CN114729791A - 用于制冷设备的膨胀装置 - Google Patents

用于制冷设备的膨胀装置 Download PDF

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CN114729791A
CN114729791A CN201980101175.2A CN201980101175A CN114729791A CN 114729791 A CN114729791 A CN 114729791A CN 201980101175 A CN201980101175 A CN 201980101175A CN 114729791 A CN114729791 A CN 114729791A
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capillary tube
tube
expansion device
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suction
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E·F·H·D·古巴
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Hydro Extrusion Brasil SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/37—Capillary tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
    • B21C23/085—Making tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/151—Making tubes with multiple passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/26—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/06—Superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
    • F25B2400/052—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system between the capillary tube and another part of the refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
    • F25B2400/054—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system between the suction tube of the compressor and another part of the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/05—Cost reduction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制冷设备的膨胀装置，包括在单个挤出铝型材中的抽吸管(1)和毛细管(2)，其中，称为抽吸管(1)和毛细管(2)的两个平行管通过以连接部(3)的方式的壁部分连结在一起，其中所述成形成连接部的壁(3)因此能够被切割到足够的期望长度，以在该装置的两个顶端或仅一个顶端处释放抽吸管(1)和毛细管(2)的端部，在逻辑上使得所述顶端能够被处理和调适以适合于每个项目。

Description

用于制冷设备的膨胀装置
技术领域
本发明涉及包含抽吸管和毛细管的型材的挤出，以便改善商用冰柜、家用冰柜和冰箱中的热传递。更特别地，本发明涉及应用于传统上在诸如下列的不同制冷系统中使用的特定类型的膨胀装置的技术、功能和经济改进：一般的冰箱、冰柜、冷藏展示柜、冷藏柜、空调器和其他。
背景技术
在传统的制冷系统中，膨胀装置安装在冷凝器出口和蒸发器入口之间。具有高的压力和温度的制冷剂从冷凝器出来并进入膨胀装置，并且以具有低压和低温的液体和蒸气的混合物从膨胀装置中离开。进入蒸发器的这种混合物被称为“闪蒸气体”。无论何种类型，膨胀装置在制冷循环中用来执行两个重要功能：允许液态制冷剂以与其蒸发的速度相适应的流率进入蒸发器；并且提供压降和温降，从而将系统的高压侧与低压侧分开。在高侧和低侧之间的这种压力差使制冷剂在足够低的温度下在蒸发器中蒸发以吸收环境的热量，并使该制冷剂在足够高的温度下在冷凝器中冷凝以将室内热量移除到室外空气中。热量在膨胀装置中的制冷剂和围绕其的室外空气之间交换的时间如此短，以致于实际上可忽略不计。为此，我们可以说膨胀装置仅是压降装置。制冷剂的温度中的变化仅仅是压降的结果。由于膨胀装置内没有散热，只有温度下降，所以显热的一部分转化为潜热。
目前，在制冷系统中使用两种基本类型的膨胀装置：毛细管和阀，它们可为自动的、属于恒温膨胀和属于电子膨胀。
毛细管式膨胀装置最常用于小容量制冷系统中。毛细管是一种具有较小内径的管子，其通常在制冷系统中用来将高压管线与低压管线分离。毛细管的技术名称是热交换器，因为它总是盘绕在抽吸管周围，与抽吸管交换热量。通常由铜制成的毛细管常见于冰箱、空调、冰柜及其他的小容量冷却系统中。毛细管连接冷凝器出口与蒸发器入口。毛细管的内径从0.5到2.5 mm变化，并且长度从1.5到3.5 m变化，其中毛细管的该总长度的至少1.2 m必须软钎焊在吸入管线上，以便借助于来自蒸发器的冷蒸气获得冷却。
因此，构成膨胀装置的抽吸管线通常由铜或铝抽吸管线加上铜毛细管限定，两者彼此分开，然而，它们也以极其普通的方式使用诸如下列的一些简单的步骤组装：接收铜毛细管盘管和用于抽吸管线的另一个管盘管；毛细管和抽吸管线两者都必须以期望的长度切割；在抽吸管线处组装毛细管，保证两者之间的热交换面积；存在使用胶带来确保毛细管和抽吸管线之间的热交换面积的情况；并且抽吸管线加上毛细管具有弯曲部，使得它们保持在每个项目中规定的构造中。
因此，简而言之，抽吸管线和毛细管之间的联接是白色家电的HVAC(采暖通风与空调)细分市场所使用的已知技术。基本原理是在毛细管处冷却制冷剂，以减少在蒸发器入口处的焓值，并且然后改善热传递。另一方面，在抽吸管线处的制冷剂将升温，以避免呈液相的制冷剂进入压缩机，这会导致阀板破裂。
如已经提到的，存在市场上可用的抽吸管线和毛细管的联接解决方案：(a)热回缩套管和黏性胶带；(b)通过将毛细管插入抽吸管线的管内部来联接；(c)沿着抽吸管线硬钎焊毛细管。
在(a)和(b)中，抽吸管线可由铝或铜制成，并且毛细管始终由铝制成。在(c)中，抽吸管线和毛细管两者都由铜制成。在已知文献中，解决方案(c)是最有效的，因为制冷剂从液相变成蒸气，并且然后所有热量都通过传导性穿过管壁传递。在解决方案(b)中，不能断定毛细管将最终在制冷剂的液相中出现，并且在(a)中，毛细管和抽吸管线之间存在不良接触。
毫无疑问，现有技术提供了用于使毛细管膨胀装置限定能够高效地满足冷却系统中的几种应用的高效抽吸管线的手段，然而，观察到该套件呈现出可简化的工业可行性，因为以目前的方式，不可能降低总成本，不仅由于使用铜管，而且还需要组装步骤，并且在一些情况下进一步使用附加部件来增强热交换，所有这些都导致该套件的最终成本显著增加。
根据上述公开内容，期望提供一种解决方案，该解决方案遵循上述概念(c)结合主要在用集成挤出解决方案的铝毛细管替换铜毛细管方面的成本降低来提供甚至更高效的产品。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于限定一种遵循上述概念(c)结合主要在用集成挤出解决方案的铝毛细管替换铜毛细管方面的成本降低来提供甚至更高效的产品的技术解决方案。利用本单件膨胀装置实现所述解决方案，其中管线或抽吸管和毛细管在铝中挤出为单个型材，因此，我们有通过称为结合部的连续壁部分互连的两个平行管，其形成单个铝套件，其中在两个部件之间的连接部的细节已经集成到该套件，并且进一步消除也导致两个管之间的热交换增加的额外的组装部件，从而形成使用毛细管作为膨胀装置的用于不同冷却应用的套件，而不论是商业应用还是家庭应用，诸如：冰箱、冰柜、展示柜、冷藏柜、空调和其他。
所关注的膨胀装置呈现不同的技术、实用和经济优势，因为最初观察到铝的成本显著低于铜的成本，并且此外铝的密度相当于铜的密度的30%，分别为2.70 g/cm3和8.90g/cm3。这意味着具有较低重量的解决方案。由于毛细管与管(抽吸管线)共同挤出，预先确保了在毛细管与抽吸管线之间的热交换面积，从而消除了对胶带或硬钎焊的需要。另外，客户方面的库存规划/计划的物件数从2个物件(抽吸管线管和毛细管)减少到1个物件。在热交换方面有改进的预期，因为该套件缩减为单件。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明，下面参照附图对其进行详细描述：
图1表示示出本装置的透视图；
图2示出强调该套件的单个型材的放大截面图；
图3图示另一截面图(但为纵向的)，突出两个管之间的连接壁；和
图4是透视图，其突出两个管的端部可容易地部分分离的事实。
具体实施方式
根据这些图示及其细节，更具体地图1、图2和图3，本发明“用于制冷设备的膨胀装置”包括抽吸管(1)和毛细管(2)，其特征在于如下事实：它们由单个挤出的铝型材形成，其中称为抽吸管(1)和毛细管(2)的两个平行管通过成形成连接部的壁部分(3)互连。
如图4所图示，所述成形成连接部的壁(3)属于如下类型，其可被切割到足够的期望长度，以在装置的两个顶端或仅一个顶端处释放抽吸管(1)和毛细管(2)的端部，在逻辑上使得所述顶端可被处理和调适以适合每个项目。
该套件被限定为单件，因此，抽吸管线加上毛细管可具有不同的弯曲部和曲线，不仅在那些单独的顶端处，而且沿着整个件，从而提供使每个套件具有针对每个项目的规定构造的手段。
该套件的操作与现有技术完全相同，即制冷剂流体继续流过抽吸管(1)和毛细管(2)，即具有高压和高温的制冷剂从冷凝器出来并进入膨胀装置，并且以具有低压和低温的液体和蒸气的混合物从膨胀装置中离开。进入蒸发器的这种混合物被称为“闪蒸气体”。无论何种类型，膨胀装置在制冷循环中用来执行两个重要功能：允许液态制冷剂以与其蒸发的速度相适应的流率进入蒸发器；并且提供压降和温降，从而将系统的高压侧与低压侧分开。在高侧和低侧之间的这种压力差使制冷剂在足够低的温度下在蒸发器中蒸发以吸收环境的热量，并使该制冷剂在足够高的温度下在冷凝器中冷凝以将室内热量移除到室外空气中。
将应当理解，用于制冷设备的膨胀装置相对于抽吸管和毛细管的某些特性和组合可在保持该套件的相同功能概念的同时显著变化。因此，应当注意，现在作为示例详细描述的实施例显然容易遭受结构变化，然而，总是在现在公开的发明概念的范围内来限定单件中的膨胀装置，其中抽吸管线或管和毛细管以铝挤出为单个型材，并且由于可根据法律规定的要求在现在详细描述的构造中进行许多改变，因此应当理解，必须以说明性而非限制性的方式解释本细节。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于制冷设备的膨胀装置，包括抽吸管(1)和毛细管(2)，其特征在于，所述膨胀装置由单个挤出铝型材形成，其中称为所述抽吸管(1)和所述毛细管(2)的两个平行管通过以连接部(3)的方式的壁部分连结在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于制冷设备的膨胀装置，其特征在于，成形成连接部的所述壁(3)能够被切割到足够的期望长度，以在所述装置的两个顶端或仅一个顶端处释放所述抽吸管(1)和所述毛细管(2)的端部，使得所述顶端能够被处理和调适以适合每个项目。
CN201980101175.2A 2019-08-09 2019-08-09 用于制冷设备的膨胀装置 Pending CN114729791A (zh)

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MX2022001580A (es) 2022-10-27
WO2021026620A1 (pt) 2021-02-18
EP4012318A1 (en) 2022-06-15
AR119772A1 (es) 2022-01-12
US20220397319A1 (en) 2022-12-15
JP2022546214A (ja) 2022-11-04
KR20220056855A (ko) 2022-05-06

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