CN105910728A - High-spatial-resolution Raman temperature measurement sensor and temperature measurement method - Google Patents

High-spatial-resolution Raman temperature measurement sensor and temperature measurement method Download PDF

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CN105910728A
CN105910728A CN201610430271.XA CN201610430271A CN105910728A CN 105910728 A CN105910728 A CN 105910728A CN 201610430271 A CN201610430271 A CN 201610430271A CN 105910728 A CN105910728 A CN 105910728A
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raman
frequency
light
wavelength division
division multiplexer
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CN105910728B (en
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纪圣华
史振国
王建强
张永臣
于娟
乔秋晓
张凯
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Northeast Part Of China Weihai Optoelectronic Information Technical Concern Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • G01K11/324—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres using Raman scattering

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing temperature measurement, and specifically relates to a high-precision high-spatial-resolution Raman temperature measurement sensor and a temperature measurement method. The high-spatial-resolution Raman temperature measurement sensor is characterized in that the high-spatial-resolution Raman temperature measurement sensor comprises an ultra-narrow linewidth laser, a circulator, an acousto-optic modulator, a reflective mirror, a 1*2 light splitter (1:1), two wavelength division multiplexing devices, a Raman frequency shift optical fiber, two 2*1 couplers, two photoelectric detectors, a signal processing and collection unit and a micro-processor unit. Compared with the prior art, the spatial resolution index of a Raman temperature measurement sensor based on OTDR is relatively poor and is generally 1 meter, the Raman temperature measurement sensor can be easily realized on hardware, the spatial resolution index of the system is substantially improved, and the spatial resolution index of the Raman temperature measurement sensor can reach a centimeter level in practical application.

Description

High spatial resolution Raman temperature transducer and temp measuring method
Technical field:
The present invention relates to Fibre Optical Sensor thermometry field, a kind of high-precision height Spatial resolution Raman temperature transducer and temp measuring method.
Technical background:
Optical fiber Raman temperature sensor is that the one that development in recent years is got up measures sky in real time Between the Fibre Optical Sensor product in temperature field, this system utilizes Raman scattering effect and OTDR technique real The now distributed measurement to temperature field residing for sensitive optical fibre, compared with traditional temperature sensor, Optical fiber Raman temperature sensor have highly sensitive, can electromagnetism interference, lightweight, life-span The advantages such as length, therefore can be widely applied to power cable, subway tunnel, coal mine roadway, stone In oil tank and the monitoring temperature of heavy construction and fire alarm.
But it is unable to reach higher spatial resolution owing to using OTDR technique to carry out positioning, The optical fiber Raman temperature sensor spatial resolution limit level being currently based on OTDR technique is about 1 meter, so at a lot of light based on OTDR principle to the field that spatial resolution requirements is higher Fine Raman temperature sensor no longer meets application requirement, electromotor thermometric, belt feeder roller bearing thermometric, Switch cabinet of converting station electric shock thermometrics etc., are required for Fibre Optical Sensor and can reach the other sky of Centimeter Level Between resolution.OFDR technology has higher spatial resolution, can reach grade in theory Other or higher spatial resolution.But owing to OFDR technology is at optical device type selecting, hardware There is bigger technical difficulty in the aspects such as signal acquisition, data process, so OFDR technology one Directly relatively being difficult to realize commercialization, the research of this technology is the most all rested on by scientific research institution both domestic and external Laboratory stage.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to shortcoming and defect present in prior art, it is provided that a kind of use OFDR Technology carries out positioning, using the method for Stokes demodulation anti-Stokes to realize temperature computation High spatial resolution Raman temperature transducer and temp measuring method.
The present invention is reached by following measures:
A kind of high spatial resolution Raman temperature sensor, it is characterised in that include that super-narrow line width swashs Light device, circulator, acousto-optic modulator, illuminator, radio-frequency signal generator, 1 × 2 beam splitter (1:1), 2 pieces of wavelength division multiplexers, Raman frequency shift optical fiber, 22 × 1 bonders, 2 photodetectors, Signal processing collecting unit, microprocessor unit, wherein narrow linewidth laser and the 1 of circulator Port be connected, acousto-optic modulator is connected with 2 ports of circulator, the acousto-optic modulator other end and Illuminator is connected, and radio-frequency signal generator inputs with the radio frequency of acousto-optic modulator and is connected, narrow-linewidth laser Device, circulator, acousto-optic modulator, illuminator, radio-frequency signal generator collectively form narrow linewidth frequency sweep Light source；3 ports of circulator and the input of 1 × 2 beam splitter are connected, and the two-way of beam splitter is defeated Go out and be connected with wavelength division multiplexer and the Raman frequency shift optical fiber of flashlight respectively, flashlight wavelength-division multiplex The scaled optical fiber of device is connected with sensor fibre, and in sensor fibre, backward Raman light is through wavelength division multiplexer It is divided into stokes light and Anti-Stokes signal light, the forward direction Raman that Raman frequency shift optical fiber produces Light is divided into Stokes and anti-Stokes reference light after wavelength division multiplexer；Stokes reference Light enters photodetector, anti-Stokes reference light and letter with flashlight through 2 × 1 bonders Number light enters another photodetectors through 2 × 1 bonders；The amplified process of photodetector Collection is uploaded to microprocessor system, and the data gathered are analyzed processing by microprocessor system.
Heretofore described light source is super-narrow line width laser instrument, and centre wavelength is 1550nm, Live width is less than 5kHz, and frequency stability is less than 50MHz, and output is more than 20mW, protects partially Characteristic, polarization extinction ratio is more than 23dB, and DFB laser tube and super-narrow line width optical fiber can be used to swash Light device realizes；
Heretofore described acousto-optic modulator, extinction ratio is more than 50dB, and return loss is more than 40dB, frequency range is more than 100MHz；
Optical circulator of the present invention, is 3 port circulators, and respectively 1 port enters 2 and goes out, 2 ports enter 3 ports and go out, and between port, isolation is more than 40dB, and each passage Insertion Loss is less than 0.7dB；
Heretofore described photodetector, uses high bandwidth, high response and high-gain InGaAs photodiode, bandwidth meets 14～18GHz, and the response rise time is less than 15ps, Its gain is up to 0.7～0.9A/W；Amplifying circuit uses Broadband amplifier, amplifies at signal Ensure the genuine property of signal simultaneously；Filter circuit uses ac filter mode, filters true letter Number DC component, signal can be nursed one's health, it is achieved hardware denoising simultaneously.
The invention allows for a kind of high spatial resolution Raman temperature sensing temp measuring method, it is special Levy and be to comprise the following steps:
Step 1: super-narrow line width light source, circulator, acousto-optic modulator, radio-frequency signal generator, illuminator Constituting linear frequency sweep light source, the centre wavelength of its light source is 1550nm, and radio-frequency signal generator is defeated Going out to connect the rf inputs of acousto-optic modulator, the frequency displacement that acousto-optic modulator produces is occurred by radio frequency The FREQUENCY CONTROL of device, Raman hygrosensor distance sensing 2km, spatial resolution be 1cm, Hardware receiver band a width of 10 time, the frequency chirp scope of light source should be 2MHz, light source frequency sweep Repetition rate 50kHz, light source sweep rate is 100GHz/s, and the periodic frequency sweep of light source should be with Data collection synchronous；
Step 2: swept light source output is divided into two light beams through 1 × 2 beam splitter, and wherein light beam enters Entering Raman frequency shift optical fiber, there is Raman scattering in light beam in Raman frequency shift optical fiber, wherein forward direction draws Graceful scattered signal is divided into Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman light two bundle ginseng through wavelength division multiplexer Examine light, wherein the forward direction Raman scattering signal acting on product some strength of Raman frequency shift optical fiber, Its a length of 10km；Through 1 × 2 beam splitter other light beam through wavelength division multiplexer enter sensing Optical fiber, light produces Raman scattering wherein backward Raman scattering light through wavelength-division multiplex in sensor fibre Device is divided into Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman light two restraints flashlight, wavelength division multiplexer and wavelength-division Multiplexer is 4 port devices, one transmission port of wavelength division multiplexer be 1550nm wave band, two Individual emission port is respectively 1450nm wave band and 1660nm wave band, a com port；1×2 Beam splitter is connected with the COM port of wavelength division multiplexer, is connected with the transmission port of wavelength division multiplexer；
Step 3: the 1450nm port of wavelength division multiplexer and the 1450nm port of wavelength division multiplexer connect Two inputs of 2 × 1 bonders, the outfan of 2 × 1 bonders is connected with photodetector； The 1660nm port of wavelength division multiplexer and the 1660nm port of wavelength division multiplexer connect 2 × 1 couplings Two inputs of clutch, the outfan of 2 × 1 bonders is connected with photodetector, 1450nm The flashlight of wavelength and reference light realize mixing, 1660nm on the photosurface of photodetector The flashlight of wavelength and reference light realize mixing on the photosurface of photodetector；
Step 4: the output of photodetector and photodetector and the input of signal processing collecting unit Being connected, the output of two-way photodetector is amplified and digitized by signal processing collecting unit Processing and these data are uploaded to microprocessor unit, the data uploaded are entered by microprocessor unit Conversion process in row Fu, finds frequency values and the range value of different frequency signals, is utilized respectively frequency Rate value and range value realize location and thermometric.
In use, OFDR structure include linear frequency sweep light source, Michelson's interferometer, Photodetector and spectrum analyzer, with ω0Centered by carry out the continuous light of linear frequency sweep, through coupling Clutch enters Michelson's interferometer structure and is divided into two bundles, and a branch of for reference light, its light path is solid Fixed, another bundle then enters testing fiber, and its optical signal returned is flashlight, then flashlight Will be mixed on the photosurface of photodetector with reference light, the signal warp after mixing Opto-electronic conversion and signal amplify laggard row number collection analysis.The present invention proposes to utilize super-narrow line width Laser instrument, circulator, acousto-optic modulator and reflecting mirror realize narrow linewidth swept light source, frequency sweep light The sweep velocity in source is relevant with acousto-optic modulator input microwave frequency with swept frequency range；The present invention carries Go out a kind of use optical fiber forward direction Raman as Stokes and anti-Stokes reference light method, for The heterodyne detection of Raman light provides condition.
Heterodyne detection method is by method relevant with reference light for Raman Back Scattering flashlight, system Use 2 × 1 bonders that flashlight and reference light are coupled into photodetector, flashlight and ginseng Examine light to be mixed at photodetector photosurface, due to the limited bandwidth of photodetector, mixed Difference frequency signal remaining after Pin.Its Theoretical Calculation is as follows:
Flashlight is: Es=kscos(ω1t+φ1)
Reference light is: El=klcos(ω2t+φ2)
Carrying out heterodyne detection, two ways of optical signals arrives explorer portion, and its signal intensity is:
I ( t ) = k s 2 2 + k l 2 2 + 1 2 [ k s 2 c o s ( 2 ω 1 t + 2 φ 1 ) + k l 2 c o s ( 2 ω 2 t + 2 φ 2 ) ] + k s k l cos [ ( ω 1 + ω 2 ) t + ( φ 1 + φ 2 ) ] + k s k l c o s [ ( ω 1 - ω 2 ) t + ( φ 1 - φ 2 ) ]
Owing to optical frequency is the highest, detector bandwidth is limited, so after filtering high frequency item and DC terms The signal of system detection is:
I (t)=ksklcos[(ω1-ω2)t+(φ1-φ2)]
Signal is shown as by difference on the frequency and phase meter: I (t)=ksklcos(2πΔft+Δφ)
Signal after mixing carries out data acquisition after photodetector amplification and will simultaneously Data are uploaded to microprocessor system and carry out Data Analysis Services, use IFFT conversion extraction to adopt The frequency of collection signal and amplitude.
The present invention uses the method for Stokes demodulation anti-Stokes optical signal to realize sense light Fine temperature survey, the signal after mixing is the product term of flashlight and reference light, in order to disappear The impact brought temperature demodulation except reference light, hardware coherence difference etc., native system employs Calibration optical fiber, its computing formula is as follows, T0For calibration fiber optic temperature, VASR(T) it is anti-stoke This mixed frequency signal amplitude, VSR(T) it is Stokes mixed frequency signal amplitude, VASR(T0) for calibrating light Fine anti-Stokes mixed frequency signal amplitude, VSR(T0) for calibrating optical fiber Stokes mixed frequency signal width Value.
1 T = 1 T 0 - k h Δ v · l n V A S R ( T ) / V S R ( T ) V A S R ( T 0 ) / V S R ( T 0 )
At known luminaire sweep rate γ, in the case of the value of optical fibre refractivity n and light velocity c, Intermediate frequency component f obtained according to detectionIFSize, optical path difference Z meets equation below:
Z = c · f I F γ · n
The present invention is relative to prior art, Raman temperature sensor spatial discrimination based on OTDR Poor generally 1 meter of rate index, is easily achieved on hardware, substantially increases the space of system Resolution index, can make the spatial resolution index of Raman temperature sensor in actual applications Reach a centimetre rank.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structured flowchart of the present invention.
Reference: 1, super-narrow line width light source, 2, circulator, 3, acousto-optic modulator, 4, radio frequency Generator, 5, illuminator, 6,1 × 2 beam splitter, 7, Raman frequency shift optical fiber, 8, signal Light wavelength division multiplexing, 9, sensor fibre, 10, reference light wave division multiplexer, 11,2 × 1 couplings Clutch 1,12,2 × 1 bonder 2,13, photodetector 1,14, photodetector 2, 15, signal processing collecting unit, 16, microprocessor unit.
Detailed description of the invention:
Detailed description of the invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing detailed description present invention:
As shown in drawings, the present invention propose a kind of high spatial resolution Raman temperature transducer and Temp measuring method, including: first, super-narrow line width light source 1, circulator 2, acousto-optic modulator 3, Radio-frequency signal generator 4, illuminator 5 constitutes the centre wavelength of linear frequency sweep its light source of light source and is 1550nm, radio-frequency signal generator 4 output connects the rf inputs of acousto-optic modulator 3, and acousto-optic is adjusted The frequency displacement that device 3 processed produces is sensed by the FREQUENCY CONTROL of radio-frequency signal generator 4, Raman hygrosensor Distance 2km, spatial resolution are 1cm, hardware receiver band a width of 10 time, the frequency of light source Chirp range should be 2MHz, light source frequency sweep repetition rate 50kHz, and light source sweep rate is 100GHz/s, the periodic frequency sweep of light source should be with data collection synchronous.
Second, swept light source output is divided into two light beams, wherein light beams through 1 × 2 beam splitter Entering Raman frequency shift optical fiber 7, there is Raman scattering, wherein in light beam in Raman frequency shift optical fiber 7 Forward direction Raman scattering signal is divided into Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman through wavelength division multiplexer 10 Light two restraints reference light, and wherein the forward direction acting on product some strength of Raman frequency shift optical fiber 7 draws Graceful scattered signal, its a length of 10km；Multiple through wavelength-division through the other light beam of 1 × 2 beam splitter Entering sensor fibre 9 with device 8, light produces after Raman scattering wherein to Raman in sensor fibre Scattered light is divided into Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman light two restraints signal through wavelength division multiplexer 8 Light, wavelength division multiplexer 8 and wavelength division multiplexer 10 are 4 port devices, wavelength division multiplexer one Transmission port is that 1550nm wave band, two emission ports are respectively 1450nm wave band and 1660nm Wave band, a com port；1 × 2 beam splitter is connected with the COM port of wavelength division multiplexer 10, It is connected with the transmission port of wavelength division multiplexer 8.
3rd, the 1450nm port of wavelength division multiplexer 8 and the 1450nm of wavelength division multiplexer 10 Port connect 2 × 1 bonders 11 two inputs, the outfan of 2 × 1 bonders 11 with Photodetector 13 is connected；The 1660nm port of wavelength division multiplexer 8 and wavelength division multiplexer 10 1660nm port connect 2 × 1 bonders 12 two inputs, 2 × 1 bonders 12 Outfan be connected with photodetector 14.The flashlight of 1450nm wavelength and reference light are at light Realizing mixing on the photosurface of electric explorer 13, the flashlight of 1660nm wavelength and reference light exist Mixing is realized on the photosurface of photodetector 14.
4th, the output of photodetector 13 and photodetector 14 and signal processing gather single The input of unit 15 is connected, and the output of two-way photodetector is entered by signal processing collecting unit 15 These data are also uploaded to microprocessor unit 16, microprocessor by row amplification also digitized processing The data uploaded are carried out conversion process in Fu by unit 16, find the frequency of different frequency signals Value and range value, be utilized respectively frequency values and range value realizes location and thermometric.
The present invention is relative to prior art, Raman temperature sensor spatial discrimination based on OTDR Poor generally 1 meter of rate index, is easily achieved on hardware, substantially increases the space of system Resolution index, can make the spatial resolution index of Raman temperature sensor in actual applications Reach a centimetre rank.

Claims (6)

1. a high spatial resolution Raman temperature sensor, it is characterized in that including super-narrow line width laser instrument, circulator, acousto-optic modulator, illuminator, radio-frequency signal generator, 1 × 2 beam splitter, 2 pieces of wavelength division multiplexers, Raman frequency shift optical fiber, 22 × 1 bonders, 2 photodetectors, signal processing collecting unit, microprocessor unit, wherein narrow linewidth laser is connected with 1 port of circulator, acousto-optic modulator is connected with 2 ports of circulator, the acousto-optic modulator other end is connected with illuminator, radio-frequency signal generator inputs with the radio frequency of acousto-optic modulator and is connected, narrow linewidth laser, circulator, acousto-optic modulator, illuminator, radio-frequency signal generator collectively forms narrow linewidth swept light source；3 ports of circulator and the input of 1 × 2 beam splitter are connected, the two-way output of beam splitter is connected with wavelength division multiplexer and the Raman frequency shift optical fiber of flashlight respectively, the scaled optical fiber of signal light-wave division multiplexer is connected with sensor fibre, in sensor fibre, backward Raman light is divided into stokes light and Anti-Stokes signal light through wavelength division multiplexer, and the forward direction Raman light that Raman frequency shift optical fiber produces is divided into Stokes and anti-Stokes reference light after wavelength division multiplexer；Stokes reference light enters photodetector with flashlight through 2 × 1 bonders, and anti-Stokes reference light enters another photodetector with flashlight through 2 × 1 bonders；Photodetector amplified process collection is uploaded to microprocessor system, and the data gathered are analyzed processing by microprocessor system.
A kind of high spatial resolution Raman temperature sensor the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described light source is super-narrow line width laser instrument, centre wavelength is 1550nm, live width is less than 5kHz, frequency stability is less than 50MHz, and output is more than 20mW, polarization property, polarization extinction ratio is more than 23dB, uses DFB laser tube and super-narrow line width optical fiber laser to realize.
A kind of high spatial resolution Raman temperature sensor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described acousto-optic modulator, extinction ratio is more than 50dB, and return loss is more than 40dB, and frequency range is more than 100MHz.
A kind of high spatial resolution Raman temperature sensor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described optical circulator, is 3 port circulators, respectively 1 port enters 2 and goes out, 2 ports enter 3 ports and go out, and between port, isolation is more than 40dB, and each passage Insertion Loss is less than 0.7dB.
A kind of high spatial resolution Raman temperature sensor the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described photodetector, use high bandwidth, high response and the InGaAs photodiode of high-gain, bandwidth meets 14 ~ 18GHz, the response rise time, its gain was up to 0.7 ~ 0.9A/W less than 15ps；Amplifying circuit uses Broadband amplifier, ensures the genuine property of signal while signal amplifies；Filter circuit uses ac filter mode, filters the DC component of actual signal, can nurse one's health signal, it is achieved hardware denoising simultaneously.
6. a high spatial resolution Raman temperature sensing temp measuring method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: super-narrow line width light source, circulator, acousto-optic modulator, radio-frequency signal generator, illuminator constitutes linear frequency sweep light source, the centre wavelength of its light source is 1550nm, radio-frequency signal generator output connects the rf inputs of acousto-optic modulator, the frequency displacement that acousto-optic modulator produces is by the FREQUENCY CONTROL of radio-frequency signal generator, Raman hygrosensor distance sensing 2km, spatial resolution is 1cm, hardware receiver band a width of 10 time, the frequency chirp scope of light source should be 2MHz, light source frequency sweep repetition rate 50kHz, light source sweep rate is 100GHz/s, the periodic frequency sweep of light source should be with data collection synchronous；
Step 2: swept light source output is divided into two light beams through 1 × 2 beam splitter, wherein light beam enters Raman frequency shift optical fiber, Raman scattering is there is in light beam in Raman frequency shift optical fiber, wherein forward direction Raman scattering signal is divided into Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman light two restraints reference light through wavelength division multiplexer, the wherein forward direction Raman scattering signal acting on product some strength of Raman frequency shift optical fiber, its a length of 10km；Sensor fibre is entered through wavelength division multiplexer through the other light beam of 1 × 2 beam splitter, light produces Raman scattering wherein backward Raman scattering light in sensor fibre and is divided into Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman light two restraints flashlight through wavelength division multiplexer, wavelength division multiplexer and wavelength division multiplexer are 4 port devices, and one transmission port of wavelength division multiplexer is that 1550nm wave band, two emission ports are respectively 1450nm wave band and 1660nm wave band, a com port；1 × 2 beam splitter is connected with the COM port of wavelength division multiplexer, is connected with the transmission port of wavelength division multiplexer；
Step 3: the 1450nm port of wavelength division multiplexer and the 1450nm port of wavelength division multiplexer connect two inputs of 2 × 1 bonders, and the outfan of 2 × 1 bonders is connected with photodetector；The 1660nm port of wavelength division multiplexer and the 1660nm port of wavelength division multiplexer connect two inputs of 2 × 1 bonders, the outfan of 2 × 1 bonders is connected with photodetector, the flashlight of 1450nm wavelength and reference light realize mixing on the photosurface of photodetector, and the flashlight of 1660nm wavelength and reference light realize mixing on the photosurface of photodetector；
Step 4: photodetector is connected with the input of signal processing collecting unit with the output of photodetector, the output of two-way photodetector is amplified and digitized processing these data are uploaded to microprocessor unit by signal processing collecting unit, the data uploaded are carried out conversion process in Fu by microprocessor unit, find frequency values and the range value of different frequency signals, be utilized respectively frequency values and range value realizes location and thermometric.
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CN110031124A (en) * 2019-02-27 2019-07-19 上海拜安传感技术有限公司 A kind of distribution single mode optical fiber extra long distance Raman temperature transducer
CN112683418A (en) * 2020-12-09 2021-04-20 苏州德睿电力科技有限公司 Raman scattering light double-path demodulation method for optical fiber distributed temperature measurement

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