse light signals are sequentially transmitted in the multi-path sensing optical fiber 5, the sequential sensing of the multi-path sensing optical fiber 5 can be realized, therefore, the physical parameters of the multiple sensing optical fibers 5 are measured in sequence, the multiple sensing optical fibers 5 share the laser 1 and the pulse light conversion module 2, a sensing optical path with multiple optical fibers gathered at one point is provided, and the system cost can be effectively reduced.
All the above optional technical solutions may be combined arbitrarily to form optional embodiments of the present application, and are not described herein again.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-channel optical fiber sensing structure is characterized by comprising a laser (1), a pulse light conversion module (2), an optical switch module (3), a plurality of optical circulators (4), a plurality of sensing optical fibers (5) and an optical signal processing module (6),
the laser (1), the pulse light conversion module (2), the optical switch module (3), the multiple optical circulators (4) and the multiple sensing optical fibers (5) are sequentially located on the same optical path, and the multiple sensing optical fibers (5), the multiple optical circulators (4) and the optical signal processing module (6) are sequentially located on the same optical path;
the laser (1) is used for emitting continuous optical signals, and the pulse light conversion module (2) is used for converting the continuous optical signals emitted by the laser (1) into pulse light signals;
the optical switch module (3) is used for sequentially switching a corresponding path of sensing optical fiber and transmitting the pulse optical signal to the corresponding path of sensing optical fiber;
the plurality of optical circulators (4) correspond to the plurality of sensing optical fibers (5) one by one, and the plurality of optical circulators (4) are used for transmitting pulse optical signals output by the optical switch module (3) to the corresponding sensing optical fibers;
the plurality of optical circulators (4) are also used for receiving scattered light signals obtained after the pulsed light signals are scattered in the corresponding sensing optical fibers and transmitting the scattered light signals to the optical signal processing module (6);
the optical signal processing module (6) is used for carrying out optical signal analysis on the scattered light signals and outputting physical parameters of the scattered light signals.
2. The multi-channel optical fiber sensing structure according to claim 1, wherein the optical switch module (3) is configured to switch the next sensing optical fiber when the switching interval duration of any of the sensing optical fibers is greater than the target interval duration.
3. The multi-channel fiber sensing architecture according to claim 2, wherein the optical switch module (3) is further configured to determine the target interval duration based on the fiber length of any of the sensing fibers and the following formula;
in the formula, tminIs the target interval duration, LAThe length of any sensing optical fiber connected with the optical switch module (3) is n, the refractive index of the optical fiber is n, and the speed of light in vacuum is c.
4. The multi-channel fiber sensing structure according to claim 1, wherein the pulsed light conversion module (2) is configured to convert the continuous light signal emitted by the laser (1) into a pulsed light signal based on a target sampling frequency.
5. The multi-channel optical fiber sensing structure according to claim 4, wherein the optical switch module (3) is further configured to use the target sampling frequency as a switching frequency of the multiple sensing optical fibers (5), and based on the switching frequency, sequentially switch the corresponding one of the sensing optical fibers.
6. The multi-channel optical fiber sensing structure according to claim 4, further comprising a pulse light control module (7), wherein the pulse light control module (7) is electrically connected with the pulse light conversion module (2);
the pulse light control module (7) is used for determining the target sampling frequency based on the sensing optical fiber with the longest optical fiber length in the multiple sensing optical fibers (5), the number of the multiple sensing optical fibers (5) and the following formula;
in the formula (f)maxFor the target sampling frequency, LmaxThe optical fiber is the sensing optical fiber with the longest optical fiber length in the multi-path sensing optical fibers (5), N is the number of the multi-path sensing optical fibers (5), N is the refractive index of the optical fibers, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
7. The multi-channel optical fiber sensing structure according to claim 1, wherein the multi-path sensing optical fiber (5) comprises a first sensing optical fiber (501), a second sensing optical fiber (502) and a third sensing optical fiber (503), and the optical signal processing module (6) comprises a first optical signal processing sub-module (601), a second optical signal processing sub-module (602) and a third optical signal processing sub-module (603);
the first sensing optical fiber (501) is connected with the first optical signal processing sub-module (601), and the first optical signal processing sub-module (601) is configured to receive a scattered light signal transmitted by the first sensing optical fiber (501), perform optical signal analysis on the scattered light signal transmitted by the first sensing optical fiber (501), and output a physical parameter corresponding to the first sensing optical fiber (501);
the second sensing optical fiber (502) is connected with the second optical signal processing sub-module (602), and the second optical signal processing sub-module (602) is configured to receive a scattered optical signal transmitted by the second sensing optical fiber (502), perform optical signal analysis on the scattered optical signal transmitted by the second sensing optical fiber (502), and output a physical parameter corresponding to the second sensing optical fiber (502);
the third sensing optical fiber (503) is connected to the third optical signal processing sub-module (603), and the third optical signal processing sub-module (603) is configured to receive the scattered optical signal transmitted by the third sensing optical fiber (503), perform optical signal analysis on the scattered optical signal transmitted by the third sensing optical fiber (503), and output a physical parameter corresponding to the third sensing optical fiber (503).
8. The multi-channel fiber sensing structure of claim 7, wherein the plurality of optical circulators (4) includes a first optical circulator (401), a second optical circulator (402), and a third optical circulator (403);
the first optical circulator (401) is arranged between the first sensing optical fiber (501) and the first optical signal processing sub-module (601), and the first optical circulator (401) is used for receiving a scattered light signal obtained after the pulsed optical signal is scattered in the first sensing optical fiber (501) and transmitting the scattered light signal to the first optical signal processing sub-module (601);
the second optical circulator (402) is arranged between the second sensing optical fiber (502) and the second optical signal processing sub-module (602), and the second optical circulator (402) is used for receiving a scattered light signal obtained after the pulsed optical signal is scattered in the second sensing optical fiber (502) and transmitting the scattered light signal to the second optical signal processing sub-module (602);
the third optical circulator (403) is disposed between the third sensing optical fiber (503) and the third optical signal processing sub-module (603), and the third optical circulator (403) is configured to receive a scattered light signal obtained after the pulsed light signal is scattered in the third sensing optical fiber (503), and transmit the scattered light signal to the third optical signal processing sub-module (603).
9. A multi-channel fiber sensing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-channel fiber sensing structure further comprises at least one of a first amplification module (8) and a second amplification module (9), wherein,
the first amplification module (8) is arranged between the pulse light conversion module (2) and the optical switch module (3), and the first amplification module (8) is used for performing optical signal amplification processing on the pulse light signal output by the pulse light conversion module (2) and transmitting the amplified pulse light signal to the optical switch module (3);
the setting of second amplifier module (9) is in optical switch module (3) with between the arbitrary way sensing optical fiber in multichannel sensing optical fiber (5), second amplifier module (9) are used for right the pulse optical signal of optical switch module (3) output carries out the light signal amplification and handles to and, with the pulse optical signal transmission after the amplification extremely any way sensing optical fiber.
10. The multi-channel optical fiber sensing structure according to claim 1, wherein the laser (1), the pulsed light conversion module (2), the optical switch module (3), the optical circulator (4) and the optical signal processing module (6) are connected by optical fibers.
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