CN114731917A - Method for planting cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil in micro-furrow manner - Google Patents
Method for planting cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil in micro-furrow manner Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting cyperus esculentus in micro-furrow in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: ploughing the soil of the saline-alkali soil, adding a soil loosening agent after ploughing, ploughing again, and leveling the soil after ploughing; burying a salt-removing concealed pipe, and irrigating for primary salt removal; plowing and piling a plurality of salt discharge ridges with trapezoidal sections on the saline-alkali soil, paving salt discharge pipelines in a spacing channel between two adjacent salt discharge ridges, and spraying clear water on the upper surface of each salt discharge ridge to perform secondary salt discharge; applying a soil conditioner to the saline-alkali soil after the salt is removed, carrying out secondary tillage, and applying a biological organic fertilizer; soaking seeds of cyperus esculentus for accelerating germination; and (4) carrying out micro-furrow ridging, planting cyperus esculentus, covering a mulching film, and carrying out field management. According to the micro-furrow planting method for the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil, the soil loosening agent and the soil conditioner are applied in sequence, and the salt removal treatment is performed twice, so that the effective improvement of the saline-alkali soil is realized, and the planted cyperus esculentus has extremely high emergence rate and survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil in micro-furrow mode.
Background
Cyperus esculentus, also called Cyperus esculentus, is a plant of the genus Cyperus of the family Cyperaceae. The cyperus esculentus is a commercial crop integrating grain, oil, grazing and feeding, and has high quality, high yield and wide comprehensive utilization prospect. Is not only a good oil crop, but also a good feed for livestock, and can be used as a good pasture for development and planting. In addition, it can be used as lubricating oil and soap. The cyperus esculentus has the oil yield of 30-40 percent, the oil color is clear and reddish, no precipitate, strong fragrance and no peculiar smell, the cyperus esculentus is rich in protein and amino acid, the nutritive value is extremely high, the cyperus esculentus is first-class edible oil, the quality is superior to that of rapeseed oil, sesame oil and the like, and the cyperus esculentus is called 'king of oil plants'. The cyperus esculentus can be processed into food, raw food, fried food and fried food besides oil pressing, and has fragrant and sweet taste. The cake after oil extraction is slightly sweet and fragrant, and can be used for making cake, brewing soy sauce, vinegar and wine, or extracting high-quality starch, sugar and cellulose, and the rest powder residue is a fine concentrated feed for aquaculture. The stem leaves of cyperus esculentus are slender and tough, and are ideal raw materials for weaving handicrafts. The cyperus esculentus has a plurality of advantages, so that the planting area of the cyperus esculentus is gradually increased at home at present, but the planting region has certain limitation, and in order to promote the planting of the cyperus esculentus in more regions, the cyperus esculentus planting method corresponding to various soil, climate and other conditions is needed.
Most of the saline-alkali soil formation is related to the accumulation of carbonates in the soil, so that the soil alkalization degree of the saline-alkali soil is generally higher, and serious saline-alkali soil plants can hardly survive. In the process of utilizing the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil can be simply divided into light saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and heavy saline-alkali soil. The soil salinity of the slight saline-alkali soil is below three thousandth, and the emergence rate is 70-80%; the soil salinity of the heavy saline-alkali soil exceeds thousands of direct current, and the emergence rate is lower than 50 percent; the soil salinity and emergence rate of the moderate saline-alkali soil are between those of the mild saline-alkali soil and the heavy saline-alkali soil. Because saline-alkali soil contains a certain amount of salt and is unfavorable for the growth of plants, a method different from the method for planting crops in other soil is adopted for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil. At present, the common methods for planting the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil comprise a saline-alkali soil improvement method and a saline-alkali soil plough layer soil replacement method, and the two methods have the core that the saline-alkali soil achieves the purpose of being suitable for the growth of the cyperus esculentus. The method for replacing the topsoil of the saline-alkali soil needs to use a large amount of alien soil (non-native soil which is moved from other places to replace original soil) to replace the topsoil of the saline-alkali soil, is high in labor and time cost, is not suitable for large-scale planting, has high requirements on the nutrient content, the moisture content and the gas-heat condition of the alien soil, and ensures good moisture and gas-heat exchange between the alien soil and lower-layer soil after replacement, so that the topsoil replacement method is not the best method for planting cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil. Meanwhile, the cyperus esculentus has certain alkali resistance and can grow in an environment with weak alkali in soil, so that the saline-alkali soil is improved to a certain extent to enable the saline-alkali soil to meet the growth requirement of the cyperus esculentus, and the method is the method with the lowest cost and the lowest labor consumption at present.
The micro-furrow planting method can obviously improve the water storage capacity of the soil, is beneficial to the seeds to absorb the soil moisture, improves the survival rate of seedling emergence, has the advantages of scientificity, reasonableness and simple and convenient operation, and effectively improves the unit yield of crops. Particularly for planting the cyperus esculentus in arid saline-alkali soil, the micro-furrow planting can effectively improve the emergence rate and the survival rate of the cyperus esculentus.
Based on the above, in order to enable the cyperus esculentus to grow in the saline-alkali soil and obtain higher yield, a micro-furrow planting method for the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for micro-furrow planting of cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil, comprising the steps of:
firstly, soil turning is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, a soil loosening agent is added after the soil is turned, the soil is turned again, and soil leveling is carried out after the soil is turned;
step two, burying a salt-removing concealed pipe, and irrigating water to carry out primary salt removal; a plurality of salt discharging ridges with trapezoidal sections are built on the saline-alkali soil in a turning and piling manner, salt discharging pipelines are laid in a spacing channel between every two adjacent salt discharging ridges, and clear water is sprayed on the upper surface of each salt discharging ridge to perform secondary salt discharging;
step three, applying a soil conditioner to the saline-alkali soil after the salt is removed, carrying out secondary plowing, and applying a biological organic fertilizer after the secondary plowing;
step four, soaking seeds of the cyperus esculentus for accelerating germination;
and fifthly, carrying out micro-furrow ridging, planting cyperus esculentus, covering a mulching film, and carrying out field management.
Preferably, in the first step, the soil plowing depth is 40-60 cm; and (3) adopting a multi-turn mode, wherein the time interval of two turns is 5-7 days, and pouring clear water into the saline-alkali soil after each turn, wherein the pouring amount of the clear water can ensure that the clear water seeps into the bottommost part of the turned soil within 3-5 min.
Preferably, the soil loosening agent used in the first step comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of dried bamboo slag, 8-20 parts of rice hull carbon, 4-7 parts of cotton stalk carbon, 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 5-9 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-30 parts of fresh cow dung, 6-8 parts of sandy soil, 5-14 parts of perlite, 0.6-1.2 parts of cow dung leavening agent and 0.1-0.5 part of citric acid; wherein the cow dung leaven is prepared by mixing bifidobacterium, saccharomycete and lactobacillus according to the proportion of 1: 3: 2;
the preparation method of the soil loosening agent comprises the following steps:
s11, stacking fresh cow dung into a cone stack, inserting a plurality of vertical channels into the fresh cow dung in the cone stack, putting a cow dung leavening agent into the vertical channels, covering a film on the channels for primary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation time is 3-5 days;
step S12, pouring calcium superphosphate and citric acid into the cow dung fermented for the first time, and covering a film again for secondary fermentation for 4-8 days;
step S13, adding dried bamboo residue, rice hull charcoal and cotton stalk charcoal into the cow dung fermented for the second time, stirring and mixing uniformly, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain solid powder; uniformly mixing and stirring perlite and sandy soil, dissolving polyacrylamide in 20-40 parts of clear water, uniformly spraying a polyacrylamide aqueous solution into the perlite and the sandy soil after complete dissolution to obtain mixed wet soil, mixing the mixed wet soil with solid powder, and drying in the sun to obtain the soil loosening agent.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent salt discharge ridges in the second step is 12-18 cm, the height of the salt discharge ridges is the same as the plowing depth of the saline-alkali soil, the width of the upper parts of the salt discharge ridges is 30-50 cm, the width of the lower parts of the salt discharge ridges is 80-120 cm, and the slope inclination angle of the salt discharge ridges is 40-70 degrees.
Preferably, the salt elimination pipeline used in the second step is formed by splicing a plurality of salt elimination units, and each salt elimination unit structurally comprises:
the two main body rods are spliced between the two salt discharging units in a manner that the connecting male head is embedded into the connecting female head;
two fixed cross bars which are respectively and fixedly arranged at two sides of the main body rod;
the supporting plate is hinged with the fixing transverse strip, a plurality of conical pointed tubes are fixedly arranged on the supporting plate, the tips of the conical pointed tubes face the outer side of the supporting plate, and the bottoms of the conical pointed tubes are flush with the inner surface of the supporting plate; the conical pointed tube is filled with absorbent cotton;
when secondary salt removal is carried out, a plurality of salt removal units are spliced and communicated into a whole to form a salt removal pipeline, and the salt removal pipeline is laid along the spaced channel; the angle of the supporting plate is adjusted to be consistent with the slope angle of the salt discharging ridge, the conical tip pipe is inserted into the salt discharging ridge, then clear water is sprayed above the salt discharging ridge, the clear water seeps downwards in the salt discharging ridge, most of soluble salt and part of insoluble salt take the clear water as a carrier and are absorbed by absorbent cotton, and therefore the purpose of secondary salt discharging is achieved.
Preferably, the soil conditioner used in the third step comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-24 parts of humus, 3-6 parts of calcium acetate, 5-15 parts of acidified cotton stalks, 1-4 parts of calcium sulfate, 6-20 parts of chicken manure, 3-10 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 3-8 parts of polyacrylamide;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step S31, soaking the cotton stalks in acetic acid for acidification for 24-72 h, and drying in the sun to obtain acidified cotton stalks; crushing acidified cotton stalks into cotton stalk powder, adding chicken manure, calcium acetate and calcium sulfate, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a coarse material;
s32, adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate and polyacrylamide into humus soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 1-3 days to obtain improved humus soil;
and step S33, mixing and stirring the coarse material and the improved humus uniformly to obtain the soil conditioner.
Preferably, the specific method for germination of the cyperus esculentus seed soaking in the fourth step comprises the following steps: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1-3 days, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 5-10 hours, wrapping the soaked cyperus esculentus seeds in gauze, washing the cyperus esculentus seeds with the warm water at 30-40 ℃ every 12-24 hours, and planting the cyperus esculentus after accelerating germination for 2-7 days.
Preferably, the field management in the fifth step comprises regular fertilization, weeding, pest expelling and irrigation.
Preferably, in the second step, the salt elimination concealed conduit is buried in the ploughed soil, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are both opened, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are exposed outside the saline-alkali soil, and a plurality of salt elimination holes are formed in the pipe body of the salt elimination concealed conduit; and taking out the salt-removing concealed pipe before secondary salt removal.
Preferably, the application amount of the soil loosening agent in the first step is 300-680 kg/mu; and in the third step, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 630-900 kg/mu.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
(1) the micro-furrow planting method for the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the soil loosening agent and the soil conditioner are sequentially applied, and the salt removal treatment is carried out twice, so that the effective improvement on the saline-alkali soil is realized, and the planted cyperus esculentus has extremely high emergence rate and survival rate, so that the yield of the planted cyperus esculentus is increased. The method for planting the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil provides technical reference for large-scale planting of the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil, and is favorable for large-scale popularization and planting of the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil. The saline-alkali soil subjected to the salt elimination treatment twice and soil loosening and soil improvement can keep stable water and fertilizer retention capacity for a long time, so that the saline-alkali soil can be used as planting soil of cyperus esculentus for a long time.
(2) The soil loosening agent used by the invention takes fermented fresh cow dung as a main raw material, and the fresh cow dung is fermented twice, wherein bifidus bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria are adopted as fermentation strains in the first fermentation, so that not only are harmful bacteria in the fresh cow dung killed, but also the fresh cow dung with crude fibers is further decomposed into sand-shaped and granular materials; the second fermentation takes calcium superphosphate and citric acid as fermentation raw materials, the calcium superphosphate is taken as a phosphorus source, the phosphorus content in the fresh cow dung is increased, the fresh cow dung is taken as a main raw material, the loosening agent has the function of a phosphate fertilizer, the addition of the citric acid is favorable for the release of phosphorus elements in the calcium superphosphate, and the utilization rate of the calcium superphosphate is improved; after the two times of fermentation, the fresh cow dung has granular feeling of sandy soil, the mixing affinity with the perlite and the sandy soil is enhanced, and the mixing uniformity of the fermented fresh cow dung, the dried bamboo residue, the rice hull carbon, the cotton stalk carbon, the perlite and the sandy soil after stirring is ensured. The soil loosening agent enhances the loosening property of the saline-alkali soil, enables the saline-alkali soil to form more pores, improves the granular structure of the saline-alkali soil, effectively avoids hardening of the saline-alkali soil, increases the water seepage capability of the soil, can take away more salinity by the water seeping downwards, and improves the discharge rate of the salinity in the subsequent salt discharge treatment process.
(3) The humic soil and the acidified cotton stalks are used as main raw materials of the soil conditioner, the cotton stalks are acidified by acetic acid, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively adjusted, more organic matrix is brought to the saline-alkali soil by adding the humic soil and the chicken manure, good nutritional conditions are laid for the subsequent sowing of the cyperus esculentus, and the survival and the growth of the cyperus esculentus after the cyperus esculentus is planted are facilitated.
(4) When the salt removing treatment is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, the salt removing treatment is carried out twice, most of soluble salt and part of insoluble salt in the saline-alkali soil are removed by using the buried salt removing concealed pipe for the first time, a small amount of salt which is not taken away is removed by using the salt removing pipeline for the second time, and the salt removing pipeline used for the second salt removing treatment is formed by splicing a plurality of salt removing units, so that the cost is low, the construction is convenient and fast, and the installation efficiency is high; each salt removing unit uses a support plate connected with the fixed transverse bar through a hinge as a carrier of the conical pointed pipe, and the angle of the support plate can be adjusted to adapt to salt removing ridges with different slope angles; the conical pointed pipe is used for being inserted into the salt removal ridge, and the water absorption cotton filled in the conical pointed pipe is used for absorbing residual salt water which cannot be infiltrated downwards, so that the salt removal amount is increased, and the saline-alkali soil after two times of salt removal has better cyperus esculentus growth conditions.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a splicing structure of two salt elimination units of a salt elimination pipeline provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic side sectional structure diagram of the salt discharging unit laid in the spacing ditch.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
It is to be understood that in the description of the present invention, the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are used broadly, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, or a communication between two elements, and those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention specifically.
Selecting a saline-alkali soil test field of 6 mu, dividing the saline-alkali soil test field into 6 equal blocks, namely, the size of each saline-alkali soil test field is 1 mu, and performing an independent cyperus esculentus planting test on each test field to obtain the following 3 examples and 3 comparative examples:
example 1
The embodiment provides a micro-furrow planting method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil plowing is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, and the plowing depth of the soil is 40 cm; the plowing mode adopts multiple plowing, the time interval of the two plowing is 5 days, clear water is poured into the saline-alkali soil after each plowing, and the pouring amount of the clear water can ensure that the clear water seeps into the bottommost part of plowed soil within 3 min; adding a soil loosening agent after ploughing, wherein the application amount of the soil loosening agent is 300 kg/mu, ploughing again, and leveling the soil after ploughing; the soil loosening agent comprises: 100kg dried bamboo slag, 80kg rice hull carbon, 40kg cotton stalk carbon, 20kg polyacrylamide, 50kg calcium superphosphate, 200kg fresh cow dung, 60kg sandy soil, 50kg perlite, 6kg cow dung leavening agent and 1kg citric acid; wherein the cow dung leaven is prepared by mixing bifidobacterium, saccharomycete and lactobacillus according to the proportion of 1: 3: 2;
the preparation method of the soil loosening agent comprises the following steps:
s11, stacking fresh cow dung into a cone stack, inserting a plurality of vertical channels into the fresh cow dung in the cone stack, putting a cow dung leavening agent into the vertical channels, covering a film for primary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation time is 3 days;
step S12, pouring calcium superphosphate and citric acid into the cow dung fermented for the first time, and covering a film again for secondary fermentation for 4 days;
step S13, adding dried bamboo residue, rice hull charcoal and cotton stalk charcoal into the cow dung fermented for the second time, stirring and mixing uniformly, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain solid powder; uniformly mixing and stirring perlite and sandy soil, dissolving polyacrylamide in 200kg of clear water, uniformly spraying a polyacrylamide aqueous solution in the perlite and the sandy soil after complete dissolution to obtain mixed wet soil, mixing the mixed wet soil with solid powder, and drying in the sun to obtain the soil loosening agent.
Step two, burying a salt-removing concealed pipe, and filling water for primary salt removal; the salt elimination concealed conduit is buried in the ploughed soil, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are both opened, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are exposed outside the saline-alkali soil, and a plurality of salt elimination holes are formed in the conduit body of the salt elimination concealed conduit; taking out the salt-removing concealed pipe, plowing and piling a plurality of salt-removing ridges with trapezoidal sections on the saline-alkali land, wherein the distance between two adjacent salt-removing ridges is 12cm, the height of each salt-removing ridge is the same as the plowing depth of the saline-alkali land, the width of the upper part of each salt-removing ridge is 40cm, the width of the lower part of each salt-removing ridge is 152cm, the slope inclination angle of each salt-removing ridge is 40 degrees, laying salt-removing pipelines in an interval channel between two adjacent salt-removing ridges, and spraying clear water on the upper surface of each salt-removing ridge to perform secondary salt removal;
the salt discharge pipeline used is formed by splicing a plurality of salt discharge units, as shown in fig. 1-2, each salt discharge unit structurally comprises:
one end of each main body rod 1 is provided with a connecting male head 101, the other end of each main body rod 1 is provided with a connecting female head 102, and the two main body rods 1 are spliced with each other in a mode that the connecting male heads 101 are embedded into the connecting female heads 102;
two fixed cross bars 2 which are respectively and fixedly arranged at two sides of the main body rod 1;
the supporting plate 3 is hinged with the fixed transverse strip 2, a plurality of conical pointed tubes 4 are fixedly arranged on the supporting plate 3, the pointed ends of the conical pointed tubes 4 face the outer side of the supporting plate 3, and the bottoms of the conical pointed tubes 4 are flush with the inner surface of the supporting plate 3; the tapered pointed tube 4 is filled with absorbent cotton 41;
when secondary salt removal is carried out, a plurality of salt removal units are spliced and communicated into a whole to form a salt removal pipeline, and the salt removal pipeline is laid along the spaced channel; the angle of the supporting plate 3 is adjusted to be consistent with the slope angle of the salt discharge ridge 6, the conical sharp pipe 4 is inserted into the salt discharge ridge 6, then clear water is sprayed above the salt discharge ridge 6, the clear water seeps downwards in the salt discharge ridge 6, most of soluble salt and part of insoluble salt are absorbed by the absorbent cotton by taking the clear water as a carrier, and therefore the purpose of secondary salt discharge is achieved.
Step three, applying a soil conditioner to the saline-alkali soil after the salt is removed, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner is 630 kg/mu, performing secondary plowing, and applying a biological organic fertilizer after the secondary plowing; the soil conditioner comprises: 50kg of humus, 30kg of calcium acetate, 50kg of acidified cotton stalks, 10kg of calcium sulfate, 60kg of chicken manure, 30kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 30kg of polyacrylamide;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step S31, soaking the cotton stalks in acetic acid for acidification for 24 hours, and drying in the sun to obtain acidified cotton stalks; crushing acidified cotton stalks into cotton stalk powder, adding chicken manure, calcium acetate and calcium sulfate, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a coarse material;
step S32, adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate and polyacrylamide into humus soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 1 day to obtain improved humus soil;
and step S33, mixing and stirring the coarse material and the improved humus uniformly to obtain the soil conditioner.
Step four, soaking seeds of cyperus esculentus for accelerating germination, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1 day, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 40 ℃ for 5 hours, wrapping the soaked cyperus esculentus seeds in gauze, washing the cyperus esculentus seeds with the warm water at 30 ℃ every 12 hours, and planting the cyperus esculentus after 2 days of germination acceleration.
And fifthly, carrying out micro-furrow ridging, planting cyperus esculentus, covering a mulching film, and carrying out field management, including periodic fertilization, weeding, insect expelling and irrigation.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a micro-furrow planting method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil plowing is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, and the plowing depth of the soil is 50 cm; the ploughing mode adopts multiple ploughing, the time interval of the two ploughing is 6 days, clear water is poured into the saline-alkali soil after each ploughing, and the pouring amount of the clear water can ensure that the clear water seeps into the bottommost part of the ploughed soil within 4 min; adding a soil loosening agent after ploughing, wherein the application amount of the soil loosening agent is 470 kg/mu, ploughing again, and leveling the soil after ploughing; the soil loosening agent comprises: 120kg dried bamboo slag, 130kg rice hull charcoal, 50kg cotton stalk charcoal, 30kg polyacrylamide, 30kg calcium superphosphate, 230kg fresh cow dung, 70kg sandy soil, 100kg perlite, 10kg cow dung leavening agent and 2kg citric acid; wherein the cow dung leaven is prepared by mixing bifidobacterium, saccharomycete and lactobacillus according to the proportion of 1: 3: 2;
the preparation method of the soil loosening agent comprises the following steps:
s11, stacking fresh cow dung into a cone stack, inserting a plurality of vertical channels into the fresh cow dung in the cone stack, putting a cow dung leavening agent into the vertical channels, covering a film for primary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation time is 4 days;
step S12, pouring calcium superphosphate and citric acid into the cow dung fermented for the first time, and covering a film again for the second fermentation for 6 days;
step S13, adding dried bamboo residue, rice hull charcoal and cotton stalk charcoal into the cow dung fermented for the second time, stirring and mixing uniformly, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain solid powder; mixing perlite and sandy soil uniformly, dissolving polyacrylamide in 300kg of clear water, uniformly spraying a polyacrylamide aqueous solution in the perlite and the sandy soil after complete dissolution to obtain mixed wet soil, mixing the mixed wet soil with solid powder, and drying in the sun to obtain the soil loosening agent.
Step two, burying a salt-removing concealed pipe, and irrigating water to carry out primary salt removal; the salt elimination concealed conduit is buried in the ploughed soil, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are both opened, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are exposed outside the saline-alkali soil, and a plurality of salt elimination holes are formed in the conduit body of the salt elimination concealed conduit; taking out the salt-removing concealed pipe, plowing and piling a plurality of salt-removing ridges with trapezoidal sections on the saline-alkali land, wherein the distance between two adjacent salt-removing ridges is 15cm, the height of each salt-removing ridge is the same as the plowing depth of the saline-alkali land, the width of the upper part of each salt-removing ridge is 45cm, the width of the lower part of each salt-removing ridge is 100cm, the slope inclination angle of each salt-removing ridge is 60 degrees, laying salt-removing pipelines in an interval channel between two adjacent salt-removing ridges, and spraying clear water on the upper surface of each salt-removing ridge to perform secondary salt removal;
the structures of the salt discharging pipeline and the salt discharging concealed pipe are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
step three, applying a soil conditioner to the saline-alkali soil after the salt is removed, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner is 700 kg/mu, performing secondary plowing, and applying a biological organic fertilizer after the secondary plowing; the soil conditioner comprises: 120kg of humus, 40kg of calcium acetate, 120kg of acidified cotton stalks, 20kg of calcium sulfate, 80kg of chicken manure, 90kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 50kg of polyacrylamide;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step S31, soaking the cotton stalks in acetic acid for acidification for 36h, and drying in the sun to obtain acidified cotton stalks; crushing acidified cotton stalks into cotton stalk powder, adding chicken manure, calcium acetate and calcium sulfate, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a coarse material;
step S32, adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate and polyacrylamide into humus soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 2 days to obtain improved humus soil;
and step S33, mixing and stirring the coarse material and the improved humus uniformly to obtain the soil conditioner.
Step four, soaking seeds of cyperus esculentus for accelerating germination, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 2 days, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 43 ℃ for 6 hours, wrapping the soaked cyperus esculentus seeds in gauze, washing the cyperus esculentus seeds with the warm water at 30 ℃ every 12 hours, and planting the cyperus esculentus after accelerating germination for 5 days.
And fifthly, carrying out micro-furrow ridging, planting cyperus esculentus, covering a mulching film, and carrying out field management, including periodic fertilization, weeding, insect expelling and irrigation.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a micro-furrow planting method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil plowing is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, and the plowing depth of the soil is 60 cm; the ploughing mode adopts multiple ploughing, the time interval of the two ploughing is 7 days, clear water is poured into the saline-alkali soil after each ploughing, and the pouring amount of the clear water can ensure that the clear water seeps into the bottommost part of the ploughed soil within 5 min; adding a soil loosening agent after ploughing, wherein the application amount of the soil loosening agent is 680 kg/mu, ploughing again, and leveling the soil after ploughing; the soil loosening agent comprises: 150kg dried bamboo slag, 200kg rice hull carbon, 70kg cotton stalk carbon, 50kg polyacrylamide, 90kg calcium superphosphate, 300kg fresh cow dung, 80kg sandy soil, 140kg perlite, 12kg cow dung leavening agent and 5kg citric acid; wherein the cow dung leaven is prepared by mixing bifidobacterium, saccharomycete and lactobacillus according to the proportion of 1: 3: 2;
the preparation method of the soil loosening agent comprises the following steps:
s11, stacking fresh cow dung into a cone stack, inserting a plurality of vertical channels into the fresh cow dung in the cone stack, putting a cow dung leavening agent into the vertical channels, covering a film for primary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation time is 5 days;
step S12, pouring calcium superphosphate and citric acid into the cow dung fermented for the first time, and covering a film again for the second fermentation for 8 days;
step S13, adding dried bamboo residue, rice hull charcoal and cotton stalk charcoal into the cow dung fermented for the second time, stirring and mixing uniformly, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain solid powder; uniformly mixing and stirring perlite and sandy soil, dissolving polyacrylamide in 400kg of clear water, uniformly spraying a polyacrylamide aqueous solution in the perlite and the sandy soil after complete dissolution to obtain mixed wet soil, mixing the mixed wet soil with solid powder, and drying in the sun to obtain the soil loosening agent.
Step two, burying a salt-removing concealed pipe, and irrigating water to carry out primary salt removal; the salt elimination concealed conduit is buried in the ploughed soil, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are both opened, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are exposed outside the saline-alkali soil, and a plurality of salt elimination holes are formed in the conduit body of the salt elimination concealed conduit; taking out the salt-removing concealed pipe, plowing and piling a plurality of salt-removing ridges with trapezoidal sections on the saline-alkali land, wherein the distance between two adjacent salt-removing ridges is 18cm, the height of each salt-removing ridge is the same as the plowing depth of the saline-alkali land, the width of the upper part of each salt-removing ridge is 50cm, the width of the lower part of each salt-removing ridge is 80cm, the slope inclination angle of each salt-removing ridge is 70 degrees, laying salt-removing pipelines in an interval channel between two adjacent salt-removing ridges, and spraying clear water on the upper surface of each salt-removing ridge to perform secondary salt removal;
the structures of the salt discharging pipeline and the salt discharging concealed pipe are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
step three, applying a soil conditioner to the saline-alkali soil after the salt is removed, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner is 870 kg/mu, performing secondary plowing, and applying a biological organic fertilizer after the secondary plowing; the soil conditioner comprises: 240kg of humus, 60kg of calcium acetate, 150kg of acidified cotton stalks, 40kg of calcium sulfate, 200kg of chicken manure, 100kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 80kg of polyacrylamide;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step S31, soaking the cotton stalks in acetic acid for acidification for 72h, and drying in the sun to obtain acidified cotton stalks; crushing acidified cotton stalks into cotton stalk powder, adding chicken manure, calcium acetate and calcium sulfate, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a coarse material;
step S32, adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate and polyacrylamide into humus soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 3 days to obtain improved humus soil;
and step S33, mixing and stirring the coarse material and the improved humus uniformly to obtain the soil conditioner.
Step four, soaking seeds of cyperus esculentus for accelerating germination, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 3 days, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 50 ℃ for 10 hours, wrapping the soaked cyperus esculentus seeds in gauze, washing the cyperus esculentus seeds with the warm water at 40 ℃ every 24 hours, and planting the cyperus esculentus after 7 days of germination acceleration.
And fifthly, carrying out micro-furrow ridging, planting cyperus esculentus, covering a mulching film, and carrying out field management, including periodic fertilization, weeding, insect expelling and irrigation.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a micro-furrow planting method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil plowing is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, and the plowing depth of the soil is 40 cm; the ploughing mode adopts multiple ploughing, the time interval of the two ploughing is 5 days, clear water is poured into the saline-alkali soil after each ploughing, and the pouring amount of the clear water can ensure that the clear water seeps into the bottommost part of the ploughed soil within 3 min; adding a soil loosening agent after ploughing, wherein the application amount of the soil loosening agent is 300 kg/mu, ploughing again, and leveling the soil after ploughing; the soil loosening agent comprises: 100kg dried bamboo slag, 80kg rice hull carbon, 40kg cotton stalk carbon, 20kg polyacrylamide, 200kg fresh cow dung, 60kg sandy soil, 50kg perlite and 6kg cow dung leavening agent; wherein the cow dung leaven is prepared by mixing bifidobacterium, saccharomycete and lactobacillus according to the proportion of 1: 3: 2;
the preparation method of the soil loosening agent comprises the following steps:
s11, stacking fresh cow dung into a cone stack, inserting a plurality of vertical channels into the fresh cow dung in the cone stack, putting a cow dung leavening agent into the vertical channels, covering a film for primary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation time is 3 days;
step S12, adding dried bamboo slag, rice hull carbon and cotton stalk carbon into the fermented cow dung, stirring and mixing uniformly, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain solid powder; uniformly mixing and stirring perlite and sandy soil, dissolving polyacrylamide in 200kg of clear water, uniformly spraying a polyacrylamide aqueous solution in the perlite and the sandy soil after complete dissolution to obtain mixed wet soil, mixing the mixed wet soil with solid powder, and drying in the sun to obtain the soil loosening agent.
Step two, burying a salt-removing concealed pipe, and irrigating water to carry out primary salt removal; the salt elimination concealed conduit is buried in the ploughed soil, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are both opened, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are exposed outside the saline-alkali soil, and a plurality of salt elimination holes are formed in the conduit body of the salt elimination concealed conduit; taking out the salt elimination concealed pipe, plowing and piling a plurality of salt elimination ridges with trapezoidal sections on the saline-alkali soil, wherein the distance between two adjacent salt elimination ridges is 12cm, the height of each salt elimination ridge is the same as the plowing depth of the saline-alkali soil, the width of the upper part of each salt elimination ridge is 40cm, the width of the lower part of each salt elimination ridge is 152cm, the slope inclination angle of each salt elimination ridge is 40 degrees, a salt elimination pipeline is laid in a spacing channel between two adjacent salt elimination ridges, and clear water is sprayed on the upper surface of each salt elimination ridge to carry out secondary salt elimination;
the structure and the laying mode of the salt discharge pipeline are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
step three, applying a soil conditioner to the saline-alkali soil after the salt is removed, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner is 630 kg/mu, performing secondary plowing, and applying a biological organic fertilizer after the secondary plowing; the soil conditioner comprises: 50kg of humus, 30kg of calcium acetate, 50kg of acidified cotton stalks, 10kg of calcium sulfate, 60kg of chicken manure, 30kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 30kg of polyacrylamide;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step S31, soaking the cotton stalks in acetic acid for acidification for 24 hours, and drying in the sun to obtain acidified cotton stalks; crushing acidified cotton stalks into cotton stalk powder, adding chicken manure, calcium acetate and calcium sulfate, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a coarse material;
step S32, adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate and polyacrylamide into humus soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 1 day to obtain improved humus soil;
and step S33, mixing and stirring the coarse material and the improved humus uniformly to obtain the soil conditioner.
Step four, soaking seeds of cyperus esculentus for accelerating germination, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1 day, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 40 ℃ for 5 hours, wrapping the soaked cyperus esculentus seeds in gauze, washing the cyperus esculentus seeds with the warm water at 30 ℃ every 12 hours, and planting the cyperus esculentus after 2 days of germination acceleration.
And fifthly, carrying out micro-furrow ridging, planting cyperus esculentus, covering a mulching film, and carrying out field management, including periodic fertilization, weeding, insect expelling and irrigation.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a micro-furrow planting method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil plowing is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, and the plowing depth of the soil is 40 cm; the ploughing mode adopts multiple ploughing, the time interval of the two ploughing is 5 days, clear water is poured into the saline-alkali soil after each ploughing, and the pouring amount of the clear water can ensure that the clear water seeps into the bottommost part of the ploughed soil within 3 min; adding a soil loosening agent after ploughing, wherein the application amount of the soil loosening agent is 300 kg/mu, ploughing again, and leveling the soil after ploughing; the soil loosening agent comprises: 100kg of dried bamboo residues, 80kg of rice hull carbon, 40kg of cotton stalk carbon, 20kg of polyacrylamide, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, 200kg of fresh cow dung, 60kg of sandy soil, 50kg of perlite, 6kg of cow dung leavening agent and 1kg of citric acid; wherein the cow dung leaven is prepared by mixing bifidobacterium, saccharomycete and lactobacillus according to the proportion of 1: 3: 2;
the preparation method of the soil loosening agent comprises the following steps:
s11, stacking fresh cow dung into a cone stack, inserting a plurality of vertical channels into the fresh cow dung in the cone stack, putting a cow dung leavening agent into the vertical channels, covering a film for primary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation time is 3 days;
step S12, pouring calcium superphosphate and citric acid into the cow dung fermented for the first time, and covering a film again for secondary fermentation for 4 days;
step S13, adding dried bamboo residue, rice hull charcoal and cotton stalk charcoal into the cow dung fermented for the second time, stirring and mixing uniformly, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain solid powder; uniformly mixing and stirring perlite and sandy soil, dissolving polyacrylamide in 200kg of clear water, uniformly spraying a polyacrylamide aqueous solution in the perlite and the sandy soil after complete dissolution to obtain mixed wet soil, mixing the mixed wet soil with solid powder, and drying in the sun to obtain the soil loosening agent.
Step two, burying a salt-removing concealed pipe, and irrigating water to carry out primary salt removal; the salt elimination concealed conduit is buried in the ploughed soil, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are both opened, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are exposed outside the saline-alkali soil, and a plurality of salt elimination holes are formed in the conduit body of the salt elimination concealed conduit;
step three, applying a soil conditioner to the saline-alkali soil after the salt is removed, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner is 630 kg/mu, performing secondary plowing, and applying a biological organic fertilizer after the secondary plowing; the soil conditioner comprises: 50kg of humus, 30kg of calcium acetate, 50kg of acidified cotton stalks, 10kg of calcium sulfate, 60kg of chicken manure, 30kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 30kg of polyacrylamide;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step S31, soaking the cotton stalks in acetic acid for acidification for 24 hours, and drying in the sun to obtain acidified cotton stalks; crushing acidified cotton stalks into cotton stalk powder, adding chicken manure, calcium acetate and calcium sulfate, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a coarse material;
step S32, adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate and polyacrylamide into humus soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 1 day to obtain improved humus soil;
and step S33, mixing and stirring the coarse material and the improved humus uniformly to obtain the soil conditioner.
Step four, soaking seeds of cyperus esculentus for accelerating germination, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1 day, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 40 ℃ for 5 hours, wrapping the soaked cyperus esculentus seeds in gauze, washing the cyperus esculentus seeds with the warm water at 30 ℃ every 12 hours, and planting the cyperus esculentus after 2 days of germination acceleration.
And fifthly, carrying out micro-furrow ridging, planting cyperus esculentus, covering a mulching film, and carrying out field management, including periodic fertilization, weeding, insect expelling and irrigation.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a micro-furrow planting method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil plowing is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, and the plowing depth of the soil is 40 cm; the ploughing mode adopts multiple ploughing, the time interval of the two ploughing is 5 days, clear water is poured into the saline-alkali soil after each ploughing, and the pouring amount of the clear water can ensure that the clear water seeps into the bottommost part of the ploughed soil within 3 min; adding a soil loosening agent after ploughing, wherein the application amount of the soil loosening agent is 300 kg/mu, ploughing again, and leveling the soil after ploughing; the soil loosening agent comprises: 100kg dried bamboo slag, 80kg rice hull carbon, 40kg cotton stalk carbon, 20kg polyacrylamide, 50kg calcium superphosphate, 200kg fresh cow dung, 60kg sandy soil, 50kg perlite, 6kg cow dung leavening agent and 1kg citric acid; wherein the cow dung leaven is prepared by mixing bifidobacterium, saccharomycete and lactobacillus according to the proportion of 1: 3: 2;
the preparation method of the soil loosening agent comprises the following steps:
s11, stacking fresh cow dung into a cone stack, inserting a plurality of vertical channels into the fresh cow dung in the cone stack, putting a cow dung leavening agent into the vertical channels, covering a film for primary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation time is 3 days;
step S12, pouring calcium superphosphate and citric acid into the cow dung fermented for the first time, and covering a film again for secondary fermentation for 4 days;
step S13, adding dried bamboo residue, rice hull charcoal and cotton stalk charcoal into the cow dung fermented for the second time, stirring and mixing uniformly, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain solid powder; uniformly mixing and stirring perlite and sandy soil, dissolving polyacrylamide in 200kg of clear water, uniformly spraying a polyacrylamide aqueous solution in the perlite and the sandy soil after complete dissolution to obtain mixed wet soil, mixing the mixed wet soil with solid powder, and drying in the sun to obtain the soil loosening agent.
Step two, burying a salt-removing concealed pipe, and filling water for primary salt removal; the salt elimination concealed conduit is buried in the ploughed soil, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are both opened, two ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are exposed outside the saline-alkali soil, and a plurality of salt elimination holes are formed in the conduit body of the salt elimination concealed conduit; taking out the salt-removing concealed pipe, plowing and piling a plurality of salt-removing ridges with trapezoidal sections on the saline-alkali land, wherein the distance between two adjacent salt-removing ridges is 12cm, the height of each salt-removing ridge is the same as the plowing depth of the saline-alkali land, the width of the upper part of each salt-removing ridge is 40cm, the width of the lower part of each salt-removing ridge is 152cm, the slope inclination angle of each salt-removing ridge is 40 degrees, laying salt-removing pipelines in an interval channel between two adjacent salt-removing ridges, and spraying clear water on the upper surface of each salt-removing ridge to perform secondary salt removal;
the structure and the laying mode of the salt discharge pipeline are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
step three, applying a soil conditioner to the saline-alkali soil after the salt is removed, wherein the application amount of the soil conditioner is 630 kg/mu, performing secondary plowing, and applying a biological organic fertilizer after the secondary plowing; the soil conditioner comprises: 50kg of humus, 30kg of calcium acetate, 50kg of cotton stalk, 10kg of calcium sulfate, 60kg of chicken manure, 30kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 30kg of polyacrylamide;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step S31, crushing cotton stalks into cotton stalk powder, adding chicken manure, calcium acetate and calcium sulfate, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a coarse material;
step S32, adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate and polyacrylamide into humus soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 1 day to obtain improved humus soil;
and step S33, mixing and stirring the coarse material and the improved humus uniformly to obtain the soil conditioner.
Step four, soaking seeds of cyperus esculentus for accelerating germination, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1 day, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 40 ℃ for 5 hours, wrapping the soaked cyperus esculentus seeds in gauze, washing the cyperus esculentus seeds with the warm water at 30 ℃ every 12 hours, and planting the cyperus esculentus after 2 days of germination acceleration.
And fifthly, carrying out micro-furrow ridging, planting cyperus esculentus, covering a mulching film, and carrying out field management, including periodic fertilization, weeding, insect expelling and irrigation.
After the cyperus esculentus is planted in 6 test fields respectively, the emergence rate of the cyperus esculentus and the survival rate of the cyperus esculentus after 60 days are counted after 30 days, and the statistical results are shown in the following table:
| rate of emergence (%) | Survival rate (%) | |
| Example 1 | 92 | 96 |
| Example 2 | 91 | 94 |
| Example 3 | 92 | 93 |
| Comparative example 1 | 64 | 71 |
| Comparative example 2 | 60 | 69 |
| Comparative example 3 | 67 | 68 |
From the table, the emergence rate and the survival rate of the cyperus esculentus planted in the examples 1, 2 and 3 of the cyperus esculentus micro-furrow planting method for the saline-alkali soil are far higher than those of the comparative examples 1 to 3.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A micro-furrow planting method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, soil turning is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, a soil loosening agent is added after the soil is turned, the soil is turned again, and soil leveling is carried out after the soil is turned;
step two, burying a salt-removing concealed pipe, and filling water for primary salt removal; plowing and piling a plurality of salt discharge ridges with trapezoidal sections on the saline-alkali soil, paving salt discharge pipelines in a spacing channel between two adjacent salt discharge ridges, and spraying clear water on the upper surface of each salt discharge ridge to perform secondary salt discharge;
step three, applying a soil conditioner to the saline-alkali soil after the salt is removed, carrying out secondary plowing, and applying a biological organic fertilizer after the secondary plowing;
step four, soaking seeds of the cyperus esculentus for accelerating germination;
and fifthly, carrying out micro-furrow ridging, planting cyperus esculentus, covering a mulching film, and carrying out field management.
2. The method for planting cyperus esculentus in micro-furrows in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the ploughing depth of the soil is 40-60 cm; and (3) adopting a multi-turn mode, wherein the time interval of two turns is 5-7 days, and pouring clear water into the saline-alkali soil after each turn, wherein the pouring amount of the clear water can ensure that the clear water seeps into the bottommost part of the turned soil within 3-5 min.
3. The method for planting cyperus esculentus in micro-furrows in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil loosening agent used in the first step comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of dried bamboo residues, 8-20 parts of rice hull carbon, 4-7 parts of cotton stalk carbon, 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 5-9 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-30 parts of fresh cow dung, 6-8 parts of sandy soil, 5-14 parts of perlite, 0.6-1.2 parts of cow dung leavening agent and 0.1-0.5 part of citric acid; wherein the cow dung leaven is prepared by mixing bifidobacterium, saccharomycete and lactobacillus according to the proportion of 1: 3: 2;
the preparation method of the soil loosening agent comprises the following steps:
s11, stacking fresh cow dung into a cone stack, inserting a plurality of vertical channels into the fresh cow dung in the cone stack, putting a cow dung leavening agent into the vertical channels, covering a film on the channels for primary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation time is 3-5 days;
step S12, pouring calcium superphosphate and citric acid into the cow dung fermented for the first time, and covering a film again for secondary fermentation for 4-8 days;
step S13, adding dried bamboo residue, rice hull charcoal and cotton stalk charcoal into the cow dung fermented for the second time, stirring and mixing uniformly, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain solid powder; uniformly mixing and stirring perlite and sandy soil, dissolving polyacrylamide in 20-40 parts of clear water, uniformly spraying a polyacrylamide aqueous solution into the perlite and the sandy soil after complete dissolution to obtain mixed wet soil, mixing the mixed wet soil with solid powder, and drying in the sun to obtain the soil loosening agent.
4. The method for planting cyperus esculentus in micro-furrows in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between two adjacent salt-removing ridges in the second step is 12-18 cm, the height of the salt-removing ridge is the same as the ploughing depth of the saline-alkali soil, the width of the upper part of the salt-removing ridge is 30-50 cm, the width of the lower part of the salt-removing ridge is 80-160 cm, and the slope inclination angle of the salt-removing ridge is 40-70 degrees.
5. The method for planting cyperus esculentus in micro-furrows in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein the salt elimination pipeline used in the second step is formed by splicing a plurality of salt elimination units, and each salt elimination unit has a structure comprising:
the two main body rods are spliced between the two salt discharging units in a manner that the connecting male head is embedded into the connecting female head;
two fixed cross bars which are respectively and fixedly arranged at two sides of the main body rod;
the supporting plate is hinged with the fixing transverse strip, a plurality of conical pointed tubes are fixedly arranged on the supporting plate, the tips of the conical pointed tubes face the outer side of the supporting plate, and the bottoms of the conical pointed tubes are flush with the inner surface of the supporting plate; the conical pointed tube is filled with absorbent cotton;
when secondary salt removal is carried out, a plurality of salt removal units are spliced and communicated into a whole to form a salt removal pipeline, and the salt removal pipeline is laid along the spaced channel; the angle of the supporting plate is adjusted to be consistent with the slope angle of the salt discharge ridge, the conical sharp pipe is inserted into the salt discharge ridge, then clear water is sprayed above the salt discharge ridge, the clear water seeps downwards in the salt discharge ridge, most of soluble salt and part of insoluble salt are absorbed by absorbent cotton by taking the clear water as a carrier, and therefore the purpose of secondary salt discharge is achieved.
6. The method for planting cyperus esculentus in micro-furrows in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner used in the third step comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-24 parts of humus, 3-6 parts of calcium acetate, 5-15 parts of acidified cotton stalks, 1-4 parts of calcium sulfate, 6-20 parts of chicken manure, 3-10 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 3-8 parts of polyacrylamide;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step S31, soaking the cotton stalks in acetic acid for acidification for 24-72 h, and drying in the sun to obtain acidified cotton stalks; crushing acidified cotton stalks into cotton stalk powder, adding chicken manure, calcium acetate and calcium sulfate, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a coarse material;
step S32, adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate and polyacrylamide into humus soil, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 1-3 days to obtain improved humus soil;
and step S33, mixing and stirring the coarse material and the improved humus uniformly to obtain the soil conditioner.
7. The micro-furrow planting method for the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for sprouting by soaking the cyperus esculentus in the fourth step comprises the following steps: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1-3 days, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 5-10 hours, wrapping the soaked cyperus esculentus seeds in gauze, washing the cyperus esculentus seeds with the warm water at 30-40 ℃ every 12-24 hours, and planting the cyperus esculentus after accelerating germination for 2-7 days.
8. The method for planting cyperus esculentus in micro-furrows in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the field management in the fifth step comprises regular fertilization, weeding, pest expelling and irrigation.
9. The method for planting cyperus esculentus in micro-furrows in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the salt elimination concealed conduit is buried in the ploughed soil, both ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit are open, both ends of the salt elimination concealed conduit leak out of the saline-alkali soil, and a plurality of salt elimination holes are arranged on the conduit body of the salt elimination concealed conduit; and taking out the salt-removing concealed pipe before secondary salt removal.
10. The micro-furrow planting method for the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the soil loosening agent in the first step is 300-680 kg/mu; and in the third step, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 630-900 kg/mu.
Priority Applications (1)
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