CN109112319A - Slag charge for nuclear grade stainless steel electroslag remelting and the method using slag charge progress electroslag remelting - Google Patents
Slag charge for nuclear grade stainless steel electroslag remelting and the method using slag charge progress electroslag remelting Download PDFInfo
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- CN109112319A CN109112319A CN201811097222.4A CN201811097222A CN109112319A CN 109112319 A CN109112319 A CN 109112319A CN 201811097222 A CN201811097222 A CN 201811097222A CN 109112319 A CN109112319 A CN 109112319A
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- slag charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of slag charge for nuclear grade stainless steel electroslag remelting and the method for carrying out electroslag remelting using the slag charge, the weight percentage of the slag charge component is CaF2 40~70%, MgF21~10%, Al2O310~20%, CaO 10~20%, MgO 1~10%, BaO 0~3%；Prepare the key step of ESR ingot are as follows: electrode bar preparation → slag charge preparation → electroslag remelting.Using ESR ingot prepared by the present invention, the harmful elements content such as Co, B, Pb, Sn, H, P, S is low, and surface quality is good, ingredient is uniform, reduced in segregation, fine microstructures are fine and close, and non-metallic inclusion summation≤2.0 grade reach the metallurgical quality requirement of nuclear grade stainless steel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of smelting process, in particular to a kind of slag charge and use for nuclear grade stainless steel electroslag remelting
The method of slag charge progress electroslag remelting.
Background technique
Electroslag remelting is to melt metal consumable electrode using resistance heat caused by molten slag, refine and in crystallizer
A kind of technique of middle coagulation forming.Electro Slag Remelting Steel has many advantages, such as pure metal, dense structure, ingredient is uniform, has excellent performance,
Electroslag remelting technique is always the important means for producing specialty alloy materials from generating so far.
Slag charge is a kind of essential important raw material in electroslag metallurgy field, and slag charge formula and application method determine
The metallurgical quality of final products.
The technology of electroslag remelting includes electric system, slag system, temperature schedule, RPM schedule, start-up technique, changes electrode
Technology, stripping technology, high uniformity control technology, low hydrogen control technology, hypoxemia control technology, low aluminium control technology, clinker point
Analysis technology, molten bath detection technique etc., with the raising of equipment and technology and the accumulation of practical data, these technologies have gradually obtained excellent
Change and improves, it is more and more mature.
Hydrogen is one of the main reason for forging is scrapped, and is often scrapped in batch, once there is waste product, economic loss is just
It can be very big.Hydrogen content in steel is generally required to be no more than 2ppm, when hydrogen content is excessively high, it usually needs carry out prolonged dehydrogenation and move back
Fire, to greatly improve cost.And the ESR ingot that conventional method is smelted, hydrogen content would generally be more than 2ppm.
Uniformity is one of the main bugbear of metallurgical quality control, the ESR ingot of commonsense method preparation, and usual bottom carbon contains
Amount can increase, and the constituent contents such as silicon, titanium, aluminium can reduce, uneven so as to cause ingot composition.On the other hand, electroslag remelting mistake
Cheng Zhong, some constituent elements of slag decompose the variation that will cause slag ingredient, the metallurgical property of slag and technological property are caused to become
Change, eventually leads to the high direction Partial Elements of ingot and be unevenly distributed.Ingot composition is uneven, will cause the tissue and property of final products
Can be uneven, it is not available when serious, causes scrap of the product.
Currently, the nuclear grade stainless steel metallurgical quality of part of the manufacturer's production is poor, the case where scrapping is caused to happen occasionally, such as have
Evil constituent content is exceeded, non-metallic inclusion is exceeded, shrinkage cavity is serious, harmful element content height causes penalty, ingredient uniform
Property difference cause performance uniformity difference or performance it is unqualified.Electroslag remelting technique is unqualified or without being by electroslag remelting process
One of reason.
Summary of the invention
Electroslag is carried out it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of slag charge for nuclear grade stainless steel electroslag remelting and using the slag charge
The method of remelting, the ESR ingot prepared using institute's method of the present invention, the harmful elements content such as Co, B, Pb, Sn, H, P, S is low, surface
High-quality, ingredient uniformly, reduced in segregation, fine microstructures it is fine and close, non-metallic inclusion summation≤2.0 grade.
The technical scheme is that
For the slag charge of nuclear grade stainless steel electro-slag re-melting method, the weight percentage of the slag charge each component is CaF2 40
~70%, MgF21~10%, Al2O310~20%, CaO 10~20%, MgO 1~10%, BaO 0~3%, it is described
Slag charge purity is technical pure, and [Co]+[Nb]+[Ta]≤0.2%, [B]≤0.01%.
Preferable technical solution is the weight percentage of the slag charge component are as follows: CaF255~60%, MgF26~
8%, Al2O312~16%, CaO 10~15%, MgO 6~7%, BaO 0.5%.
In the component of above-mentioned slag charge, MgF2+ MgO is that 8~15%, CaO+BaO is containing for 13~20%, CaO+BaO+MgO
Amount >=Al2O3Content.
Nuclear grade stainless steel electro-slag re-melting method, there is following steps:
1) electrode bar prepares
Using the vacuum ingot of vacuum induction melting furnace melting as electrode bar, electrode bar surface scale is removed, by electrode
Stick and dummy electrode weld；
2) slag charge prepares
Slag charge each component is taken according to above-mentioned proportion, slag charge is toasted, is mixed, is gradually added into crystallizer, energization slugging, to
Slag charge all after melting, continues energization 5~power off after ten minutes, and slag charge is cooled to room temperature, breaks into pieces, mixes, obtains pre-melted slag；
3) electroslag remelting
The pre-melted slag that step 2) is obtained is gradually added into crystallizer, the electrode bar slugging prepared with step 1), pre-melted slag
The oxide that appraises at the current rate is added after melting, is inserted into electrode bar, moves up and down simultaneously electrode bar 3~5 times and be stirred, energization remelting obtains
To nuclear grade stainless steel ESR ingot.
The cross-sectional shape of the step 1) electrode bar is corresponding with the cross-sectional shape of crystallizer.
Voltage and current corresponding to the crystallizer specification are as follows: 1) φ 300mm crystallizer: 50~55V of voltage, electric current
7000~9000A；2) φ 600mm crystallizer: 55~60V of voltage, 10000~15000A of electric current.
30~the 55V of voltage, 3000~6000A of electric current of step 2) the energization slugging.
Step 2) the baking slag charge, wherein CaF2、MgF2、Al2O3, MgO, BaO baking regime be 600~900 DEG C
The baking regime of × 4~6h, CaO are 900~950 DEG C × 6~8h.
Step 3) the oxide that appraises at the current rate is one or more of MnO2, MnO, TiO2, rare earth oxide, oxidation of appraising at the current rate
Object dosage is the 0.5~3% of slag charge weight, and purity is that analysis is pure.
The rare earth oxide is cerium oxide or yttrium oxide.
Step 3) the speed for moving up and down electrode bar is 5~30mm/S.
[O]≤20ppm in step 3) the nuclear grade stainless steel ESR ingot, [H]≤2ppm, [P]≤60ppm, [S]≤
10ppm, [Co]≤0.1%, [B]≤0.005%.
Step 3) the energization remelting selects voltage and current according to crystallizer specification.
The slag charge purity is technical pure, and [Co]+[Nb]+[Ta]≤0.2%, [B]≤0.01% in slag charge.
Step 1) the electrode bar cannot contact water, if contacting water, should carry out 200 DEG C × 4h baking.
Using non-metallic inclusion total amount≤2.0 grade in the nuclear grade stainless steel of ESR ingot of the present invention preparation.
The chemical component of electrode bar of the present invention is consistent with finished product ESR ingot.
The nuclear grade stainless steel ESR ingot prepared using method of the invention, compared with conventional method, harmful element content
It is low, ingredient is uniform, fine microstructures are fine and close, surface quality is good, reduced in segregation, non-metallic inclusion quantity is few, size is small and distribution is equal
It is even, it can reach requirement of the nuclear power field to stainless steel material metallurgical quality.
In slag charge of the present invention, the effect of main component is as follows:
(1) fusing point, viscosity and surface tension of slag can CaF2: be reduced.But compared with other constituent elements, the conductivity of CaF2 compared with
It is high.
(2) CaO: the basicity that CaO will increase slag is added in slag, improves desulfuration efficiency, and the addition of CaO can reduce slag
Conductivity.But CaO water imbibition is strong, easily brings hydrogen and oxygen into, causes steel hydrogenation oxygenation, so using preceding necessary high-temperature baking.
(3) Al2O3: can be substantially reduced the conductivity of slag, reduce power consumption, improve productivity.But Al2O3 increases in slag,
The fusion temperature and viscosity that will make slag increase, and the desulfurization effect that will reduce slag, and reflow process can in addition be difficult to set up and surely
It is fixed.
(4) MgO: one and half solidification films will be formed on slag bath surface containing MgO appropriate in slag, can prevents slag bath from inhaling hydrogen
And the oxide that prevents from appraising at the current rate in slag is transmitted to metal bath and is supplied oxygen, so that oxygen in ingot casting, hydrogen, nitrogen content be made to reduce.Meanwhile this layer
Solidification film can reduce heat loss of the slag surface to atmospheric radiation.But MgO is easy to make the viscosity of slag to improve.
(5) MgF2: the fusing point of slag is greatly reduced as auxiliary agent in similar CaF2, can also reduce the viscosity of slag, surface tension and
Conductivity.
(6) BaO: improving the basicity of slag, reduces P, S constituent content in steel.
The oxide that appraises at the current rate in the method for the invention can balance C, O in slag bath, H element, drop in reflow process
Uniformity is improved while low harmful element content.
The present invention improves ESR ingot by controlling from electric system, slag system, raw material, process flow etc.
Homogeneity of ingredients eliminates the metallurgical imperfections such as loose, stomata, reduces the harmful elements contents such as Co, B, Pb, Sn, H, P, S, reaches core
The metallurgical quality requirement of grade stainless steel.
Specific embodiment
Example 1 prepares 316L stainless steel ESR ingot
1) electrode bar prepares
Melting is carried out using 500kg vacuum induction melting furnace, by pouring molten steel described in table 1 at the electrode bar of φ 170mm,
Removal electrode bar surface scale is sanded, then welds together electrode bar and dummy electrode.
The essential element ingredient of 1 molten steel of table see the table below:
2) slag charge prepares
Slag charge proportion is (weight percentage): CaF260%, MgF26%, Al2O316%, CaO 10.5%, MgO
7%, BaO 0.5%, slag charge total weight are 30kg.By CaF2、MgF2、Al2O3, MgO, BaO mix after toasted, baking system
Degree is 800 DEG C × 5h, and CaO is individually toasted, and baking regime is 930 DEG C × 6h.Use electrode bar described in step 1)
The slag charge being pre-mixed gradually (is added portionwise slag charge, after slag charge melting to be added, then plus next group) and crystallization is added by slag
Device, the energization starting the arc, voltage are stepped up to 50V, and electric current is stepped up to 5000A, and slag charge all after melting, lowers the current to
3500A is kept for 5 minutes, breaks into pieces after slag charge is cooled to room temperature, obtain pre-melted slag.
3) electroslag remelting
Pre-melted slag prepared by step 2) is gradually added into Cu crystallizer, crystallizer specification is φ 300mm, using step 1 institute
After slugging, the oxide (MnO that appraises at the current rate is added in the electrode bar slugging stated2) 0.2kg, it is inserted into electrode bar, moves up and down electrode bar
It is stirred for 5 times, then steps up power transmission power, start voltage 35V, electric current 3000A, be increased to normal smelting within 1~2 minute
51~55V of voltage, 7800~8200A of electric current.Remelting carries out feeding before completing, the feeding uses power decay method, electricity
Stream fall off rate is 0.005~0.007kA/S, and feeding initial current is electroslag remelting ending current, obtains core of the present invention
Grade stainless steel ESR ingot.
The stainless steel ESR ingot main indicator of this method preparation are as follows: [O] content 15ppm, [H] content 2ppm, [P] content
50ppm, [S] content 7ppm, [B] content 13ppm, [Co] content 0.02%, carbon uniformity is ± 0.005% in steel ingot；
Non-metallic inclusion rank are as follows: A class is carefully 0 grade, B class is carefully 0 grade, C class is carefully 0 grade, D class is carefully 1.0 grades；Ingredient uniformly, nothing
Loose, pore-free, surface quality are good.
Example 2 prepares Gr.B8M stainless steel ESR ingot
1) electrode bar prepares
Melting is carried out using 500kg vacuum induction melting furnace, by pouring molten steel described in table 2 at the electrode bar of φ 170mm,
Removal electrode bar surface scale is sanded, then welds together electrode bar and dummy electrode.
The essential element ingredient of 2 molten steel of table see the table below:
2) slag charge prepares
Slag charge proportion is (weight percentage): CaF260%, MgF26%, Al2O312%, CaO 15%, MgO
6.5%, BaO 0.5%, slag charge total weight are 30kg.By CaF2、MgF2、Al2O3, MgO, BaO mix after toasted, toast
System is 800 DEG C × 5h, and CaO is individually toasted, and baking regime is 930 DEG C × 6h.Use the electrode bar described in step 1)
Slugging is carried out, gradually (slag charge is added portionwise, after slag charge melting to be added, then plus next group) in the slag charge being pre-mixed and is added
Crystallizer, the energization starting the arc, voltage are stepped up to 50V, and electric current is stepped up to 5000A, and slag charge all after melting, reduces electric current
To 3500A, is kept for 5 minutes, broken into pieces after slag charge is cooled to room temperature, obtain pre-melted slag.
3) electroslag remelting
Pre-melted slag prepared by step 2) is gradually added into Cu crystallizer, crystallizer specification is φ 300mm, using step 1) institute
Electrode bar slugging is stated, after slugging, oxide (MnO) 0.2kg that appraises at the current rate is added, is inserted into electrode bar, moves up and down electrode bar 5 times
It is stirred, then steps up power transmission power, start voltage 35V, electric current 3000A, be increased within 1~2 minute normal smelting electricity
Press 51~55V, 7800~8200A of electric current.Remelting carries out feeding before completing, the feeding uses power decay method, electric current
Fall off rate is 0.005~0.007kA/S, and feeding initial current is electroslag remelting ending current, obtains nuclear leve of the present invention
Stainless steel ESR ingot.
The stainless steel ESR ingot main indicator of this method preparation are as follows: [O] content 14ppm, [H] content 2ppm, [P] content
52ppm, [S] content 6ppm, [B] content 18ppm, [Co] content 0.02%, carbon uniformity is ± 0.005% in steel ingot；
Non-metallic inclusion rank are as follows: A class is carefully 0 grade, B class is carefully 0 grade, C class is carefully 0 grade, D class is carefully 1.0 grades；Ingredient uniformly, nothing
Loose, pore-free, surface quality are good.
Example 3 prepares 304 stainless steel ESR ingots
1) electrode bar prepares
Melting is carried out using 3000kg vacuum induction melting furnace, by pouring molten steel described in table 3 at the electrode of φ 400mm
Stick is sanded removal electrode bar surface scale, then welds together electrode bar and dummy electrode.
The essential element ingredient of 3 molten steel of table see the table below:
2) slag charge prepares
Slag charge proportion is (weight percentage): CaF255%, MgF28%, Al2O315%, CaO 15%, MgO 7%,
Slag charge total weight is 100kg.By CaF2、MgF2、Al2O3, MgO mix after toasted, baking regime be 800 DEG C × 5h, will
CaO is individually toasted, and baking regime is 930 DEG C × 6h.Slugging is carried out using the electrode bar described in step 1), will be pre-mixed
Slag charge gradually (slag charge is added portionwise, after slag charge melting to be added, then plus next group) crystallizer, the energization starting the arc, electricity is added
Pressure is stepped up to 50V, and electric current is stepped up to 5000A, and slag charge all after melting, lowers the current to 3500A, kept for 5 minutes,
It is broken into pieces after slag charge is cooled to room temperature, obtains pre-melted slag.
3) electroslag remelting
Pre-melted slag prepared by step 2) is gradually added into Cu crystallizer, crystallizer specification is φ 600mm, using step 1) institute
Electrode bar slugging is stated, after slugging, oxide (cerium oxide) 1kg that appraises at the current rate is added, is inserted into electrode bar, moves up and down electrode bar 5
It is secondary to be stirred, power transmission power is then stepped up, starts voltage 40V, electric current 5000A, is increased to normal smelting within 1~2 minute
55~60V of voltage, 10000~13000A of electric current.Remelting carries out feeding before completing, the feeding uses power decay method,
Current fall rate is 0.007~0.009kA/S, and feeding initial current is electroslag remelting ending current, is obtained of the present invention
Nuclear grade stainless steel ESR ingot.
The stainless steel ESR ingot main indicator of this method preparation are as follows: [O] content 18ppm, [H] content 2ppm, [P] content
59ppm, [S] content 6ppm, [B] content 20ppm, [Co] content 0.02%, carbon uniformity is ± 0.005% in steel ingot；
Non-metallic inclusion rank are as follows: A class is carefully 0 grade, B class is carefully 0 grade, C class is carefully 0 grade, D class is carefully 1.0 grades；Ingredient uniformly, nothing
Loose, pore-free, surface quality are good.
Claims (10)
1. being used for the slag charge of nuclear grade stainless steel electroslag remelting, which is characterized in that the weight percentage of the slag charge component is CaF2
40~70%, MgF21~10%, Al2O310~20%, CaO 10~20%, MgO 1~10%, BaO 0~3%, the slag charge
Purity is technical pure, and [Co]+[Nb]+[Ta]≤0.2%, [B]≤0.01%.
2. slag charge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the weight percentage of the slag charge component are as follows: CaF2 55~
60%、 MgF2 6~8%, Al2O3 12~16%, CaO 10~15%, MgO 6~7%, BaO 0.5%.
3. slag charge according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: in the component of the slag charge, MgF2+ MgO is 8~15%,
CaO+BaO is content >=Al of 13~20%, CaO+BaO+MgO2O3Content.
4. a kind of electro-slag re-melting method of nuclear grade stainless steel, which is characterized in that there is following steps:
1) electrode bar prepares
Using the vacuum ingot of vacuum induction melting furnace melting as electrode bar, remove electrode bar surface scale, by electrode bar with
Dummy electrode welding；
2) slag charge prepares
Slag charge each component is taken according to any proportion of claims 1 to 3, slag charge is toasted, is mixed, is gradually added into crystallizer
In, energization slugging continues energization 5~power off after ten minutes after slag charge all melting, and slag charge is cooled to room temperature, breaks into pieces, mixes
It is even, obtain pre-melted slag；
3) electroslag remelting
The pre-melted slag that step 2 is obtained is gradually added into crystallizer, the electrode bar slugging prepared with step 1), pre-melted slag melting
The oxide that appraises at the current rate is added afterwards, moves up and down simultaneously electrode bar 3~5 times and is stirred, energization remelting obtains nuclear grade stainless steel electroslag
Ingot.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the cross-sectional shape of electrode bar described in step 1) and the cross of crystallizer
Cross sectional shape is corresponding.
6. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: 30~55V of voltage of energization slugging described in step 2, electric current 3000
~6000A.
7. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: toast slag charge described in step 2, wherein CaF2、MgF2、Al2O3、
The baking regime of MgO, BaO are 600~900 DEG C × 4~6h, and the baking regime of CaO is 900 ~ 950 DEG C × 6~8h.
8. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the oxide that appraises at the current rate described in step 3) is MnO2, MnO, TiO2, rare earth
One or more of oxide, oxide dosage of appraising at the current rate are the 0.5 ~ 3% of slag charge weight.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized by: the rare earth oxide is cerium oxide or yttrium oxide.
10. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: [O]≤20ppm in nuclear grade stainless steel ESR ingot described in step 3),
[H]≤2ppm、[P]≤60ppm、[S]≤10ppm、[Co]≤0.1%、[B]≤0.005%。
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| CN109777919A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-21 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Reduce the remelting method and remelting slag system of ESR ingot oxygen content |
| CN111378848A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-07 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Pre-melted slag for electroslag remelting for improving purity of GH4169 alloy return and preparation method thereof |
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