CN117096568A - Arch three-branch waveguide directional coupler - Google Patents
Arch three-branch waveguide directional coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN117096568A CN117096568A CN202311353850.5A CN202311353850A CN117096568A CN 117096568 A CN117096568 A CN 117096568A CN 202311353850 A CN202311353850 A CN 202311353850A CN 117096568 A CN117096568 A CN 117096568A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an arched three-branch waveguide directional coupler, which belongs to the field of electronic components, in particular to a waveguide coupler. The common 3 branch line coupler structure is relatively poor in coupling performance and relatively narrow in bandwidth, and the branch waveguide structure is used for improving the width of the narrowest coupling hole to the level of 0.2mm on the basis of realizing the same performance as that of the common 5 branch line coupler, so that the processing requirement is greatly reduced, and the cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the width of the narrowest coupling hole of the coupler is more than one time wider than that of the narrowest coupling hole of the coupler with the traditional 5 branch line structure, the processed metal branch structure is stronger and firmer, and the improved structure is less prone to deformation under the same stress condition in the long-term use process, so that the service life of the coupler is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electronic components, and particularly relates to an arched three-branch waveguide directional coupler.
Background
Terahertz waves generally refer to electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 10THz and wavelengths ranging from 0.003 to 3mm, and are generated by mutual coupling of periodic changes of an electric field and a magnetic field. Depending on the frequency, it may be arranged on an axis, similar to the family of families, called the electromagnetic spectrum by scientists. The left side wavelength of the terahertz wave deviates to the long wave direction, belongs to the microwave range, and is suitable for electronics theory; the right side wavelength is biased to the short wave direction, belongs to the infrared and visible light ranges, and is suitable for photonics theory. Terahertz waves are located in an embarrassing electromagnetic spectrum transition region between microwaves and infrared, have macroscopic classical theory and microscopic quantum theory, combine multiple subjects of optoelectronics, semiconductor science, material science and the like, and are a field of research and development for people to the greatest extent at present. Terahertz waves have unique characteristics such as high frequency, short wavelength, large bandwidth, low photon energy, strong penetrability and fingerprint spectrum properties compared with waves in other frequency bands. The characteristics make the device have important application value in the fields of atmospheric environment monitoring, communication, radar, national security and the like, and become a high point of scientific and technical control for competing for various countries.
The directional coupler is a passive four-port circuit with directivity, is mainly used for distributing power, can be designed into any power distribution ratio, and has indispensable functions in electronic countermeasure, communication systems, radar systems and test and measurement instruments. Directional couplers are also used in a wide variety of important measuring instruments, such as vector network analyzers, reflectometers, and the like.
In the terahertz frequency band, as the interference between microstrip lines of the microstrip coupler is serious and the processing of coupling holes in the waveguide is very difficult, the branched waveguide directional coupler becomes a main circuit structure of the terahertz frequency band coupler, has the advantages of matching of all ports, high isolation, small insertion loss and the like, improves the defects of a three-port network, and has the characteristic of high power capacity. The research theory of the branch waveguide directional coupler is mainly based on the theory of the microstrip branch line coupler, but when the working frequency of the coupler rises to the millimeter wave frequency band, the width of the branch waveguide is no longer far smaller than the narrow side width of the main waveguide, and the introduced error is also larger and larger. In 1956, american scholars John Reed proposed a theoretical relationship between branching waveguide width and coupler coupling based on network analysis and parity-mode analysis: the bandwidth of the terahertz waveguide coupler increases with the number of branches, but the width of each branch narrows accordingly. According to researches, for example, a 3dB coupler in 220GHz frequency band has the sum of branch widths of 0.6mm, if the sum of the branch widths is a 5-branch structure commonly used at present, each branch width is 0.12mm, the terahertz frequency band branch waveguide directional coupler reported at present mostly adopts a multi-branch 5-branch structure or even a 6-9-branch structure in order to ensure excellent performance, if the sum of the branch widths is 5 branches, each branch width is 0.12mm, and each branch width is less than 0.1mm when the sum of the branch widths is 7 branches, so that higher requirements are provided for cavity processing, and bending and even breakage are very easy to occur in the processing process. The narrowest coupling hole is extremely sensitive to size due to the narrower width, and in actual processing, if the processing precision cannot be ensured, the performance of the coupler is obviously deteriorated. Meanwhile, the high-precision cavity machining requirement also greatly increases the machining cost, and the existence of the narrow branch line can lead to the stability and the service life of the coupler to be greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of difficult processing and short service life of the narrowest branch of the branch line waveguide directional coupler and realize miniaturization, the invention provides an arched three-branch waveguide directional coupler.
The technical scheme of the invention is an arch three-branch waveguide directional coupler, and the transmission frequency of the directional coupler is 170GHz to 260GHz; the directional coupler consists of two rectangular waveguides which are 4mm long and 0.546mm wide and 1.092mm high and are arranged in parallel, and the distance between the two rectangular waveguides is 0.4mm; three arched channels with the same size are arranged between the two waveguides, wherein two ports of the first waveguide are respectively defined as a port 1 and a port 2, a port close to the port 1 in the other waveguide is defined as a port 4, and a port close to the port 2 is defined as a port 3; the port 1 in the directional coupler is an input port, the port 2 is a through port, the port 3 is a coupling port, and the port 4 is an isolation port; the direct port and the coupling port output signals have a phase difference of 90 degrees, and the isolation port is connected with a matched load; the length direction of the directional coupler is the direction of the long side of the rectangular waveguide, the height of the two rectangular waveguides plus the height of the arched channel is the height of the directional coupler, and the width direction of the directional coupler is the direction of the width of the rectangular waveguide; the width of the three arched channels is the same as that of the rectangular waveguide, the height of the arched channels is the distance between the two rectangular waveguides, the three arched channels are sequentially arranged along the long sides of the rectangular waveguide, the middle arched channel is positioned at the middle point of the long sides of the rectangular waveguide, and the other two arched channels are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the middle arched channel; the arched channel comprises 4 side walls, and the distance between the two side walls parallel to the length direction is unchanged, and is the width of the rectangular waveguide; the distance between the two side walls perpendicular to the length direction is changed from large to small and then is changed into large, the change process is symmetrical, and the section of the arched channel which is cut by the plane consisting of the length direction and the width direction is rectangular; the distance between the two side walls of the arched channel perpendicular to the length direction is 0.35mm at the longest and 0.3mm at the narrowest.
According to the waveguide coupler structure based on the arched branch structure, four fillets are additionally milled on the traditional rectangular branch line structure to form an arch, and the gradual change structure can effectively reduce the influence of waveguide discontinuity introduction and improve the working bandwidth of the coupler. The common 3 branch line coupler structure is relatively poor in coupling performance and relatively narrow in bandwidth, and the branch waveguide structure is used for improving the width of the narrowest coupling hole to the level of 0.2mm on the basis of realizing the same performance as that of the common 5 branch line coupler, so that the processing requirement is greatly reduced, and the cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the width of the narrowest coupling hole of the coupler is more than one time wider than that of the narrowest coupling hole of the coupler with the traditional 5 branch line structure, the processed metal branch structure is stronger and firmer, and the improved structure is less prone to deformation under the same stress condition in the long-term use process, so that the service life of the coupler is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a typical structure of a conventional five-branch waveguide directional coupler.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the overall circuit of the arch-shaped branch coupler of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall simulation results of the arch-shaped branch coupler of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing simulation results of the arched three-branch waveguide directional coupler of the present invention and a conventional five-branch waveguide directional coupler.
Description of the embodiments
As shown in FIG. 1, which shows a typical structure of a five-branch waveguide directional coupler in the prior art, according to the branch line coupler theory, the spacing between two main waveguides and the spacing between each waveguide branch are bothWherein->Is a waveguide wavelength. The width of the two outermost waveguide branches is denoted +.>The width of the other branches is equal and is marked asc。
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit of the arch-shaped branch coupler of the present invention; the directional coupler consists of two rectangular waveguides which are 4mm long and 0.546mm wide and 1.092mm high and are arranged in parallel, and the distance between the two rectangular waveguides is 0.4mm; three arched channels with the same size are arranged between the two waveguides, wherein two ports of the first waveguide are respectively defined as a port 1 and a port 2, a port close to the port 1 in the other waveguide is defined as a port 4, and a port close to the port 2 is defined as a port 3; the port 1 in the directional coupler is an input port, the port 2 is a through port, the port 3 is a coupling port, and the port 4 is an isolation port; the direct port and the coupling port output signals have a phase difference of 90 degrees, and the isolation port is connected with a matched load; the length direction of the directional coupler is the direction of the long side of the rectangular waveguide, the height of the two rectangular waveguides plus the height of the arched channel is the height of the directional coupler, and the width direction of the directional coupler is the direction of the width of the rectangular waveguide; the width of the three arched channels is the same as that of the rectangular waveguide, the height of the arched channels is the distance between the two rectangular waveguides, the three arched channels are sequentially arranged along the long sides of the rectangular waveguide, the middle arched channel is positioned at the middle point of the long sides of the rectangular waveguide, and the other two arched channels are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the middle arched channel; the arched channel comprises 4 side walls, and the distance between the two side walls parallel to the length direction is unchanged, and is the width of the rectangular waveguide; the distance between the two side walls perpendicular to the length direction is changed from large to small and then is changed into large, the change process is symmetrical, and the section of the arched channel which is cut by the plane consisting of the length direction and the width direction is rectangular; the distance between the two side walls of the arched channel perpendicular to the length direction is 0.35mm at the longest and 0.3mm at the narrowest.
The simulation result of the 220GHz arched three-branch coupler of the invention is shown in figure 3. From the graph, the return loss and the isolation are both better than 15dB, the phase unevenness is better than 3 degrees and the performance is excellent from the frequency band of 190-230 GHz.
In 220GHz frequency band, the narrowest branch width of the traditional five-branch waveguide directional coupler is 0.12mm, when the numerical control precise machining technology is adopted for machining, a milling cutter with the diameter of 0.1mm is required for machining, and the machining precision is required to be 5 mu m; the narrowest branch width of the three-branch waveguide directional coupler is 0.2mm, and the three-branch waveguide directional coupler can be processed by only a milling cutter with the diameter of 0.2mm in the same processing mode, and the processing precision is only 10 mu m. Meanwhile, when the couplers of the two structures are processed by adopting an E-plane splitting structure, the aspect ratio of the narrowest branch of the traditional five-branch waveguide directional coupler is 4.55 (0.546 mm/0.12 mm), and the aspect ratio of the narrowest branch of the arched three-branch waveguide directional coupler is 2.73 (0.546 mm/0.2 mm). According to the study of the documents P.J. Sobis, J.Stake, A.Emrich.A170 GHz 45 DEG hybrid for submillimeter wave sideband separating subharmonic mixers [ J ]. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2008, 18 (10): 680-682, the depth-to-width ratio of the structure is over 3, the processing tool is affected to a certain extent, and the processing difficulty is increased correspondingly.
Compared with the performance of the traditional rectangular branch coupler and the traditional five-branch waveguide directional coupler, the simulation result of the optimized five-branch waveguide directional coupler is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the performance of the coupler is basically consistent except for some difference of center frequencies, the amplitude unevenness is less than 0.3dB, and the optimized five-branch waveguide directional coupler has good power bisection performance. However, the circuit size of the traditional five-branch coupler is 2.3mm, the circuit size of the arched three-branch coupler is only 1.5mm, and the size is reduced by 53%. In summary, the improved three-branch waveguide directional coupler has the advantages of small size, wide bandwidth and easiness in processing.
Claims (1)
1. An arched three-branch waveguide directional coupler, characterized in that the directional coupler has a transmission frequency of 170GHz to 260GHz; the directional coupler consists of two rectangular waveguides which are 4mm long and 0.546mm wide and 1.092mm high and are arranged in parallel, and the distance between the two rectangular waveguides is 0.4mm; three arched channels with the same size are arranged between the two waveguides, wherein two ports of the first waveguide are respectively defined as a port 1 and a port 2, a port close to the port 1 in the other waveguide is defined as a port 4, and a port close to the port 2 is defined as a port 3; the port 1 in the directional coupler is an input port, the port 2 is a through port, the port 3 is a coupling port, and the port 4 is an isolation port; the direct port and the coupling port output signals have a phase difference of 90 degrees, and the isolation port is connected with a matched load; the length direction of the directional coupler is the direction of the long side of the rectangular waveguide, the height of the two rectangular waveguides plus the height of the arched channel is the height of the directional coupler, and the width direction of the directional coupler is the direction of the width of the rectangular waveguide; the width of the three arched channels is the same as that of the rectangular waveguide, the height of the arched channels is the distance between the two rectangular waveguides, the three arched channels are sequentially arranged along the long sides of the rectangular waveguide, the middle arched channel is positioned at the middle point of the long sides of the rectangular waveguide, and the other two arched channels are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the middle arched channel; the arched channel comprises 4 side walls, and the distance between the two side walls parallel to the length direction is unchanged, and is the width of the rectangular waveguide; the distance between the two side walls perpendicular to the length direction is changed from large to small and then is changed into large, the change process is symmetrical, and the section of the arched channel which is cut by the plane consisting of the length direction and the width direction is rectangular; the distance between the two side walls of the arched channel perpendicular to the length direction is 0.35mm at the longest and 0.3mm at the narrowest.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311353850.5A CN117096568A (en) | 2023-10-19 | 2023-10-19 | Arch three-branch waveguide directional coupler |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108649308A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-12 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of modified Terahertz branched guide coupler |
| CN111370833A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-03 | 清华大学 | Rectangular waveguide directional coupler |
| CN114725644A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-08 | 电子科技大学 | E-plane branch waveguide directional coupler with ultralow amplitude unevenness |
| CN114899602A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | 500GHz isolator for terahertz transmitting-receiving system |
| CN219393671U (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-07-21 | 苏州华域祥电子科技有限公司 | Terahertz waveguide directional coupler, circuit structure and electronic equipment |
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- 2023-10-19 CN CN202311353850.5A patent/CN117096568A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108649308A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-12 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of modified Terahertz branched guide coupler |
| CN111370833A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-03 | 清华大学 | Rectangular waveguide directional coupler |
| CN114725644A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-08 | 电子科技大学 | E-plane branch waveguide directional coupler with ultralow amplitude unevenness |
| CN114899602A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | 500GHz isolator for terahertz transmitting-receiving system |
| CN219393671U (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-07-21 | 苏州华域祥电子科技有限公司 | Terahertz waveguide directional coupler, circuit structure and electronic equipment |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 陈俊 等: "《电磁场理论与电磁波应用》", 北京邮电大学出版社, pages: 272 - 273 * |
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