CN114737277A - 一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法 - Google Patents
一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法，在装有离子液体的容器中加入粉碎好的甲壳素和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，在120℃油浴条件下搅拌溶解，直至形成透明胶液，透明胶液浓度为5‑25％，无分层无杂质，然后在‑0.95MPa的环境下真空脱泡制得纺丝胶液；本发明能够同时将维尼纶和甲壳素溶解在同一离子液体中，很好地解决了甲壳素与维尼纶共混制胶难题，极大的降低了生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺丝工程技术领域，尤其涉及一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法。
背景技术
甲壳质是一种线性多糖类生物高分子，广泛存在于昆虫类、水生甲壳类的外壳和海藻的细胞壁中，如蟹、虾、觥鱼骨、蛋壳、蜂螂、真菌等,其蕴藏量仅次于植物纤维。脱乙酰甲壳质又称甲壳胺，分子结构中带有不饱和的阳离子基团，因而它对带有负电荷的各类有害物质、有害细菌具有强大的吸附作用，这样它就能对有害细菌的活动进行抑制，使其失去活性，从而达到抗菌的目的。既具有类似植物纤维的结构，又具有与人体骨胶原组织相似的结构，与人体有很好的相容性，可以被人体的溶菌酶分解吸收,对人体受损的细胞进行修复和活化，从而有很好的医学特性。，甲壳素纤维可分为两大类，一类为甲壳质纤维，原料为甲壳质；另一类为甲壳胺纤维，原料为甲壳质碱解生产的脱乙酰甲壳质，或称壳聚糖。纤维生产一般要经过两步,第一步是将虾蟹壳经稀盐酸脱钙再经碱脱蛋白质后制成甲壳质，如果经碱进一步对甲壳质处理即可制成壳聚糖；第二步是将甲壳质或壳聚糖经过一定的溶解,喷丝凝固等过程即可制成纤维。
甲壳素纤维主要有如下功能：(1)增强免疫力作用；(2)保湿性；(3)促进皮肤再生作用；(4)通过活化人体抗菌酶、溶解酵素，促进新陈代谢；(5)抗酶作用；(6)、抑制细菌繁殖作用；(7)除臭性；(8)防止静电。所以甲壳素纤维可制成各种抑菌防臭的保健纺织品。甲壳素溶液可纺制成纤维,用于可吸收手术缝合线和人造皮肤等领域，或用于“透皮作用活化细胞、促进新陈代谢和增强免疫力、抗菌排毒、减肥降脂、延缓衰老”的“药敷原理”保健内衣等。但是，纯甲壳素纤维缺乏纺织后加工所需要的物理机械性能，成本很高，价格昂贵，普及应用受到限制。采用与其它材料共混的方法可制得性能优异的复合纤维，但是共混制胶困难，怎样解决甲壳素与其它材料共混制胶，成为长期以来难以解决的技术难题。
鉴于上述原因，现研发出一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法，能够同时将维尼纶和甲壳素溶解在同一离子液体中，很好地解决了甲壳素与维尼纶共混制胶难题，极大的降低了生产成本。
本发明为了实现上述目的，采用如下技术方案：一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法，在装有离子液体的容器中加入粉碎好的甲壳素和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，在120℃油浴条件下搅拌溶解，直至形成透明胶液，透明胶液浓度为5-25％，无分层无杂质，然后在-0.95MPa的环境下真空脱泡制得纺丝胶液。
所述的甲壳素的粒径范围在100-800目，分子量15～50万,脱乙酰度为10～95％。
所述的离子液体为二烷基咪唑磷酸酯类、二烷基咪唑醋酸类、二烷基咪唑氯类。
所述的二烷基咪唑磷酸酯类、二烷基咪唑醋酸类、二烷基咪唑氯类，具体为1,3-二乙基咪唑磷酸二乙酯，1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯，1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯，1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑磷酸二乙酯，1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯，1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯，1,3-二甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯，1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑磷酸二丁酯，三乙基甲基磷酸二甲酯，1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐中的一种。
所述的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛为维尼纶。
本发明的有益效果是：聚乙烯醇缩丁醛为维尼纶的下脚料或废弃的维尼纶制品，本发明能够同时将维尼纶和甲壳素溶解在同一离子液体中，很好地解决了甲壳素与维尼纶共混制胶难题，极大的降低了生产成本。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明：
实施例1
称取粉碎至300目的甲壳素原料5g，维尼纶10g加入到装有100g的1,3-二乙基咪唑磷酸二乙酯的容器中，在120℃油浴条件下搅拌溶解，直至形成透明胶液，透明胶液浓度为5-25％，无分层无杂质，然后在-0.95MPa的环境下真空脱泡制得纺丝胶液。
实施例2
称取粉碎至400目的甲壳素原料4g，维尼纶12g加入到装有100g的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯的容器中，在120℃油浴条件下搅拌溶解，直至形成透明胶液，透明胶液浓度为5-25％，无分层无杂质，然后在-0.95MPa的环境下真空脱泡制得纺丝胶液。
实施例3
称取粉碎至500目的甲壳素原料6g，维尼纶13g加入到装有100g的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯的容器中，在120℃油浴条件下搅拌溶解，直至形成透明胶液，透明胶液浓度为5-25％，无分层无杂质，然后在-0.95MPa的环境下真空脱泡制得纺丝胶液。
实施例4
称取粉碎至600目的甲壳素原料7g，维尼纶14g加入到装有100g的1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑磷酸二乙酯的容器中，在120℃油浴条件下搅拌溶解，直至形成透明胶液，透明胶液浓度为5-25％，无分层无杂质，然后在-0.95MPa的环境下真空脱泡制得纺丝胶液。
实施例5
称取粉碎至700目的甲壳素原料8g，维尼纶15g加入到装有100g的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯的容器中，在120℃油浴条件下搅拌溶解，直至形成透明胶液，透明胶液浓度为5-25％，无分层无杂质，然后在-0.95MPa的环境下真空脱泡制得纺丝胶液。
实施例6
称取粉碎至800目的甲壳素原料9g，维尼纶16g加入到装有100g的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯的容器中，在120℃油浴条件下搅拌溶解，直至形成透明胶液，透明胶液浓度为5-25％，无分层无杂质，然后在-0.95MPa的环境下真空脱泡制得纺丝胶液。
Claims (5)
1.一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法，其特征在于：在装有离子液体的容器中加入粉碎好的甲壳素和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，在120℃油浴条件下搅拌溶解，直至形成透明胶液，透明胶液浓度为5-25％，无分层无杂质，然后在-0.95MPa的环境下真空脱泡制得纺丝胶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法，其特征在于：所述的甲壳素的粒径范围在100-800目，分子量15～50万,脱乙酰度为10～95％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法，其特征在于：所述的离子液体为二烷基咪唑磷酸酯类、二烷基咪唑醋酸类、二烷基咪唑氯类。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法，其特征在于：所述的二烷基咪唑磷酸酯类、二烷基咪唑醋酸类、二烷基咪唑氯类，具体为1,3-二乙基咪唑磷酸二乙酯，1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯，1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯，1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑磷酸二乙酯，1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯，1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯，1,3-二甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯，1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑磷酸二丁酯，三乙基甲基磷酸二甲酯，1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种离子液体溶解甲壳素及维尼纶纤维的制胶方法，其特征在于：所述的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛为维尼纶。
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| JP2009179913A (ja) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-13 | Kri Inc | セルロースおよびキチンの微細繊維の製造方法 |
| CN101748499A (zh) * | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-23 | 中国纺织科学研究院 | 一种甲壳素纤维及其制备方法 |
| CN101748503A (zh) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-23 | 中国纺织科学研究院 | 一种以离子液体为溶剂制备甲壳素/腈纶复合纤维的方法 |
| CN103451770A (zh) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-18 | 东华大学 | 一种绿色低碳阻燃假发纤维的制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2009179913A (ja) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-13 | Kri Inc | セルロースおよびキチンの微細繊維の製造方法 |
| CN101748499A (zh) * | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-23 | 中国纺织科学研究院 | 一种甲壳素纤维及其制备方法 |
| CN101748503A (zh) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-23 | 中国纺织科学研究院 | 一种以离子液体为溶剂制备甲壳素/腈纶复合纤维的方法 |
| CN103451770A (zh) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-18 | 东华大学 | 一种绿色低碳阻燃假发纤维的制备方法 |
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