CN114737023A - Slag system for preparing low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot and smelting method - Google Patents
Slag system for preparing low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot and smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a slag system for preparing low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingots and a smelting method thereof, wherein the slag system for preparing the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingots comprises CaF (calcium fluoride) in percentage by mass2：50‑60％，CaO：5‑20％，Al2O3：15‑25％，MgO：3‑7％。SiO2: 1-3% and B2O3: 1 to 3 percent. The invention is designed according to 6-2-2 slag system basically, the melting point is lower, the energy consumption is lower, the capacities of desulfuration and impurity adsorption are stronger, the slag resistance is moderate, the MgO content is 3-7%, the melting point of the slag system is less increased, and an oxide film, SiO, can be formed on the slag surface in the electroslag remelting process2The content of 1-3 percent can ensure that the slag crust has good plasticity and has the function of controlling aluminum, B2O3The content of the slag is 1-3 percent, the burning loss of B in the smelting process can be avoided, and the slag system is suitable for being prepared to be low under the non-atmosphere protection conditionElectroslag steel ingot of silicon, low-aluminium and boron-containing steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electroslag remelting, and particularly relates to a slag system for preparing electroslag steel ingots of silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel and a smelting method.
Background
The low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel is used as a key part of a new generation of ultra-supercritical unit, the steam temperature can be increased from 600 ℃ of the supercritical state to 625 ℃, the power generation efficiency is improved by about 5%, and the carbon dioxide emission is reduced by about 10%. In order to control the content of elements such as Si, Al and B in steel to meet technical requirements, the electroslag remelting difficulty of low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel is extremely high. At present, enterprises such as JSW and JCFC in Japan, the Douchan engineering in Korea, FOMAS in Italy and Sael in Germany adopt a fully-closed atmosphere protection electroslag furnace to produce low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel, but the technology is not mature and has the problem of high rejection rate. Most of domestic electroslag furnaces are non-atmosphere protection electroslag furnaces, and the burning loss control difficulty of B in the existing electroslag remelting slag system is large, the burning loss of B cannot be fully controlled in the electroslag remelting process, and the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel meeting the requirements is difficult to prepare. Therefore, a slag system capable of preparing low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag ingots under the non-atmosphere protection condition is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a slag system capable of preparing low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingots under the non-atmosphere protection condition.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a slag system for preparing low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingots, which comprises CaF (calcium fluoride) in percentage by mass2：50-60％，CaO：5-20％，Al2O3：15-25％，MgO：3-7％，SiO2: 1-3% and B2O3：1-3％。
Preferably, the preparation is low-silicon, low-aluminum,The slag system of the boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot comprises CaF (calcium fluoride) in percentage by mass2：50-60％，CaO：5-20％，Al2O3：15-25％，MgO：5％，SiO2: 2% and B2O3：1％。
Preferably, the melting point of the slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot is 1200-1300 ℃.
The invention is prepared by mixing CaF2CaO and Al2O3Basically according to the design of a 6-2-2 slag system, the melting point of the slag system is lower, the energy consumption in the smelting process is lower, the capacities of desulfuration and impurity adsorption are stronger, the slag resistance is moderate, the economy is better, in addition, the MgO content is 3-7 percent, the melting point of the slag system can be ensured not to be obviously increased, a layer of compact oxidation film can be formed on the slag surface in the electroslag remelting process, and therefore a large amount of gases such as H, O, N and the like are prevented from being absorbed by a slag pool, and SiO2The content is controlled to be 1-3 percent, the slag crust can have good plasticity and the function of controlling aluminum, B2O3The content is controlled to be 1-3%, so that B burning loss in the smelting process can be avoided, and low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel with proper B content can be obtained; the slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot is suitable for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot under the non-atmosphere protection condition.
The invention also aims to provide a smelting method for preparing the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag ingot, which is characterized in that the slag system for preparing the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel is smelted in the atmosphere, the smelting process comprises a normal remelting period, and deoxidizing agents are used for deoxidizing in the normal remelting period, wherein the deoxidizing agents comprise aluminum particles, silicon calcium particles and metal calcium particles.
Preferably, in the normal remelting period, the addition amount of the aluminum particles is 600-g/t, the addition amount of the silicon-calcium particles is 500-2000g/t, and the addition amount of the metal calcium particles is 1000-5000 g/t.
Preferably, the deoxidizer is added in portions at a period of 5 min.
Preferably, the addition amount of the deoxidizer is adjusted according to the size of the ingot shape of the steel ingot, the filling ratio and the content of unstable oxides in slag.
Preferably, the metal calcium particles are vacuum-packed using aluminum foil paper.
Preferably, in the normal remelting period, the melting speed is controlled by adopting constant melting speed descending power.
Preferably, the smelting method for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel is suitable for smelting 3-120t of low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingots
According to the invention, smelting is carried out in an atmosphere, and oxygen added in the smelting process, and oxygen in an electrode and slag charge are removed by adding a deoxidizer, so that the control of components is ensured within a material requirement range, the burning loss of elements such as B, Mn and Cr in the smelting process is avoided, and the problem that the smelting is difficult to carry out and even safety accidents occur due to the gradual rise of the oxygen content in molten steel during smelting is also avoided; the deoxidizer comprises aluminum particles, silicon calcium particles and metal calcium particles, because the deoxidizer produced after the metal calcium particles are added is calcium oxide, the influence on the components of the electroslag steel ingot is small, and the aluminum and the silicon are strong oxidizers, the deoxidizer can meet the requirements of the electroslag steel ingot with low silicon, low aluminum and boron-containing steel while ensuring the deoxidizing capacity.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a smelting method for preparing low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag ingots according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below.
It should be noted that the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict. The terms "comprising," "including," "containing," and "having" are intended to be inclusive, i.e., that additional steps and other ingredients may be added without affecting the result. The above terms encompass the terms "consisting of … …" and "consisting essentially of … …". Materials, equipment and reagents are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The embodiment of the invention provides a slag system for preparing low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingots, which comprises hundred mass percentCaF of percentage meter2：50-60％，CaO：5-20％，Al2O3：15-25％，MgO：3-7％，SiO2: 1-3% and B2O3：1-3％。
By mixing CaF2CaO and Al2O3Essentially according to 6-2-2 slag line (i.e., CaF)2CaO and Al2O3The ratio of (A) to (B) is 6: 2: 2) the design ensures that the melting point of the slag system is lower, the energy consumption in the smelting process is lower, the capabilities of desulfuration and impurity adsorption are stronger, the slag resistance is moderate, the economy is better, in addition, the MgO content is 3-7 percent, the melting point of the slag system can not be obviously increased, and a layer of compact oxidation film can be formed on the slag surface in the smelting process, thereby preventing a slag pool from absorbing a large amount of gases such as H, O, N and the like, and SiO2The content is controlled to be 1-3 percent, the slag crust can have good plasticity and the function of controlling aluminum, B2O3The content is controlled to be 1-3%, so that the burning loss of B in the smelting process can be avoided, and the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot with proper B content can be obtained.
Preferably, the slag system for preparing the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot comprises CaF (calcium fluoride) in percentage by mass2：50-60％，CaO：5-20％，Al2O3：15-25％，MgO：5％，SiO2: 2% and B2O3: 1 percent. Namely CaF2CaO and Al2O3Adding 5 percent of MgO and SiO according to the requirement of 6-2-2 slag system2Is 2%; b is2O3Is 1%.
Wherein the melting point of the slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot is 1200-1300 ℃. Because the 6-2-2 slag system is used as a basis, the obtained slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot has lower melting point, reduces the electroslag remelting difficulty, saves energy consumption and has better economy.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a smelting method for preparing a low-silicon, low-aluminum, boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot, wherein the slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum, boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot is smelted in an atmospheric atmosphere, the smelting process includes a normal remelting period, and deoxidizing agents are used in the normal remelting period to perform deoxidation, wherein the deoxidizing agents include aluminum particles, silicon calcium particles, and metal calcium particles.
Because the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel has strict requirements on the contents of Si, Al and B, wherein the content of Si is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, the content of Al is less than or equal to 0.01 percent and the content of B is 0.008 to 0.011 percent, in the prior art, enterprises such as Japan JSW and JCFC, Korea fighting mountain, Italy FOMAS, Germany Sal and the like adopt a fully-closed atmosphere protection electroslag furnace to produce the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel, but the technology is not mature, a certain rejection rate exists, while the domestic large electroslag furnace is basically a non-gas protection electroslag furnace, the difficulty in obtaining the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel by an electroslag remelting smelting method in a non-protection atmosphere is great, and the domestic production process of the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel is restricted.
The smelting method for preparing the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for preparing the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot by adopting the electroslag remelting slag system in a non-protective atmosphere, and mainly avoids the influence caused by oxygen in air by adopting a deoxidizing agent deoxidizing mode in the electroslag remelting process; because the contents of silicon and aluminum in the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot are very low, if no deoxidizing agent is added in the remelting process, elements such as B, Mn and Cr can be burnt, and the oxygen content in molten steel is higher and higher, so that remelting is difficult to carry out, and even safety accidents occur; in the prior art, the commonly used deoxidizer is aluminum and silicon calcium particles, but the addition amount of the deoxidizer is related to the balance of oxygen in electric slag, molten steel and atmosphere, the excessive addition can cause the excessive silicon and aluminum content, and the lower addition can cause the excessive oxygen content and the burning loss of B element; the deoxidizer in the embodiment of the invention comprises aluminum particles, silicon calcium particles and metal calcium particles, because deoxidizer generated after the metal calcium particles are used for deoxidation is calcium oxide, the influence on the components of the steel ingot is small, but because the metal calcium particles are easy to be oxidized, the addition amount is difficult to control, and the aluminum particles and the silicon calcium particles are strong oxidizers, after the metal calcium particles, the aluminum particles and the silicon calcium particles are combined into the deoxidizer, the purpose of deoxidation can be ensured, the influence of the addition of the deoxidizer on the components in the steel ingot can also be reduced, and the steel ingot with low silicon, low aluminum and boron content meeting the requirements can be obtained.
Specifically, the smelting method for preparing a low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag ingot provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
step S1, raw material preparation: preparing an electrode meeting the requirements, gas-cutting an electrode dead head and flattening the end face, then polishing the defects of iron scale, heavy scale, oil stain, scab and the like on the surface of the electrode, welding the electrode and a dummy electrode, preheating the end of the electrode to 400 ℃, preparing an electroslag remelting slag system according to the proportion, baking at the temperature of more than 700 ℃ for more than 12 hours, and preserving heat at the temperature of more than 500 ℃ for later use;
step S2, arc striking and slag melting period: melting and refining a slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot by using a graphite electrode, and adding a deoxidizing agent in two batches in the refining process for deoxidizing to reduce the oxygen content in slag;
step S3, normal remelting period: the method adopts a constant melting speed decreasing power control method to reasonably control the depth of a molten pool, so as to prevent the over-depth of the molten pool caused by the over-high melting speed, thereby causing the segregation of components, and also prevent the defects of slag channels and the like formed on the surface of an electroslag ingot caused by the over-low melting speed; wherein, deoxidizer composed of aluminum particles, silicon calcium particles and metal calcium particles is added simultaneously for deoxidation, the adding amount of the aluminum particles is 200-2000 g/t, the adding amount of the silicon calcium particles is 500-5000 g/t, and the adding amount of the metal calcium particles is 1000-5000 g/t;
step S4, feeding period: feeding is carried out by adopting a 'three feeding system', wherein the current is gradually reduced during feeding from the first section to the third section, the feeding time is sequentially increased, the feeding quality of the electroslag ingot is improved, the shrinkage cavity depth is reduced, the cutting amount of a riser is reduced, and the utilization rate of the electroslag ingot is improved;
step S5, demolding hot delivery period: and (4) demoulding after the mould is cooled, and immediately carrying out hot conveying and charging to obtain the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot.
The smelting method for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot provided by the embodiment of the invention is suitable for smelting 3-120t of low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot.
In step S2, the refining time is 30min, and a deoxidizer is added every 15min, wherein the addition amount of the deoxidizer is 0.1% of the weight of the electroslag remelting slag.
In step S3, adding the deoxidizer in batches according to the adding frequency of 5min, and controlling the melting speed according to 0.8 times of the diameter of the steel ingot, wherein the diameter of the steel ingot is in mm, and the melting speed is in kg/h, for example, when the diameter of the steel ingot is 1000mm, the melting speed is controlled at 800 kg/h; adjusting the addition amount of the deoxidizer according to the size and the filling ratio of the steel ingot model and the content of unstable oxides in the slag, wherein the larger the steel ingot model is, the larger the addition amount of the deoxidizer is, a slag sample is taken every two hours in a normal remelting period for component percentage content detection, and the dosage of the deoxidizer is adjusted according to the FeO + MnO content in the slag; the constant melting rate and decreasing power control method is a control method for gradually decreasing the heating power with the increase of the heating time in order to keep the melting rate constant.
In step S4, the "three feeding system" refers to feeding in three stages, including first stage feeding, second stage feeding, and third stage feeding, wherein the current is gradually decreased from the first stage feeding to the third stage feeding, and the feeding time is sequentially increased.
The metal calcium particles are vacuum-packed by using aluminum foil paper, the packing specification can be 50g or 100g, the metal calcium particles can be prevented from being oxidized before being put into use, and the deoxidation efficiency is improved.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following examples are examples of experimental procedures not specified under specific conditions, generally according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Example 1
The slag system for preparing the electroslag steel ingot of the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel comprises CaF according to the mass percentage2：55％，CaO：15％，Al2O3：22％，MgO：5％，SiO2：2％，B2O3: 1 percent; the ingot shape of the steel ingot is 10 t.
1.1, preparing an electrode meeting the requirements, gas-cutting a dead head of the electrode, flattening the end face, then polishing the defects of iron scale, heavy scale, oil stain, scab and the like on the surface of the electrode, welding the electrode and a dummy electrode, preheating the end of the electrode to 400 ℃, preparing an electroslag remelting slag system according to the proportion, baking the electrode at the temperature of over 700 ℃ for more than 12 hours, and then preserving heat at the temperature of over 500 ℃ for later use;
1.2, melting and refining a slag system for preparing low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingots by using a graphite electrode, and adding a deoxidizer in two batches in the refining process for deoxidation to reduce the oxygen content in the slag; wherein, the refining time is 30min, a deoxidizer is added every 15min, and the addition amount of the deoxidizer is 0.1 percent of the weight of the electroslag remelting slag;
1.3, a constant melting speed decreasing power control method is adopted, the depth of a molten pool is reasonably controlled, the phenomenon that the molten pool is too deep due to too high melting speed is prevented, so that the composition is segregated, and the defects that slag channels are formed on the surface of an electroslag ingot and the like due to too low melting speed are also prevented; wherein, deoxidizer composed of aluminum particles, silicon calcium particles and metal calcium particles is added simultaneously for deoxidation, the adding amount of the aluminum particles is 200-300g/t, the adding amount of the silicon calcium particles is 500-1000g/t, the adding amount of the metal calcium particles is 1000-2000g/t, and the deoxidizer is added in batches according to the adding frequency of 5 min;
1.4, feeding by adopting a three-feeding system, wherein the current is gradually reduced during the feeding period from the first section to the third section, the feeding time is sequentially increased, the feeding quality of the electroslag ingot is improved, the shrinkage cavity depth is reduced, the riser cutting amount is reduced, and the utilization rate of the electroslag ingot is improved;
and 1.5, demoulding after the mould is cooled, and immediately carrying out hot charging to obtain the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot.
Example 2
The slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot comprises CaF (calcium fluoride) in percentage by mass2：60％，CaO：12％，Al2O3：20％，MgO：3％，SiO2：2％，B2O3: 3 percent; the ingot shape of the steel ingot is 10 t.
2.1, preparing an electrode meeting the requirements, gas-cutting a dead head of the electrode and flattening the end face, then polishing the defects of iron scale, heavy scale, oil stain, scab and the like on the surface of the electrode, welding the electrode and a dummy electrode, preheating the end of the electrode to 400 ℃, preparing an electroslag remelting slag system according to the proportion, baking at the temperature of over 700 ℃ for more than 12 hours, and preserving heat at the temperature of over 500 ℃ for later use;
2.2, melting and refining a slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot by using a graphite electrode, and adding a deoxidizer in two batches in the refining process for deoxidation to reduce the oxygen content in the slag; wherein, the refining time is 30min, a deoxidizer is added every 15min, and the addition amount of the deoxidizer is 0.1 percent of the weight of the electroslag remelting slag;
2.3, a constant melting speed decreasing power control method is adopted, the depth of a molten pool is reasonably controlled, the phenomenon that the molten pool is too deep due to too high melting speed is prevented, so that the composition is segregated, and the defects that slag channels are formed on the surface of an electroslag ingot and the like due to too low melting speed are also prevented; wherein, deoxidizer composed of aluminum particles, silicon calcium particles and metal calcium particles is added simultaneously for deoxidation, the adding amount of the aluminum particles is 200-300g/t, the adding amount of the silicon calcium particles is 500-1000g/t, the adding amount of the metal calcium particles is 1000-2000g/t, and the deoxidizer is added in batches according to the adding frequency of 5 min;
2.4, feeding by adopting a three-feeding system, wherein the current is gradually reduced during the feeding period from the first section to the third section, the feeding time is sequentially increased, the feeding quality of the electroslag ingot is improved, the shrinkage depth is reduced, the cutting amount of a riser is reduced, and the utilization rate of the electroslag ingot is improved;
and 2.5, demoulding after the mould is cooled, and immediately carrying out hot feeding to obtain the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot.
Example 3
The slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot comprises CaF (calcium fluoride) in percentage by mass2：52％，CaO：15％，Al2O3：20％，MgO：7％，SiO2：3％，B2O3: 3 percent; the ingot shape of the steel ingot is 10 t.
3.1, preparing an electrode meeting the requirements, gas-cutting a dead head of the electrode, flattening the end face, then polishing the defects of oxidized iron sheet, heavy skin, oil stain, scab and the like on the surface of the electrode, welding the electrode and a dummy electrode, preheating the end of the electrode to 400 ℃, preparing an electroslag remelting slag system according to the proportion, baking at the temperature of over 700 ℃ for more than 12 hours, and preserving heat at the temperature of over 500 ℃ for later use;
3.2, melting and refining a slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot by using a graphite electrode, and adding a deoxidizer in two batches in the refining process for deoxidation to reduce the oxygen content in the slag; wherein, the refining time is 30min, a deoxidizer is added every 15min, and the addition amount of the deoxidizer is 0.1 percent of the weight of the electroslag remelting slag;
3.3, adopting a constant melting speed decreasing power control method, reasonably controlling the depth of a molten pool, preventing the molten pool from being too deep due to too high melting speed, so as to cause component segregation, and preventing the defects of slag channel formation and the like on the surface of an electroslag ingot caused by too low melting speed; wherein, deoxidizer composed of aluminum particles, silicon calcium particles and metal calcium particles is added simultaneously for deoxidation, the adding amount of the aluminum particles is 200-300g/t, the adding amount of the silicon calcium particles is 500-1000g/t, the adding amount of the metal calcium particles is 1000-2000g/t, and the deoxidizer is added in batches according to the adding frequency of 5 min;
3.4, feeding by adopting a three-feeding system, wherein the current is gradually reduced during the feeding period from the first section to the third section, the feeding time is sequentially increased, the feeding quality of the electroslag ingot is improved, the shrinkage depth is reduced, the cutting amount of a riser is reduced, and the utilization rate of the electroslag ingot is improved;
and 3.5, demoulding after the mould is cooled, and immediately carrying out hot feeding to obtain the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot.
Comparative example
The slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot comprises CaF (calcium fluoride) in percentage by mass2：65％，CaO：3％，Al2O3：25％，MgO：2％，SiO2：3％，B2O3: 4 percent, and the ingot shape of the steel ingot is 10 t.
4.1, preparing an electrode meeting the requirements, gas-cutting a dead head of the electrode, flattening the end face, then polishing the defects of oxidized iron sheet, heavy skin, oil stain, scab and the like on the surface of the electrode, welding the electrode and a dummy electrode, preheating the end of the electrode to 400 ℃, preparing an electroslag remelting slag system according to the proportion, baking at the temperature of over 700 ℃ for more than 12 hours, and preserving heat at the temperature of over 500 ℃ for later use;
4.2, melting and refining a slag system for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot by using a graphite electrode, and adding a deoxidizer in two batches in the refining process for deoxidation to reduce the oxygen content in the slag; wherein, the refining time is 30min, a deoxidizer is added every 15min, and the addition amount of the deoxidizer is 0.1 percent of that of the electroslag remelting slag system;
4.3, a constant melting speed decreasing power control method is adopted, the depth of a molten pool is reasonably controlled, the phenomenon that the molten pool is too deep due to too high melting speed is prevented, so that the composition is segregated, and the defects that slag channels are formed on the surface of an electroslag ingot and the like due to too low melting speed are also prevented; wherein, aluminum particles and silico-calcium powder are adopted for interval deoxidation, the adding amount of the aluminum particles is 240g/t and the adding amount of the silico-calcium powder is 1200g/t, and the deoxidizer is added in batches according to the adding frequency of 5 min;
4.4, feeding by adopting a three-feeding system, wherein the current is gradually reduced during the feeding period from the first section to the third section, the feeding time is sequentially increased, the feeding quality of the electroslag ingot is improved, the shrinkage cavity depth is reduced, the cutting amount of a riser is reduced, and the utilization rate of the electroslag ingot is improved;
and 4.5, demoulding after the mould is cooled, and immediately carrying out hot conveying and charging to obtain the electroslag steel ingot.
Examples of the experiments
The components of the nozzle and the riser in the electroslag steel ingot obtained in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example are detected and analyzed, the contents of Si, Al and B in the nozzle and the riser in the electroslag steel ingot obtained in the examples 1 to 3 are respectively less than or equal to 0.10%, less than or equal to 0.01% and within the range of 0.008% to 0.011%, wherein the contents of Si, Al and B in the nozzle and the riser in the electroslag steel ingot obtained in the example 1 are respectively 0.06%, 0.008% and 0.011%, 0.01% and 0.002% and 0.009%, and all meet the technical requirements of low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel, and after forging, post-forging, tempering and the like, qualified FB2 product can be produced, wherein, FB2 is a novel 9% martensitic heat-resistant steel with the B content of about 100ppm, and can be used for manufacturing the ultra-supercritical machine set rotor; the Si and Al contents in the nozzle and riser components of the electroslag steel ingot obtained in the comparative example meet the requirements, but the B content in the nozzle is 0.011 percent, the B content in the riser is 0.005 percent, and the B content in the riser is lower than the process requirement. The main reason is that in the comparative example, the burning loss of B cannot be fully controlled in the electroslag remelting process due to the selection of a slag system and the use of a deoxidizer, so that the problem of low content of B in the riser is caused.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A slag system for preparing low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag ingots is characterized by comprising CaF (calcium fluoride) in percentage by mass2：50-60％，CaO：5-20％，Al2O3：15-25％，MgO：3-7％，SiO2: 1-3% and B2O3：1-3％。
2. Slag system for producing low-silicon, low-aluminum, boron-containing steel electroslag ingots according to claim 1, comprising CaF in mass percentage2：50-60％，CaO：5-20％，Al2O3：15-25％，MgO：5％，SiO2: 2% and B2O3：1％。
3. The slag system for preparing the electroslag steel ingot with low silicon, low aluminum and boron-containing steel as claimed in claim 1 has a melting point of 1200-1300 ℃.
4. A smelting method for producing a low-silicon, low-aluminum, boron-containing steel electroslag ingot, characterized in that the slag system for producing a low-silicon, low-aluminum, boron-containing steel electroslag ingot according to any one of claims 1-3 is smelted in an atmospheric atmosphere, the smelting process comprises a normal remelting period in which deoxidation is carried out using a deoxidant, wherein the deoxidant comprises aluminum grains, silicon calcium grains and metal calcium grains.
5. The smelting method for preparing the electroslag steel ingot with low silicon, low aluminum and boron-containing steel as claimed in claim 4, wherein the adding amount of the aluminum particles is 200-600g/t, the adding amount of the silicon-calcium particles is 500-2000g/t and the adding amount of the metal-calcium particles is 1000-5000g/t in the normal remelting period.
6. A smelting method for producing a low-silicon, low-aluminum, boron-containing steel electroslag ingot according to claim 5, wherein the deoxidizer is added in portions at a period of 5 min.
7. A smelting method for producing a low-silicon, low-aluminum, boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot according to claim 5, wherein the amount of the deoxidizer added is adjusted according to the ingot size, the filling ratio, and the content of unstable oxides in the slag.
8. The smelting method for preparing the low-silicon low-aluminum boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot according to claim 4, wherein the metal calcium particles are vacuum-packed by using aluminum foil paper.
9. A smelting process for making a low-silicon, low-aluminum, boron-containing steel electroslag ingot according to claim 4, wherein during the normal remelting period, the melting rate is controlled using a constant melting rate decreasing power.
10. The smelting method for preparing the low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot according to claim 4, wherein the method is suitable for smelting 3-120t of low-silicon, low-aluminum and boron-containing steel electroslag steel ingot.
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