CN102840929B - Long-distance Raman distributed temperature sensing system - Google Patents

Long-distance Raman distributed temperature sensing system Download PDF

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CN102840929B
CN102840929B CN201210323809.9A CN201210323809A CN102840929B CN 102840929 B CN102840929 B CN 102840929B CN 201210323809 A CN201210323809 A CN 201210323809A CN 102840929 B CN102840929 B CN 102840929B
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division multiplexer
circulator
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optical fiber
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CN102840929A (en
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冉曾令
刘永利
左红梅
陈怡�
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

The invention relates to a long-distance Raman distributed temperature sensing system which comprises an optical fiber pulse laser, an electrooptic modulator, a pump light source of 1480nm, wavelength division multiplexers, circulators, a signal processing and displaying module which are arranged at a front end of the system; the system is characterized by further comprising at least one stage of calibrating module, a sensing optical fiber and a relay amplifying module which are arranged at a rear end of the system and are connected with the wavelength division multiplexers at the front end of the system; the calibrating module, the sensing optical fiber and the relay amplifying module are connected in sequence; the relay amplifying module comprises a coupler, an Er-doped optical fiber amplifier, a first wavelength division multiplexer and a second wavelength division multiplexer are respectively provided with four channels, and a first circulator and a second circulator. The system has the beneficial effects that compared with a traditional Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system, the Raman distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system provided by the invention adds multiple stages of amplification, sensing distances are extended remarkably, and moreover, precision on temperature calibration is improved.

Description

A kind of Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of growing distance
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, be specifically related to a kind of can carrying out multi-stage light amplification and utilizing the distributed fiber Raman temperature-sensing system of the multistage Temperature Scaling of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG) of distance that grow.
Background technology
In recent years, distributed optical fiber Raman temperature sensor based on spontaneous Raman scattering principle is because temperature on a large scale can on-line real time monitoring optical fiber along the line, and compared with distributed fiberoptic sensor based on Brillouin scattering principle, there is cost low, the advantage that not strained intersection is disturbed, thereby be widely used in petroleum pipe line, power circuit, geology investigation distributed temperature monitoring field.
Compared with distributed fiberoptic sensor based on Brillouin scattering principle, traditional distributed fiberoptic sensor based on Raman scattering principle is in a disadvantageous position on temperature accuracy and distance sensing, this is due to following 2 restrictions: first, spontaneous Raman scattering is compared with stimulated Brillouin scattering with spontaneous brillouin scattering, and scattered light intensity is wanted weak 30 ~ 50dB; Secondly, Raman temperature sensor cannot application distribution Raman amplifying technique, can only carry out pump light amplification at the incident end of sensor fibre, also will control luminous power simultaneously, makes it lower than Raman threshold in order to avoid produces stimulated Raman scattering.Due to the restriction of these factors, make the distance of Raman distributed temperature sensor very limited, can only be limited in 30km, and temperature accuracy poor (>=1 DEG C), can not further meet wider more high-precision temperature measurement demand.
The factor that another one restriction set Chinese style Optical Amplification Technology is applied in Raman distributed temperature sensor is: after adding light amplification, scattered light in the optical fiber of the Temperature Scaling of carrying out at the incident end of optical fiber after being just not suitable for light amplification, thus cannot carry out temperature demodulation accurately to the Raman diffused light after amplifying.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the distance sensing in order to extend existing Raman distributed temperature-sensing system and improve temperature measurement accuracy simultaneously, having proposed a kind of Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of growing distance.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of growing distance, comprise the fiber pulse laser, the electrooptic modulator that are positioned at system front end, 1480nm pump light source, wavelength division multiplexer, circulator and signal are processed and display module, it is characterized in that, also comprise the calibration of at least one-level module, sensor fibre and the relaying amplification module that are positioned at system rear end and be connected with the wavelength division multiplexer of system leading portion, described calibration module, sensor fibre and relaying amplification module are connected successively;
Above-mentioned relaying amplification module comprises a coupling mechanism, an Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), the first wave division multiplexer of two four-ways and Second Wave division multiplexer, two the first circulators and the second circulator.
In above-mentioned relaying amplification module, the syndeton of each parts is: the input end of coupling mechanism is connected with the 1480nm output terminal of first wave division multiplexer, the pumping input end that the first output terminal of coupling mechanism is Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), the second output terminal of coupling mechanism is connected with the 1480nm input end of Second Wave division multiplexer; The 1550nm output terminal of first wave division multiplexer is connected with the second end of the first circulator, the 3rd end of the first circulator is connected with the flashlight input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), the output terminal of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is connected with the first end of the second circulator, the second end of the second circulator is connected with the 1550nm of Second Wave division multiplexer end, and the 3rd end of the second circulator is connected with the first end of the first circulator; The S of first wave division multiplexer is connected with S and the AS output terminal of Second Wave division multiplexer respectively with AS output terminal; Each component packages in above-mentioned relaying amplification module is in a fully sheathed case.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: Raman distributed fiber temperature sensing system of the present invention is compared to traditional Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system, add multistage amplification, significant prolongation distance sensing, and propose to utilize fiber bragg grating temperature calibrating method, make multistage amplification become possibility, and improved the precision of Temperature Scaling, this dynamic Temperature Scaling method has reduced the demand to thermostat simultaneously.This structure is also applicable to frequency domain Raman system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is system architecture diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the intensity length variations situation schematic diagram of Raman pump light pulse.
Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) for do not add Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and add the system signal noise ratio of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and sensor fibre length be related to schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 (a) is the reflection spectrogram of optical fiber Bragg fiber grating (FBG).
Fig. 4 (b) is the bragg wavelength of optical fiber Bragg fiber grating and the graph of a relation of temperature.
Description of reference numerals: fiber pulse laser 1, relaying amplification module 2, first wave division multiplexer 21, Second Wave division multiplexer 22, wavelength division multiplexer 21, the first circulator 23, first end 231, the second end 232, the 3rd end 233, the second circulator 24, first end 241, the second end 242, the 3rd end 243, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25, coupling mechanism 26, input end 260, the first output terminal 261, the second output terminal 262, calibration module 3, sensor fibre 4, electrooptic modulator 5, circulator 6, the first port 61, the second port 62, the 3rd port 63, wavelength division multiplexer 7, 1480nm pump light source 8, signal is processed and display module 9.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of growing distance, comprise the fiber pulse laser 1, the electrooptic modulator 5 that are positioned at system front end, 1480nm pump light source 8, wavelength division multiplexer 7, circulator 6 and signal are processed and display module 9, it is characterized in that, also comprise the calibration of at least one-level module 3, sensor fibre 4 and the relaying amplification module 2 that are positioned at system rear end and be connected with the wavelength division multiplexer 7 of system leading portion, described calibration module 3, sensor fibre 4 and relaying amplification module 2 are connected successively.
Above-mentioned relaying amplification module 2 comprises a coupling mechanism 26, an Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (Erbium-doped Optical Fiber Amplifer, EDFA) 25,22, two the first circulators 23 of the first wave division multiplexer (WDM) 21 of two four-ways and Second Wave division multiplexer and the second circulator 24.
In above-mentioned relaying amplification module 2, the syndeton of each parts is: the input end 260 of coupling mechanism 26 is connected with the 1480nm output terminal of first wave division multiplexer 21, the first output terminal 261 of coupling mechanism 26 is the pumping input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25, and the second output terminal 262 of coupling mechanism 26 is connected with the 1480nm input end of Second Wave division multiplexer 22; The 1550nm output terminal of first wave division multiplexer 21 is connected with the second end 232 of the first circulator 23, the 3rd end 233 of the first circulator 23 is connected with the flashlight input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25, the output terminal of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25 is connected with the first end 241 of the second circulator 24, the second end 242 of the second circulator 24 is connected with the 1550nm of Second Wave division multiplexer 22 end, and the 3rd end 243 of the second circulator 24 and the first end 231 of the first circulator 23 are connected; The S of first wave division multiplexer 21 is connected with S and the AS output terminal of Second Wave division multiplexer 22 respectively with AS output terminal.Each component packages in above-mentioned relaying amplification module 2 is in a fully sheathed case.
The inner structure of above-mentioned calibration module 3 is: comprise an optical fiber Bragg fiber grating FBG and one section of G.652 optical fiber (in the present embodiment, fiber lengths is 100m) as calibration optical fiber, the input end of FBG is the input end of calibration module, FBG output terminal is connected with general single mode fiber G.652, and the tail end of general single mode fiber is the output terminal of calibration module.In calibration module 3 used, the FBG temperature sensor of encapsulation is antiradar reflectivity type, reflectivity is 1% ~ 3%, optical fiber used is general single mode fiber G.652, and 1480nm pumping is connected by optical fiber with relaying amplification module 2, connects and is encapsulated in 1 optical cable with optical fiber and sensor fibre 4.FBG in described calibration module 3, and is closely close to each other with calibration fibre-optic package in a fully sheathed case, ensures that FBG is consistent with the temperature of calibrating optical fiber.And the bragg wavelength difference of the FBG in calibration module 3 not at the same level, and in 1550nm ± 1nm.
In the present embodiment, calibration module 3 is regarded as prior art and its inner structure is not described in more detail, but this does not affect enforcement of the present invention.
The centre wavelength of above-mentioned fiber pulse laser 1 is 1550nm, and live width is 2nm, laser pulse 10ns, and peak power is that 1-100W is adjustable, repetition frequency is that 500Hz ~ 50kHz is adjustable.
What the pumping of above-mentioned 1480nm pump light source 8 adopted is semiconductor laser.
Above-mentioned sensor fibre 4,1480nm pump light source 8 become twin fiber cable with the fibre-optic package that is connected of relaying amplification module 2.
Above-mentioned signal is processed and display module 9 comprises data collecting card and signal processing industrial computer, and data collecting card is connected with industrial computer.Because signal processing and display module 9 in the present invention are the well-known components in existing Raman distributed temperature-sensing system, therefore its 26S Proteasome Structure and Function is not described in detail, this does not affect enforcement of the present invention.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, according to light path order, the annexation of the each parts in the present invention is described:
Above-mentioned fiber pulse laser 1 is connected with electrooptic modulator 5, being modulated to after a upper frequency through electrooptic modulator 5 from fiber pulse laser 1 laser out, enter from the port 61 of circulator 6, then enter into the 1550nm passage of the wavelength division multiplexer 7 of 4 passages, enter again first group of calibration module 3, after the transmission of the sensor fibre 4 of one section of longer distance, the energy of laser has been decayed very lowly, at this moment can enter first order relaying amplification module 2, the common port of the first wave division multiplexer (WDM) 21 in relaying amplification module 2 is as the input end of trunk module 2, the output terminal switch-in coupler 26 of the 1480nm passage of first wave division multiplexer 21, separate the pumping input of a road as Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (EDFA) 25 from coupling mechanism the first output terminal 261, separate an other road from coupling mechanism the second output terminal 262 and enter the pumping as next stage of Second Wave division multiplexer 22 below, the 1550nm passage of first wave division multiplexer 21 enters the input of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25 as flashlight by the first circulator 23, the first end 241 of output termination second circulator 24 of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 25, enter Second Wave division multiplexer 22 through the second end 242, each road signal enters next stage calibration module 3 from common port output terminal after Second Wave division multiplexer 22 closes ripple, laser continues circulation to be transmitted forward until arrive afterbody relaying amplification module 2.
Simultaneously, backward Raman scattering light in above-mentioned sensor fibre 4 can be along the backward transmission of sensor fibre 4, when process relaying amplification module 2, can after closing ripple again, the first wave division multiplexer 21 in relaying amplification module 2 and Second Wave division multiplexer 22 partial waves continue transmission backward, the common port of the final wavelength division multiplexer 7 that passes through system front end, Stokes and anti-Stokes light pass through respectively S and the processing of AS passage entering signal and display module 9 and process;
Simultaneously, FBG reflection in calibration module 3 also can backwardly be transmitted, during through relaying amplification module 2, can be entered in the inside of relaying amplification module 2 first end 231 of the first circulator 23 by the 3rd end 243 of the second circulator 24, spread out of relaying amplification module 2 by 1550nm passage subsequently, finally by crossing the wavelength division multiplexer 7 of system front end and the second port 62, the 3rd port 63 entering signals processing and the display modules 9 of circulator 6, complete after treatment the calibration of temperature.
If need multistage amplification, can be according to calibration module 3, sensor fibre 4 is connected successively with the order of relaying amplification module 2.
In order to prove the present invention program's feasibility, below principle of the present invention is described further:
The light pulse that fiber pulse laser 1 produces is modulated to a upper frequency through electrooptic modulator 5, then enters circulator 6 to second ports 62 by the first port 61, is held by the 1550nm of wavelength division multiplexer 7, squeezes into sensor fibre 4 through calibration module 3.When light pulse process calibration module 3, the FBG reflection small part light encapsulating in calibration module is through the common port of wavelength division multiplexer 7, spectral detector in the second port 62, the rear entering signal processing of the 3rd port 63 and the display module 9 of circulator 6, thereby obtain calibrating the centre wavelength of the FBG in module 3, by the corresponding relation of FBG centre wavelength and temperature, just can obtain calibrating the temperature of optical fiber in module 3; The spontaneous Raman producing in optical fiber in calibration module 3 is penetrated light and is also scattered light echo electric explorer, thereby obtains calibrating the anti-Stokes light of optical fiber and the ratio R (z of stokes light 0) and T 0, so just completed calibration for the first time.
Squeeze into sensor fibre 4 from the light pulse out of calibration module 3, in sensor fibre 4, produce spontaneous Raman scattering, optical fiber temperature along the line is modulated spontaneous Raman scattering light intensity simultaneously, spontaneous Raman scattering light scattering is fed back into after end, arrive photodetector through light wavelength division multiplexing, thereby obtain stokes light in sensor fibre and the scattering curve of anti-Stokes light, then pass through further signal processing, just obtain sensor fibre Temperature Distribution situation along the line.Meanwhile, because pump light is through the loss of sensor fibre 4, arrive pump light intensities before amplification module a little less than, a little less than making spontaneous Raman scattering light intensity below, thereby cannot ensure temperature accuracy below.1480nm pump light enters after the input end of amplification module 2, after coupling mechanism 26, separates the pump light of a part as the EDFA in this grade of amplification module 2, and remainder is as the pump light of next stage amplification module EDFA.Through the amplification of amplification module, the Raman pump light intensity of 1550nm is compensated amplification, makes the amplification module 2 spontaneous Raman scattering light grow in optical fiber below, thereby has extended distance sensing, has improved the temperature accuracy of sensor fibre rear end.Amplification module 2 rear ends connect calibration module 3, then connect sensor fibre 4.The spontaneous Raman of the calibration optical fiber of calibration in module 3 and sensor fibre 4 is penetrated light scattering and returns the output port of amplification module, is scattered back photodetector, thereby is amplified the spontaneous Raman scattering curve of module 2 rear end optical fiber from the input end of amplification module.After sensor fibre 4, can the cascade amplification module distance that continuation extends Raman distributed temperature-sensing system with calibration module.
The theory of principle of the present invention is derived as follows:
The Stokes luminous power that photodetector in signal processing and display module 9 detects and the intensity of anti-Stokes light can represent with following formula:
I as ( z , T ) = P 0 A as ( T ) exp ( - ∫ 0 z α p ( z ) dz - ∫ 0 z α as ( z ) dz ) + C Formula (1)
I s ( z , T ) = P 0 A s ( T ) exp ( - ∫ 0 z α p ( z ) dz - ∫ 0 z α s ( z ) dz ) + D Formula (2)
Wherein, P 0for pumping light power, A as(T), A s(T) be respectively and the anti-Stokes light of temperature correlation and the scattering coefficient of stokes light, α p(z), α as(z), α s(z) be respectively the attenuation coefficient that pump light, anti-Stokes light and stokes light are relevant to position, z, T are respectively distance and temperature, and C and D are respectively the dark current of photodetector.The ratio of the two can be expressed as
R ( z , T ) = I as ( z , T ) - C I s ( z , T ) - D
= ( λ s λ as ) 4 · exp [ - hcΔv kT ( z ) ) + ( ∫ 0 z - ( α as ( z ) - α s ( z ) ) dz ] Formula (3)
Wherein h, c, k, Δ v are respectively Planck's constant, the light velocity, Boltzmann constant, Raman frequency shift (cm -1).The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system can be obtained by following formula
SNR = R · P r ( L ) · M ( 2 e F A ( I d + R · P r ( L ) ) M 2 + 4 ( kT / R L ) F n ) B Formula (4)
Wherein e, R, P r(L), I d, M, x mrepresent respectively dark current, the avalanche gain coefficient of responsiveness, Raman scattering luminous power, the photodetector of electronic charge, photodetector, the excess noise of photodetector, k, T, R lrepresent respectively Boltzmann constant, the absolute temperature of detector work, pull-up resistor, F n, B represents noise figure and the bandwidth of the amplifier of prime amplifier.In the situation that not having EDFA to amplify, the relation of system signal noise ratio and sensor fibre length is as shown in Fig. 3 (a).Can be seen by formula (1) (2), along with raman pump light is through the decay of long-distance, Raman diffused light power P r(L), more and more, can find out that by formula (3) system signal noise ratio SNR is along with the increase of distance constantly reduces.
And utilize the effectively pumping EDFA of semiconductor laser of 1480nm, only just can obtain the plus and blowup of 30 ~ 40dB with the pump power of several milliwatts, pumping efficiency can reach 5.0db/mW, therefore the laser of 1480nm is after long Distance Transmission loss, still can provide the pump light of enough power to amplify the raman pump light of 1550nm, thereby still can obtain higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in optical fiber rear end.Adding after EDFA, the intensity length variations situation of Raman pump light pulse as shown in Figure 2.Add after EDFA amplifies, system signal noise ratio with the variation of fiber lengths as shown in Figure 3 (b).
Because the live width of fiber laser using is greatly about 2nm, can obtain FBG reflectance spectrum by the method for spectrographic detection.Be used for the FBG reflectance spectrum of Temperature Scaling as shown in Figure 4 (a).The variation of bragg wavelength and the relation of temperature variation that are used for the FBG of Temperature Scaling can be expressed as
Δ λ bb(1+ ξ) Δ T formula (5)
Wherein, λ bbe the bragg wavelength of FBG, ξ is the thermo-optical coeffecient of FBG, and Δ T is the temperature variation of FBG.Like this, just can obtain the variation of FBG bragg wavelength by the reflectance spectrum of surveying FBG, and then obtain being positioned at optical fiber z 0real time temperature T (the z of the calibration module 0 at place 0).
The drift variation with temperature of the bragg wavelength of the FBG in calibration module as shown in Figure 4 (b)
Like this, the Temperature Distribution in the 1st grade of sensor fibre section can be expressed as:
T ( z ) = ( k B hcΔv ln ( R ( z 0 ) R ( z ) + 1 T ( z 0 ) ) - 1 Formula (6)
The Temperature Distribution of n level sensor fibre section can utilize following formula to calculate
T ( z ) = ( k B hcΔv ln ( R ( z n ) R ( z ) + 1 T ( z n ) ) - 1 Formula (7)
Wherein, z nbe the n level calibration residing position of module, T (z n) be optical fiber z nthe real time temperature of the n level calibration module at place.Like this, just record the Temperature Distribution of n level sensor fibre section.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, embodiment described here is the principle in order to help reader understanding to invent, and should be understood to that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such special statement and embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other various concrete distortion and combinations that do not depart from essence of the present invention according to these technology enlightenments disclosed by the invention, and these distortion and combination are still in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of a long distance, comprise the fiber pulse laser (1) that is positioned at system front end, electrooptic modulator (5), 1480nm pump light source (8), wavelength division multiplexer (7), circulator (6) and signal are processed and display module (9), it is characterized in that, also comprise at least one-level calibration module (3) that is positioned at system rear end and be connected with the wavelength division multiplexer (7) of system front end, sensor fibre (4) and relaying amplification module (2), described calibration module (3), sensor fibre (4) is connected successively with relaying amplification module (2),
Above-mentioned relaying amplification module (2) comprises a coupling mechanism (26), an Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (25), the first wave division multiplexer (WDM) (21) of two four-ways and Second Wave division multiplexer (22), two the first circulators (23) and the second circulator (24);
In above-mentioned relaying amplification module (2), the syndeton of each parts is: the input end (260) of coupling mechanism (26) is connected with the 1480nm output terminal of first wave division multiplexer (21), first output terminal (261) of coupling mechanism (26) is the pumping input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (25), and second output terminal (262) of coupling mechanism (26) is connected with the 1480nm input end of Second Wave division multiplexer (22), the 1550nm output terminal of first wave division multiplexer (21) is connected with second end (232) of the first circulator (23), the 3rd end (233) of the first circulator (23) is connected with the flashlight input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (25), the output terminal of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (25) is connected with the first end (241) of the second circulator (24), second end (242) of the second circulator (24) is connected with the 1550nm of Second Wave division multiplexer (22) end, the 3rd end (243) of the second circulator (24) and the first end (231) of the first circulator (23) are connected, the S of first wave division multiplexer (21) is connected with S and the AS output terminal of Second Wave division multiplexer (22) respectively with AS output terminal, each component packages in above-mentioned relaying amplification module (2) is in a fully sheathed case.
2. a kind of Raman distributed temperature-sensing system of growing distance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the inner structure of above-mentioned calibration module (3) is: comprise an optical fiber Bragg fiber grating FBG and one section of G.652 general single mode fiber as calibration optical fiber, the input end of FBG is the input end of calibration module, FBG output terminal is connected with general single mode fiber G.652, and the tail end of general single mode fiber is the output terminal of calibration module.
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