CN114725644B - E-surface branch waveguide directional coupler with ultralow amplitude unevenness - Google Patents
E-surface branch waveguide directional coupler with ultralow amplitude unevenness Download PDFInfo
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- CN114725644B CN114725644B CN202210499449.1A CN202210499449A CN114725644B CN 114725644 B CN114725644 B CN 114725644B CN 202210499449 A CN202210499449 A CN 202210499449A CN 114725644 B CN114725644 B CN 114725644B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an E-plane branch waveguide directional coupler with ultralow amplitude unevenness, which comprises two standard rectangular waveguides parallel to each other and a plurality of waveguide branches parallel to each other, wherein the waveguide branches are arranged between the coupling surfaces of the two standard rectangular waveguides, and a groove is formed in a waveguide wall between the two waveguide branches. The invention is optimized by adding grooves on the waveguide wall between the branch waveguides, and compared with the traditional branch waveguide directional coupler, the ultra-low amplitude unevenness is realized within the same working bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave terahertz radars or communication, in particular to an E-plane branch waveguide directional coupler with ultralow amplitude unevenness.
Background
Directional couplers are four-port passive elements for power distribution and are widely used in microwave systems. It has indispensable roles in electronic countermeasure, communication system, radar system, and test and measurement instrument. Its main uses are synthesizing and distributing power, expanding power range, monitoring power and frequency spectrum, etc. In some important microwave measuring instruments such as vector network analyzers, reflectometers, etc., directional couplers are also widely used. Terahertz waves are a main frequency band developed by solving the problem of frequency spectrum congestion of electromagnetic waves in the future as the current electronic technology, and the terahertz waves are widely concerned in the aspects of communication, anti-terrorism detection, astronomical detection and the like, and the directional coupler is an important device in a circuit, so that the research on the directional coupler of millimeter waves and even terahertz frequency bands has very high application value. In a millimeter wave frequency band or a terahertz frequency band, the circuit size is sharply reduced, so that the traditional microstrip line coupler is difficult to process. The waveguide directional coupler is a very common circuit structure capable of realizing power distribution/synthesis in a millimeter wave or terahertz wave band, and the branched waveguide directional coupler is a four-port tightly-coupled orthogonal hybrid bridge, has the advantages of port matching, high isolation, low insertion loss and the like, improves the defects of a three-port element, has the characteristic of high power capacity, and has very high application potential in high-power synthesis, wherein the traditional five-branched waveguide structure is shown in figure 1.
However, the amplitude unevenness between the two output ports of the conventional branched waveguide directional coupler is inversely proportional to the operating bandwidth, and in order to realize a wider operating bandwidth, the amplitude unevenness at the center frequency inevitably deteriorates, thereby affecting the performance of the branched waveguide directional coupler.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve lower amplitude unevenness in a relatively wide operating band, the invention provides an E-plane branch waveguide directional coupler with ultralow amplitude unevenness.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an E-plane branch waveguide directional coupler with ultralow amplitude unevenness comprises two standard rectangular waveguides which are parallel to each other, and a plurality of waveguide branches which are parallel to each other and arranged between the coupling surfaces of the two standard rectangular waveguides, wherein a groove is formed in a waveguide wall between the two waveguide branches.
In the traditional branched waveguide directional coupler, waveguide branches are connected by a waveguide transmission line, and because the waveguide height and the impedance of the waveguide transmission line are related and the waveguide height of the waveguide transmission line is constant, the bandwidth matching of the coupler cannot be realized. In order to change the impedance of the section of transmission line while achieving bandwidth matching, the present invention provides a groove in the waveguide wall between each waveguide branch. The waveguide height of the waveguide transmission line with the structure is continuously changed along with the depth of the groove, so that the impedance of the transmission line is changed, and the bandwidth matching is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, the E-plane branched waveguide directional coupler of the present invention has a centrosymmetric structure.
In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of waveguide branches of the present invention are of the same height.
As a preferred embodiment, the standard rectangular waveguide of the present invention has dimensions of 1.295mm x 0.648mm.
As a preferred embodiment, the grooves of the present invention have a length of 0.2mm and a depth of 0.08mm to 0.11mm.
As a preferred embodiment, the height of the waveguide branches of the present invention is 0.25mm.
As a preferred embodiment, the spacing between two standard rectangular waveguides of the present invention is 0.33mm.
As a preferred embodiment, the branched waveguide directional coupler of the present invention includes five waveguide branches.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the branched waveguide directional coupler provided by the invention has the advantages that the waveguide impedance of the transmission line between the waveguide branches is continuously changed gradually by arranging the groove on the waveguide wall between the two waveguide branches, the working bandwidth of the coupler is favorably expanded, and in addition, the working bandwidth and the amplitude unevenness are in inverse proportion, so the amplitude unevenness of the coupler structure provided by the invention is greatly reduced under the condition of the same working bandwidth.
The coupler adopts a central symmetry structure, and the waveguide height of each waveguide branch is the same, so that the design difficulty and the structure complexity of the coupler are simplified, and the processing error is favorably reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional branched waveguide directional coupler.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a branched waveguide directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of structural parameters of a conventional branched waveguide directional coupler.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural parameter diagram of a branched waveguide directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a comparison graph of the S11 simulation results of the conventional five-branch waveguide directional coupler and the five-branch waveguide directional coupler according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a comparison graph of the S41 simulation results of the conventional five-branch waveguide directional coupler and the five-branch waveguide directional coupler according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a comparison graph showing the phase unevenness simulation results of the conventional fife-finger waveguide directional coupler and the fife-finger waveguide directional coupler according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a comparison graph of the magnitude unevenness simulation results of the conventional five-branch waveguide directional coupler and the five-branch waveguide directional coupler of the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-first rectangular waveguide, 2-second rectangular waveguide, 3-waveguide branch, 4-groove, 5-waveguide branch waveguide height, 6-waveguide transmission line.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the term "including" or "may include" used in various embodiments of the present invention indicates the presence of the inventive function, operation, or element, and does not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations, or elements. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" and their derivatives are intended to mean that the specified features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, are only meant to indicate that a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as first excluding the existence of, or adding to the possibility of, one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.
In various embodiments of the invention, the expression "or" at least one of a or/and B "includes any or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "a or B" or "at least one of a or/and B" may include a, may include B, or may include both a and B.
Expressions (such as "first", "second", and the like) used in various embodiments of the present invention may modify various constituent elements in various embodiments, but may not limit the respective constituent elements. For example, the above description does not limit the order and/or importance of the elements described. The foregoing description is for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another. For example, the first user device and the second user device indicate different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that: if it is described that one constituent element is "connected" to another constituent element, the first constituent element may be directly connected to the second constituent element, and a third constituent element may be "connected" between the first constituent element and the second constituent element. In contrast, when one constituent element is "directly connected" to another constituent element, it is understood that there is no third constituent element between the first constituent element and the second constituent element.
The terminology used in the various embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the various embodiments of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments of the present invention belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their contextual meaning in the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in various embodiments of the present invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The amplitude unevenness between two output ports of the conventional branched waveguide directional coupler is inversely proportional to the operating bandwidth, and in order to realize a wider operating bandwidth, the amplitude unevenness at the center frequency is inevitably deteriorated, and thus, in order to realize a lower amplitude unevenness in a relatively wide operating band, further optimization of the structure of the branched waveguide directional coupler is required. Based on this, the present embodiment provides an E-plane branch waveguide directional coupler with ultra-low amplitude unevenness, and the branch waveguide directional coupler provided by the present embodiment is optimized by adding grooves on the waveguide wall between the branch waveguides, thereby realizing ultra-low amplitude unevenness within the same operating bandwidth.
The present embodiment takes a five-branch waveguide directional coupler as an example to describe the structure of the E-plane branch waveguide directional coupler in detail.
As shown in fig. 2, the E-plane branched waveguide directional coupler of the present embodiment includes a first rectangular waveguide 1 and a second rectangular waveguide 2 arranged in parallel with each other, and five waveguide branches 3 arranged between the coupling surfaces of the first rectangular waveguide 1 and the second rectangular waveguide 2, and the five waveguide branches 3 are arranged in parallel. In the conventional branched waveguide directional coupler, waveguide branches are connected by a waveguide transmission line, because the waveguide height and impedance of the waveguide transmission line are related, and the waveguide height of the waveguide transmission line is constant, the bandwidth matching of the coupler cannot be realized, and in order to change the impedance of the waveguide transmission line and simultaneously realize the bandwidth matching, a groove 4 is arranged on the waveguide wall of the waveguide transmission line 6 between two adjacent waveguide branches 3. The waveguide height of the waveguide transmission line 6 with the groove 4 is continuously changed along with the depth of the groove, so that the impedance of the waveguide transmission line is continuously changed gradually, the expansion of the working bandwidth of the coupler is facilitated, and in addition, the working bandwidth and the amplitude unevenness are in inverse proportion, so under the condition of the same bandwidth, the amplitude unevenness of the branch waveguide directional coupler adopting the coupler structure design of the embodiment is lower.
The structure of the groove 4 in this embodiment may be a square structure, and for convenience of processing, an arc structure may also be adopted.
The structure of the E-plane branched waveguide directional coupler of the present embodiment is centrosymmetric.
In addition, in the conventional branched waveguide directional coupler, the heights of the waveguide branches are different, and as can be seen from fig. 1, taking a five-branched waveguide directional coupler as an example, the waveguide heights of the first branch and the fifth branch are a, the waveguide heights of the second branch, the third branch and the fourth branch are c, and the values of a and c are obtained by theoretical derivation under ideal conditions. In order to better realize bandwidth matching, the waveguide height 5 of each waveguide branch is the same in the embodiment, and meanwhile, the design difficulty and the structural complexity of the coupler are also reduced.
Meanwhile, the coupler of the embodiment has a centrosymmetric structure, and the waveguide height of each waveguide branch is the same, so that the coupler is beneficial to reducing the processing error.
It should be noted that the five-branch waveguide directional coupler structure shown in fig. 2 is an embodiment, and the above structural design proposed in this embodiment is not only applicable to a five-branch waveguide directional coupler, but also applicable to directional coupler designs with other branch waveguide numbers, such as a three-branch waveguide directional coupler, a four-branch waveguide directional coupler, and the like.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a five-branch waveguide directional coupler is taken as an example, WR-5.1 standard rectangular waveguide (a × b =1.295mm × 0.648mm) is adopted, and 191.5GHz is adopted as the center frequency, so that the ultra-low amplitude unevenness characteristic of the coupler proposed in embodiment 1 of the present invention is described by comparing the performance of the conventional five-branch waveguide directional coupler and the performance of the five-branch waveguide directional coupler proposed in embodiment 1 described above.
First, structural parameters of the conventional branched waveguide directional coupler and the branched waveguide directional coupler proposed in embodiment 1 of the present invention are given, as shown in fig. 3 to 4. Wherein t represents the length of the waveguide branch, p represents the height of the head and tail waveguide branches, q represents the height of the middle waveguide branch, and w represents the distance between the centers of the adjacent waveguide branches.
The present embodiment gives two structural parameters of the coupler, as shown in table 1, where p = q, l represents the length of the groove, and h represents the depth of the groove in the branched waveguide directional coupler proposed in embodiment 1 of the present invention (grooves of two different depths, i.e., h1 and h2, are identified in fig. 4).
TABLE 1 FIVE-BRANCH WAVEGUIDE DIRECTIONAL COUPLER OF THE INVENTION AND TRADITIONAL FIVE-BRANCH WAVEGUIDE DIRECTIONAL COUPLER STRUCTURE PARAMETERS
In this embodiment, simulation tests are respectively performed on the S parameters, the amplitude unevenness, and the phase unevenness of the two couplers, so as to obtain a comparison graph of S11 simulation results of the two couplers shown in fig. 5, a comparison graph of S41 simulation results of the two couplers shown in fig. 6, a comparison graph of phase unevenness simulation results of the two couplers shown in fig. 7, and a comparison graph of amplitude unevenness simulation results of the two couplers shown in fig. 8.
In engineering applications, S11 is typically required to be below-15 dB, so it can be seen from simulation results that both couplers meet engineering requirements.
In addition, as can be seen from the phase unevenness simulation result, the phase unbalance degrees of the two couplers are both near 90 degrees, so the phase unbalance degrees also meet the design requirements.
From the amplitude unevenness simulation results, under the requirement of the same bandwidth (172 GHz-211 GHz), the amplitude unevenness of the traditional branched waveguide directional coupler is 0.43dB at the central frequency, while the amplitude unevenness of the branched waveguide directional coupler proposed by the above embodiment is 0.06dB (86% reduction), so that the branched waveguide directional coupler proposed by the above embodiment has the characteristic of ultra-low amplitude unevenness.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An E-plane branch waveguide directional coupler with ultralow amplitude unevenness comprises two standard rectangular waveguides which are parallel to each other, and a plurality of waveguide branches which are arranged between the coupling surfaces of the two standard rectangular waveguides and are parallel to each other, and is characterized in that a groove is formed in a waveguide wall of a waveguide transmission line between every two adjacent waveguide branches, so that the waveguide height of the waveguide transmission line is continuously changed along with the depth of the groove, and the impedance of the waveguide transmission line is changed; the E-surface branch waveguide directional coupler is of a centrosymmetric structure; the heights of the plurality of waveguide branches are the same.
2. The ultra-low amplitude unevenness E-plane branched waveguide directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the standard rectangular waveguide has a size of 1.295mm x 0.648mm.
3. The directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein the grooves have a length of 0.2mm and a depth of 0.08mm-0.11mm.
4. The ultra-low amplitude unevenness E-plane waveguide directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the height of the waveguide branches is 0.25mm.
5. The directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between two standard rectangular waveguides is 0.33mm.
6. The ultra-low amplitude unevenness E-plane waveguide directional coupler of claim 1, comprising five waveguide branches.
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| US4635006A (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1987-01-06 | Rca Corporation | Adjustable waveguide branch directional coupler |
| CN104183896A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-12-03 | 电子科技大学 | Four-port device testing structure applicable to terahertz frequency band |
| CN206388834U (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-08-08 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | A kind of 32 road waveguide E face power splitters |
| CN107134627A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-05 | 中北大学 | Many diamond hole coupled mode guide directional couplers |
| CN108649308A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-12 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of modified Terahertz branched guide coupler |
| WO2022091283A1 (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Branch line coupler |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4498065B2 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2010-07-07 | 京セラ株式会社 | Directional coupler type branching device, high-frequency transmitter / receiver including the same, and radar apparatus |
| CN204966651U (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-13 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | Directional coupler of broadband millimeter waveguide branch |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4635006A (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1987-01-06 | Rca Corporation | Adjustable waveguide branch directional coupler |
| CN104183896A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-12-03 | 电子科技大学 | Four-port device testing structure applicable to terahertz frequency band |
| CN206388834U (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-08-08 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | A kind of 32 road waveguide E face power splitters |
| CN107134627A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-05 | 中北大学 | Many diamond hole coupled mode guide directional couplers |
| CN108649308A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-12 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of modified Terahertz branched guide coupler |
| WO2022091283A1 (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Branch line coupler |
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