CN117230360A - Preparation method of single-vacuum 300M steel - Google Patents
Preparation method of single-vacuum 300M steel Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910008455 Si—Ca Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000628 Ferrovanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of steel smelting, and particularly discloses a preparation method of single-vacuum 300M steel. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: electric furnace smelting, LF smelting, VD smelting, electrode casting, electrode annealing and vacuum consumable remelting; LF smelting: deoxidizing by adopting a carbon electrode and a Si-Ca wire in sequence; vacuum consumable remelting: the current at the arcing stage is 6-17 kA, and the voltage is 23-25V; the current in the stable arc smelting stage is 11.5-13.5 kA, and the voltage is 23.5-25V; and when 15-20 wt% of the consumable electrode is remained, entering a heat-sealing top stage, wherein the current in the heat-sealing top stage is 6-10 kA, and the voltage is 23-25V. The preparation method of the single-vacuum 300M steel adopts a single-vacuum smelting process, and Al deoxidation is not adopted in the whole process, so that the 300M steel has the advantages of low production cost, high cleanliness and excellent fatigue resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of steel smelting, in particular to a preparation method of single-vacuum 300M steel.
Background
As the main material of the existing civil aircraft landing gear, 300M steel continuously bears strong impact load in the service process, so that the fatigue resistance is particularly important to the service safety and reliability, and the purity of the 300M steel directly influences the fatigue resistance. In order to obtain higher purity, al is mostly added in the production process of 300M steel for deep deoxidization; however, although the addition of Al can significantly improve the cleanliness of molten steel and reduce the T.O content, higher Al content tends to form more Al 2 O 3 Inclusions (i.e., class B inclusions). Research shows that under the action of cyclic load, fatigue cracks are easy to initiate at the joint interface of the B-type inclusion and the matrix, and the fatigue resistance of 300M steel is affected.
At present, the production of 300M steel mainly adopts the traditional double-vacuum process, but with the wider and wider application range of 300M steel and larger demand, the problems of large equipment investment, long period, high cost, small scale and the like of the process are gradually highlighted. Therefore, on the basis of meeting the requirements of high purity and high structural uniformity of 300M steel as an aviation bearing component, the development of the smelting process requirement of 300M steel for reducing the cost is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a preparation method of single-vacuum 300M steel, which aims to solve the problems that the process cost is high, the fatigue performance of the 300M steel is damaged by B-type inclusions and the like in the preparation of the 300M steel by a double-vacuum process.
In a first aspect, the application provides a preparation method of single vacuum 300M steel, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the single-vacuum 300M steel comprises the following steps of: electric furnace smelting, LF smelting, VD smelting, electrode casting, electrode annealing and vacuum consumable remelting;
LF smelting: deoxidizing by adopting a carbon electrode and a Si-Ca wire in sequence; vacuum consumable remelting: the current at the arcing stage is 6-17 kA, and the voltage is 23-25V; the current in the stable arc smelting stage is 11.5-13.5 kA, and the voltage is 23.5-25V; and when 15-20 wt% of the consumable electrode is remained, entering a heat-sealing top stage, wherein the current in the heat-sealing top stage is 6-10 kA, and the voltage is 23-25V.
The application provides a preparation method of single-vacuum 300M steel, which adopts a single-vacuum smelting process of electric furnace smelting, external refining (LF smelting and VD smelting) +vacuum consumable remelting, compared with a double-vacuum smelting process of vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable remelting in the related technology, the smelting cost is greatly reduced, and the impurity element content, the macrostructure, the element segregation and the like of the obtained 300M steel also meet the use requirements. In addition, in the preparation method provided by the application, LF smelting adopts a carbon electrode to carry out primary deoxidation and Si-Ca wire to carry out secondary deoxidation, thereby achieving the purpose of deoxidizing molten steel, and compared with the Al deoxidation process in the related art, the deoxidization process does not generate Al 2 O 3 Inclusion, therefore, fatigue resistance is more excellent. In conclusion, the preparation method of the single-vacuum 300M steel provided by the application has the advantages of low process cost, no introduction of additional Al element and the like, and the obtained 300M steel has high cleanliness, good tissue uniformity and excellent fatigue resistance, and can realize batch production.
In the vacuum consumable remelting step, the current in the arcing stage has larger variation amplitude, and the current in the arc stabilizing stage is relatively stable; from the arcing phase to the steady-state phase, the current generally increases gradually and then tends to stabilize, thereby ensuring a gradual increase in the droplet rate. In the vacuum consumable remelting step, the melting electrode is heated by utilizing arc heat under low pressure, molten steel is dripped into a crystallizer and solidified into ingots, and further gas impurity elements (oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen) in the electrode are deeply removed, so that the cleanliness of steel is further improved.
In the application, the vacuum consumable remelting specifically comprises the following steps: the annealed electrode is connected to a cathode of a vacuum consumable furnace, a water-cooled crucible is connected to an anode, the vacuum is pumped to be less than or equal to 0.4Pa after the electrode is connected, and the vacuum degree is maintained in the smelting process; electrifying and arcing a vacuum consumable furnace, wherein the current is controlled to be 6-17 kA in the arcing stage, and the voltage is controlled to be 23-25V; the current in the arc stabilizing smelting stage is controlled to be 11.5-13.5 kA, and the voltage is 23.5-25V; when 15-20 wt% of the consumable electrode is remained, entering a heat-sealing top stage, wherein the current is controlled to be 6-10 kA, the voltage is controlled to be 23-25V, and the continuous feeding of the electric arc is ensured until the smelting is finished; and controlling the outlet temperature of the crucible to be less than 35 ℃ in the whole smelting process, and obtaining a remelted ingot by adopting vacuum casting after the smelting is finished.
According to the application, before LF smelting tapping, carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrochromium, ferrovanadium and the like can be added for alloying according to the result of detecting components, so that the structure and performance of steel are improved.
In the application, raw materials adopted for electric furnace smelting comprise scrap steel and pig iron.
In a specific embodiment, the raw material may contain 65 mass% scrap steel, 22 mass% pig iron.
In a specific embodiment, the raw materials may contain 62 mass% scrap steel, 18 mass% pig iron.
In a specific embodiment, the raw material may contain 60 mass% scrap steel, 22 mass% pig iron.
Further, the LF smelting further includes: lime is added to carry out slagging before the carbon electrode is inserted, so that the components of the final slag are controlled to be CaO/SiO according to the mass ratio 2 =4.0 to 8.0, and immediately after inserting the carbon electrode, the temperature is raised under argon blowing conditions, and the temperature raising rate is controlled to be2~5℃/min；
Tapping at 1690+/-20 ℃ when the impurity element components in LF smelting meet the following conditions:
in a specific embodiment, the si—ca wire is used in an amount of 100m, 115m or 120m.
In the application, the top and bottom components of the remelted ingot obtained by vacuum consumable remelting are equal to or less than 0.03 percent of C, equal to or less than 0.15 percent of Mn, equal to or less than 0.05 percent of Si, equal to or less than 0.03 percent of Cr, equal to or less than 0.05 percent of Ni, equal to or less than 0.03 percent of Mo and equal to or less than 0.005 percent of V; the inclusion rating satisfies class B inclusion less than 0.5.
Optionally, in the electric furnace smelting step, tapping conditions of electric furnace smelting are as follows: the P content is less than or equal to 0.003%, the C content is more than or equal to 0.10%, and the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1580 ℃.
In the application, P in raw materials (scrap steel and pig iron) is removed by electric furnace smelting, so that the P content is less than or equal to 0.003 percent.
Optionally, in the VD smelting step, the argon flow is 40-90L/min, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Pa, the vacuum holding time is more than or equal to 15min, and the tapping condition is as follows: the VD tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1590 ℃, the impurity element content meets the requirements of less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.0050 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0003 percent of H, less than or equal to 0.0050 percent of N and less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of T.O.
In the present application, silica is generally added to adjust the slag basicity prior to VD smelting. In a specific embodiment, the slag basicity is 3.
Optionally, the electrode annealing adopts two annealing processes, the annealing temperature is 680-715 ℃, and the annealing time is 23-27h.
Further, the preparation method further comprises forging and heat treatment; in the forging step, the initial forging temperature is 1200-1220 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 800-900 ℃.
In a specific embodiment, the forging step is: heating the remelted ingot to 1200-1220 ℃ in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 40-50h, and then starting forging; the final forging temperature is controlled to be 800-900 ℃, and the deformation of the last fire is more than or equal to 50%.
Further, the heat treatment includes quenching and tempering; quenching temperature is 850-920 ℃, and tempering temperature is 200-250 ℃.
In a specific embodiment, the heat treatment step is: quenching and tempering the forged bar to obtain a 300M steel bar; quenching temperature is 880 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 60min, and oil cooling is carried out; tempering temperature is 220 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and air cooling is carried out.
In the application, the whole process of the preparation method of the single-vacuum 300M steel does not adopt Al deoxidation.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a 300M steel obtained by a method for manufacturing a single vacuum 300M steel, the 300M steel having an impurity element content of: al is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and T.O is less than or equal to 0.0020 percent.
Further, the impurity elements P of the 300M steel are less than or equal to 0.0050%, S is less than or equal to 0.0020%, H is less than or equal to 0.0003%, and N is less than or equal to 0.0030%.
In the application, the main components of the 300M steel are as follows: 0.39-0.44% of C, 0.65-0.90% of Mn, 1.50-1.80% of Si, 0.70-0.95% of Cr, 1.65-2.00% of Ni, 0.35-0.50% of Mo, 0.05-0.10% of V and 0.0005-0.0030% of Ca.
In summary, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the preparation method of the single vacuum 300M steel provided by the application does not adopt Al deoxidation in the whole process, so that no extra Al element is introduced in the preparation process, and no Al is generated 2 O 3 The inclusion has high cleanliness, good fatigue resistance and tensile strength of over 1900 MP.
2. The impurity element content of 300M steel obtained by the preparation method provided by the application satisfies Al less than or equal to 0.01%, P less than or equal to 0.0050%, S less than or equal to 0.0020%, H less than or equal to 0.0003%, N less than or equal to 0.0030% and T.O less than or equal to 0.0020%; the component deviation of the top and the bottom of the remelting ingot is less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Mo and less than or equal to 0.005 percent of V; A. class B inclusion rating was class 0; the grading results of the cross section black spots, white spots, radial segregation and annular patterns of the macroscopic tissue are all A-A-A-A.
3. Compared with the double-vacuum smelting process in the related art, the smelting cost is reduced by about 40-50%, so that the preparation method of the single-vacuum 300M steel can realize batch production of 300M steel, and has good economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a microstructure rating of 300M steel obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a microstructure rating of 300M steel obtained in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a low-power structure rating of 300M steel obtained in example 3;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of inclusion rating of 300M steel obtained in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of inclusion rating of 300M steel obtained in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a photograph of inclusion rating of 300M steel obtained in example 3.
Detailed Description
The application provides a preparation method of single-vacuum 300M steel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting in an electric furnace: waste steel and pig iron are used as raw materials for electric furnace smelting, molten steel is obtained, slag is formed and P is removed in the initial stage of melting, the P content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.003% in tapping, the C content is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.10%, and the tapping temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 1580 ℃.
(2) LF smelting: adding lime to the LF to slag after reaching the station, and controlling the final slag component to be CaO/SiO 2 =4.0 to 8.0; inserting a carbon electrode, heating at the same time, controlling the heating rate to be 2-5 ℃/min, heating, blowing argon and stirring, and primarily deoxidizing by using the carbon electrode; and then adding a 100-120m Si-Ca wire for further refining and deoxidizing, sampling and measuring components after refining for 5-15 min, and sequentially adding carburant (purchased from Henan Hui gold metallurgy technologies Co., ltd.), ferrosilicon (brand name PG FeSi 65), ferromanganese (brand name FeMn68C 7.0), ferronickel (brand name 4J 36) and the like according to the component results to regulate the molten steel components. Performing bottom argon blowing in the whole LF smelting process, sampling and measuring components after the LF smelting is completed, and tapping under the condition that the impurity element content meets the following conditions, wherein the tapping temperature is 1690+/-20 ℃; the content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.0015 percent, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.0003 percent of H, less than or equal to 0.0060 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.0035 percent of T.O and less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Al.
(3) VD smelting: adding silica to adjust the slag alkalinity to be less than 3 after VD, and adjusting the argon flow to be 40-90L/min; after the vacuum is started, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Pa, and the vacuum holding time is more than or equal to 15min; after VD smelting is completed, sampling and measuring components, and tapping according to the following conditions, wherein the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1590 ℃; the impurity element content satisfies Al less than or equal to 0.01%, P less than or equal to 0.0050%, S less than or equal to 0.0020%, H less than or equal to 0.0003%, N less than or equal to 0.0050%, and T.O less than or equal to 0.0030%.
(4) Casting an electrode: after VD smelting is finished, ar gas is adopted for protection casting, and an electrode is obtained; the diameter of the electrode is phi 800-1000 mm.
(5) Electrode annealing: and (3) annealing the electrode twice, wherein the annealing temperature is 680-715 ℃, the annealing time is 23-27h, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature after annealing.
(6) Vacuum consumable remelting: and (3) connecting the annealed electrode to a cathode of a vacuum consumable furnace, connecting a water-cooled crucible to an anode, vacuumizing to less than or equal to 0.4Pa after connecting the electrode, and maintaining the vacuum degree in the smelting process. The vacuum consumable furnace is electrified and started, the current control range in the starting stage is 6-17 kA, the voltage is controlled to be 23-25V, and the current is generally gradually increased along with the time, so that the purpose of gradually increasing the molten drop rate is achieved. The electrode melting rate is controlled to be 5.3-6.5 kg/min, the molten drop rate is controlled to be 1.6-1.9/s in the arc stabilizing melting stage, and the current is controlled to be 11.5-13.5 kA and the voltage is controlled to be 23.5-25V in the arc stabilizing melting stage. And when the residual weight of the consumable electrode is 15-20%, the consumable electrode enters a heat-sealing top stage, the current is controlled to be 6-10 kA, the current is gradually reduced, the voltage is controlled to be 23-25V, and the continuous feeding of the electric arc is ensured until the smelting is finished. And controlling the outlet temperature of the crucible to be less than 35 ℃ in the whole smelting process, and obtaining a remelted ingot by adopting vacuum casting after the smelting is finished.
(7) Forging: heating the remelted ingot to 1220 ℃ in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 45h, and then starting forging; the final forging temperature is controlled to 850 ℃, and the deformation of the final firing time is 50%.
(8) And (3) heat treatment: quenching and tempering the forged bar to obtain a 300M steel bar; quenching at 850-920 deg.c for 40-80min and oil cooling; tempering temperature is 200-250 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 150-200min, and air cooling is carried out.
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples, comparative examples, performance test and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Example 1 provides a method for preparing single vacuum 300M steel comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting in an electric furnace: smelting by using a raw material containing 65 mass percent of scrap steel and 22 mass percent of pig iron in an electric furnace to obtain 55 tons of molten steel, and slagging and P removing in the initial stage of melting; the tapping control P content is 0.0023%, the C content is 0.10%, and the tapping temperature is 1595 ℃.
(2) LF smelting: after LF arrives at the station, lime is added into molten steel to carry out slag formation, and the final slag component is controlled to be CaO/SiO 2 =5.2; inserting a carbon electrode, heating at the same time, controlling the heating rate to be 3 ℃/min, heating, blowing argon and stirring, and primarily deoxidizing by using the carbon electrode; and then adding a 100m Si-Ca wire for further deoxidization, refining for 5-15 min, sampling and measuring components, and sequentially adding carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferronickel and the like according to the component results to regulate the components of the molten steel. The argon is blown at the bottom in the whole LF smelting process, the components are sampled and measured as follows before LF tapping, the requirements are met, and tapping is carried out at the tapping temperature of 1695 ℃;
S 0.0013%，P 0.004%，H 0.0002%，N 0.0050%，T.O 0.0032%，Al 0.006%。
(3) VD smelting: adding silica to adjust the slag alkalinity to be less than 3 after VD, and adjusting the argon flow to be 60L/min; after the vacuum is started, the vacuum degree is 67Pa, and the vacuum holding time is 18min; the sampling and measuring components before VD tapping are as follows, the requirements are met, and tapping is carried out at the tapping temperature of 1595 ℃;
Al 0.006%，P 0.0040%，S 0.0011%，H 0.0001%，N 0.0030%，T.O≤0.0024%。
(4) Casting an electrode: after VD smelting is finished, ar gas is adopted for protection casting, and an electrode is obtained; the electrode diameter was Φ950mm.
(5) Electrode annealing: annealing the electrode at 690 ℃ for 24 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature after annealing; then annealing is continued for 24 hours at 690 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature after annealing.
(6) Vacuum consumable remelting: and (3) connecting the annealed electrode to a cathode of a vacuum consumable furnace, connecting a water-cooled crucible to an anode, vacuumizing to 0.4Pa after connecting the electrode, and maintaining the vacuum degree in the smelting process. The vacuum consumable furnace is electrified to start an arc, the current control range in the arc starting stage is 8kA, and the voltage is controlled at 24V. In the arc-stabilizing smelting stage, the electrode melting rate is controlled to be 5.8kg/min, the melting drop rate is controlled to be 1.8/s, and the current is controlled to be 12kA and the voltage is controlled to be 24V. When the residual weight of the consumable electrode is 15-20%, the consumable electrode enters a heat-sealing top stage, the current is controlled to 8kA and gradually reduced, the voltage is controlled to 24V, and the continuous feeding of the electric arc is ensured until the smelting is finished. And controlling the outlet temperature of the crucible to be 30 ℃ in the whole smelting process, and obtaining a remelted ingot by adopting vacuum casting after the smelting is finished.
(7) Forging: heating the remelted ingot to 1220 ℃ in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 45h, and then starting forging; the final forging temperature is controlled to 850 ℃, and the deformation of the final firing time is 50%.
(8) And (3) heat treatment: quenching and tempering the forged bar to obtain a 300M steel bar; quenching temperature is 880 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 60min, and oil cooling is carried out; tempering temperature is 220 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 180min, and air cooling is carried out.
Example 2
Example 2 provides a method for preparing single vacuum 300M steel comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting in an electric furnace: smelting by using a raw material containing 62 mass percent of scrap steel and 18 mass percent of pig iron in an electric furnace to obtain 55 tons of molten steel, and slagging and P removing in the initial stage of melting; the tapping control P content is 0.0025%, the C content is 0.11%, and the tapping temperature is 1600 ℃.
(2) LF smelting: adding lime to the LF to slag after reaching the station, and controlling the final slag component to be CaO/SiO 2 =5.5; inserting a carbon electrode, heating at the same time, controlling the heating rate to be 4.5 ℃/min, heating, blowing argon and stirring, and primarily deoxidizing by using the carbon electrode; and then adding a 120m Si-Ca wire for further deoxidization, refining for 5-15 min, sampling and measuring components, and sequentially adding carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferronickel and the like according to the component results to regulate the components of the molten steel. The argon is blown at the bottom in the whole LF smelting process, the components are sampled and measured as follows before LF tapping, the requirements are met, and tapping is carried out at the tapping temperature of 1675 ℃;
S 0.0011%，P 0.004%，H 0.0002%，N 0.0048%，T.O 0.0032%，Al 0.005%。
(3) VD smelting: adding silica to adjust the slag alkalinity to be less than 3 after VD, and adjusting the argon flow to be 60L/min; after the vacuum is started, the vacuum degree is 67Pa, and the vacuum holding time is 18min; the sampling and measuring components before VD tapping are as follows, the requirements are met, and tapping is carried out at the tapping temperature of 1592 ℃;
Al 0.005%，P 0.0040%，S 0.0011%，H 0.0001%，N 0.0033%，T.O≤0.0022%。
(4) Casting an electrode: after VD smelting is finished, ar gas is adopted for protection casting, and an electrode is obtained; the electrode diameter was Φ950mm.
(5) Electrode annealing: annealing the electrode at 690 ℃ for 24 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature after annealing; then annealing is continued for 24 hours at 690 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature after annealing.
(6) Vacuum consumable remelting: and (3) connecting the annealed electrode to a cathode of a vacuum consumable furnace, connecting a water-cooled crucible to an anode, vacuumizing to 0.4Pa after connecting the electrode, and maintaining the vacuum degree in the smelting process. The vacuum consumable furnace is electrified to start an arc, the current control range in the arc starting stage is 8kA, and the voltage is controlled at 24V. The electrode melting rate is controlled to be 6.0kg/min and the melting drop rate is controlled to be 1.8/s in the arc stabilizing melting stage, and the current is controlled to be 11.8kA and the voltage is controlled to be 24.5V in the arc stabilizing melting stage. When the residual weight of the consumable electrode is 15-20%, the consumable electrode enters a heat-sealing top stage, the current is controlled to 8kA and gradually reduced, the voltage is controlled to 24V, and the continuous feeding of the electric arc is ensured until the smelting is finished. And controlling the outlet temperature of the crucible to be 30 ℃ in the whole smelting process, and obtaining a remelted ingot by adopting vacuum casting after the smelting is finished.
(7) Forging: heating the remelted ingot to 1220 ℃ in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 45h, and then starting forging; the final forging temperature is controlled to 850 ℃, and the deformation of the final firing time is 50%.
(8) And (3) heat treatment: quenching and tempering the forged bar to obtain a 300M steel bar; quenching temperature is 880 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 60min, and oil cooling is carried out; tempering temperature is 220 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 180min, and air cooling is carried out.
Example 3
Example 3 provides a method for preparing single vacuum 300M steel comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting in an electric furnace: smelting by using a raw material containing 60 mass percent of scrap steel and 22 mass percent of pig iron in an electric furnace to obtain 55 tons of molten steel, and slagging and P removing in the initial stage of melting;
the tapping control P content is 0.0026%, the C content is 0.11%, and the tapping temperature is 1597 ℃.
(2) LF smelting: adding lime to the LF to slag after reaching the station, and controlling the final slag component to be CaO/SiO 2 =5.4; inserting carbon electrodes togetherHeating, controlling the heating rate to be 2.5 ℃/min, simultaneously blowing argon for stirring, and primarily deoxidizing by using a carbon electrode; and then adding a 115m Si-Ca wire for further deoxidization, refining for 5-15 min, sampling and measuring components, and sequentially adding a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and ferronickel according to the component results to regulate the components of the molten steel. The argon is blown at the bottom in the whole LF smelting process, the components are sampled and measured as follows before LF tapping, the requirements are met, and tapping is carried out at the tapping temperature of 1688 ℃;
S 0.0011%，P 0.004%，H 0.0001%，N 0.0046%，T.O 0.0027%，Al 0.006%。
(3) VD smelting: adding silica to adjust the slag alkalinity to be less than 3 after VD, and adjusting the argon flow to be 60L/min; after the vacuum is started, the vacuum degree is 67Pa, and the vacuum holding time is 18min; the sampling and measuring components before VD tapping are as follows, the requirements are met, and tapping is carried out at a tapping temperature of 1688 ℃;
Al 0.006%，P 0.0040%，S 0.0010%，H 0.0001%，N 0.0033%，T.O≤0.0021%。
(4) Casting an electrode: after VD smelting is finished, ar gas is adopted for protection casting, and an electrode is obtained; the electrode diameter was Φ950mm.
(5) Electrode annealing: annealing the electrode at 690 ℃ for 24 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature after annealing; then annealing is continued for 24 hours at 690 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature after annealing.
(6) Vacuum consumable remelting: and (3) connecting the annealed electrode to a cathode of a vacuum consumable furnace, connecting a water-cooled crucible to an anode, vacuumizing to 0.4Pa after connecting the electrode, and maintaining the vacuum degree in the smelting process. The vacuum consumable furnace is electrified to start an arc, the current control range in the arc starting stage is 8kA, and the voltage is controlled at 24V. The electrode melting rate is controlled to be 6.1kg/min and the melting drop rate is controlled to be 1.8/s in the arc stabilizing melting stage, and the current is controlled to be 12.1kA and the voltage is controlled to be 24V in the arc stabilizing melting stage. When the residual weight of the consumable electrode is 15-20%, the consumable electrode enters a heat-sealing top stage, the current is controlled to 8kA and gradually reduced, the voltage is controlled to 24V, and the continuous feeding of the electric arc is ensured until the smelting is finished. And controlling the outlet temperature of the crucible to be 30 ℃ in the whole smelting process, and obtaining a remelted ingot by adopting vacuum casting after the smelting is finished.
(7) Forging: heating the remelted ingot to 1220 ℃ in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 45h, and then starting forging; the final forging temperature is controlled to 850 ℃, and the deformation of the final firing time is 50%.
(8) And (3) heat treatment: quenching and tempering the forged bar to obtain a 300M steel bar; quenching temperature is 880 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 60min, and oil cooling is carried out; tempering temperature is 220 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 180min, and air cooling is carried out.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 was conducted in accordance with the method of example 1 except that: (2) LF smelting. The method comprises the following steps:
(2) LF smelting: feeding Al wires for deoxidization according to 0.20% after LF arrives at the station; lime is added to make white slag, the white slag time is kept for 40min, according to the full analysis result, carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferronickel and the like are added to adjust the molten steel components, and after S is less than or equal to 0.001%, tapping is carried out.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 provides a method of preparing 300M steel by double vacuum smelting, comprising the steps of:
(1) Vacuum smelting: placing Al wires and high-purity raw materials into a proportioning bin, firstly opening the proportioning bin, sending the high-purity raw materials into a vacuum induction smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1650 ℃, the vacuum degree is less than 40Pa, heating to enable the raw materials to be completely melted, no bubbles in a molten pool escape, preserving heat for more than 30 minutes, tapping, and casting into an electrode rod. Wherein, al wire is added into the smelting furnace after vacuumizing.
Wherein, the high-purity raw materials include: the components of the high-purity raw materials such as ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, ferronickel and the like are adjusted as follows after the raw materials are proportioned: 0.40% of C, 0.81% of Mn, 1.59% of Si, 0.85% of Cr, 1.86% of Ni, 0.50% of Mo, 0.08% of V, 0.0001% of Ca and the balance of iron.
(2) Vacuum consumable remelting: and (3) connecting the electrode to a cathode of a vacuum consumable furnace, connecting the water-cooled crucible to an anode, vacuumizing to 0.4Pa after connecting the electrode, and maintaining the vacuum degree in the smelting process. The vacuum consumable furnace is electrified to start an arc, the current control range in the arc starting stage is 8kA, and the voltage is controlled at 24V. In the arc-stabilizing smelting stage, the electrode melting rate is controlled to be 5.8kg/min, the melting drop rate is controlled to be 1.8/s, and the current is controlled to be 12kA and the voltage is controlled to be 24V. When the residual weight of the consumable electrode is 15-20%, the consumable electrode enters a heat-sealing top stage, the current is controlled to 8kA and gradually reduced, the voltage is controlled to 24V, and the continuous feeding of the electric arc is ensured until the smelting is finished. And controlling the outlet temperature of the crucible to be 30 ℃ in the whole smelting process, and obtaining a remelted ingot by adopting vacuum casting after the smelting is finished.
(3) Forging: heating the remelted ingot to 1220 ℃ in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 45h, and then starting forging; the final forging temperature is controlled to 850 ℃, and the deformation of the final firing time is 50%.
(4) And (3) heat treatment: quenching and tempering the forged bar to obtain a 300M steel bar; quenching temperature is 880 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 60min, and oil cooling is carried out; tempering temperature is 220 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 180min, and air cooling is carried out.
Performance test
Chemical component analysis
The remelted ingots of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to chemical composition analysis, and the detection results are shown in table 1 below:
the chemical composition analysis method comprises the following steps: detecting the content of C, mn, si, cr, ni, mo, V, al, S, P, H element in the remelted ingot finished product according to national standard GB/T223; detecting the content of N element in a remelted ingot finished product according to national standard GB/T20124-2006 inert gas melting thermal conductivity method for measuring the nitrogen content of steel; detecting the content of T.O element in a remelted ingot finished product according to national standard GB/T11261-2006 pulse heating inert gas melting-infrared absorption method for measuring the oxygen content of steel and iron; GB/T223.87-2018 determination of iron and steel and alloy, calcium and magnesium contents detects the content of Ca element in remelted ingot.
TABLE 1 analysis results of the ingredients of remelted ingots obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2
As is clear from the above detection results, comparative example 1 uses Al wire deoxidation, and the Al content of the obtained 300M steel is 0.02%; comparative example 2 using a double vacuum smelting process, the Al content of the obtained 300M steel was 0.019; whereas the 300M steel obtained in examples 1-3 had an Al content of 0.005-0.006%. Therefore, the preparation method of the single-vacuum 300M steel provided by the application is proved to be free from introducing additional Al elements, and less B-type inclusions of the 300M steel are obtained.
(II) Low-fold organization and inclusion rating
The 300M steels obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were subjected to microstructure and inclusion rating, inclusion rating criteria reference: GB/T10561-2005 microscopic examination method for measuring nonmetallic inclusion content in steel, the results of which are shown in Table 2 below:
the low-power organization rating photograph of example 1 is shown in fig. 1, the low-power organization rating photograph of example 2 is shown in fig. 2, and the low-power organization rating photograph of example 3 is shown in fig. 3; the inclusion rating photograph of example 1 is shown in fig. 4, the inclusion rating photograph of example 2 is shown in fig. 5, and the inclusion rating photograph of example 3 is shown in fig. 6.
TABLE 2 300M Steel macrostructure and inclusion rating results obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2
As is clear from Table 2, the 300M steels obtained in examples 1 to 3 were rated for all of the dark spots, white spots, radial segregation and annular patterns as A-A-a, and the class B inclusions were rated for class 0. The 300M steels obtained in comparative examples 1-2 were rated for dark spots, white spots, radial segregation, and annular patterns, all as A-A-A-A, but were rated for class B inclusions at 0.5.
(III) Performance test
The 300M steels obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to fatigue property and tensile property tests, and the test results are shown in Table 3 below:
(1) The fatigue performance detection method comprises the following steps: the fatigue life of the 300M steel described above was tested according to the fatigue performance test standard ASTM E466. The detection conditions are as follows: r=0.1, kt=1, test load smax=1100 MPa.
(2) The tensile strength detection method comprises the following steps: tensile Strength of 300M Steel with reference to GB/T228.1
TABLE 3 Performance test results of 300M steels obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2
As can be seen from the results of the examination of Table 3, the 300M steels obtained in examples 1-3 had significantly higher fatigue lives than those obtained in comparative examples 1-2.
(III) production cost accounting
The cost of producing 1 ton of 300M steel by the preparation method provided in example 1 was about 4-6 ten thousand yuan by cost accounting. And the cost of producing 1 ton of 300M steel by adopting the preparation method provided by the comparative example 2 is about 8-12 ten thousand yuan. Therefore, compared with the double-vacuum smelting method of comparative example 2, the single-vacuum smelting method of the embodiment 1 of the application has the advantages that the cost is reduced by about 40-50%, which indicates that the 300M steel provided by the application has low production cost, can realize large-scale production and has good economic benefit.
While the application has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the application and are intended to be within the scope of the application as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the single-vacuum 300M steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of: electric furnace smelting, LF smelting, VD smelting, electrode casting, electrode annealing and vacuum consumable remelting;
LF smelting: deoxidizing by adopting a carbon electrode and a Si-Ca wire in sequence;
vacuum consumable remelting: the current at the arcing stage is 6-17 kA, and the voltage is 23-25V; the current in the stable arc smelting stage is 11.5-13.5 kA, and the voltage is 23.5-25V; and when 15-20 wt% of the consumable electrode is remained, entering a heat-sealing top stage, wherein the current in the heat-sealing top stage is 6-10 kA, and the voltage is 23-25V.
2. The method of manufacturing single vacuum 300M steel according to claim 1, wherein the LF smelting further comprises: lime is added to carry out slagging before the carbon electrode is inserted, so that the components of the final slag are controlled to be CaO/SiO according to the mass ratio 2 =4.0 to 8.0, immediately after inserting the carbon electrode, the temperature is raised under argon blowing conditions,the temperature rising rate is controlled to be 2-5 ℃/min;
tapping at 1690+/-20 ℃ when the impurity element components in LF smelting meet the following conditions:
S≤0.0015%，P≤0.005%，H≤0.0003%，N≤0.0060%，T.O≤0.0035%，Al≤0.01%。
3. the method for producing single vacuum 300M steel according to claim 1, wherein the top and bottom components of the remelted ingot obtained by the vacuum consumable remelting each satisfy c.ltoreq.0.03%, mn.ltoreq.0.15%, si.ltoreq.0.05%, cr.ltoreq.0.03%, ni.ltoreq.0.05%, mo.ltoreq.0.03%, v.ltoreq.0.005%; the inclusion rating satisfies class B inclusion less than 0.5.
4. The method for producing single vacuum 300M steel according to claim 1, wherein in the electric furnace smelting step, tapping conditions for electric furnace smelting are: the P content is less than or equal to 0.003%, the C content is more than or equal to 0.10%, and the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1580 ℃.
5. The method for preparing single vacuum 300M steel according to claim 1, wherein in the VD smelting step, the argon flow is 40-90L/min, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Pa, the vacuum holding time is more than or equal to 15min, and the tapping condition is that: the VD tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1590 ℃, the impurity element content meets the requirements of less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.0050 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0003 percent of H, less than or equal to 0.0050 percent of N and less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of T.O.
6. The method for preparing single vacuum 300M steel according to claim 1, wherein the electrode annealing is performed in two annealing steps, the annealing temperature is 680-715 ℃, and the annealing time is 23-27h.
7. The method of producing single vacuum 300M steel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising forging and heat treatment;
in the forging step, the initial forging temperature is 1200-1220 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 800-900 ℃.
8. The method of producing single vacuum 300M steel according to claim 7, wherein the heat treatment comprises quenching and tempering; quenching temperature is 850-920 ℃, and tempering temperature is 200-250 ℃.
9. 300M steel obtained with the method for producing single vacuum 300M steel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the 300M steel has an impurity element content of: al is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and T.O is less than or equal to 0.0020 percent.
10. The single vacuum 300M steel of claim 9, wherein the 300M steel has an impurity element P of 0.0050% or less, S of 0.0020% or less, H of 0.0003% or less, and N of 0.0030% or less.
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| CN117604194B (en) * | 2024-01-24 | 2024-05-10 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Vacuum consumable electrode for 300M steel and Al-free deoxidizing refining method thereof |
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