CN110763956B - Space division multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning positioning system and method - Google Patents
Space division multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning positioning system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber polarization sensing lightning positioning system based on space division multiplexing, which comprises a first host and a second host, wherein the first host and the second host are connected by two optical fiber composite overhead ground wires, wherein: a first light source, a first circulator, a first filter, a first analyzer and a first photoelectric detector of a first host are connected in order, and a second light source, a second circulator, a second filter and a second analyzer of a second host are connected with a second photoelectric detector in the first host in sequence; the first photoelectric detection and the second photoelectric detection are connected with a high-speed acquisition card, and the high-speed acquisition card is connected with an upper computer; the first light source emits a direct current optical signal with a first wavelength, the second light source emits a direct current optical signal with a second wavelength, and the first wavelength is different from the second wavelength. The method realizes lightning positioning and signal acquisition based on the double-end correlation single-end detection method, thereby solving the technical problems that the traditional double-end method has higher requirement on a two-end time setting system and the single-end method has a measurement dead zone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to an optical fiber polarization sensing lightning positioning system based on space division multiplexing.
Background
An Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire (OPGW) is a new Ground Wire that has emerged in recent years, and can be used as a lightning conductor and a communication trunk line. Lightning location can be performed through the OPGW itself due to its own communicable nature.
At present, few electric transmission line lightning detection researches based on OPGW are conducted at home and abroad, and mainly Japanese scientists conduct partial theoretical researches and generate two technical directions, namely a sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering and a sensing technology based on light polarization state. The first method is used for researching a lightning positioning system based on a Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer, and the first method is based on the basic principle that optical signals can generate a Brillouin scattering frequency shift effect when the temperature changes, and lightning positioning is realized according to the change of OPGW optical signals caused by the temperature rise during lightning. However, the change of the external temperature or stress also has a significant influence on the brillouin shift effect of the optical signal on the OPGW, so that the interference resistance of the method is poor, and therefore, theoretical research is still performed at present, and practical feasibility is lacked. The second method is based on the sensing technology of the polarization state of the OPGW light, and currently, mainly stays in a theoretical stage and lacks practical demonstration. Starting from the representation and measurement method of the optical polarization state, the possibility of realizing lightning location based on the OPGW optical polarization state is theoretically introduced, but experimental demonstration is lacked. And the scholars perform lightning simulation tests and verify the feasibility of realizing lightning location based on the OPGW light polarization state, but the test type is too single and no theoretical analysis exists. The method for realizing lightning location based on the optical polarization state of the OPGW generally comprises a double-end method and a single-end method.
In the double-end method, if a continuous polarized light signal is applied to an OPGW of a power transmission line, the polarization state of the light signal on the OPGW is detected in real time through photoelectric detection devices at two ends of the OPGW, and the lightning location of the power transmission line can be realized through the time difference of the polarization state mutation signals obtained at the two ends when lightning occurs. However, the double-ended method generally requires signal acquisition at both ends, and the acquired data needs to be time-aligned: this is a high requirement for a time-of-flight system, since the speed of light is fast, even if a temporal error of 1 mus corresponds to a spatial positioning error of 100 m.
In order to solve the above problems, a patent (CN 109270346A) proposes a single-end method to achieve lightning location, the basic principle of which is shown in fig. 1, where the signaling and measurement of the single-end method are all completed at one end, a traveling wave signal is sent from the home end, and after reaching the opposite end, the traveling wave signal returns along the original path through a long time delay optical fiber, and fault location is achieved by measuring the time difference between the fault traveling wave at the fault point and the home end and between the fault point and the opposite end, and then the fault traveling wave is transmitted to the home end. The single-end method is simple in principle, and the problem of synchronization of two ends in the double-end method does not exist. However, the single-ended method has a major drawback: namely, when the wave tail of the fault traveling wave signal is long (the discharge time of lightning can reach about 2 ms), the wave tail of the local end signal can be overlapped with the wave head of the opposite end signal, so that the difficulty that the wave head time of the signal is difficult to determine is caused, a large measurement dead zone is generated, and great limitation is caused to the traveling wave fault location. Fig. 2 shows a situation that signals on the side and the opposite side overlap during the single-ended ranging process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides an optical fiber polarization sensing lightning positioning system and method based on space division multiplexing, and aims to realize the detection of lightning positions based on a double-end method, so that the technical problems that the double-end method has higher requirements on a two-end time setting system and a single-end method has a measurement dead zone are solved.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a space division multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning location system, including a first host and a second host, the first host and the second host being connected by an optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW), wherein:
the first host includes: the device comprises an upper computer, a high-speed acquisition card, a first light source, a first circulator, a first filter, a first analyzer, a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector; the second host comprises a second light source, a second circulator, a second filter and a second analyzer;
the first light source is connected with a first port of a first circulator through an optical fiber, a second port of the first circulator is connected with a second port of a second circulator through a first OPGW optical fiber, a third port of the first circulator is connected with a first filter through an optical fiber, the first filter is connected with a first analyzer through an optical fiber, the first analyzer is connected with a first photoelectric detector through an optical fiber, and the first photoelectric detector is connected with a high-speed acquisition card through a coaxial cable;
the second light source is connected with a first port of a second circulator through an optical fiber, a third port of the second circulator is connected with a second filter through the optical fiber, the second filter is connected with a second polarization analyzer through the optical fiber, the second polarization analyzer is connected with a second photoelectric detector through a second OPGW optical fiber, and the second photoelectric detector is connected with the high-speed acquisition card through a coaxial cable;
the high-speed acquisition card is connected with an upper computer;
the first light source emits a direct current optical signal with a first wavelength, the second light source emits a direct current optical signal with a second wavelength, and the first wavelength is different from the second wavelength.
In one embodiment of the invention, a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier is arranged between the first light source and the first port of the first circulator, the first light source is connected with the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier through an optical fiber, and the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected with the first port of the first circulator through an optical fiber.
In one embodiment of the invention, a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier is arranged between the second light source and the first port of the second circulator, the second light source is connected with the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier through an optical fiber, and the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected with the first port of the second circulator through an optical fiber.
In one embodiment of the invention, the high-speed acquisition card is installed on an upper computer and is respectively connected with the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector by coaxial cables through different acquisition ports.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first host and the second host are respectively deployed in different substations at two ends of the OPGW.
In an embodiment of the invention, the high-speed acquisition card is used for converting the light intensity analog electric signals detected by the first photodetector and the second photodetector into digital signals, and then transmitting the digital signals to the upper computer for processing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first filter may pass the optical signal with the second wavelength and is configured to filter back-scattered light of the optical signal with the first wavelength in the first OPGW optical fiber, and the second filter may pass the optical signal with the first wavelength and is configured to filter back-scattered light of the optical signal with the second wavelength in the first OPGW optical fiber.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first light source and the second light source are both laser direct current light sources.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first filter and the second filter are each replaced by a wavelength division multiplexer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a positioning method based on the space division multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning positioning system, comprising:
measuring by upper computer to obtain the polarization state change time difference t of two beams of light with the first wavelength and the second wavelength according to the distance formula L-Lx+L-Lx= c × t, yielding Lx=L-c*t/2；
Wherein L is the distance between the first host and the second host, LxThe total optical path of the light signal with the first wavelength, which is the distance between the lightning position and the first host, and the light signal with the first wavelength, which is transmitted to the second photoelectric detector after the polarization state is changed, is L-Lx+ L, the total optical path length of the optical signal with the second wavelength, which is transmitted after the polarization state change and reaches the first photodetector, is LxAnd c is the propagation speed of light in the optical fiber.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the optical fiber polarization sensing lightning positioning system based on space division multiplexing saves a time synchronization system and eliminates time synchronization errors. The transformer substations at the two ends of the power transmission line are only required to be provided with the detection host to detect the polarization state change of the optical signal, and additional sensors and communication devices are not required to be arranged, so that the cost of the lightning positioning scheme can be greatly reduced;
(2) the invention is a realization scheme of a double-end method, two paths of optical signals in the double-end method are mutually independent, so that signal overlapping and submerging in a single-end method do not exist, and lightning positioning can be carried out on the whole power transmission line. Compared with a single-end method, the method has no measurement dead zone and can cover the whole line;
(3) compared with a single-end method, the method does not use a delay optical fiber, and can prolong the measurement distance. Since the optical signal gradually attenuates as the propagation distance increases while propagating on the OPGW, the propagation distance of the optical signal needs to be limited to guarantee the communication quality. In the single-ended method, optical signals need to be transmitted back and forth on a line, so that the measurement coverage distance is reduced; in the double-end method, the polarized light signal only needs to be transmitted from one end to the other end, and compared with the single-end method, the attenuation is smaller, so that the measuring distance is longer;
(4) the invention also enables more accurate positioning because no delay fiber is used. In the single-end method, a delay optical fiber is needed to distinguish signals at two ends, and the use of the delay optical fiber can increase interference factors in the optical signal propagation process, so that the positioning error is increased, but the double-end method does not need the delay optical fiber, so that the positioning precision is higher;
(5) according to the invention, the host machines at two ends are provided with the backward scattering light filters for the light signals with different wavelengths, so that the backward scattering light of two beams of light signals with different wavelengths can be prevented from polluting the polarized light signal input of the forward light, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the input signal with double-end polarization detection is improved;
(6) the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers are arranged at the light sources at the two ends and used for amplifying the optical signals emitted by the light sources, so that the detection error caused by the attenuation of the optical signals in the transmission process is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a scheme for realizing single-ended lightning location based on OPGW light polarization state in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a situation in which signals on the side and the opposite side overlap during a single-ended ranging process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber polarization sensing lightning location system based on space division multiplexing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical signal propagation path after a lightning occurs in the lightning location system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical fiber polarization sensing lightning location system based on space division multiplexing in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The positioning method based on optical fiber polarization sensing generally comprises a double-end method and a single-end method. Two paths of signals of the double-end method are mutually independent, signal measuring devices are arranged at two ends of a line, and fault positioning is realized through time difference when fault traveling waves respectively reach the two ends. Compared with the single-ended method, the double-ended method has no measurement dead zone, but the double-ended method has extremely high requirements on time synchronization of the two-ended measurement devices, otherwise, a large error is generated.
In order to solve the problem that a time synchronization system is needed in a double-ended method, the traditional double-ended method is improved. The two laser light sources still send out polarized light signals from the two ends of the OPGW sensing line, and the lightning position is positioned based on the fact that the time for the signals sent out from the two ends to reach the signal measuring device at the same end is different after the polarization state changes.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the present invention provides an optical fiber polarization sensing lightning location system based on space division multiplexing, which includes a first host and a second host, where the first host and the second host are connected by an OPGW and are generally respectively deployed in different substations at two ends of the OPGW.
Wherein, the first host computer includes: the device comprises an upper computer, a high-speed acquisition card, a first light source, a first circulator, a first filter, a first analyzer, a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector; the second host comprises a second light source, a second circulator, a second filter and a second analyzer;
the first light source is connected with a first port of a first circulator through an optical fiber, a second port of the first circulator is connected with a second port of a second circulator through a first OPGW optical fiber, a third port of the first circulator is connected with a first filter through an optical fiber, the first filter is connected with a first analyzer through an optical fiber, the first analyzer is connected with a first photoelectric detector through an optical fiber, and the first photoelectric detector is connected with a high-speed acquisition card through a coaxial cable;
the second light source is connected with a first port of a second circulator through an optical fiber, a third port of the second circulator is connected with a second filter through the optical fiber, the second filter is connected with a second polarization analyzer through the optical fiber, the second polarization analyzer is connected with a second photoelectric detector through a second OPGW optical fiber, and the second photoelectric detector is connected with the high-speed acquisition card through a coaxial cable;
the high-speed acquisition card is connected with an upper computer;
the first light source emits a direct current optical signal with a first wavelength, the second light source emits a direct current optical signal with a second wavelength, and the first wavelength is different from the second wavelength.
The principles of the present invention are described below with reference to fig. 3. A first light source emits a direct current optical signal with a first wavelength, the optical signal with the first wavelength is input through a first port 11 of a first circulator, is output from a second port 12 of the first circulator, then enters a first OPGW optical fiber, is input from a second port 22 of a second circulator, is output from a third port 23 of the second circulator, and enters a second filter; further, the optical signal of the first wavelength output from the second port 12 of the first circulator and entering the first OPGW optical fiber generates backward rayleigh scattered light in the first OPGW optical fiber, and is input from the second port 12 of the first circulator, output from the third port 13 of the first circulator, and enters the first filter;
the second light source emits a direct current optical signal with a second wavelength, the optical signal with the second wavelength is input through a first port 21 of the second circulator, is output from a second port 22 of the second circulator, then enters the first OPGW optical fiber, then is input from a second port 12 of the first circulator, is output from a third port 13 of the first circulator, and enters the first filter; in addition, the optical signal of the second wavelength output from the second port 22 of the second circulator and entering the first OPGW optical fiber generates backward rayleigh scattered light in the first OPGW optical fiber, and is input from the second port 22 of the second circulator, output from the third port 23 of the second circulator, and enters the second filter;
thus, the forward optical signal of the second wavelength and the backward rayleigh scattered optical signal of the first wavelength are received at the first filter, and the forward optical signal of the first wavelength and the backward rayleigh scattered optical signal of the second wavelength are received at the second filter. We filter out the backward rayleigh scattered light signal of the first wavelength at a first filter and the backward rayleigh scattered light signal of the second wavelength at a second filter; that is, the first filter may pass through the optical signal with the second wavelength and be configured to filter the backscattered light of the optical signal with the first wavelength in the first OPGW optical fiber, and the second filter may pass through the optical signal with the first wavelength and be configured to filter the backscattered light of the optical signal with the second wavelength in the first OPGW optical fiber.
Such that only forward optical signals at the second wavelength are received at the first analyzer, and only forward optical signals at the first wavelength are received at the second analyzer; when vibration occurs in the OPGW fiber, the polarization state of the optical signal is changed. Due to the change of the polarization state, the light intensity of the optical signal after passing through the first analyzer and the second analyzer changes, so that two photoelectric detectors for detecting the light intensity are respectively arranged behind the first analyzer and the second analyzer. The two photodetectors are connected to a high-speed acquisition card. The analog electric signal is converted into a digital signal by a high-speed acquisition card and then transmitted to an upper computer for processing.
It can be seen from fig. 4 that, assuming that the distance between the two hosts (i.e. the length of the first OPGW optical fiber or the second OPGW optical fiber, which are generally equal to each other) is L, the distance between the lightning location (i.e. the location where the disturbance occurs) and the location of the first host is LxThe total optical path length L-L of the optical signal with the first wavelength (indicated by the dotted arrow) propagating to the second photodetector after the polarization state changesx+ L, the total optical path length L of the optical signal of the second wavelength (shown by the solid arrow) propagating to the first photodetector after the polarization state changex(ii) a Measuring the polarization state change time difference t of two beams of light with the first wavelength and the second wavelength by a signal processing computer, and obtaining the time difference by a distance formula L-Lx+L-LxL can be obtained by = c × txL-c t/2, c is the propagation speed of light in the fiber;
it should be noted that, in general, the first OPGW fiber and the second OPGW fiber should be arranged in parallel, and the lengths of the two should be equal (or closer). It may be two different OPGW optical cables or two OPGW optical fibers in the same OPGW optical cable.
In order to implement the filtering of the optical signals of the first wavelength and the second wavelength at the first filter and the second filter respectively, the first wavelength and the second wavelength need to be different, and generally, the wavelength interval between the first wavelength and the second wavelength should be enough for the filtering to be implemented by the filters, but the wavelength interval between the first wavelength and the second wavelength should not be too large so as to cause a large difference in attenuation of the light of the two wavelengths during transmission, which may cause a detection error.
For example, in the present invention, the first wavelength is 1550nm and the second wavelength is 1548 nm. In order to ensure the light intensity, a laser light source is generally used as the light source. And for continuous detection, the light source used in the present invention is a direct current light source. Generally, a filter or a wavelength division multiplexer can be used for filtering.
For the sensing optical signal transmitted on the long-distance OPGW line, especially the optical signal emitted by the first light source needs to be folded back to the first host, which needs to go through twice a single pass of the OPGW optical fiber, the optical signal may be weakened to be undetectable at the end or the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low, and the optical signal needs to be amplified by the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
Therefore, since the distance between the two hosts is generally long, in order to prevent the detection error caused by the attenuation of the optical signal, as shown in fig. 5, a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier is also connected in series between the first optical source and the first port of the first circulator for amplifying the optical signal emitted by the first optical source, and a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier is also connected in series between the second optical source and the first port of the second circulator for amplifying the optical signal emitted by the second optical source.
Preferably, the amplification of the first erbium doped fiber amplifier can be set to twice that of the second erbium doped fiber amplifier, since the optical signal emitted by the first optical source needs to be folded back to the first host, which needs to go through twice as much OPGW fiber single pass, while the second optical source needs to go to the first host only through one time OPGW fiber single pass. Generally, the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier is necessarily arranged more than the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an optic fibre polarization sensing thunder and lightning positioning system based on space division multiplexing, its characterized in that includes first host computer and second host computer, and first host computer links to each other with compound overhead earth wire of optic fibre (OPGW) with the second host computer, wherein:
the first host includes: the device comprises an upper computer, a high-speed acquisition card, a first light source, a first circulator, a first filter, a first analyzer, a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector; the second host comprises a second light source, a second circulator, a second filter and a second analyzer;
the first light source is connected with a first port of a first circulator through an optical fiber, a second port of the first circulator is connected with a second port of a second circulator through a first OPGW optical fiber, a third port of the first circulator is connected with a first filter through an optical fiber, the first filter is connected with a first analyzer through an optical fiber, the first analyzer is connected with a first photoelectric detector through an optical fiber, and the first photoelectric detector is connected with a high-speed acquisition card through a coaxial cable;
the second light source is connected with a first port of a second circulator through an optical fiber, a third port of the second circulator is connected with a second filter through the optical fiber, the second filter is connected with a second polarization analyzer through the optical fiber, the second polarization analyzer is connected with a second photoelectric detector through a second OPGW optical fiber, and the second photoelectric detector is connected with the high-speed acquisition card through a coaxial cable; the high-speed acquisition card is connected with an upper computer;
the first light source emits a direct current optical signal with a first wavelength, the second light source emits a direct current optical signal with a second wavelength, and the first wavelength is different from the second wavelength.
2. The space division multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning location system of claim 1, wherein a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier is further arranged between the first light source and the first port of the first circulator, the first light source is connected with the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier through an optical fiber, and the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected with the first port of the first circulator through an optical fiber.
3. The spatial multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning location system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier is further arranged between the second light source and the first port of the second circulator, the second light source is connected with the second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier through an optical fiber, and the second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier is connected with the first port of the second circulator through an optical fiber.
4. The space division multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning location system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-speed acquisition card is mounted on an upper computer and connected with the first photodetector and the second photodetector by coaxial cables with different acquisition ports, respectively.
5. The space division multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning location system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first host and the second host are respectively deployed at different substations at both ends of the OPGW.
6. The lightning location system based on space division multiplexing optical fiber polarization sensing of claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-speed acquisition card is used for converting the optical intensity analog electric signals detected by the first photodetector and the second photodetector into digital signals and then transmitting the digital signals to an upper computer for processing.
7. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first filter is capable of passing the optical signal with the second wavelength to filter the backscattered light of the optical signal with the first wavelength in the first OPGW optical fiber, and the second filter is capable of passing the optical signal with the first wavelength to filter the backscattered light of the optical signal with the second wavelength in the first OPGW optical fiber.
8. The space division multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning location system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first light source and the second light source are both laser direct current light sources.
9. The space division multiplexing based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning location system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first filter and the second filter are each replaced with a wavelength division multiplexer.
10. A positioning method based on the space division multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization sensing lightning positioning system of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that:
measuring by upper computer to obtain the polarization state change time difference t of two beams of light with the first wavelength and the second wavelength according to the distance formula L-Lx+L-Lx= c × t, yielding Lx=L-c*t/2；
Wherein L is the distance between the first host and the second host, LxThe total optical path of the light signal with the first wavelength, which is the distance between the lightning position and the first host, and the light signal with the first wavelength, which is transmitted to the second photoelectric detector after the polarization state is changed, is L-Lx+ L, the total optical path length of the optical signal with the second wavelength, which is transmitted after the polarization state change and reaches the first photodetector, is LxAnd c is the propagation speed of light in the optical fiber.
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