CN102840929A - Long-distance Raman distributed temperature sensing system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a long-distance Raman distributed temperature sensing system which comprises an optical fiber pulse laser, an electrooptic modulator, a pump light source of 1480nm, wavelength division multiplexers, circulators, a signal processing and displaying module which are arranged at a front end of the system; the system is characterized by further comprising at least one stage of calibrating module, a sensing optical fiber and a relay amplifying module which are arranged at a rear end of the system and are connected with the wavelength division multiplexers at the front end of the system; the calibrating module, the sensing optical fiber and the relay amplifying module are connected in sequence; the relay amplifying module comprises a coupler, an Er-doped optical fiber amplifier, a first wavelength division multiplexer and a second wavelength division multiplexer are respectively provided with four channels, and a first circulator and a second circulator. The system has the beneficial effects that compared with a traditional Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system, the Raman distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system provided by the invention adds multiple stages of amplification, sensing distances are extended remarkably, and moreover, precision on temperature calibration is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, be specifically related to a kind of can carrying out multistage light amplification and utilizing Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG) the distributed fiber Raman temperature-sensing system of multistage Temperature Scaling of distance that grow.
Background technology
In recent years; Based on the distributed optical fiber Raman temperature sensor of spontaneous Raman scattering principle because can on-line real time monitoring optical fiber temperature on a large scale along the line; And with compare based on the distributed fiberoptic sensor of Brillouin scattering principle; It is low to have cost, the advantage of not strained cross interference, thereby be widely used in petroleum pipe line, power circuit, geology investigation distributed temperature monitoring field.
With compare based on the distributed fiberoptic sensor of Brillouin scattering principle; Traditional distributed fiberoptic sensor based on the Raman scattering principle is in a disadvantageous position on temperature accuracy and distance sensing; This is because following 2 restrictions: at first; Spontaneous Raman scattering is compared with stimulated Brillouin scattering with spontaneous brillouin scattering, and scattered light intensity is wanted weak 30 ~ 50dB; Secondly, Raman temperature sensor can't application distribution Raman amplifying technique, can only carry out pump light at the incident end of sensor fibre and amplify, and also will control luminous power simultaneously, makes it be lower than the Raman threshold value in order to avoid produce stimulated Raman scattering.Because the restriction of these factors makes that the distance of Raman distributed temperature sensor is very limited, can only be limited in the 30km, and temperature accuracy relatively poor (>=1 ℃), can not further satisfy wider more high-precision temperature and measure demand.
The factor that another one restriction set Chinese style Optical Amplification Technology is used in Raman distributed temperature sensor is: add after the light amplification; Scattered light in the optical fiber after the Temperature Scaling that the incident end of optical fiber carries out just is not suitable for light amplification, thus can't carry out temperature demodulation accurately to the Raman diffused light after amplifying.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is also to improve temperature measurement accuracy simultaneously, proposed a kind of Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of growing distance for the distance sensing that prolongs existing Raman distributed temperature-sensing system.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of growing distance; Comprise the fiber pulse laser, the electrooptic modulator that are positioned at system front end; 1480nm pump light source, wavelength division multiplexer, circulator and signal Processing and display module; It is characterized in that; Also comprise the calibration of one-level at least module, sensor fibre and the relaying amplification module that are positioned at the system rear end and are connected with the wavelength division multiplexer of system leading portion, said calibration module, sensor fibre and relaying amplification module are connected successively;
Above-mentioned relaying amplification module comprises a coupling mechanism, an Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), first wavelength division multiplexer of two four-ways and second wavelength division multiplexer, two first circulators and second circulator.
The syndeton of each parts is in the above-mentioned relaying amplification module: the input end of coupling mechanism is connected with the 1480nm output terminal of first wavelength division multiplexer; First output terminal of coupling mechanism is the pumping input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), and second output terminal of coupling mechanism is connected with the 1480nm input end of second wavelength division multiplexer; The 1550nm output terminal of first wavelength division multiplexer is connected with second end of first circulator; The 3rd end of first circulator is connected with the flashlight input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA); The output terminal of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is connected with first end of second circulator; Second end of second circulator is connected with the 1550nm of second wavelength division multiplexer end, and the 3rd end of second circulator is connected with first end of first circulator; The S of first wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the AS output terminal with the S of second wavelength division multiplexer respectively with the AS output terminal; Each component packages in the above-mentioned relaying amplification module is in a fully sheathed case.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: Raman distributed fiber temperature sensing system of the present invention is compared to traditional Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system; Added multistage amplification; Significant prolongation distance sensing, and proposed to utilize the fiber bragg grating temperature calibrating method, make multistage amplification become possibility; And improved the precision of Temperature Scaling, this dynamic Temperature Scaling method has reduced the demand to thermostat simultaneously.This structure also is applicable to the frequency domain raman system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system architecture diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the intensity of raman pump light pulse is with length variations situation synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) for do not add EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and add EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) system signal noise ratio and sensor fibre length concern synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 (a) is the reflection spectrogram of optical fiber Bragg fiber grating (FBG).
Fig. 4 (b) is the bragg wavelength of optical fiber Bragg fiber grating and the graph of a relation of temperature.
Description of reference numerals: fiber pulse laser 1, relaying amplification module 2, first wavelength division multiplexer 21, second wavelength division multiplexer 22, wavelength division multiplexer 21, first circulator 23, first end 231, second end 232, the 3rd end 233, second circulator 24, first end 241, second end 242, the 3rd end 243, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25, coupling mechanism 26, input end 260, first output terminal 261, second output terminal 262, calibration module 3, sensor fibre 4, electrooptic modulator 5, circulator 6, first port 61, second port 62, the 3rd port 63, wavelength division multiplexer 7,1480nm pump light source 8, signal Processing and display module 9.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is done further explanation.
As shown in Figure 1; A kind of Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of growing distance; Comprise the fiber pulse laser 1, the electrooptic modulator 5 that are positioned at system front end; 1480nm pump light source 8, wavelength division multiplexer 7, circulator 6 and signal Processing and display module 9; It is characterized in that, also comprise the calibration of one-level at least module 3, sensor fibre 4 and the relaying amplification module 2 that are positioned at the system rear end and are connected with the wavelength division multiplexer 7 of system leading portion, said calibration module 3, sensor fibre 4 are connected with relaying amplification module 2 successively.
Above-mentioned relaying amplification module 2 comprises a coupling mechanism 26; An Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (Erbium-doped Optical Fiber Amplifer; EDFA) 25; First wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 21 of two four-ways and 22, two first circulators 23 of second wavelength division multiplexer and second circulator 24.
The syndeton of each parts is in the above-mentioned relaying amplification module 2: the input end 260 of coupling mechanism 26 is connected with the 1480nm output terminal of first wavelength division multiplexer 21; First output terminal 261 of coupling mechanism 26 is the pumping input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25, and second output terminal 262 of coupling mechanism 26 is connected with the 1480nm input end of second wavelength division multiplexer 22; The 1550nm output terminal of first wavelength division multiplexer 21 is connected with second end 232 of first circulator 23; The 3rd end 233 of first circulator 23 is connected with the flashlight input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25; The output terminal of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25 is connected with first end 241 of second circulator 24; Second end 242 of second circulator 24 is connected with the 1550nm of second wavelength division multiplexer 22 end, and the 3rd end 243 of second circulator 24 is connected with first end 231 of first circulator 23; The S of first wavelength division multiplexer 21 is connected with the AS output terminal with the S of second wavelength division multiplexer 22 respectively with the AS output terminal.Each component packages in the above-mentioned relaying amplification module 2 is in a fully sheathed case.
The inner structure of above-mentioned calibration module 3 is: comprise an optical fiber Bragg fiber grating FBG and one section G.652 optical fiber (fiber lengths is 100m in the present embodiment) as calibration optical fiber; The input end of FBG is the input end of calibration module; The FBG output terminal is connected with general single mode fiber G.652, and the tail end of general single mode fiber is the output terminal of calibration module.The FBG temperature sensor of encapsulation is the antiradar reflectivity type in the used calibration module 3; Reflectivity is 1% ~ 3%; Used optical fiber is general single mode fiber G.652, and 1480nm pumping and relaying amplification module 2 are connected by optical fiber, connects to be encapsulated in 1 optical cable with optical fiber and sensor fibre 4.FBG in the said calibration module 3 and calibration fiber package and closely are close in a fully sheathed case each other, guarantee that FBG is consistent with the temperature of calibrating optical fiber.And the bragg wavelength of the FBG in the calibration module 3 not at the same level is different, and in 1550nm ± 1nm.
In the present embodiment, calibration module 3 is regarded as prior art and its inner structure is not done more detailed description, but this does not influence enforcement of the present invention.
The centre wavelength of above-mentioned fiber pulse laser 1 is 1550nm, and live width is 2nm, laser pulse 10ns, and peak power is that 1-100W is adjustable, repetition frequency is that 500Hz ~ 50kHz is adjustable.
What the pumping of above-mentioned 1480nm pump light source 8 was adopted is semiconductor laser.
Above-mentioned sensor fibre 4,1480nm pump light source 8 become twin fiber cable with the fiber package that is connected of relaying amplification module 2.
Above-mentioned signal Processing and display module 9 comprise data collecting card and signal Processing industrial computer, and data collecting card links to each other with industrial computer.Because signal Processing and display module 9 are the well-known components in the existing Raman distributed temperature-sensing system among the present invention, therefore its 26S Proteasome Structure and Function is not described in detail, this does not influence enforcement of the present invention.
In order to further specify the present invention, the annexation of each parts among the present invention is described according to the light path order:
Above-mentioned fiber pulse laser 1 is connected with electrooptic modulator 5; The laser that comes out from fiber pulse laser 1 through electrooptic modulator 5 be modulated to a upper frequency after; Get into from the port 61 of circulator 6; Enter into the 1550nm passage of the wavelength division multiplexer 7 of 4 passages then; Get into first group of calibration module 3 again, after the transmission through the sensor fibre 4 of one section longer distance, the energy of laser has been decayed very lowly; At this moment can get into first order relaying amplification module 2; The common port of first wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 21 in the relaying amplification module 2 is as the input end of trunk module 2, and the output terminal of the 1480nm passage of first wavelength division multiplexer 21 inserts coupling mechanism 26, tells one tunnel pumping input as Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (EDFA) 25 from coupling mechanism first output terminal 261; Tell other one the tunnel from coupling mechanism second output terminal 262 and get into of the pumping of second wavelength division multiplexer 22 of back as next stage; The 1550nm passage of first wavelength division multiplexer 21 gets into the input of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25 as flashlight through first circulator 23, and first end 241 of output termination second circulator 24 of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25 gets into second wavelength division multiplexer 22 through second end 242; Each road signal gets into next stage calibration module 3 from the common port output terminal after second wavelength division multiplexer 22 closes ripple, laser continues circulation to be transmitted forward up to arriving afterbody relaying amplification module 2.
Simultaneously; Back in the above-mentioned sensor fibre 4 can be along sensor fibre 4 back to transmission to Raman diffused light; When process relaying amplification module 2; Can close the ripple continued again through first wavelength division multiplexer 21 in the relaying amplification module 2 and second wavelength division multiplexer, 22 partial waves and transmit backward, finally pass through the common port of the wavelength division multiplexer 7 of system front end, Stokes and anti-Stokes light process S and the processing of AS passage entering signal and display module 9 are respectively handled;
Simultaneously; FBG reflection in the calibration module 3 is also after the meeting to transmission; During through relaying amplification module 2, can be in the inside of relaying amplification module 2 get into first end 231 of first circulator 23, spread out of relaying amplification module 2 through the 1550nm passage subsequently by the 3rd end 243 of second circulator 24; Handle and display module 9 through second port 62, the 3rd port 63 entering signals of wavelength division multiplexer of system front end 7 and circulator 6 at last, accomplish the calibration of temperature after treatment.
Multistage if desired amplification can be according to calibration module 3, and sensor fibre 4 is connected with the order of relaying amplification module 2 successively.
In order to prove the present invention program's feasibility, do further explanation in the face of principle of the present invention down:
The light pulse that fiber pulse laser 1 produces is modulated to a upper frequency through electrooptic modulator 5, gets into circulator 6 to second ports 62 through first port 61 then, by the 1550nm end of wavelength division multiplexer 7, squeezes into sensor fibre 4 through calibration module 3.During light pulse process calibration module 3; The few part light of FBG reflection that encapsulates in the calibration module is through the common port of wavelength division multiplexer 7; Second port 62 of circulator 6, the 3rd port 63 backs get into the spectral detectors in signal Processing and the display module 9; Thereby obtain calibrating the centre wavelength of the FBG in the module 3,, just can obtain calibrating the temperature of optical fiber in the module 3 through the corresponding relation of FBG centre wavelength and temperature; The spontaneous Raman that produces in the optical fiber in the calibration module 3 is penetrated light and also is scattered the light echo electric explorer, thereby obtains calibrating the anti-Stokes light of optical fiber and the ratio R (z of stokes light
0) and T
0, so just accomplished calibration for the first time.
Squeeze into sensor fibre 4 from the light pulse that calibration module 3 is come out; In sensor fibre 4, produce spontaneous Raman scattering, optical fiber temperature along the line is modulated the spontaneous Raman scattering light intensity simultaneously, after the spontaneous Raman scattering light scattering is fed back into end; Arrive photodetector through light wavelength division multiplexing; Thereby obtain stokes light and the scattering curve of anti-Stokes light in the sensor fibre, pass through further signal Processing again, just obtain sensor fibre Temperature Distribution situation along the line.Simultaneously and since pump light through the loss of sensor fibre 4, arrive before the amplification module pump light intensities a little less than, make the back the spontaneous Raman scattering light intensity a little less than, thereby can't guarantee the temperature accuracy of back.After the 1480nm pump light gets into the input end of amplification module 2, through behind the coupling mechanism 26, tell the pump light of a part as the EDFA in this grade amplification module 2, remainder is as the pump light of next stage amplification module EDFA.Through the amplification of amplification module, the raman pump light intensity of 1550nm is compensated amplification, makes the spontaneous Raman scattering light grow in the amplification module 2 back optical fiber, thereby has prolonged distance sensing, has improved the temperature accuracy of sensor fibre rear end.Amplification module 2 rear ends connect calibration module 3, connect sensor fibre 4 then.Calibration optical fiber and the spontaneous Raman of sensor fibre 4 of calibration in the module 3 penetrated the output port of the big module of light scattering playback, is scattered back photodetector from the input end of amplification module, thereby obtains the spontaneous Raman scattering curve of amplification module 2 rear end optical fiber.Behind process sensor fibre 4, can the cascade amplification module distance that continuation prolongs Raman distributed temperature-sensing system with the calibration module.
The theoretical derivation of principle of the present invention is following:
The Stokes luminous power that photodetector in signal Processing and the display module 9 detects and the intensity of anti-Stokes light can be represented with following formula:
Wherein, P
0Be pumping light power, A
As(T), A
s(T) be respectively and the anti-Stokes light of temperature correlation and the scattering coefficient of stokes light, α
p(z), α
As(z), α
s(z) be respectively pump light, anti-Stokes light and the stokes light attenuation coefficient relevant with the position, z, T are respectively distance and temperature, and C and D are respectively the dark current of photodetector.The ratio of the two can be expressed as
Wherein h, c, k, Δ v are respectively Planck's constant, the light velocity, Boltzmann constant, Raman frequency shift (cm
-1).The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system can be obtained by following formula
Wherein e, R, P
r(L), I
d, M, x
mRepresent dark current, the avalanche gain coefficient of responsiveness, Raman scattering luminous power, the photodetector of electronic charge, photodetector, the superfluous noise of photodetector respectively, k, T, R
LRepresent Boltzmann constant, the absolute temperature of detector work, pull-up resistor respectively, F
n, B represents the noise figure and the bandwidth of the amplifier of prime amplifier.Under the situation that does not have EDFA to amplify, the relation of system signal noise ratio and sensor fibre length is shown in Fig. 3 (a).Can see by formula (1) (2), along with the decay of raman pump light through long distance, Raman diffused light power P
r(L) more and more a little less than, can find out that by formula (3) system signal noise ratio SNR is along with the increase of distance constantly reduces.
And the effective pumping EDFA of the semiconductor laser that utilizes 1480nm; Only just can obtain the high-gain amplification of 30 ~ 40dB with the pump power of several milliwatts; Pumping efficiency can reach 5.0db/mW; Therefore the laser of 1480nm is after long Distance Transmission loss, and the pump light that enough power still can be provided amplifies the raman pump light of 1550nm, thereby still can obtain higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in the optical fiber rear end.After adding EDFA, the intensity of raman pump light pulse is as shown in Figure 2 with the length variations situation.Add after EDFA amplifies, system signal noise ratio with the variation of fiber lengths shown in Fig. 3 (b).
Because the live width of the fiber laser that uses is greatly about 2nm, the method through spectrographic detection can obtain the FBG reflectance spectrum.The FBG reflectance spectrum that is used for Temperature Scaling is shown in Fig. 4 (a).Variation and the relation of temperature variation of bragg wavelength that is used for the FBG of Temperature Scaling can be expressed as
Δ λ
B=λ
B(1+ ξ) Δ T formula (5)
Wherein, λ
BBe the bragg wavelength of FBG, ξ is the thermo-optical coeffecient of FBG, and Δ T is the temperature variation of FBG.Like this, just can obtain the variation of FBG bragg wavelength through the reflectance spectrum of surveying FBG, and then obtain being positioned at optical fiber z
0Real time temperature T (the z of the calibration module 0 at place
0).
The drift of the bragg wavelength of the FBG of calibration in the module with variation of temperature shown in Fig. 4 (b)
Like this, the Temperature Distribution on the 1st grade of sensor fibre section can be expressed as:
The Temperature Distribution of n level sensor fibre section can be utilized computes
Wherein, z
nBe the residing position of n level calibration module, T (z
n) be optical fiber z
nThe real time temperature of the n level calibration module at place.Like this, just record the Temperature Distribution of n level sensor fibre section.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that embodiment described here is for the principle that helps the reader understanding to invent, and should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such special statement and embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other various concrete distortion and combinations that do not break away from essence of the present invention according to these teachings disclosed by the invention, and these distortion and combination are still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of a long distance; Comprise the fiber pulse laser (1), the electrooptic modulator (5) that are positioned at system front end; 1480nm pump light source (8), wavelength division multiplexer (7), circulator (6) and signal Processing and display module (9); It is characterized in that; Also comprise the calibration of one-level at least module (3), sensor fibre (4) and the relaying amplification module (2) that are positioned at the system rear end and are connected with the wavelength division multiplexer (7) of system's leading portion, said calibration module (3), sensor fibre (4) and relaying amplification module (2) are connected successively;
Above-mentioned relaying amplification module (2) comprises a coupling mechanism (26); An Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (EDFA) (25); First wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) (21) of two four-ways and second wavelength division multiplexer (22), two first circulators (23) and second circulator (24).
2. a kind of Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of growing distance according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The syndeton of each parts is in the above-mentioned relaying amplification module (2): the input end (260) of coupling mechanism (26) is connected with the 1480nm output terminal of first wavelength division multiplexer (21); First output terminal (261) of coupling mechanism (26) is the pumping input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (25), and second output terminal (262) of coupling mechanism (26) is connected with the 1480nm input end of second wavelength division multiplexer (22); The 1550nm output terminal of first wavelength division multiplexer (21) is connected with second end (232) of first circulator (23); The 3rd end (233) of first circulator (23) is connected with the flashlight input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (25); The output terminal of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (25) is connected with first end (241) of second circulator (24); Second end (242) of second circulator (24) is connected with the 1550nm of second wavelength division multiplexer (22) end, and the 3rd end (243) of second circulator (24) is connected with first end (231) of first circulator (23); The S of first wavelength division multiplexer (21) is connected with the AS output terminal with the S of second wavelength division multiplexer (22) respectively with the AS output terminal; Each component packages in the above-mentioned relaying amplification module (2) is in a fully sheathed case.
3. a kind of Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of growing distance according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The inner structure of above-mentioned calibration module (3) is: comprise an optical fiber Bragg fiber grating FBG and one section G.652 optical fiber as calibration optical fiber; The input end of FBG is connected with general single mode fiber G.652 for the input end of calibration module, FBG output terminal, and the tail end of general single mode fiber is an output terminal of calibrating module.
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| CN108204858A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Vibration signal detecting system and detection method |
| CN112345060A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-02-09 | 上海波汇科技有限公司 | DAS system based on far pump amplifier |
| CN112345060B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-10-11 | 上海波汇科技有限公司 | DAS system based on far pump amplifier |
| CN112556875A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-26 | 太原理工大学 | Distributed optical fiber Raman sensing system and method for gas pipe network leakage |
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