CN114732013A - 一种基于分子抗病机制的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂 - Google Patents
一种基于分子抗病机制的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于农药技术领域，具体涉及一种基于分子抗病机制的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂。一种基于分子抗病机制的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂，其有效成分由细辛醚和氟酰胺、苯醚甲环唑或菌核净复配而成。本发明的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂中的有效成分在一定配比范围内对澳洲坚果白绢病病原菌表现出较为显著的增效作用，可以提高对澳洲坚果白绢病的防治效果，有利于降低农药的施用剂量和施药次数，降低防治成本和农药残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，具体涉及一种基于分子抗病机制的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂。
背景技术
澳洲坚果白绢病是苗床期幼苗的主要病害，常会造成幼苗连片死亡。澳洲坚果白绢病是由齐整小菌核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc)引起的病害。病原菌从幼苗的茎基侵入，发病初期病部水渍状湿腐，多长有白色菌丝体，典型病株有菌索紧贴其茎秆向上延伸生长至幼苗的第二、三轮叶片上，病株的下半部茎、叶密布菌丝及白色、咖啡色菌核；刚萌发的幼苗受侵染后，胚及胚乳腐烂，苗木死亡。
长期以来，化学药剂是防治澳洲坚果白绢病的主要且有效手段，然而由于长期单一用药和不科学用药，已导致病原菌对当前使用的农药产生了不同程度的抗性，施用剂量和施药次数逐渐增加仍难以有效防止病害的发展，同时施用剂量和施药次数的增加还会增加防治成本和农药残留。
细辛醚，英文名Sarisan，CAS号：18607-93-7，分子式：C11H12O3，分子量 192.21。申请号CN200710017493.X，公开了细辛醚用于防治植物病原菌引起的植物病害的杀菌作用，在该专利中还公开了细辛醚的化学名称及分子结构式，并具体公开了细辛醚在100mg/L时，对辣椒疫霉病菌、黄瓜菌核病菌、小麦纹枯病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、小麦全蚀病菌和甘蓝黑斑病原菌抑制率高达 100％，以及细辛醚对多种病原菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用毒力。
将不同农药混配是研制农药新品种的常用方法，通过对农药配方进行筛选，筛选出具有增效作用的配方，可以有效提高实际防治效果，减少施用剂量，降低防治成本和施药次数，延缓病害抗药性产生，是病害综合治理的重要手段。
目前，尚未发现有细辛醚和氟酰胺、苯醚甲环唑或菌核净复配的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于分子抗病机制的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂，其可以提高对澳洲坚果白绢病的防治效果，有利于降低农药的施用剂量和施药次数，降低防治成本和农药残留。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种基于分子抗病机制的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂，其有效成分由细辛醚和氟酰胺、苯醚甲环唑或菌核净复配而成。
作为优选，所述细辛醚和氟酰胺的质量比为1-7：40-1。
作为优选，所述细辛醚和苯醚甲环唑的质量比为1-20：30-1。
作为优选，所述细辛醚和菌核净的质量比为1-10：15-1。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂中的有效成分在一定配比范围内对澳洲坚果白绢病病原菌表现出较为显著的增效作用，可以提高对澳洲坚果白绢病的防治效果，有利于降低农药的施用剂量和施药次数，降低防治成本和农药残留。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1：澳洲坚果白绢病防治药剂筛选
1.供试菌株：采自受侵染的澳洲坚果幼苗，在实验室内分离和纯化获得的齐整小菌核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc)，将其保存于PDA斜面培养基上，并置于4℃冰箱中保存备用。
PDA培养基配方：去皮马铃薯200g、蔗糖20g、琼脂20g，加水至1000mL，自然pH。
2.供试药剂：98％细辛醚原药(成都植标化纯生物技术有限公司)、98％氟酰胺原药(泰州百力化学股份有限公司)、95％苯醚甲环唑(江苏优嘉植物保护有限公司)、96％菌核净(江西禾益化工股份有限公司)。
将供试药剂用二甲基亚砜溶剂溶解，然后用0.1％吐温-80水溶液稀释，配制成单剂母液，设置多组配比，各单剂和配比混剂均按等比方法设置5个质量浓度梯度。
3.试验方法：
采用菌丝生长速率法(慕立义，1994)：定量吸取药液1mL与9mL融化的PDA 培养基混匀，趁热倒入直径为9cm的无菌培养皿中，制成相应浓度的含药平板；并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照，每个处理设置3个重复。在每个含药平板和空白对照平板中央接种直径为4mm的供试菌菌饼，使带菌丝的一面贴在培养基表面，盖上皿盖后置于28℃恒温培养培养。待空白对照菌落的直径达培养皿直径的2/3 以上时，用十字交叉法测量菌落直径，计算不同处理对菌丝的生长抑制率。
4.数据分析：采用DPS软件进行数据统计分析，以杀菌剂浓度对数值为x，对应的菌丝生长抑制率几率值为y进行线性回归，得出毒力回归方程及药剂对靶标病菌的毒力EC50值，并根据孙云沛法计算共毒系数(CTC)。
5.测定结果
根据计算的共毒系数(CTC)评价药剂的增效作用，CTC≤80为拮抗作用，80 ＜CTC＜120为相加作用，CTC≥120为增效作用，结果见表1-3。
表1细辛醚和氟酰胺复配对澳洲坚果白绢病病原菌的毒力测定结果
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC<sub>50</sub>(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 细辛醚 | 37.12 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 氟酰胺 | 6.81 | 545.08 | -- | -- |
| 细辛醚1：氟酰胺40 | 3.97 | 935.01 | 534.23 | 175.02 |
| 细辛醚1：氟酰胺20 | 2.07 | 1793.24 | 523.89 | 342.29 |
| 细辛醚1：氟酰胺10 | 1.33 | 2790.98 | 504.62 | 553.09 |
| 细辛醚1：氟酰胺5 | 5.60 | 662.86 | 470.90 | 140.76 |
| 细辛醚1：氟酰胺1 | 6.41 | 579.10 | 322.54 | 179.54 |
| 细辛醚3：氟酰胺1 | 4.47 | 830.43 | 211.27 | 393.06 |
| 细辛醚5：氟酰胺1 | 6.08 | 610.53 | 174.18 | 350.51 |
| 细辛醚7：氟酰胺1 | 5.39 | 688.68 | 155.64 | 442.50 |
由表1可知，细辛醚和氟酰胺在质量比为1-7：40-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，说明细辛醚和氟酰胺复配后对澳洲坚果白绢病病原菌表现为增效作用。
表2细辛醚和苯醚甲环唑复配对澳洲坚果白绢病病原菌的毒力测定结果
由表2可知，细辛醚和苯醚甲环唑在质量比为1-20：30-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，说明细辛醚和苯醚甲环唑复配后对澳洲坚果白绢病病原菌表现为增效作用。
表3细辛醚和菌核净复配对澳洲坚果白绢病病原菌的毒力测定结果
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC<sub>50</sub>(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 细辛醚 | 37.12 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 菌核净 | 16.64 | 223.08 | -- | -- |
| 细辛醚1：菌核净15 | 11.60 | 320.00 | 215.38 | 148.57 |
| 细辛醚1：菌核净7 | 9.97 | 372.32 | 207.69 | 179.26 |
| 细辛醚1：菌核净5 | 8.48 | 437.74 | 202.56 | 216.10 |
| 细辛醚1：菌核净3 | 5.34 | 695.13 | 192.31 | 361.47 |
| 细辛醚1：菌核净1 | 8.75 | 424.23 | 161.54 | 262.62 |
| 细辛醚3：菌核净1 | 14.77 | 251.32 | 130.77 | 192.19 |
| 细辛醚5：菌核净1 | 17.93 | 207.03 | 120.51 | 171.79 |
| 细辛醚10：菌核净1 | 12.69 | 292.51 | 111.19 | 263.08 |
由表3可知，细辛醚和菌核净在质量比为1-10：15-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，说明细辛醚和菌核净复配后对澳洲坚果白绢病病原菌表现为增效作用。
综上所述，将细辛醚和氟酰胺、苯醚甲环唑或菌核净复配时，在一定配比范围内对澳洲坚果白绢病病原菌表现出较为显著的增效作用，可以提高对澳洲坚果白绢病的防治效果，有利于降低农药的施用剂量和施药次数，降低防治成本和农药残留。
上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，对于本领域技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，可以做适当的改进，这些改进也在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种基于分子抗病机制的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂，其特征在于，其有效成分由细辛醚和氟酰胺、苯醚甲环唑或菌核净复配而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂，其特征在于，所述细辛醚和氟酰胺的质量比为1-7：40-1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂，其特征在于，所述细辛醚和苯醚甲环唑的质量比为1-20：30-1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的澳洲坚果白绢病杀菌剂，其特征在于，所述细辛醚和菌核净的质量比为1-10：15-1。
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